Sir Charles Rosenthal Diary, 25 September 1914-31 December 1915
MLMSS 2739/1

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General Rosenthal’s Diary Of The Great War

Sir Charles Rosenthal informed me that he wrote his Diary from leaving Australia in a small note-book until arrival in Cairo when he purchased the two books on which this Diary is written and copied into them the original notes from his small note-book containing entries up to his arrival in Cairo. He lost this original note-book through fire in Gallipoli. These two volumes accompanied Sir Charles from December 1914 up to the time of his return to Sydney. The entries were made from day to day, at lEast when possible.

Sir Charles points out that whilst he was ill with enteric fever in Egypt there was a whole month’s gap, that is from August 25th to October 5th. He therefore did not enter up the entry under the date of August 25th until he was well enough to do so.

When he was wounded his Diary was entered up by his two Aides-de-camp, Captain P/ O’Hara Wood and Lieutenant Eric Pope. See my lead pencil note on Page 432 of volume 1.

W.H. Ifould
Principal Librarian
12/3/31

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S.J. Fox & Co
Mortgage Brokers & Property Agents
Suite 41
Stanton House
133 Pitt Street
(Near Martin Place)
Sydney
SJF/LH 24th April 1931
W.H. Ifould, Esq.
Principal Librarian,
Public Library
Macquarie Street,
SYDNEY

Dear Sir

During conversation with Major General, Sir Charles Rosenthal, he mentioned that you were in possession of his private War Diary, and that some doubt had been expressed as to where it had been written.

I had the honour to be closely associated with general Rosenthal as D.T.M.O. 4th Australian Divisional Artillery, from about May 1916, to August 1917, and watched him on many occasions, writing up his private War Diary in the field. The General has requested me to intimate this fact to you, as a member of Headquarters’ Staff, at that time.

Yours faithfully
SJ Fox

[Note in margin]
Mitchell Librarian – Please have this clipped into the front of the Diary
W.H.I. PL.
27/4/31

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Preface

The events which led up to the war now in progress, and the main features of the Campaign will be published in a much more complete form than I could possibly hope to arrange.

My desire is to carefully chronicle as far as possible all details affecting the 3rd Field Artillery Brigade which I have the honour to Command, and also particularly my own personal experiences from the time of the acceptance of my services by the Defence Authorities of Australia to the completion of the war, or as far as I am destined to participate in such war.

The "Grad[u]ation List" of officers published by the Military Board in connection with the 1st Expeditionary Force shows clearly the names of all Officers serving and their appointments.

There are in Australia at present in existence 26 Militia Batteries, from which 3 Brigade and 9 Battery Commanders are required for the A.I.F. artillery. The R.A.F.A. provided 1 Brigade and 2 Battery Commanders, thus leaving 2 Brigade and 6 Battery Commanders to be selected from 26 Militia Batteries.
Of these Batteries the 44th Howitzer (raised by me in 1908 and commanded by me till June 1915) has provided 1 Brigade and 2 Battery Commanders, leaving only 1 Brigade Commander and 4 Battery Commanders to be provided from the Remaining 25 Batteries. It is also significant that every officer who has graduated through the Howitzer Battery is serving in the 1st A.I.Force.

On July 1st I was appointed to the Command of the 5th A.F.A. Brigade New South Wales, and in consequence had to vacate the position of O.C. 44th (Howitzer) Battery. This Battery had been raised by me in 1908 and had always maintained a high standard of efficiency and Readiness.
Upon my vacating the Command my Captain (Major Rabett) was promoted to rank of Major and given Command of the Battery.
The Creation of the 5th Brigade had barely been completed when war was declared and the 44th Battery as a whole – officers and men – was the first Unit in the Australian Commonwealth to volunteer its services in the defence of the Empire.

When the British Authorities accepted Australia’s offer of a complete division, I was posted to the Command of the 2nd Battery in the

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Expeditionary Force, which was in fact really the 44th Battery, and at once commenced its organization.

The Artillery from Australia for the Expeditionary Force was made up of 1st 2nd and 3rd Brigade, Batteries numbered from 1 to 9, with their Ammunition Columns and also the Divisional Ammunition Column.
The 1st Brigade was Commanded by Major Christian R.A.F.A., and was raised in N. S. Wales, the 2nd Brigade, raised in Victoria, was Commanded by Lieut. Col Johnstone and the 3rd Brigade was Composite, and consisted of 7th Battery drawn from Queensland, 8th Battery from W. Australia. 9th Battery from Tasmania, and details of Ammunition Column from all states. This Brigade therefore has representatives in its ranks from every state of the Commonwealth, and is therefore essentially Australian.

On August 26th I was given command of the 3rd Brigade and set to work to get it organized as quickly as possible. Lt Jopp RAFA was appointed Adjutant and Lieut Clowes R.M.C. appointed Orderly Officer. I was promoted to rank of Lieut Colonel on September 17th 1914.

I visited Queensland in Company with Col Hobbs, Divisional Commander, and Major Anderson, Brigade Major, spending a couple of days in Brisbane. I then returned to Sydney where I remained some days, thence journeyed to Melbourne and Tasmania, putting in some days in Brighton Camp near Hobart with the 9th Battery. I then returned to Sydney, via Melbourne, stayed there some days attending to arrangements for men and horses embarking from Sydney for Tasmania. I also at this time inspected the Troop Ship "Rangatira" (A.22) lying at Pyrmont wharf and was delighted with the general Arrangements. The boat was fitted out by the Garden Island Authorities. I sent my Orderly & Horse to Brisbane by this Transport and some days afterwards myself left by rail for Brisbane. I found it terribly hard saying "Goodbye" to my wife and second son at Sydney railway station, and never again hope to have a similar experience.

I arrived at Brisbane on the evening of September 24th and immediately reported to the District Commandant who gave me certain instructions and information. On the morning of the 25th in Company with the District Commandant I went by Launch to Pinkenbar, and boarded the Transport which had been loaded with horses the night before and was ready to leave at noon.
I have shut down my practice and closed my doors. My connection must look after itself. Henceforward my records will be in Diary form.
Charles Rosenthal.

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Diary
Friday 25th September, 1914

This morning I have seen the District Paymaster and handed to him my pay allotment for my wife. I also interviewed the O.C. Army Service Corps and arranged for sand to be placed on board transport for a sand bath for horses. Horses were embarked by men of units, commencing at 5 P.M. 24th instant; finishing at 12 midnight Sept 24th/25th. One horse caused a great deal of trouble, and eventually backed over the wharf into the river. It was subsequently rescued.

The District Commandant invited me to proceed from Brisbane to Pinkenbar in the Naval launch. On arrival at the troop ship I took over custody of cash for use of men on board and had some placed in Captain’s Safe. The Commandant issued to me a message of farewell from His Excellency Sir Arthur Morgan, Governor of Queensland, to the troops of all Transports from Queensland, and as the "Rangatira" was the last to leave I was asked to transmit the message by wireless to other ships. The Commandant also personally addressed the troops. He informed me Mr Jopp’s work as Adjutant had been most unsatisfactory.
The troopship left wharf at Pinkenbar at 12.50 PM amid the tooting of whistles and sirens, and the "good byes" of the Soldiers friends and relatives.

The Veterinary Officer reported a sick horse which he had refused to accept, but which was ultimately ordered to be taken (by the Veterinary Board). This horse had been ill for a week prior to embarkation.

Weather beautifully fine and so far no symptoms of sea sickness.

Saturday 26th September

A very beautiful morning. The rugged coast in the rising sun looks particularly fine. With Col Sutton, the Senior medical Officer on Board I made a thorough inspection of the ship at 10 AM. Parades during the day of gunners at gun drill and fuze setting, rifle exercises, etc. Cleaning up ship generally. Lecture at night to all officers on general Conduct and duties on Board Troopship. Veterinary Officer reported sick horse to be very bad. I had him moved to the deck and specially fed. The Senior Medical Officer reported two cases of venereal disease. Cases were at once isolated.
I interviewed the Adjutant re very unsatisfactory report of his work furnished to me by District Commandant of Queensland, supported by a similar report from the A.A.G. I warned him his promotion to rank of Captain and the keeping of his position at all would depend on the way his duties in the future are carried out. I have given personal instruction to all trumpeters and buglers.

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Sunday 27th September

When I looked through the port of my Cabin at 6 A.M. I discovered we were off Sydney Heads. The rising sun on the Light Houses and cliffs made a splendid panorama. I inspected all horses at 7 A.M. with Veterinary Officer. Sick horse previously referred to is now unable to stand and had to be slung and fed through a drench. A second sick horse was also moved to upper deck. I gave instructions to move some horses into more suitable stalls, and also arranged for sand both to be prepared and saw it completed. Inspected ship at 10A.M. with Medical Officer. Sick horse destroyed at 3PM and cast overboard. Board at once detailed for same.
I forwarded to District Commandant Brisbane acknowledgement of the State Governor’s message, also acknowledgement of same from "Satr of England", "Anglo Egyptian" and "Omrah". All by wireless.

Monday 28th September

Two more cases of venereal disease discovered at morning Sick Parade. General inspection of Ship at 10 AM with P.M.O. I instituted artificers to alter certain mess Fittings to admit more light and air. Arrangements were made for the exercising and massaging of Horses and duties commenced. Gun drill and signalling detachment at work. Landscape targets in use. Rifle exercises carried out. Commencement made with evening classes for Officers and N.C.O.s. From 7.30 to 8PM. For N.C.O.s, and 8 to 8.30 or 9 PM for officers. Standing Orders for 3rd F.A. Brigade were explained to N.C.O.s and Officers. Signalling at night with Begbie lamp. Some horses were during the day moved from aft. stalls to others more centrally situated. I gave instructions for full "Marching Order" parade for each Wednesday at 10 AM, and foot parade for Medical Officer each Tuesday at 10 AM. On passing Signal Station at Wilson’s Promontory we received a signal instructing us to call at Queenscliff for Orders. Every Officer speculating as to what this May mean, our instruction previously having been to rendezvous at King George’s Sound, Albany. Coast around Wilson’s Promontory and Back Stairs Passage very rugged. Bitterly cold afternoon and night. Glorious sunset. In view of the fact that "Examination Anchorage" work is now being carried out at Queenscliff, Col Sutton and myself decided to take post on the Bridge while entering.

Tuesday 29th September

Came up on Captain’s Bridge at 1.30 AM with Col Sutton. The "Examination Boat" and the Search lights playing over the water from the Forts made a beautiful picture. The Pilot came on board with instructions for us to proceed to Melbourne. We entered the "Rip’ with the "Star of England" following

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in our wake, arrived opposite Port Melbourne and anchored. After the Health Officer had made his inspection anchor was weighed and we moved alongside new Railway Pier, Port Melbourne, berthing at 10 AM. I immediately went to Victoria Barracks, and reported to Colonel Hobbs, Colonel White and General Bridges.
Ordered to allow no leave. Returned to the ship with Major Glasford.
Colonel Grimwade, (Embarkation Officer) visited ship at 1 P.M. Instructed to proceed with disembarkation at 9 AM Thursday morning. Col Hobbs inspected ship at 4.30PM. with Major Anderson and Party. Notified that General Bridges would inspect at 10 AM 30th inst. I made a suggestion to Colonel Hobbs that our horses should be picketed on Crown Land adjoining wharf. Officers and men to take meals aboard ship and sleep there. Colonel Hobbs approved suggestion and promised to consult General Bridges. Adjutant compiled list of Ordnance deficiencies and submitted same to Major Anderson.

Wednesday 30th September.

General cleaning parade during morning. O.C. Troops inspection at 9 AM. General Bridges (accompanied by Colonel White) and Col Hobbs inspected ship at 10.30 AM. General Bridges expressed his entire satisfaction with the ship. General given "General Salute" on arrival. He gave permission to place horses on ground adjoining wharf. Men to sleep and mess on Board.
Inspected site for Horse lines, arranged to borrow timber from Wharf Contractor and with plumber for water service. Mr Jopp reported to Head Quarters re Ordnance Supplies; Veterinary Officer also reported to Head Quarters. Artillery horses disembarked. Infantry details and Brigade Head Quarters remaining on board till morning. Colonel Tunbridge instructed D.A. Column Section to move to Broadmeadows Camp. Col Sutton and F.A. details to show grounds.
Adjutant reported satisfactorily re replacement of Ordnance shortages.
Wrote Nell addressed to Gordon. Promised to write boys later.

Thursday 1st October.

Borrowed 8x6 timbers and erected horse lines. Ship lowered rope. Adjutant received sundry stores from Ordnance. D.A.C. Section moved off to Broadmeadows. Capt McGee took some battery harness and mixed up a great deal already sorted. He told Major Hughes he intended to make up his deficiencies from other units. I decide the matter must be adjusted at once and arranged for Major Hughes and the Adjutant to visit Broadmeadows to see Col Tunbridge in the matter.
Guns disembarked and made available for drill purposes, but retained on wharf. As member of a Board convened by General Bridges I attended Col Forsyth

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in conjunction with Capt Matson on "Star of England" from 1.30 to 5.30 PM re condition of horse stalls and horses. Board proceedings completed and recommendation made to the effect that horses being overcrowded, it was desirable to remove 60 or 70 stalls from ship, also that an oat ration should be provided daily, such ration to be gradually increased during the last week of voyage.
Col Kendall P.V.O, inspected ship and horses. Hosing out of ship commenced. I promised to arrange for the cleaning out of stalls allotted to unit sent away from ship. Harness dubbing, and dressing. Picket ropes, rubbers, spurs etc. received from Ordnance. Large fatigue party under Captain Leslie cleaning ship. Two gun detachments from battery and two from B.A. Column at work.

Friday 2nd October

Two picket lines fixed for Horses and horses properly arranged on same. Large fatigue party on following duties: - Cleaning Horse stalls, hosing cocoanut matting & sweeping pier. Four detachments at Gun drill. Parties fitting up Harness and teaming horses. Col Hobbs and Major & Mrs Anderson visited boat. Conferred with Col Hobbs re Capt McGee’s conduct concerning harness. Decided to send Major Hughes and Adjutant to Broadmeadows to adjust same. Received letter from Alvord. Capt Louden suggested his company might provide a piano for the ship, and promised to use his best endeavours to get one.

Saturday 3rd October

Large fatigue party getting limber out of Hold. 8 complete limbers fitted. Second party under Lt Ross cleaning remainder of Horse stalls. Third party under Lieut Clowes sorting out Red Cross stores. Swam all horses. Squire John clipped.
Major Hughes and adjutant visited Broadmeadows. Arranged with Col Tunbridge that all harness should be returned to ship and there sorted out and adjusted. Capt McGee came to ship at 11 AM. I censured him for his Conduct re Harness. Limbers removed to Horse lines also A & B Subsection Harness.
Went for a short exercise run with Squire John along beach.
Concert on wharf for men at night. Recitations, Songs and boxing. Some good voices among the men. I shall try to develop a male voice chorus for Part Song Singing. Arranged for Church Service for Sunday 10 AM. His Grace Dr Clarke Archbishop of Melbourne to officiate. Dean McCarthy to take R.C. party at Port Melbourne Church.
Capt McLennan’s father donated 12 pair horse clippers. Arrangements will now be made to clip all horses as soon as possible.

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Sunday 4th October

Church service at 10 AM. Conducted by Archbishop of Melbourne. Good attendance. Guns flanked the hollow Square. Gun carriage draped with Ensign. Mrs Clarke and Registrar attended. Chief Engineer took photo of group.
At 2 o’clock parade the greater portion of 7th Battery refused to fall in because of lack of leave. I had three guards formed and issued instructions that ship was to be cleared of troops, and every man to parade on wharf. About 60 men ordered into arrest. I read out Governor General’s Warrant concerning Court Martials and informed the whole parade of the Powers vested in me under the Warrant. I also read out to them the penalties awarded for Certain Crimes.
Exercised Squire John in the afternoon in Company with the Chief Officer. Had two hours conference with all officers after dinner re lack of discipline, instruction, etc, and generally was successful in straightening out some difficulties. The Chief Steward reported pilfering from bottled ale cases. An ensuing investigation.

Monday 5th October

Full muster parade at 6.30 AM. I had overnight carefully considered my course of action re Sunday’s business and had decided that as the men had admitted their offence to the O.C. Battery, and had expressed their regret for the incident I felt the best interests of the Brigade would be served by publicly censuring the men, pointing out the seriousness of their position and releasing them. If I have erred on the side of leniency I must abide the consequences but I want to have a loyal command, and I feel an appeal to their honour will in the long run be more effective than fine or imprisonment. I have therefore dismissed the cases and the future must show if my confidence has been misplaced.
During the day Saddlery of Battery was checked with that of Divisional Column, which latter harness had been returned from Broadmeadows by order of Colonel Tunbridge. Capt Mc Gee was in attendance with Major Hughes. No less than 12 Battery saddles and other harness were found among Capt McGee’s equipment. Brigade Headquarters unpacking and stamping Harness. Battery at Gun drill, Column teaming horses.
Received a hint from my Orderly that leave was being irregularly obtained by Brigade Headquarters men. I resolved on a Tattoo parade for Head Quarters details, with the result that it was discovered five men (including a N.C.O) were absent without leave. I decided to wait up and check.

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all men returning to Ship. In the meantime in Company with Several Officers I searched the ship in an endeavour to find if any other way of leaving the ship than by the gangway had been prepared. I discovered 4 rope ships ladders hung on the side at various dark points of the ship, also planks leading from Horse decks through iron doors in ship side to jetty. These approaches had evidently been used by the men when leaving ship, with the cooperation of local boats.
I was so annoyed at these discoveries that I posted Officers at the entrance to troop decks, and myself with Capt Leslie took post at gangway. One by one, gunners, drivers and N.C.O. returned to ship, some hiding themselves among wharf piles lying on the wharf. The Guard had to turn them out.
Between the hours of 11 PM and 5-30 AM on 6th inst no less 62 NCOs, gunners and drivers returned to the ship, having been absent without leave. In this list were included 16 men who had been participants in the number who mutinied on Sunday morning.
My leniency and warning of the previous day had apparently not been appreciated or acted upon, so the whole squad was ordered into arrest.
The Officers retired at 2 AM, 6th inst, leaving a strong guard to apprehend any other leave breakers who might put in an appearance.

Tuesday 6th October

General parade at 6.15 AM. Every man checked. I had list prepared of prisoners and with Major Hughes called on Col Hobbs to explain the position. I felt there was nothing to be done but send all the culprits up for Court Martial, sentence them to imprisonment and discharge them from their units. Col Hobbs agreed with me, likewise General Bridges, but after a conference it was decided the best course was for me to deal summarily with the men – fine them and stop all leave for those concerned.
I accordingly had the whole command paraded at 2.PM. The defaulters were Marched on Board ship, and in reply to my enquiry they unanimously elected to be dealt with summarily by me.
Under the powers conferred on me as O.C. troops on the Transport, I therefore awarded penalties as follows:- NCOs to revert to permanent rank, have pay stopped to the extent of ?5 and be refused all leave till further notice.
All others to have pay stoped to the extent of ?5 and be deprived of all leave. Judging from remarks overheard by me I am of opinion the men have learnt their lesson and I shall have no further trouble.
I shall unhesitatingly court martial any similar offenders in the future.
I feel very keenly the want of loyalty of the Queensland Artillery, and can only

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think lack of knowledge and a lack of appreciation of the enormity of their conduct have led them into a course of action which is untenable.
Battery at work all day with eight 6 horse teams. Ammunition Column assembling and Stamping Harness. Head Quarters Signalling. Gun layers special instruction on two guns.
Handed over to "Omrah", "Star of England" and "Anglo Egyptian", their proportion of oats and rations for use in England.
Special oat ration being loaded for use on voyage.
Embarkation authorities practically completed alteration to Horse stalls and building of Horse brows.
Capt Louden informed me this evening he had purchased a piano for the Ship. All the officers very grateful. Mr Jopp bought extra Gramophone records.
Satisfactory ‘Tattoo’ parade at 8-30.P.M.

Wednesday 7th October

The Battery devoted the day to Battery gun drill and Driving drill. I attended the work of the battery during the morning and was very pleased with the ability displayed by Capt Leslie, both in instructing and in correcting faults. Lieut Urquhart also promises very well as a Section Officer. Drivers did very good work and team horses are in splendid condition. Gun Layers given consistent work on four guns. B.A. Column assembling and stamping harness. B. Head Qrs ditto. Received letter from Nell & Chris. Wrote short note to Nell at Gordon and at Sefton Park.
Piano arrived from Allan & Co. Visited Victoria Barracks during the afternoon, then called on Mr Whitehead to print me some cards. Inadvertently I discovered his sister is married to Mr Callaghan of Gordon and is mother of [indecipherable] Callaghan. Selected some Part Songs at Allan’s for the use of the men going home. Called on Major Robertson re selling "Jack". He was not in. I shall call in again tomorrow. Col Green and Col Merrington (chaplain) called and stayed to dinner. Afterwards men had a concert on the wharf. The "Omrah" band came round and assisted in the Performance. I sang a couple of songs.
Col Hobbs and Major Anderson visited us about noon. Wired to Commandants re Kitchens.

Thursday 8th October

Visited head Quarters during morning. Arranged to replace Horse in Battery that was destroyed on the way down from Brisbane. Left voucher and Certificate for sale of "Jack" to Department. Called on Colonel Hobbs and Colonel Dangar. Arranged to discharge undesirables

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and take on men here in their places.
Saw Colonel McLagan at Port Melbourne Railway Station.
Battery at Battery drill – B.A.C. fitting Harness. Head Quarters doing similar work. Gunners training in laying. Horse died during last night.

Friday 9th October

At Head Quarters in the morning re Gee’s promotion; extra Head ropes, Ammunition, etc. Capt Johnston, State Veterinary Officer accompanied me back to boat and inspected our Horses under Quarantine Regulations. Major Robertson promised to inspect and brand "Jack" today. Voucher not yet through. Wrote pencil note to Nell to that effect. Capt McLellan performed Post-Mortem on Horse, discovered cause of death to be Septic Pnuemonia. He has kept feet and intends illustrating to shoeing smiths the construction of bones of foot - as a guide to shoeing. Obtained 20 lbs plasticine and have commenced model of Country for instructional purposes.
Battery at Battery Manoeuvre. Col Hobbs and Major Anderson inspected all teams of battery, Brigade A. Column and Head Quarters Horses. Gunners at gun drill and thoroughly cleaning ship. Coaling operations have been continuous for a week but finished today. Everything is covered with fine coal dust. Bringing in Beach Sand for sandbaths for Horses.
Exercised 24 men at 300x,x 400x at Rifle Range.

Saturday 10th October

Cleaning Harness during morning for all hands. Myself a Model. Afternoon making gun emplacements. Intend to make 4 complete during hours of darkness as Practice for Officers and men. Horse reported missing from Head Quarters lines for 2 days. Arranged for search parties. Col Merrington and Lieut Chambers from "Omrah" called and invited us to Church Service on Sunday morning. Also invitation from local Anglican Vicar to early 7 AM Communion. Heard of big disturbance in Melbourne tonight between military and Police. Several of our officers asked leave to go to St Kilda dancing pavilion. Wanted me to go but I concluded it is no place for an old married man. Instead I walked along Beaconsfield parade from ship to St Kilda and back again – about 6 miles. Left ship at 8 PM and returned at 10 PM. Road very beautiful. Bitterly cold night. On my return to ship I was introduced to a friend of Mr Darcy the 4th officer, I discovered him to be an old Geelong friend (Mr Brown) of 20 years ago. Letter from Colonel Burns re travelling Kitchen. He promised to donate ?10-10-0 Hope to raise full amount required viz ?360 –

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Sunday 11th October

Communicant Service at local Church of St Andrew for Anglicans. Roman Catholic service at 10 AM at local church and General Service on Port Melbourne Wharf at 10 AM. I accepted Colonel Lee’s offer for our men to join their service, and as they have a band it made the service much more interesting. Gave General leave today (for all except defaulters) from 2.30 to 12 midnight. No Hotels open today to cause possible trouble. Evening on model, and walked to St Kilda.

Monday 12th October

Battery at Battery gun drill and driving drill. Brigade head Quarters mounted drill. At Victoria Barracks re Horse and Ordnance Supplies. Col Hobbs visited ship and informed me he wanted the Brigade out to Broadmeadows on Thursday for Divisional Drill. I pointed out the difficulty re Quarantine of Queensland horses. He then promised to let me know later. Battery drill again during afternoon.
At night I accepted Col Lees’ invitation to dinner on the "Omrah" returned at 9.30PM.

Tuesday 13th October

Battery at Battery Gun and Driving drill. BAC at driving drill. Horses being shod. In view of possible trek to Broadmeadows I arranged for all wagons and limbers to be brought up out of the hold and fitted ready for use. Attended at Central Administration seeing Col Dangar and Major Robertson
Also District pay officers and Ordnance re Head ropes etc. paid ?11.5.0 Fuel Allowance from 24th Sept to 23rd October inclusive. Letter from Nell also wire re her altered conditions.
The three remaining Gunpits were made during the night, commencing at 9 PM and finishing at 11.30 PM. Pay handed to Major Hughes for troops on board by Pay Master Brisbane checked and returned to Captains safe. Discharged two N.C. Officers.

Wednesday 14th October

Out with the Battery and Ammunition Column during the morning. Great improvements in driving generally.
Went to town at 1.30 PM, visited Barracks and pay office. Returned to ship at 3PM met Col Hobbs and rode out with him to watch Command at work. He seemed very satisfied with advancement made and told the Officers so. At night in Company with Col Lee and Col Merrington attended dinner at Federal Government House given by the Governor General. All OC - Troops and Senior officers were invited and we had a very jolly evening.

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Thursday 15th October

Out with Battery and Ammunition Column during the morning. Capt Waite O.C. BAC, reported from Adelaide at 11.30 AM. Was with him to 3.30 PM, discussed various details re training on way to England, and looked through his list of stores etc. He returned by 4.30 train to Adelaide.
Had huge fatigue party cleaning up ship and fitting stalls, chairs etc. Battery, A. Column and Brigade Head Quarters at mounted work during afternoon.

Friday 16th October

Battery and BAC also Head Quarters out during morning. I called at Col Hobbs Office, returned to Ship at 12.30 PM. Had all Horses sprayed for prevention of ticks. Completed at midday.
Out with the Battery and Column during the afternoon.
Special gift of oatmeal, arrowroot, salt and Mustard sent to ship (for use of Horses during voyage) by Miss Hardie.
Three men reported from D.A. Column to take the places of men discharged & deserted. All horse feed bins thoroughly washed out and ship left ready for embarkation of Horses. Received instruction for Parade on Saturday at 9.30 AM for GOC, Prime Minister and Minister of Defence, also to embark on Monday commencing at 8 AM.

Saturday 17th October

Prime Minister, Minister of Defence, GOC A.I.F. Admiral Creswell and other Officials made an inspection of men, horses and ship. Men formed up with teams and drivers mounted on the wharf. All concerned very pleased with ship. Prime Minister made a Complimentary speech to Col Hobbs who in turn transmitted it to me for benefit of Command generally.
All units at work with teams during morning. Afternoon devoted to embarking vehicles etc. called at Ordnance. Horse chairs arrived.

Sunday 18th October

Completed embarkation of guns and wagons, using our own men to work winches and slings.
Obtained sand for use on ship during voyage.
General leave to all ranks this afternoon – No Church Services on account of Embarkation duties.
In the evening I walked to St Kilda along Beaconsfield Parade, returning to Ship at 10. PM.

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Monday 19th October

Commenced embarkation of horses at 10 AM and completed all units at 1.30 PM. Chief Steward not having returned to ship the Captain delayed departure till 4.30 PM.
At Pay office during morning, at Ordnance re head ropes and expense stores. Called on Colonel Hobbs, Colonel Dangar and Colonel Coxen. Said goodbye to them all. Col Grimwade with embarkation officer and Commander Brewes left ship at 4PM. "Rangatira" moved off at 4.30 and proceeded to Anchorage at Williamstown. Our Post Orderly was brought off in a naval launch, bringing our last mail for some time. Very nice letter from Nell. Wrote short letter in reply and enclosed ?20, also wrote Chris, Alvord and Charley

TUES 20th October

New Chief Steward and Assistant came aboard during morning, also Ships Stores. Moved off at 2.36 PM from Anchorage, delighted to once again get moving. Very pleasant trip down the Bay, with the "Shropshire", ‘Moldavia", and "Star of England" astern. Pilot very interesting, had served in South Africa with a brother and sister. He told us of the capture of the last German ship to enter Melbourne port and of his "bluffing" the skipper that Fort-search lights were only being run for the usual quarterly trials. Dropped Pilot at 6 PM. Arranged details for N.C.Officers classes. Very amusing incidents have come to light re Lieut Jenkinson, a lady admirer or admired and his orderly, and another re an absent gunner when time came to embark, a lady friend and a Sergeant and party sent to bring him aboard. The details hardly suitable for Diary, but the foregoing notes will always suffice to bring the incidents clearly to mind again. The Australian soldier is certainly resourceful. Pay issued to men covering period from last pay in Brisbane to date of embarkation in Melbourne.

Battery Horse taken very ill during last night. Vet called at midnight and managed to save him. Marching order Parade at 8.30 AM and general inspection. Afterwards boat stations were explained to all units allotments made and practised.
Units at drill morning and afternoon. Gun drill, laying and signalling. Completed syllabus of N.C.Os training for use of all Batteries of Brigade on the homeward journey. Preparing summary of evidence for mock Court Martial on Lieut Jenkinson, he having been charged with conduct unbefitting an Officer and a Gentleman. "Shropshire" gradually falling behind.

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Beautiful weather. water showing not a ripple. Plenty of porpoises following ship, and we saw one whale spouting. Sick horse improved during day. Effective use made of sandbath. Battery exercised 59 horses. General arrangements completed for exercising each horse every day.

Thursday 22nd October

All horses exercised during day. Sick horse very much improved. Battery at Gun drill and laying, Head Quarters at Signalling. B.A.C. and D.A.C. foot parades.
Syllabus for NCOs instruction completed and typed. Instructional Court-Martial during evening. Major Hughes a very effective Prosecutor. Accused found "Not Guilty"
Endeavoured with Captain to locate illicit trafficking in beer and spirits. Spoke to Sergeants Mess while they were at dinner.

Friday 23rd October

Blanket Parade at 8.30. Sick horse practically normal. Arranged to have five windsails fitted to various vents leading to horse decks. Very great improvement in condition of air in consequence. System of exercising horses working admirably. Still a few animals difficult to handle. Battery at gun drill and Laying. B.A. con battery drill per medium of black board. Artificers took an 18 pr gun to pieces, thoroughly cleaned same and reassembled
Instruction given to gunners while so doing.
Arranged with Chief Engineer to supply ashes for use in Horse Stalls.
Syllabus for training of officers on the journey home completed.

Saturday 24th October

Exercising again very satisfactorily carried out. Two horse suffering from colic, but recovered during day. Brigade Head Quarters had practice with ball ammunition from stern of boat. All matting brought up on deck after morning stables. Afternoon given to men for washing etc. Concert at night. Ships piano used. Boat and Fire stations rehearsed.

Sunday 25th October

Horse decks very sweet and clean this morning. Matting put down again. "Shropshire" slightly ahead of us, also another vessel apparently the "Karoo".
"Moldavia" passed us about 7 AM having called at Adelaide and now bound for Fremantle.
Church service at 10 AM. Lesson read by Colonel Sutton.

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Gift sweets issued to all ranks. Horse belonging to BAC died at 10.30 and was cast overboard. Suffered from Septic Pnuemonia. [pneumonia]
Anchored at King Georges Sound at 2 PM. District naval Officer Commander Jones came off and gave us latest war news. About 15 ships of convoy already in Port. Signalling at night to ‘Shropshire’. Ascertained they had lost one horse on the way round, also from Septic Pnuemonia. Major Anderson’s sprained ankle nearly well. Corporal Hare, BAC. (a Wesleyan Clergyman in Queensland) had a church service at night. Major Hughes not well. Apparently developing an influenza attack.

Monday 26th October

"Orvieto" arrived at 8 A M. Other ships arrived during day, so that now only about three transports remain to be accounted for. Work on board ship proceeded as usual, with the exception that gun drill had to be discontinued on account of rain, and for same reason horses on open decks could not be exercised. Very heavy wind and sea and driving rain. Received two long letters from Alvord. Sent off Syllabus of Officers and NCOs of Brigade Training to Bessel-Browne & Waite on board "Medic."(still at Fremantle) Message by wireless from "Orvieto" during evening complaining of use of wireless on three ships between Melbourne and Albany, also of floating boxes, etc. Long message also sent by lamp for practice of whole convoy.
Warned for Conference on 27th inst. I personally read the messages from Captains Chart room. "Orvieto" light very unsatisfactory. Lamp message afterwards repeated by wireless as a check, but was not satisfactorily received on account of atmospheric disturbance and some shore station commencing to send. Sent a lamp message to Major Burgess on Transport "Geelong" enquiring as to health of officers and men. He just commenced a reply but appeared to be cut-off and consequently his message was not completed.
H.M.A.S. Melbourne patrolling the entrance to the Sound.
The whole scene begins to impress one. – the turbulent water, many ships, cruises, etc – all foretelling serious work in the future.

Tuesday 27th October

Last night very rough. "Katuna" arrived from Tasmania this morning. As she has a large number of 3rd Brigade horses I shall get in touch with her as soon as possible and ascertain their condition. Units as usual work during morning. Obtained a voluntary boat crew in afternoon to row over to "Katuna" and "Geelong". Col Sutton accompanied me in order to see his medical details on the "Geelong". We had a very rough passage to the "Katuna" which lay about a mile

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from our own ship. We then had to clamber up ship’s rope ladder, no easy task with a heavy sea running. After inspecting the horses we again engineered ourselves back into the boat and rowed over to the "Geelong" which is carrying 9th battery from Tasmania. The sea had however risen a good deal and we were unable to get on board. Consequently after a few words with Major Burgess who was waiting for us, we set off from ship, and after a good solid hour and a half’s row arrived safely.
The boat was leaking a good deal and baling had to be resorted to constantly. One of our crew was very sick, but everybody else appeared to enjoy the experience. Col Sutton and myself feel that after this afternoon’s experience we have no desire to form part of a shipwrecked crew, cast off in ships boats in the open ocean. Both lamp and wireless signals through from "Orvieto" during the evening. Conference called for tomorrow on Flag Ship.

Wednesday 28th October

Usual routine work for units. Left on launch at 8.30 AM for conference aborad Flag Ship. Owing to calling at the other ships of 3rd Division Flagship was not reached till about 11 AM. Conference had then commenced. The 3rd Brigade returns were correct and in consequence I suffered no adverse criticism. Had lunch on board. Chatted with several officers. Saw the "Melbourne" pass and salute the General’s flag. She dropped a boat and sent pipers aboard the Flagship. On the return of the boat to the cruiser it was hoisted into the davits, the crew "running away" with the rope to the accompaniment of the Bugles. It was a very pretty sight.
A cinematograph operator took some pictures from the Flag ship.
Saw Olding and Major King on the "Argyleshire" as we passed her.
Strict instructions issued re posting of letters and cards and sending of wires. All to be riguorusly [rigorously] censored. In consequence I can only send home Post Cards which must contain no information about the troops, ships, or ports of call. Returned to ship at 6 PM after discharging officers at each ship of Second Division. Lamp and wireless messages during the evening. Took a few signals on the Marconi Instrument. Harbour full of boats. New Zealand Convoy arrived about 11 AM, escorted by H.M.S. Minatour [Minotaur?], Philomel and Pyramus, also H.I.J.M. ship "Ibuki". The Melbourne led the way into the Sound. The H.M.S. "Physce" (Psyche?) also accompanied the Convoy as far as Hobart and then returned to New Zealand. The fleet now at anchor makes a most imposing sight.
Last night the "Essex" a steamer from England, entered the Sound, but was promptly "hove to" when a shell from the "Melbourne" screamed across

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her bow. Today ships are watering as fast as local facilities will permit. A New Zealand boat came over to us this morning with several members of New Zealand Rifles on board. They looked to be fine specimens of manhood and their uniforms are of a very suitable colour and material, as well as being well made. We have been expecting the General to make his appearance this morning, but so far he has only reached the "Argyleshire".
Major Hughes has been on the sick list with influenza for three days, but is now on the way to recovery.

Thursday 29th October

Another message stating that General was to inspect just received this morning. He visited the "Shropshire" but afterwards returned direct to his own ship. Our ship had been very nicely prepared. Units at work during day. One horse took ill, suffering from colic, but has much improved. Most definite instructions received re censorship. Boat crew put off to "Shropshire" to get kits of three men recently posted to "Rangatira". Only one could be found. Reading up afternoon and evening. Received wireless instructing ship to go into harbour for water tomorrow morning.

Friday 30th October

Ordered Drill Order parade preparatory to moving into Harbour. Left anchorage about 10.30. On passing "Orvieto" troops were formed up on deck. Guard presented Arms and Trumpets sounded general Salute. Our flag was dipped to the "Orvieto" but she did not respond. On passing H.M.S. "Minatour" we repeated the salute and it was immediately acknowledged. After lunch four boat crews went over to a near beach for sand, returning about 4 PM with about 4 tons.
Mr Jopp and Duntroon Subaltern left in ships boat for "Orvieto". Mr Jopp returned to ship at 12.45. During the afternoon I paid a call on the Captain of the "Minatour". The 1st gunnery Lieutenant showed us over the ship. She carries ten 4".7 and four 9".2, the latter in pairs, fore and aft. Also several 12 prs. She has just completed 19000 knots since war was declared and is now being repainted.
We learned we are expected to leave on Sunday for our homeward journey via Colombo. I watched with interest sounding of "Retreat" on warship. Went over to Albany township at 4.15 PM and scored about 20 bags of green fodder. Our horses will much appreciate this alteration in menu, though up to date they appear very fit indeed.
Doing one reading tonight – getting ready for lectures on the way home.

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Saturday October 31st

Sent party on shore to take discharged men to major Meeks at Fort. Completed watering of ship at 10.30 AM. Moved out from Inner Harbour to old Anchorage. Passing "Minatour" we lined ship and saluted also dipped the Flag. Salute returned. On passing "Orvieto" the Flagship we again saluted but no notice taken. This was the second occasion on which our salute had been ignored.
All the Transports came out of harbour during the afternoon and took up original moorings. Signalling proceeding during day. Col Hobbs inspected ship during afternoon on behalf of General Bridges. Very satisfactory generally. Posted a number of Post Cards. Letters not being allowed.
Signal received from "Orvieto" to the effect that Minister of Defence had wired asking if it was true that troops on board "Rangatira" were forced to drink beer for dinner because of shortage of water. I replied that statement was absolutely incorrect.
Took from 9.45 to 12 o’clock midnight to get a reply back to the "Orvieto". Reurned at 2 AM. Five boats out during afternoon for sand.

Sunday 1st November

Rose at 5 AM Steam had been ordered for 6 AM, and instructions given for the Fleet to be put to sea. It was a most beautiful morning – and a prettier picture I never expect to see than King George’s Sound as it appeared today. The "Minotaur" followed by the "Melbourne" came out of Inner Harbour at 6AM. The "Orvieto" followed, then the 1st Division. The Second and Third followed in proper order, then the New Zealand Convoy, and last of all the "Sydney". On next Page is a diagram of the whole Fleet formation. The Medic" and "Ascanius" are not with us, but will take up their places tomorrow on their arrival from Fremantle. Today has been somewhat novel – the various ships officers practising how to "keep station" by day and night. The Captain of the "Benalla" immediately preceding us is evidently very nervous for he "backs and fills" and causes all the following ships of this Division to also lose station. Our signallers are getting excellent practice. The moon is now shining through heavy broken clouds and the whole scene is extremely beautiful.
Church Service this evening. One of the Corporals of Brigade Column, who in private life is a clergyman and a Queensland chaplain gave the address. It is now 10 o’clock and the wind is piping up. We are nearing the "Leeuwin" so must expect fresh weather.

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DIAGRAM SHOWING FLEET AT SEA

Australian Convoy

H.M.S. "Minatour"

2nd Division - 1st Division - 3rd Division
<---- 1 mile--> - -X- - <-----1 mile ---->
"Wiltshire" - "Orvieto" - "Euripides"
A.18 (103900 - A.3 (12130) - A.14 (15000)
"Medic" - "Southern" - "Argyllshire"
A.7 (12032) - A.27 (4769) - A.8 (10392)
"Ascanius" - "Pera" - "Shropshire"
A.11 (10049) - A.4 (7635) - A.9 (11911)
"Star of England" - "Armadale" - "Afric"
A.15 (9150) - A.26 - A19 (11999)
"Geelong" - "Saldanah" - "Benalla"
A.2 (7954) - A.12 (4594) - A.24 (11118
H.M.A.S. - "Port Lincoln" - "Katuna" - "Rangatira" - H.I.J.M.S."Ibuki"
"Sydney" - A.17 (7243) - A.13 (4641) - A.22 (10018)
"Karoo" - "Hymettus" - "Star of Victoria"
A.10 (6127) - A.1 (4606) - A.16 (9150)
"Marere" - "Suffolk" - "Hororata"
A.21 (6443) - A.23 (75730 - A.20 (9491)
"Clan MacCorquodale" - "Anglo Egyptian" - "Omrah"
A.6 (5121) - A.25 - A.5 (8130)
- "Miltiades"
- A.28

New Zealand Convoy
2nd Division - Ist Division
"Arawa" - "Maunganui"
N.Z. 10 - N.Z. 3
"Athenic" - "Orari"
N.Z.11 - N.Z. 6
"Hawkes Bay" - "Star of India"
N.Z. 9 - N.Z.8
"Ruapehu" - "Limerick"
N.Z. 5 - N.Z.7
"Waimana" - "Tahiti"
N.Z. 12 - N.Z. 4

H.M.A.S. "Melbourne"

Monday 2nd November

Fresh breeze and confused sea with rain squalls during day. At 6AM all ships reasonably in station. "Benalla" caused a good deal of trouble during the night due to excessive alterations of speed. "Melbourne" called up "Benalla", "Afric" and "Hororata" during last evening, directing them to keep better station. Units at work during day at physical drill, gun drill, lectures and exercising of horses. All horses are now exercised daily. Read a message from "Shropshire" to "Afric" apologising for getting out of line, and explaining they did so because they had to throw a horse overboard and evidently wanted it to be clear of propellers of succeeding ships.
Orders re throwing boxes overboard apparently ignored by leading ships of 3rd Division.. Many boxes and other refuse have passed us during the day. Hatch covers removed with a resultant improvement of air condition in lower decks. Inspection at 11 AM proved ship to be well kept.
Lt Clowes and Jenkinson with influenza. Both improving.

Tuesday 3rd November

I am informed this is Cup Day. I suppose we will receive a wireless telling of result as we yesterday received wireless stating that Great Britain had declared war on Turkey. We received wireless today stating that British Cruise "Hermes" had been sunk in the Strait of Dover by a German submarine. All units working well. Today special fatigues, cleaning out and disinfecting all horse stalls, also eyes, nose, decks and health of Horses. Strong breeze with heavy confused sea. Ship pitching a good deal. A couple of the officers and some of the men ill. I have experienced not the slightest sensation of sea sickness since leaving Brisbane. Quite a pleasant change for me.
At 3 PM traces of smoke from "Medic" and "Ascanius" with their escorts were noticed. The escorts were the Japanese ship "Ibuki" and the "Philomel". At 4 PM the "Ascanius" had taken up her place in convoy, and at 4.30n the "Medic" was also in station. The Japanese ship has moved to starboard of the Fleet, the "Melbourne" taken up a position astern, the "Philomel" has apparently returned to Australia, the "Sydney" is on the port beam and the "Minatour" is leading the Convoy. During the evening I tried to raise the "Medic" which is carrying the 8th Battery and Ammunition Column details, but I could not raise her.
I called up the "Katuna" and ascertained that all Artillery horses were in good condition.
During the night the "Benalla" and "Afric" caused great difficulty in Station keeping, so much so that during the middle watch our Division dropped astern of the New Zealand ships. Mr Faulkner, the second officer, who was on watch,

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was much incensed. Thereafter all ships kept better station.
Major Hughes again taken to bed. He appears far from well.
Result of Melbourne Cup sent through by wireless. Most of the officers joined in a sweep, but a few of us including the Captain did not participate. In fact I do not know the name of winning horse.

Wednesday 4th November

Usual routine duties during the day. Marching order inspection carried out. Much improvement. Station keeping better during day. Spent most of day on Bridge learning International Code Signalling and at night sent a long message to Major Bessell Browne on the "Medic". The "Katuna" reported she had lost 2 horses. So far ours are doing exceedingly well. The Horse decks are beautifully clean and well kept. Weather warming up.

Thursday 5th November

Beautiful morning. A good deal of trouble during night due to faulty station keeping of ships ahead. Gun drill, lectures and physical training going on. About 11 AM the "Minatour" came back from her position at the head of Convoy, passed down the lines severely criticising ships which were not keeping station, and returned up the line to her place again. As she passed us our troops fell in on their Parade Stations and we gave the salute. During the afternoon number of Horse casualties in Convoy were transmitted to "Orvieto". Fortunately we have so far lost none from Albany. The following are the losses. Pera 1, Katuna 4, Hymettus 3, Anglo Egyptian 5, Medic 1, Port Lincoln 5, Karoo 9, Clan MacCorquedale 7, Marere 9, Shropshire 1. Total 45 . weather very warm today. Our position at noon. 24o 6’ South, 106o 55’ East. All awnings spread much to the satisfaction of all ranks. At 5 PM the "Osterly" showed up on the Horizon astern. She attempted to cross our line but the "Melbourne" ordered her off. She came up abrEast our line just after we had finished dinner. Our men gave her cheers, and they were very
heartily responded to by the ship. The rigging was full of Blue Jackets evidently on their way to join their ships. She looked very fine steaming past us.
I should have referred to the appearance of the "Minatour" as she passed us today. She was ploughing along at about 20 knots with her sailors manning the decks. They and the officers were all dressed in white and with the various signal flags flying she looked a pretty sight.
As I write 8 bells has just sounded and the Lookout in the bow has called ‘All’s well". A big crowd of gunners is singing all sorts of songs on the forward deck. They have just finished ‘Absent". I feel inclined

in consequence never to sing it again. Major Hughes still confined to his bed and our veterinary Officer too is not well today. Influenza appears to be going round the ship.

Friday 6th November

A dull and cloudy day. Much cooler than yesterday. All the ships officers out in white. They look so nice that we tell them we must have a photograph of them to remind us of our trip home in "Rangatira". Special rehearsal today of procedure of Convoy on sighting an enemy. Satisfactorily carried out. All boat stations manned, men wearing life belts, all ports and watertight doors closed, and men discarding boots.
Fairly warm in Horse decks – 80o – So far horses in good condition. Station keeping of ships today much improved.
Our position noon today 20o 41’ South 104o 14’ West. Last 24 hours run 250 miles.

Saturday 7th November

A dull overcast day but by far the hottest we have had so far. We found
the awnings over main Horse deck made the atmosphere very close indeed.
In consequence we removed part of the forward awnings and rigged four
new wind sails, beside opening to the full two meal doors on each side of
the ship. This improved air currents considerably.
Gun laying and signalling instruction carried out during day. At night from 8 to 8.30 all lights except stern shaded light were extinguished by order of Flag ship, and troops paraded on parade stations. This as a rehearsal in case of attack at night by an enemy. Most of the ships in convoy implicitly obeyed instructions but some omitted to quench their lights. As a consequence I expect we shall receive a sarcastic wireless tomorrow from the "Orvieto". The "Benalla" immediately ahead of our ship, as soon as lights were ordered out, veered quite out of the course before complying, and generally made a sorry exhibition. I rather think I should be a little afraid to take along cruise in that ship with its present officers.
Returns from ships showing horses lost since last return (Thursday last) are as follows: - "Wiltshire" 1, "Star of England’ 1, "Port Lincoln" 1, "Karoo" 1, "Southern" 1, "Armadale" 1, "Katuna" 2, "Star of Victoria" 2, Total 10 – making grand total so far of 55 horses since leaving Albany.
We are drawing near to Cocos Islands, being at noon today 381 miles distant. Our position at 12 today 17o 14’ South, 101o 36’ East. Total run for last 24 hours 255 miles. Then had concert tonight prior to "attack"

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Parade. Exceedingly hot as I write 9.30 PM. Stewards have just brought us cold lemon drinks, which are just the thing now.

Sunday 8th November

Another very hot day. About 3 PM a heavy rain and wind squall came up, very materially cooling atmosphere and horse decks. Message sent through to Major Bessel-Browne O.C. Troops Medic, re First-aid classes and medical Certificate.
Early this morning the "Minatour" passed down the convoy to the "Melbourne", which latter ship was keeping station in rear of convoy. After travelling for about 15 minutes beside the "Melbourne" the ‘Minatour" steered off to the westward and has not since been seen, the "Melbourne" taking up position in "Minatour" station at head of Convoy. Tonight special orders came through to travel without lights. I am of opinion the "Minatour" has received information concerning German ships, and is doing reconnaissance work. "Afric" hauled out of line this morning also "Argyleshire". It looked as if they were passing horses overboard but we could not see clearly.
At 10.15 a wireless message came through telling of the death of Private Kendall 5th Battalion on board "Euripides". This ship drew out of line at 10.30 and conducted burial Service, all Ensigns being flown half-mast.
I think this is the first Casualty in the A.I. Force.
Lecturette this evening by Lieut Urquhart on "Employment of Artillery".
Church service at 7PM. Big attendance and very good singing.
One of the ship’s crew caught broaching beer. Dealt with by Captain, fined & logged. Last 24 hours travelled 238 miles, leaving about 150 miles to go to "Cocos Islands" from noon today. Expect to pass about 3 AM tomorrow morning.
Position at noon 13o 55’ S, 99o 25’E.

Monday 9th November

Exceptionally hot night. All ships travelled with lights out. Hosing of horse decks carried out every half hour during the night to reduce temperature. Thermometer reading this morning in main Horse deck 85 o
About 7 AM the "Sydney" whose position has been protecting our port flank, suddenly stoked up and moved very rapidly towards the Cocos Islands. We have no knowledge of any movement of enemy but doubtless will have later. The "Melbourne" which yesterday took up position at head on convoy, has now moved over well in advance of the Port Flank of convoy. Battery work as usual. Twenty men as volunteers

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assisted the ships crew to work coal from No 4 hold to Bunkers. This will involve about a fortnights work. The Captain has allowed each man a pint of beer per day – and doubtless with the very hot weather his action will be appreciated.
Just before noon both the "Melbourne" and "Ibuki" bolted off to the westward but returned in about an hours time. In the meantime our wireless operator was listening at his receiver and presently brought us information that the German Cruiser "Emden" had been run aground (presumably at Cocos Island) to prevent her sinking, and that the "Sydney" was scouting for her merchant colliers. Information was also received that two men had been killed and fourteen wounded in the engagement.
We do not know which ship accounted for the "Emden" but hope it is the "Sydney". We expect the ships May return to the Convoy tomorrow and they will certainly receive a rousing reception.
At 3.15 the "Euripides" drew out of the Column and word was received to hoist Ensign half mast. Apparently another of her men has died, but we have received no information concerning the matter.
Horse returns were again rendered today with result as follows;-
"Karoo" 1, "Marere" 2, "Armadale" 1, "Katuna" 2, "Hymettus" 11, "Shropshire" 2, and "Star of Victoria" 1. Several ships displayed no signals, so I do not know result. "Hymettus" total seems large, but her signals were very clear. Total losses during the last two days according to our readings are therefore 20, which added to previous total makes 75 since leaving Albany.
Total run up to noon today for last 24 hours 244 miles. Position 10o 38’S 97o 2’E. About 630 miles to line. Expect to cross about noon on Thursday.
Lecture tonight to N.C.O.s by Major Hughes. Two more wind sails fitted to Horse deck.

Tuesday 10th November

Another exceedingly hot and trying day. About 1 Am a mare belonging to the AMC gave birth to a foal. She is very frisky this morning and is another addition to ships pets.
We expect another foal arrival in about a week.
The second officer and our signallers on watch report that about 3 AM the "Melbourne" and "Ibuki" rapidly moved forward and later flashes were seen and sounds were heard resembling discharge of ordnance.
At 11.40 the "Medic" drew out of line, and notification came down the Division to hoist Ensign at halfmast. There has evidently been a burial from the "Medic", and as she carries mainly artillery the chances are it is one of our men.

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Two horses sick today. Heat is very trying to them. Men are all at work with only a pair of dungaree trousers as covering – Position at noon 8o05’S, 93o46’ East. Mileage 252.
Splendid news came through today re German ship "Emden", telling us that H.M.A.S. "Sydney" had captured her. I read out the news to the men on Parade, and we all gave lusty cheers.
The following is a copy of the wireless message officially sent out by the "Orvieto".

"Sydney" started off for Cocos at 7 AM. At 9.30 she had sighted the enemy. Travelling at full speed she was able to get within range in 20 minutes, at the same time she signalled that the chase was steering north. At 10.45 "Sydney" was engaging the enemy briskly and at 11.10 the latter had to beach herself to avoid sinking. Her foremast and three funnels were down but the flag was still flying. "Sydney" then went after "Emdens" collier, took the crew off and sank her. "Sydney" returned again to "Emden" who surrendered. The extent and nature of the German casualties are not yet known, but they are bound to be severe. The "Sydneys" own casualties required hospital treatment which was promptly found on "Direction Island". The "Emden" had had time to destroy Wireless Telegraph Station and to cut one of the three cables. A second cable was intact and possibly the third. All the instruments were destroyed excepting one. This had been buried and is in use again. The Wireless Telegraph and Cable operators deserve much praise for sticking to their post, and sending out distress signals, also for saving instruments. "Sydney" will sail for Colombo as soon as she has succeeded in getting German wounded and prisoners on board. The operation May take 24 hours as it presents considerable difficulty."

Naturally such a message (received 1.30 PM) has given us food for conversation. We are all delighted the "Sydney" has done such good work and acquitted herself so well.
The following are censorship arrangements for Colombo. All mails from A.I.F. Transports will be sent to "Orvieto" for censorship. Open letters, plain post cards and urgent telegrams will be passed by Censor for immediate despatch provided all references to ships, places and date are omitted. Closed letters and parcels will be delayed.
This afternoon we noticed one of the New Zealand ships stop and lower a boat. The "Ibuki" steamed off rapidly in her direction, but presently we saw the boat again hauled up into the Davits. Presumably a

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man fell overboard but was promptly rescued.
Terribly hot tonight. By far the worst night we have had yet. Not a movement in the air.

Wednesday 11th November

Again a very hot day, but cool breeze sprang up during afternoon. Men at physical drill, laying & semaphore. Artificers dismantling and cleaning third gun.
Received wireless pointing out that "Emden passed within 20 miles of us on Sunday night, and complained that some masters were not careful enough in darkening ship".
Arranged that mens ration of meat should be reduced and stewed fruit provided in lieu thereof, chilled in cooling chambers.
Lime juice brought out of No 5 hold and made available for troops.
This afternoon "Ascanius" dropped out of line for burial service. This makes the fourth death on the journey from Albany. I think in each case cause of death has been pneumonia supervening on Influenza. About 200 men inoculated against typhoid. I received our first injection tonight. Some of the N.C.O.s refuse to be done, but I think I shall be able to overcome their prejudices.
One horse very sick tonight. I am afraid we shall lose him before morning. Today’s horse casualty list is as follows: - "Wiltshire" 1, "Port Lincoln" 2, "Karoo" 2, "Marere" 1, "clan MacCorquodale" 2, "Armadale" 2, "Shropshire" 1, "Star of Victoria" 1, making a total to date of 95 lost.
Position at noon today 5o25’S, 90o39’E, run for 24 hours 247 miles.
Slept on deck last night, roused about 2 AM by heavy thunder and rain storm, had to shift to more secluded part of deck.

Thursday 12th November

Felt very restless during last night on account of inoculation. Went up on Bridge at 3 AM and read some signal messages. At early dawn "Orvieto", "Melbourne" and "Ibuki" conferred on our flank. Later the "Melbourne" bade farewell and steamed off.
Prior to leaving she sent the two following messages;-
"Captain of "Melbourne" to Commander and Officers of Convoy. "Melbourne" is ordered on other service. On leaving the Australian Convoy with which I have been connected since it first began to move I hope I May be forgiven for any criticisms I have signalled from time to time. Such signals have only been made with a view to the efficient development of this great organisation, and the safety resulting therefrom. I fully understand the difficulties that

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have to be overcome in ships which have no facilities for station keeping, or darkening ship. I am equally certain that the zeal and cooperation of Bridge and Engine room will overcome them, and safely leave the splendid body of men that has been entrusted to them. I wish you "farewell" and "good luck’.
The Second message read. "I hope to hear that the Third Division will continue to keep up its good reputation for keeping such good station. I thank them for having done their utmost in this respect. Good bye, Good luck".
As she steamed past us with her flags showing "Goodbye", "Good luck", we signalled our thanks and Goodbye. The Orvieto signalled "Advance Australia". The "Ibuki" then proceeded to take up her station at head of Convoy, she being the only man’o’war with us. We expected the "Sydney" might have caught us up today from the Cocos with German prisoners and wounded, but perhaps she has gone direct to Colombo. At lunch time a big three funnelled armoured merchantman (we think it was "The Empress of Asia") passed us and signalled "Good luck". With the exception of the "Osterly" this is the only vessel we have seen in our run from Albany.
Sick horse died last night. Post mortem this morning showed it had died from Pnuemonia. This is our first loss since Albany, but we have all done our best and could not save the animal.
This is the day Alvord commences his exam for entrance to Australian Navy. I wish I could send him a helpful cable.
Today the "Hororata" signalled she had 80 cases of measles on board. We luckily have so far had nothing really serious on our ship.
Our position at noon today 2o26’S, 87o38’E days run 255 miles. We had from noon a run of 195 miles to the Equator.
Feel very "groggy" today as a result of inoculation Very severe headache and strong local reaction in the side and under the arms.
Hope to be fit tomorrow. Preparation being made for "Crossing the Line" sports tomorrow. Understand some of the officers are to be victims. Another horse apparently very sick. Horse decks much cooler. There was a good fresh breeze last night and it has continued through the day.

Friday 13th November

Fully recovered from effects of inoculation. A second battery horse died suddenly during the night. The Post mortem showed Pnuemonia to be the cause of death. This morning another Man’o’war appeared in view. It was the "Hampshire". She took up position leading Convoy and the "Ibuki" took up her old position on "Starboard" beam.
At 8 o’clock we received orders to proceed in rear of the New Zealand Convoy

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and the "Anglo Egyptian" and "Karoo" of 1st Division also received similar orders. The New Zealand Fleet with our three boats is moving ahead to Colombo to get in early re watering arrangements etc. As we passed the "Shropshire" I sent a message to Colonel Hobbs informing him that our losses in horses was 2. He replied to the effect that we had done very well. Received message from Flagship prohibiting all leave at Colombo.
We crossed the "line’ about 7.30 AM. Gave all ranks half holiday for ceremonies incidental to the occurrence. At 2 o’clock we found a large canvas tank rigged up and filled with salt water. The "Bosun" as "Father Neptune" came Forth properly attired and with him Doctors, barbers & assistants with their huge combs, scissors and razors also shaving bucket and brush. Headed by Bugles and Kettle drum, they paraded the ship, followed by about 12 stalwart policemen. Presently we saw Capt leslie being led Forth for initiation, then several other officers including my adjutant Colonel Sutton. All took the proceedings in good part excepting one Army medical man who fought vigorously, and in consequence got a more severe ducking than if he had acquiesced at once. Rain fell during the day but did not spoil the proceedings except for the fact that no photo could be taken.
Altogether the men had a good day, finishing up with a concert at night. I sang a few songs and played some accompaniment for the men.
Strict orders again received re censorship of mail matter at Colombo. As we are steaming faster than the main convoy we should be well out of their sight by daylight. The "Hampshire" is with us and the "Ibuki" with the rest of the Convoy.
Nearly all men inoculated. A few still object but I think they will fall in line tomorrow. Run to 12 noon today 260 miles. Position Oo44’N, 84o41’E. New Zealand Convoy disregarding order re floating materials. I counted 27 boxes afloat today, a number I actually saw thrown overboard from the "Waimana", the ship immediately ahead of us.

Saturday 14th November

Almost out of sight of Australian Convoy at dawn. Have not gained much on them. The "Waimana" dropped a horse overboard this morning making their total 7. Balance of men inoculated today. About 30 refused and were placed under arrest for disobedience of orders. At 5PM I had them all paraded, told them of the advantage of inoculation and then ordered them to go to the Hospital for treatment. All but one refused. I therefore called a guard of 40 men, and ordered two men to compulsorily take the first man in. When they found I was determined to be obeyed they "caved in".

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However I kept the guard standing by till all had been done, then I dismissed the Guard and gave the culprits a good talking to.
Have had all the officers tonight on "Sketching". I am afraid some that were handed in were very primitive.
Horses making a big noise just before feeding tonight, and many were neighing. Mr Faulkner, second officer, referred to it as "shouting". The Captain was today watching horses exercising on deck and one animal on nearing an iron bollard put one leg on one side and another leg on the other side.
"Look" said he "that horse has got his after starboard leg on this side of the bollard and his after port leg on the other side." Everybody roared with laughter. Rifle practice today.
Wrote post-cards to Father & Mother, Alvord and Chris ready for posting tomorrow. We are now nearing Colombo. Expect to reach there about 8.30AM tomorrow. I then am ordered ashore to make arrangements at transport Office, Saddlers and Chemist Shops for Australian Convoy’s requirements. Expect to have about 3 hours ashore.
Strong gale has just blown up (10PM) Very heavy wind but – no sea. Run to noon today 248 miles. Position 3o54’N, 82o1’E.

Sunday 15th November

Arrived off Colombo about 9 AM. The Pilot came off to some of the New Zealand fleet first and we had some time to wait. At 10.30 the "Sydney" hove in sight together with the "empress of Russia" not of "Asia" as I previously stated. She was carrying German prisoners and wounded. We had received instructions that there must be no demonstration, and much against our wishes we had to agree. However I hoisted Flag Signals meaning "new South Wales Congratulates you" to which the "Sydney" replied "thank you". We lined up our troops on deck, gave the salute, and dipped the Ensign.
At 11 AM I went ashore in a ships boat with the Adjutant and Capt McGee. The latter took with him a gunner who had an accident the previous day with his false teeth and required dental treatment. I called at transport Office, Times Office and Post Office on official business. Then we waited at the jetty and saw the wounded landed from the "Sydney".
The German wounded were landed in the afternoon. It made a big lump come into my throat to see our lads. Some badly wounded, amputated limbs, burns, etc. It brought home the horrors of war to us. With the exception of those who were very seriously wounded and were

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in evident extreme pain, the remainder were very jolly and apparently happy. I only hope the Government will adequately provide for those who are mutilated. At 1 o’clock we went to the G.O.H. for lunch and when nearly finished Capt McGee looked in. "I am very glad to find you here Colonel" he said. "I want a little extra leave." He then proceeded to explain that Dr Smith (who came in with him) was a dentist who had recommended him to a brother dentist in a small way of business, who would do his gunners’ dental work at a cheap figure. In addition he drove Capt McGee in his car to this dentist’s residence about 11/2 miles out, near the Cinnamon Gardens. The necessary dental work could not be completed till evening so Capt McGee wanted more leave. This I granted. Dr Smith then invited Mr Jopp and myself to go out with him after lunch in his car. At 2.30 we left the G.O.H., went to the R.A. Mess and left cards, then on to the Galle Face Hotel, thence on to Mount Lavinia, returning to the jetty at 5PM. We there met our Ships Captain who took us to afternoon tea. The motor drive was most enjoyable. The beautiful palms, narrow roads, oxen, Cingalese men, women and children, the beautiful foliage and fine bungalows made a very pleasing impression.
I much admire the beautiful copper coloured skin of the Cingalese men, many of whom are a fine type. The little children are very quaint and pretty. Dr Smith invited me when returning to Australia to look him up again. Capt McGee stayed to dinner with him, and I have chaffingly told him that if he can pick up a similar friend in every port of call, with a car to place at our disposal, we will get some false teeth smashed at regular intervals.
On the way back to the Ship we called at the "Sydney". I left cards and had a few minutes chat with Lieut Bell Satter of Sydney. He told us the "Emden" put 11 shots into them, her first two being fired at a range of 11000 yards. The Germans lost 112 killed, about 80 wounded and the rest prisoners, except 40 who were destroying the Wireless Station when engagement commenced and appropriating a schooner on the other side of Cocos Island, got away. The Kaiser’s nephew is a prisoner. I wish I could have participated in this engagement. Our fellows deserve all praise. Colombo is a very beautiful spot. The breakwater has made a good harbour and there are about 40 anchorage buoys. The Convoy has of course filled up the whole roadstead. In addition to the Russian 5 funnel "Askold" and the Japanese

"Ibuki" there are also innumerable small steamers, schooners, Arab Dhows, and all sorts of small craft at Catamaran. We saw about 20 of these latter at Mt Lavinia drawn up on the Sandy Beach. The buildings are very good, and the natives in their many coloured but scanty dress, and the rickshaws make a splendid picture. I could spend a week here very easily indeed.
The "Anglo Egyptian" is moored alongside us and we have transferred 50 tons of chaff from the ship to ours. About half of it is very wet, heated and fermented and will be practically of no use.

Monday 16th November

Awakened at 6 AM by firing of two sunrise guns in quick succession. About 1.30 AM this morning Capt McGee came aboard in a greatly disturbed state of mind. His gunner had failed to be at the G.O.H. at the appointed time and he had to return alone to the ship. To make matters worse the launch which brought him off did not know where our ship was lying and he had an hours search in the Anchorage before he reached home. I told him to take a boat’s crew ashore early this morning and find the missing lad. Later they returned with him, and it transpired he had been at the Hotel the whole evening, so I informed Capt McGee that it was apparent his Doctor friend’s dinner had been too good, and in consequence his vision must have been affected.
We drew off from the "Anglo Egyptian" about 8.30 AM. I left at that time with a boat’s crew, visited the "Medic", met Major Bessel Browne and the Officers of the 8th Battery, then on to the "Geelong" to meet the officers of the 9th Battery, then on to "Katuna" to see 9th Battery Horses. Major Hughes, Mr Jopp and Capt McLennan accompanied me. Returned to "Rangatua" at 12.30 at her anchorage in the roads. Early this morning some Cingalese came aboard selling papers. One of them in some way was left on the boat and is now in a great state of mind as to whether he will ever get ashore again. Have just received wireless informing me that 1st and 2nd Divisions are to leave tomorrow at 11 AM and our Division will leave at 6PM. They will thus get about 70 miles start of us. We expect to go into harbour early for water. Sent off a boat’s crew tonight with letters for "Orvieto" but owing to a strong current they were unable to

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get more than ½ a mile from our ship in over an hours rowing, so they returned, taking only 7 minutes.
The Port is a beautiful sight tonight. The town and shipping lights also all the signalling lamps at mast heads making it very gay in effect.

Tuesday 17th November

Units at work as usual. Lieut Urquhart Ross and Clowes and Capt McLennan went ashore in launch. I asked them to get me a few photo frames of Eastern design, for my family photos in my cabin, but they brought me back Common English frames. Launch brought off a big supply of cocoanuts, oranges and bananas. Cingalese returned to shore. Sent letter to "Orvieto" by Capt Matson, who had called in a launch to deliver veterinary requirements. Second and Third Divisions of Convoy together with New Zealand ships left Port at 10 AM. The "Hampshire" escorted them. We left at 7 PM escorted by the "Ibuki". We are now formed into two divisions of which the second is led by our ship. We expect to overtake the main convoy in about 36 hours. Beautifully cool today. Horse decks have much benefited. All horses so far well. Search lights from forts playing round harbour tonight and shipping illuminated makes a pretty sight. Quite a number of fishing boats out around the fleet. Another stage of our long journey entered upon.

Wednesday 18th November

When I appeared at the Bridge at 7AM this morning, India was showing up on our starboard bow. The mountains appeared very high and rugged and capped with clouds. I can at lEast say I have seen India. Spent the morning preparing ranging model. After lunch a number of the Officers had some practise on it. We have now taken up station as leader of Second portion of Third Division. It means a big relief to our Ships Officers. As I write at 8.30 PM a cluster of electric lights is burning on main deck. Some of the men are dancing to music supplied by an Accordeon, some are card playing and some reading. All are in their pyjamas for it is a close night. The sea has been as still and smooth as glass today, and the sunset this evening was particularly fine.

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Have just been in Signal Communication with Col Hobbs. He tells me he has lost 8 horses. We are fortunate for so far we have only lost four. I asked Major Christian how he was getting on with his horses, but I cannot get a reply. We are now travelling in two lines of 5 ships each with the "Ibuki" leading us. Horses are making an awful row through the ship. They are fed at 9 o’clock and well they know it. They stamp and whinney for some time prior to feeding. Attended Battery N.C.Os lecture tonight. Position at noon 7o45’N, 76o 44’E. days run 191 miles.

Thursday 19th November

Units at work at Usual Parades. Arranged ranging model for work during afternoon. Made use of Director and Landscape drawing for Officers class in sketching. Ranging during the afternoon with all officers. Myriads of flying fish about the boat all day. Smoke visible ahead of main convoy. Plenty of boxes and other debris floating past us, clearly indicating the path traversed by previous ships. Had a game of bridge tonight with Captain Jopp and Colonel Sutton. This afternoon commenced rehearsal with Double Quartette party. Some very fair voices.
Attended Lieut Urquharts lecture at night. Days run to noon 268 miles. Position at noon 8o58’N, 72o23’E.

Friday 20th November

At daylight Australian Convoy and New Zealand Convoy about 15 miles ahead. Lead column formation retained.
Squads at signalling, gun laying, fuze setting, etc. Arranged model range. Ranging in afternoon for all officers.
Oral exam for all the N.C.O.s
"Afric" which has fallen behind ordered to change places with "Ascanius". We are now travelling at 13 knots and have just passed main portion of Australian Convoy. Our orders in this Division are to proceed to Aden to coal, and I understand we are then to steam straight home. As this Division can do 13 knots we should reach England about a week ahead of main Convoy.
Position at noon 10o8’N, 68o0’E. Mileage 269

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Saturday 21st November

At daylight our Convoy was very mixed up owing to the fact that during the night a collision had occurred between "Ascanius" and "Shropshire". We had to wait some time for them and in consequence the main Australian Convoy had overtaken us. Tonight we are again well ahead, and the Australian Convoy is out of Sight astern.
Ranging during afternoon. Details of all units at work during morning. "Washing" afternoon for the men. Very good concert tonight of about eighteen items. The Captain attended with our officers. Capt McLennan gave us a splendid recitation. He is a "dark horse".
Made arrangements for issue to each O.C. Unit of Red Cross goods. Run to noon today 289 miles. Position 11o17’N, 63o14’E.

Sunday 22nd November

All units at Stables and Signallers on Bridge. Ranging with officers. Church Service in evening. Beautiful day, again innumerable flying fish. Wrote to Nell and the boys also Father and Mother. Received wireless that letters to Australia from Aden would not be subject to censorship. Run to noon today 298 miles. Position 12o23’N. 58o17’E.

Monday 23rd November

Run today 298 miles. Position 13o11’N, 53o16’E. Very warm day. Signallers, Gun layers, and gun detachments at work. Ranging for officers. Had a game of bridge with Captain, Col Sutton and Capt Dixon. Horses in splendid Condition.

Tuesday 24th November

Today’s run 290 miles. Position at noon 12o57’N, 48o19’E. Was finally inoculated for typhoid, together with a number of officers. All units at work including Physical exercises. Coaling nearing Completion. Very hot day. Numbers of flying fish again seen also porpoises. An Arab Dhow passed us in early morning in full sail and made a very pretty sight. Fleet slowed down a little so as to reach Aden not before daylight tomorrow.

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Wednesday 25th November

Arrived off Aden at 5 o’clock. I went up on the Bridge at 5.30 and remained there till we anchored about 8 o’clock. A very rugged group of cliffs marks both sides of the Entrance to Port, rocks appearing to be volcanic. The whole country is exceedingly desolate. A large number of Imperial transports are in harbour, evidently having taken home Indian troops, and now returning empty. The H.M.A.S. "Sydney" was also in Port. She left after us at Colombo, and must have passed us during our first night out.
As we entered Port she steamed away at a good speed in the direction of Perim. We delivered our mails during the morning to H.M.S. "Hampshire", going over with the Captain in one of the Ships boats, and returning to the "Rangatua" at 1 PM.
Aden looks a very forlorn spot. No signs of vegetation. Groups of buildings, Forts, Signal stations and Clock tower were all the points of interest visible from our anchorage. As we did not go inside we could not see the inner harbour. Felt a little seedy after inoculation.
Received through Courtesy of local agents of "Rangatua", files of Reuters cables, and Orvieto also sent me a full account of the "Emden" fight. After dinner I assembled all the officers in the Smoke room and read the news out to them.
We are under orders to leave Aden at 6AM tomorrow. Numbers of boats have been around us today endeavouring to do business with their wares.

Thursday 26th November

Weighed anchor at 5.30AM, ships got into station during the next hour and about 7AM we got a fair move off from Aden.
The Japanese Man o’ War "Ibuki" which acted as escort from Australia is going no further, and last night a message of thanks was sent to her captain from "Orvieto". This morning as we passed her she was flying several groups of flags which on reference to International Code read as follows: - "I wish you further victories. Goodbye.". We now only have the "Hampshire" with us, a ship somewhat about the size of "Sydney" or "Melbourne".
We have passed several British Transports today returning to India.

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I received a message from the "Katuna" today stating that they had lost 12 horses since leaving Tasmania, five of which belonged to the third F.A. Brigade. I am now waiting to receive a message as to losses on the "Medic". Our losses so far since leaving Melbourne total four. Colonel Everett of the "Star of England" informed me they had lost 14 horses on their ship.
The Arabian coast and Country beyond is absolutely void of vegetation and appears to consist of nothing but rock and sand. We reached Perim at about 4 PM, and it too appears a desolate place. The Signal Station and Coaling station, also I believe a British Garrison are the only evidence of life. A Russian vessel entered the Port just as we passed. Just before reaching Perim we passed some very prominent peaks right on the coast line, with what appeared to be mud houses built upon the slopes, one particular cottage being right at the summit of the highest peak.
During the night we passed Moccha and islands in the Red Sea. All lights are extinguished, being controlled by Turkey.
Exceedingly hot day but evening fairly cool with good breeze.

Friday 27th November

This morning early we passed Jebel Tir with its Lighthouse. New Zealand transports now out of sight ahead. Four British Transports passed us today returning to India, removal of coal to bunkers completed after about three weeks work, but as the ship provided a midday pint of beer for all workers in the coal, I am of opinion the job has been unduly drawn out. Gun layers and fuze setters at work, also signallers. Exceedingly hot and trying day, by far the worst we have had so far. I spent the morning reading but found it very hard work owing to the heat. During the afternoon made use of the Plasticine model to illustrate method of supplying Ammunition in the Field. Capt McGee and Lieut Jenkinson representing D.A.C. and B.A.C. respectively dealt with their particular units, and Capt Leslie dealt with Battery Ammunition Supply.
Col Sutton then followed with a description of the method of evacuation of wounded from field of Battle, and illustrated lecture on the model. While this lecture was in progress the "Orvieto", "Geelong", and "Hampshire" steamed ahead. The "Geelong" lowered a boat which apparently went to the "Orvieto". It rather looks as if a Court Martial was being held. Just as the sun was setting the "Orvieto" & "Hampshire"

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which were by then some distance in rear, moved ahead again, but the "Geelong" is still a long way in rear. As one of my Battery Commanders is on the "Geelong" I will doubtless hear full details later.
Tomorrow afternoon the ship is to have a series of sports events. Tonight the boxing events were concluded. We had a group of electric lights and the men were arranged around as in an amphitheatre. Major Hughes was Referee. Jopp and Clowes judges, and McClennan time keeper. All seemed to thoroughly enjoy the evening, but I can see no fun or pleasure in boxing.
While these events were in progress we afterwards ascertained that a private message had been sent through from "Shropshire" stating that she was to draw out of line at 8 o’clock for a burial. We do not know who has died, officer or man, but it is doubtless an artilleryman. Night terribly hot. Captain assures us we shall only have a couple of days hot weather to face and then the weather will gradually pass through cool to cold. We are now in proper Convoy formation, all ships being together. As I write several officers have come into the smoke room, all in pyjamas for our 9.30 drink of cold lime juice. It is very acceptable these nights. We have now had a lime juice issue daily since nearing Colombo. Most of us sleep out on the deck at night.

Saturday 28th November

Another terribly trying day. Temperature in horse deck up to 100o. If this is Red Sea winter I can duly appreciate the fact that it was not our misfortune to come on this journey with horses during the Summer Season. Rather an "off" day. Ordinary routine work and drill during the morning. Sports in the afternoon. Just before men’s midday meal a series of tug of war contests took place, the units providing teams being Head Quarters, battery (2 teams) B.A.C. and D.A.C. (the AAM.C for some inexplicable reason held out of all sports). The D.A.C. team proved to be winner with the Head Quarters team "runner up". During the afternoon sports of all kinds were held - Potato race, Alarm & Obstacle races, Rooster in the ring, Sling the monkey, etc, also the finals of the tugs of war, and a special match between Officers and Sergeants. I was anchor man for the officers. We won, much to the disgust of the Sergeants. At night the men had a very good concert. While at dinner at night Capt McGee of

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the D.A. Column, made a statement to the effect that their "anchor man" in the winning Tug of War was the most powerful man on the Ship. He weighs 17 stone 3 lbs and is a hefty farmer. I could not stand this, so there and then issued a challenge to pull him after the concert at night. This raised no end of excitement in the Dining Salon. However Capt McGee at once went out, consulted his man (generally known as "Tiny") and coming back notified his acceptance of the Challenge. Then betting commenced. Some of our officers backed me, while two officers of the D.A.C. and the Chief Engineer backed "Tiny". After the concert we set to work, and I proved to be the winner by the best two out of three pulls. For a few moments I was quite a hero, and am now acknowledged the "strong" man of the ship.

During the morning we received a wireless message notifying that instructions had been received for Troops to go to Cairo in Egypt for final training, and from there proceed direct to the Front. Under these circumstances we do not know how long it will be before we see England – if ever. The "Orvieto" has gone on ahead and the "Euripides" now leads the Convoy. Yesterday’s return for horses showed about 9 deaths since previous return. Fortunately no losses on our ship, Medic or Katuna, which carry artillery horses.

Sunday 29th November

A much cooler day. Early this morning a strong breeze arose, which has cooled the horse decks and ship generally very much indeed. We heard today that a death had occurred on the "Suffolk", one of the ships crew having succumbed to heat. This makes six deaths during the voyage. Measles broke out on our ship yesterday, two cases being isolated from the D.A.C. They had evidently carried infection from Broad Meadows camp in Melbourne, where they were stationed during our delay in Melbourne. As a consequence we are now faced with the problem of disinfecting all clothing, blankets, etc of all troops on board. In view of the fact that we expect to land either at Port Said or Alexandria we shall not have much time. This will very much interfere with our training, particularly that for first aid which had been arranged for the last fortnight at sea prior to reaching England. This latter instruction will now have to be given when we reach camp. Church Service this evening.

Monday 30th November

A howling wind blowing all night. Today

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we have had an exceedingly strong head wind with plenty of "White Horses". Great drop in temperature about 25o. Marching order inspection of all units today in view of early disembarkation. Two horses bad with Colic last night. Improved this morning. Ships boats swung inboard in preparation for Suez canal. Fumigation continued today. One more case of measles. Commenced packing of Head Quarters stores, Completed checking of Harness of all units. Mr Jenkinson’s hopelessly mixed. Red Cross issues made to all units. Wrote special letter to Nell. Tonight roaring winds and heavy sea. Most beautiful sunset behind the African hills just as we entered the Gulf of Suez. Mount Sinai ranges showing up prominently in Arabia. All ships are now proceeding in Single line. All told about 20 miles in length. Expect to reach Suez before lunch tomorrow. Run to noon today about 250 miles.

Tuesday 1st December

Reached Suez about 8.30 AM. Though very desolate the Country looked very picturesque in the morning Sunlight. Harbour full of ships. Trading boats at once surrounded all ships and I am sure cleaned out all the last week’s pay of men on our ship. water taken in about 60 tons. Received instructions to disembark at Alexandria and to proceed through canal this evening. Also instructed to have armed guard posted on ship to reply to possible hostile fire from banks of Canal. Accordingly 56 men have been armed and posted to positions. In addition two 18prs have been made ready on deck on suitable bearings of sandbags. If required they will certainly be used. I had a photo taken this afternoon of all military and Ships officers on the ship. I hope they turn out successfully. This afternoon all new Zealand Ships and two men o’ war entered the canal and tonight X Division with a couple of W Division are going through. As I write the "Wiltshire" is ahead of us in the Canal, and the "Argyleshire" and "Shropshire" following – all have their electric search lights. The Pilot of this ship who is a Frenchman has just informed me he has been Piloting on the Canal for 27 years, yet this is the first ship he has ever taken from Suez to Ismailia. He always works from Ismailia to Port Said in Suez, returning to Ismailia by train. Plenty of cheering along the bank from workmen on the Canal. Tomorrow 30 Troop ships are due at Suez from India. We expect to reach Port Said about 11 tomorrow. No chance to post letters today.

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Wednesday 2nd December

Arrived at Port Said at 8.33 AM. Just 13 hours less 1 minute from Suez. Almost a record run. I am informed when the King visited Delhi his ship took 13 hours, which was up to then a record trip. The journey through the Canal proved very interesting. On the left Bank the fresh water canal runs, and has a fair amount of vegetation on its banks. On the right bank there is nothing but a desolate waste. We had no occasion to use firearms during our journey through the Canal. Troops lined the banks, mostly Indian and Egyptian to the extent of 35,000, and on the Right (East) Bank the Country has been flooded from the sea to a distance of 15 miles inland by 8 mile wide. This makes an effective barrier against invasion from Arabian territory. We saw innumerable flocks of pelicans and flamingos. As we neared Port Said an armoured train passed us, carrying troops, evidently for the canal. As we arrived at Port Said a veritable hive of industry opened up before us. The New Zealand transports had arrived ahead of us, and with innumerable other ships all coaling, and several French and British Man o War (among the latter being the "Swiftsure") made a very busy scene. We were anchored just off the Custom House. The Anchorage is full of trading boats and presents a very lively scene indeed. We are taking in coal and water here. The French Men O War are carrying Hydroplanes for use in the Canal Zone. We moored our vessel about 10.30 AM. Immediately surrounded by native trading boats. Coaling operations commenced. It was exceedingly interesting to watch how this work was carried out by natives and how rapidly it was done. During the afternoon Colonel Sutton, Capt McLennan, Mr Jopp and myself pulled off to the "Orvieto" regarding certain returns, etc. Walter Hounain came on board to same from "Maunganui". He is electrician on board. He told me an A.M.C. officer was killed in the "Neptune" celebrations through diving into shallow tank. I have been informed that this evening we go to an anchorage some distance outside canal, so have arranged for all officers to go ashore this evening returning by launch later to steamer. Visited several ships and walked round the town generally. Much interested in the market quarter. Peculiar trams, many donkeys, persistent guides and hawkers. At 9.30 found we could not get our launch. Nearly all have been commandeered and are being used as river boats fitted with maxims. We could only arrange with the "Ports and Lights’ office to go aboard the "Swiftsure". I obtained copy of November navy list (from the Consular Officer) which

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shows Charley posted to H.M.S. "Charybdis", and also date of posting, etc. We all stayed the night at the "Eastern Exchange Hotel" and had a good look through newspaper files available in the Reading room.

Thursday 3rd December

Reached Customs House landing place at 6.45 AM. Took boat on to the "Swiftsure". While waiting for the Torpedo boat we were shown all over the vessel. At 7.30 we left in Torpedo boat, had an interesting run through the Shipping at about 15 Knots, called at a Picket Torpedo boat doing duty outside, and then headed for the "Rangatua". We had an interesting time while reaching our ship. The boat plunged into the waves and rolled very much. Many of us got a wetting. When we reached our ship it was impossible to get alongside owing to the heavy swell, consequently our ship lowered a boat. The 4th Officer took charge with an Artillery crew. Gradually the Torpedo boat got alongside the Ships boat, and the fun commenced. As each big roller came along the Torpedo boat bumped the ships boat alarmingly. One by one we jumped off one boat into the other, and just as we were all off there came a particularly big roller which mixed us up a little, and dashed the Torpedo boat against us, stoving in the side, and in consequence we shipped a great deal of water. Gradually we got back to the "Rangatua", and we had a difficult task to get to the davit falls. These hooked we were hauled up clear of the water, and then got aboard per medium of a rope ladder. Capt McGee was greatly excited, was sure we were going to sink and as soon as he saw the Ships rope ladder within reach, he shinned up first at a great turn of speed. He much resented my remark later, when I observed he was first up the ladder, and wanted to know if I questioned his courage.

Friday 4th December

Still at anchor. We do not yet know when we will be leaving here for Alexandria, but expect it will be tomorrow or Sunday. Assistant wireless Operator left ship this morning to be returned to Australia. The Ship’s captain also went off in a Torpedo boat. This boat returned about 4.30 PM, and dropped Captains of several Transports at anchor. While sea was very smooth in the morning when they left, it was very rough when they returned, and as a consequence our Captain had a hard job getting back to his ship. The Torpedo boat could not safely come along side so a boat had to be lowered. The Captain and crew

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had eventually to scramble up a ships ladder hung over the side, and the boat was left astern till morning when perhaps the sea will be smoother. Many Transports here waiting for orders. The "Argyleshire" is just behind us with all the N.S.W. Artillery. Another horse foaled tonight, quite an unexpected arrival. As we are so near to disembarkation the foal had to be destroyed. As I write one of the gunners is playing an Accordeon on the deck, and the crowd is singing all sorts of songs. Have been sorting my clothes today and packing same. Wrote letter to Charley and John Halford and had same taken ashore. Units at work at Gundrill, laying, Semaphore, and rifle exercises. Now getting all gear sorted up ready for going ashore. Most glorious sunset this evening at about 4.45. Days are very short and nights quite cold. A marked contrast to the Red Sea.

Saturday 5th December

Dull and wet morning, clearing off in afternoon. Two New Zealand ships returned here today from Alexandria, having disembarked their troops. They are apparently returning to New Zealand. Heard yesterday of loss of H.M.S. Bulwark. On looking through the navy list today I notice that eleven cadets who belonged I think to Charley’s term went down on her, and another 10 in the Monmouth. We are all preparing on board ship for packing. Units getting their blankets and camp equipment (also landing ration) ready. We shall be very glad to finish the journey. We are still anchored here but on present appearances expect to leave tomorrow evening. Again a beautiful red sunset, enhanced by the movement of two hydroplanes passing over our ships and being silhouetted against the evening sky. Chief Steward arranged a special dinner tonight. He did things very well indeed. I have given him letters to his own Company and Shaw Savill, telling them of the satisfactory carrying out of his duties.
A chorus just outside the Smoke room is singing "It’s a long long way to Tipperary", and others singing "It’s along long way to Sunny Queensland". All seem very happy and anxious to get to serious work.

Sunday 6th December

Another very nice day. Early this morning the 10 Australian transports here moved anchorage to allow Indian transports to take up our old position. Nine came out of port today. A French Hydroplane has been circling over us this morning and afternoon, once or twice coming down on to the water.

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I had Major Bessell Browne, Major Burgess and Capt Waite to lunch. Discussed many matters with them. Reduced to ranks two of major Burgess’ men for drunkenness. Officers returned to their respective ships at 5PM. Church service this evening. Band performing on the "Geelong" near by. Music sounded very nice coming over the water. Major Burgess is to visit our ship again in the morning re further disciplinary measures. Have not yet received instructions to proceed to Alexandria.

Monday 7th December

Slept in this morning. Did not wake till 7 AM. French Hydroplane flying about all the morning. Major Burgess and Lieut Gee came over from "Geelong". Wrote home to Nell, Alvord and Chris, also sent photo to Nell of leaving Brisbane, Church parades in Melbourne, and group of Officers on ship, taken at Port said. Convoy of 24 Indian Transports left Port Said today escorted by a French Man o’ War. They made a very effective show. Beautiful mirage effect about 9 AM this morning in the direction of Port Said. Sent mails off to "Wiltshire" at 2PM. Col Sutton visited his section on "Medic". "Wiltshire" signalled tonight that "Southern", "Anglo Egyptian" and herself were leaving for Alexandria. It looks as if we have done well with our horses and we are to remain till the last. We are all very anxious to get ashore. Our horses look very well, particularly "Jack" who is by far the best-looking horse on the ship.

Tuesday 8th December

Still at Anchorage. Very disconcerting hanging about so long. Invite Major Parker and two subalterns from "Medic" to lunch. They brought the veterinary Officer with them and had a good look around the ship. During the afternoon a French hydroplane soared over us, took the water several times and made a very pretty show. Received word this evening to move off in time to reach Alexandria tomorrow at 2 PM. We are to leave at 11 tonight. Two serious cases of appendicitis. They are to be removed to Hospital for operation immediately on arrival. Had a game of bridge with the Captain, Col Sutton and Capt Dixon. This makes the third game I have had since leaving Brisbane. I shall be very glad to see our horses landed. They have had a desperately long journey and every day more tells on them.

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Wednesday 9th December

Sailed at 11 last night for Alexandria reaching entrance to harbour at 12.30PM. Pilot came aboard and took us in to an Anchorage. Two acute appendicitis cases landed for operation. Adjutant and myself went ashore in Police Launch. Interviewed embarkation officers – arranged for berth no 60 for tomorrow.
Obtained a good deal of detailed information. Saw Major Gellibrand, received from him authority re coaling wages for men. Police launch took us back to ship. Mr Dowson, assistant Director of Coast Guards took us and stayed to dinner with us. He is a marine officer and very entertaining in conversation. He has been here 10 years.
Eighty one men again broke leave tonight and went ashore in bum boats. Toast to the King at Dinner, also captain and officers of Ship.

Thursday 10th December

Moved into berth at 1 o’clock. Raising of Horse brows and removal of Hospital patients prevented disembarkation commencing before 2.15PM. Arranged for Head quarters, 7th Battery and A.M.C. to proceed by first train. Loading of horses successfully carried out. Three men injured (not seriously) from kicks. Train moved off at 8.20 PM. Unloading of vehicles and stores continued to 9.30PM. Then gave general leave to remainder on board. Interview with Major Gellibrand, Commander Parker and Captain re payment to men for coaling. Arranged to refer to Captain who will minute the correspondence, then I shall forward claim to Head Quarters for settlement. During the afternoon a horse broke away, galloped a mile, then jumped into the harbour. He was rescued with difficulty, but appeared uninjured. Foal was left on board and given to the Chief Officer whose father has a farm in England. The Ship seems deadly quiet. The town is very interesting especially the native quarter. An enormous amount of shipping in port, including 22 German prizes. Good news tonight of the sinking of the "Gneisenau", "Scharnhorst" and "Dresden" by Admiral Sturdee’s squadron off the Falkland islands. Sick A.M.C. horse shot. Letters received from Nell dated Oct 16th, and Nov 1st.

Friday 11th December

All remaining units at work early excepting Infantry detail, who refuse duty and were placed in guard room. B.A.C. and D.A.C. units left by train at 5.40PM. horses went on

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train splendidly. Telephoned Cairo for an officer and 20 men to take over Infantry details. These arrived about 8.30PM. Handed over unit.
Unloading of vehicles proceeded all through the night till 4 AM. All very tired.

Saturday 12th December

Left Alexandria at 4 AM. Reaching Cairo at 10.15. Bitterly cold in train. Stood on platform of carriage from daylight till Cairo was reached. Most beautiful Delta country, irrigated and every inch cultivated. Barley, maize, cotton, sugarcane, and vegetables growing luxuriantly. At intervals we passed Arab villages and occasional grave yards. Houses very quaint, generally built of mud. Date Palms in abundance. Interesting wheels to raise water from canal levels to level of ground to be irrigated. Country full of Arab men, women and children journeying both ways along canal banks, some riding donkeys, mules, buffaloes and camels. I should love to ride through this Country on horseback at my leisure. In nearly all the villages we passed through, many minarets could be seen. On arrival at Cairo we at once detrained, unloaded vehicles and spent the day assembling parts for final removal of vehicles to camp.
Arranged for parties to come in from Mena to assist. Left Mr Ross in charge, and came to camp arriving at 11 PM. Met Mr Parker who directed me to 3rd Brigade lines. Very tired and slept soundly till 8 AM.
Before coming out I met Tasmanian and W. Australian Second trains and assisted to detrain their vehicles.

Sunday 13th December

Breakfasted "Al Fresco", as much sand as food. Pyramids looming up in front of the camp. The camp is pitched on very sandy country but quite close to Pyramids and Mena House. Today the chief Pyramid has been covered with soldiers, clambering all over it. I have spent the day in looking after Brigade generally. I reported to Colonel Hobbs this morning. Have arranged for Brigade Mess to be run by ourselves. Mr Clowes to be mess Secretary.
Had a visit from Majors King and Rabett, Capt McLaughlin and Lieuts Olding and Thornthwaite. I hope to see my old Battery tomorrow.
General Bridges and Colonel White rode around the camp this afternoon. Getting my own tent settled. Have fine E.P. about 21’ x 14’. I shall use it also as my private office and will be very comfortable.

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Received two letters from Nell yesterday and one from Alvord. Nell’s last letter acknowledged receipt of ?20 sent to her. An old letter from Mr Baron received also one from Mr Philp in England. He wants to join us as a gunner if he can get across here.
Camp is full of small mule and donkey teams and wagons, doing all the transport work for the troops. Train lines are laid through the camp for supply of materials, etc, and various macadamised roads are also being made. The camp is a huge show. The Accommodation House at foot of Pyramids, known as Mena House has been turned into a Hospital, and all Australian nurses are stationed there. The large swimming pool is made available for troops, 100 swimming at a time. Hope to find time in a few days to visit both Mena House and the Pyramids. We never expected we should get into this part of the world. I understand we are to stay here till March, certainly till the cold weather is over at the front. Just killed a fine healthy specimen of a mosquito.

Monday December 14th

Very cold night. Beautifully fresh morning. Strenuous work all day getting tents for Units, having some erected and getting in stores and vehicles. It will take a few days to settle down. Majors King and Rabett also Lt Olding called along to see me. I have not yet had time to look at the old battery. Infantry are moving out in the mornings now to the accompaniment of their Bands. Lecture tonight by Major Hughes on "Artillery Tactics".

Tuesday 15th December

Again very cold crisp night. Went into Cairo with Major Browne to see about 8th Battery vehicles and B.A.C. vehicles. Had lunch at Kan el Nil barracks. Afterwards visited three shops to arrange for enamelled mess kit, it having been decided that all officers shall join in a Brigade Mess. Shops close from 1PM to 3 PM, so we did not quite complete our task before returning to camp. Had an Arab guide with us, the son of the Sheik of Mena Village right against our camp. He explained many things to us, incidentally telling us of his approaching marriage, and the customs in connection therewith. These guides are evidently feeling the loss of trade in connection with tourists, there being no "Season" this year. We are trying to learn Arabic.

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Wednesday 16th December

Some tables and forms arrived for the Brigade. Erected the officers mess tents. Mess gear came out from town. All units settling down and vehicles coming along gradually. Horses being exercised daily. Trumpeters receiving instruction. Have arranged for Brigade and Battery Head Quarters, also Trumpeters and Officers patrols to form one large class for instruction by myself, Adjutant and Lt Clowes. Lecture given tonight by Capt Waite, OC. BAC, on Ammunition Supply, illustrated by diagrams. All Sergts and Sergt Majors and officers attended. Arranged to start our mess tomorrow. Another foal arrived a day or two ago, this time in 7th battery. It will surely become the Battery pet. Jack looks splendid. Gordon, the coach driver at Port Hacking, spoke to me last night. He has joined the Infantry.

Thursday 17th December

Again bitterly cold night. Brigade classes commenced, consisting of H.Qrs Battery Staffs, Trumpeters etc. Work established and signalling commenced. Mr Jopp drew pay for HQrs. Other units also drawing pay. Units getting the horses into working trim. B.A.C. gradually getting vehicles etc together. Signalling with lamps with class from 7 to 8.30PM. Major Martin RAE promised to give us assistance with Mess kitchens etc.

Friday 18th December

Early start with Signallers. Lecture to whole class from 9 to 10.30 on "Reconnaissance duties". Officers mess fairly going. Major Rabett and Col Johnstone called on me. Horses all looking very well. Jack very much scared of camels. Mess Kitchen erected. Materials to hand for store and cooking trench. Engineers will assist us tomorrow. Arabic class commencing tonight. Interpreter Mr Suki attached to us. French and German classes commencing at Headquarters. Regret I know nothing of the languages and therefore it is useless to attend with those who already have a fair knowledge. Lecture tonight by Major Burgess on "Employment of Artillery in War" in conjunction with other arms. Good discussion.
Major Nicholson called in to listen. Rabett and Lloyd called this afternoon. I strolled into 1st Brigade lines. Saw Callaghan. Arabic class

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commenced tonight after lecture. Hope to learn to speak fairly well while here. All officers given a start tonight with verbs, nouns, sentences etc.

Sunday 19th December

Very solid day getting returns completed and seeing units fitted out with camp equipment.
Engineers erected camp cooking fire for our mess, and will erect camp oven on Monday. Gave lecture to all specialists this morning. Signalling morning and afternoon. Arabic class at night. Several officers on leave. Had ride on Jack for first time since leaving Melbourne. He is very fit. Called on Playfair at Hospital.

Sunday 20th December

Checking over all vehicles this morning. Found correct. Church parades all over the camp from 9.30 to 10.30 this morning. Our C of E service conducted by Dean Talbot. Band from Infantry very "sick" indeed. This afternoon had large party of specialists out doing patrol work and doing helio work in addition. Very useful afternoon. Spent evening in writing home letters. Beautiful sight this morning from our church parade ground. The tents of various kinds, horses, vehicles, moving bodies of troops, sand hills, Pyramids, Palm trees and cultivation were all visible in one panorama. Hope to be able to secure a photograph showing everything. Colonel Hobbs wife and daughter have arrived at Cairo, also Major Parker’s wife. Mr Rogers wife who is a nurse at Mena House completes the party of W.A. wives. Mrs Christian is also at Cairo. I wish I could afford to bring my family here. No such luck. British protectorate established in Egypt. Special function in Cairo at which some of our Australian troops were present officially.

Monday 21st December

Solid work throughout the Brigade. Teaching my class use of helio, also on model for reconnaissance. Out mounted in the afternoon. Lecture at night by Major Browne on Horse mustership and fitting of saddlery. We had a horse in the mess tent as a model. Arabic class afterwards. Posted letter to Nell, Alvord & Chris, also parents.

Tuesday 22nd December

Out signalling all the morning with Brigade class, and using Artillery abbreviations. In the afternoon I took a party

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of 50 mounted men for reconnaissance duties, past the Pyramids and round the Sphinx. Very interesting old ruins. I have not yet ascended the chief Pyramid ("Cheops")
Lecture to Brigade class tonight on "Message Form". Capt Marks returned from his trip to Luxor, and Lloyd of 1st Brigade called in re Head Quarters signalling class. Arranged to let my Brigade H.Q. Signallers attend. A horse died today in 8th Battery from sand ‘colic’.

Wednesday 23rd December

Paraded at Col Hobbs office this morning with Brigade Commanders concerning detention and promotion of officers. Endorsed my previous recommendation re Jopp and Gee. Prepared plasticine model to illustrate lecture on "Contours". Mr Clowes explained "Conventional Signs". Practical map re4ading during afternoon. Col Hobbs came out and asked for recommendations for promotion of 2nd Lieutenant. I recommended all excepting Jenkinson. Lecture at night. "Billets &Bivouacs". Col Hobbs and full staff attended. Talked afterwards with Rabett and King.

Thursday 24th December

I interviewed Major Gellibrand at 8.30 AM re coaling on board "Rangatua", also Capt Matson re drugs for horses urgently required. Major Austin informed me Molasses etc from Alexandria was coming forward, and asked for fatigue party as "consideration". Out all day with Patrols. Passed through an interesting Arab village where we were very curiously observed. Further on we passed a Police station, belonging to Coast Guard Service in preventing smuggling.
Here there were Soudanese officials with their wives, all as black as pitch. Came back at 4PM very tired. Practised helio work with moving stations. Discovered a man in the B.A. Column who is a professional artist, employed on the Bulletin Staff I understand. He is acting as a Patrol. I must secure him for Brigade head Quarters. Sent letter to Philp informing him I could give him a place as Corporal on head Quarters. I hope he can come here. Brigade signallers working under Capt Mackworth in helio station work. Signallers from 7 to 8PM, after that a free night.
Major Browne bought yesterday for me a dozen very good pictures of Cairo and surrounds.

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Friday 25th December

Christmas day – Very beautiful weather, but no "Peace on earth". Major Hughes, Capt Waite and Mr Jopp went out early, snipe shooting, only succeeding in bagging two brace.
Turkeys, geese and lamb for Christmas dinner. Cooks made a specially good showing. Callaghan & Olding, also Capt Morton, N.Z.S.C. also present. Rabett and King could not get round.
Church service at 9.30AM
All units faring very well. Major Browne’s battery had an exceptionally good show, Turkeys, hams, beef, vegetables, fruits and sweets of all kinds. If they never obtain worse fare in their campaigning they will have no cause for complaint. Mr Phillip, tailor of Cairo, a friend of Mr Larcombe and Mr Short called on me.

Saturday 26th December

At work during morning with Specialists class, then went into Cairo re British Warm and a cap. Called at Phillips shop, but finally decided to get what I required at Davies Bryan & Co. Returned to camp at 3 PM.
Major Rabett came over to dinner, and we had an interesting yarn about old times.

Sunday 27th December

Major Hughes and party again went out shooting. They were the guests of an Englishman who is the manager of a large estate here. They came back with one duck and about a dozen waterfowl, the latter no good for eating. At 4 o’clock we left to visit an old gentleman in Cairo who is a most loyal subject and an influential Egyptian. Major Hughes & Martin, Capt McLennan and Lieut Jopp accompanied me. This man’s wife is a sister to the present Sultan’s wife, and he himself is the son of the late Governor General of the Soudan. Our chief interpreter here (Mr Bayley) has known him for many years and it was he who arranged the visit. On arrival we were shown into a fine hall, filled with most beautiful Oriental furniture and Turkish and Persian Carpets. He and his sons did all in their power to entertain us.
They gave each of us presents, drawing lots to ensure equal division. He gave me several interesting souvenirs and in addition has promised to frame my family photos in wood carved frames. My table

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will then look quite Oriental. We sat down to a sumptuous dinner of about 15 courses, all exquisitely cooked. The table was set out in faultless British style, but the foods were prepared in Egyptian style. We left at 9PM and were escorted on foot through old Cairo.
He showed us many old historic buildings. The streets are very narrow. I am hoping to get one of my Head Quarters men who is good at water colour work to do me a few sketches. Altogether it was an exceedingly interesting evening.
The house is fairly pretentious, of three floors. The basement is used for the servants, the ground floor for guests, and the upper floor as the family’s private quarters. The women folk do not appear. All servants on first floor are Soudanese Eunuchs. I was placed in the post of honour at the head of the table while the father sat on my left. The sons waited at table, this being an especial way of honouring a guest. They afterwards dined by themselves. The father made a very interesting picture smoking his "hubble bubble’. In fact I had a try but was not very successful. Reached camp at 11PM.

Monday 28th December

Head Quarters at work on Telephone Construction. Several men are expert electricians so we should have no trouble in maintaining our phones in a high state of efficiency. With Capt Waite paraded Mr Jenkinson before Col Hobbs. I had to report against him. Col Hobbs asked him if he was prepared to resign, and he agreed. The matter is now going before General Bridges. He has proved totally unfitted for his job. A good deal of trouble with B.A.C. defaulters. They seem to have a bad lot among them. Have now to arm the guard. Lecture tonight by Major Hughes on "Battery Tactics". Plenty of discussion afterwards.

Tuesday 29th December

Battery and Brigade Headquarters at work on Telephones. All units at battery drill. Went out with O.C to inspect routes to manoeuvre ground. Area proved to be very satisfactory, but roads leading thereto very bad indeed. Interview with Col Hobbs and Brigade Commanders re training areas. Jenkinson paraded before Colonel Hobbs. He agreed to resign. General lecture to all units at 2.30PM regarding conduct of troops in Cairo and behaviour generally. Members of 3rd Inf Bde not implicated. Rumours that howitzer Brigade to be formed.

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Wednesday 30th December

Battery and Brigade Headquarters at work on Telephone and Signalling. Batteries at Battery drill. Visited Cairo with Capt McLennan to be measured for uniform and cap, also have boots repaired. Returned to camp at 2.15PM.
Sir George Reid to address our Divisional Artillery tomorrow and other units today. Colonel Hobbs delivered lecture in 2nd F.A. Brigade Mess. Full attendance of officers. He referred to pamphlet issued by war Office giving details of war at the front, especially with regard to Artillery. Makes one feel the seriousness of the situation and if prevailing conditions hold on, how few of us will return to Australia.

Thursday 31st December

At work on Telephones and signalling. Batteries laying. Sir George Reid addressed troops today. With him came Mr Mackenzie (High Commissioner for N.Z.) and Generals Maxwell & Birdwood. Sir George made a good speech and specially asked all ranks to uphold the good name of Australia. Invited to dance at Continental Hotel but did not accept. Plenty of noise at midnight and bands playing out the old year and ushering in the new.

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Friday 1st January 1915

New Year’s day – and plenty of hard work. Beautiful day. Batteries are at work on Gunlaying and battery drill. Lecture by Major Browne on the "use of Aircraft in relation to Artillery". I missed the lecture as Colonel Hobbs had asked me to dine with him at Headquarters Mess. Very nice dinner and interesting discussion on present military situation. Promotion of officers notified today, presumably as New Year gifts. Col Christian received promotion, also Capt Jopp, Callaghan and Kingsmill. Mr Jenkinson tendered his resignation.

Saturday 2nd January 1915

Digging gun pits and epaulments. Afternoon holiday. I went out on manoeuvre area with Major Hughes, Burgess, Browne and Capt Waite. Designing gun emplacements at night.

Sunday 3rd January

Easy day for all units. Church parade in the morning. Good attendance. Major Browne & Burgess completing gun emplacements. Took Benson out during the afternoon over the manoeuvre area and gave him instructions in Field sketching from a military point of view.

Monday 4th January

The whole Division moved out to manoeuvre area. Col Christian and Col Johnstone delayed us considerably. Very good ground to work over. Started on gun layers tests for 9th Battery. Very solid going for horses. Returned to camp at 3.45PM.
Discussion with Colonel Hobbs. I suggested we should leave all vehicles on the area permanently and only bring teams back. Guard to be left consisting of gun layers who will thus get more time for their very exacting work. water tank burst tonight and flooded portion of the camp. Luckily our camp is too high to be affected. Mr Jenkinson’s resignation accepted.

Tuesday 5th January

Left camp at 8.30 for manoeuvre area. Difficulty about water carts. Short measure for horses. Very useful day for all ranks. Layers being tested. General Birdwood looked round my Batteries about 1.30 PM. He had General Bridges with him.

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He seems generally pleased with the Artillery. Mr Jenkinson took his departure from camp and joined up in Lt Col Stoddart’s Light Horse.

Wednesday 6th January

Left for training ground at 8.30, returning to camp at 1.45. again trouble with watercarts. Not sufficient in number. Terribly dusty road. Everybody covered when they returned to camp. Our tents also full. Adjutant out on Area at 7AM, testing layers. The 7th Battery furnishes layers as picket tonight carrying out tests tomorrow morning. Received from 3rd Infantry Brigade four watercarts for use of Brigade. (on loan).
Received letter from Nell dated Dec 9th – last received dated Nov 1st. lecture at night to officers and N.C.Os on work of day.

Thursday 7th January

Left for manoeuvre area at 8.30, returning at 4 PM. Again terribly dusty day. Very difficult to carry on any work. Layers tests had to be discontinued.
Went into Cairo at 4.30 to ft on British Warm, and get a few sundries. Returned to camp at 8.30. Ali Bey came out and brought Nell’s photo very nicely framed.

Friday 8th January

Marched out of camp at 8.30, returned at 4.30. Another evry dusty day with rain showers late in the afternoon. Major Burgess arranged miniature range. Good work at battery manoeuvre. Many mistakes made, noted, and pointed out to all Officers at night. Laying tets continues. Not very satisfactory results. The 7th battery especially requires a great deal of practice.

Saturday 9th January

Horses resting. Batteries harness cleaning and shoeing horses. Damaged water cart of 3rd Inf Brigade being repaired. B.C?. and Subaltern Officers out on manoeuvre area with myself reconnoitring positions for occupation by batteries at night. Moved out at 7.30PM tonight to take up these positions. Had a very interesting March. All succeeded in finding their positions in reasonable time. Returned to camp at 11.30. at 12.30 I was awakened by Light Horse officers who were having a hilarious evening. I had to ask them to shut down.

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Sunday 10th January

Laid in till 7.30 this morning. Would have appreciated another hour. Major Burgess took church parade while I wrote letters to Nell, the boys, home, and Arthur King in Melbourne. I also sent Post Cards of Port Said to Chris and Alvord and 12 cards of Cairo environs to Nell. The latter were very good pictures indeed. During the afternoon Ali Bey and his son motored out and stayed to dinner with us. He seemed to enjoy himself thoroughly and was much interested in the Ammunition Column wallaby. He also brought me out three extra photo frames, for Alvords, Charleys and Chris’ photos. I have them all framed now. Ali Bey left at 8PM. I saw him past the guards and then returned to my tent.

Monday 11th January

Left camp at 8.45 for training ground.
Obtained 5 small tanks to supplement water carts for units. Gun laying tests for balance of 9th battery. Remainder practising gun laying and Battery manoeuvre. While on the training ground the Brigade orderly brought me a cable from England re Artificer Herring of D.A.C., asking for information. Also brought me two very welcome letters from Nell, dated Nov 30th & Dec 6th 1914 respectively. Also notification re Colonel Pethebridge’s promotion and appointment.
Colonel Hobbs lectured in First Brigade lines, criticising work of batteries during past week.

Tuesday 12th January.

Arranged in future to leave camp at 8 AM for training ground. Gun laying tests and Battery Manoeuvre being carried out. Arranged to water Brigade horses at Mr Pengelleys pumps. Lecture by Col Sheen on "Graphs" at Mena House at 5 PM.
Divisional Column arrived in Camp. Capt McGee and 4 Subalterns had dinner with us.

Wednesday 13th January

Left for training ground at 8AM, returned to camp 3.30PM. Provided gun and carriage for funeral of Infantry Sergeant. Received letters from Nell and Chris dated 13th and 12th December respectively. Good training done on area.
Col Hobbs invited the Adjutant and myself to afternoon tea at his Head Quarters, also Col Johnstone & Christian and their respective adjutants.

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Mrs Hobbs, Miss Hobbs, Mrs Christian, Mrs NewMarch and Mrs Anderson were present.
Think the sun ‘got me" this afternoon. I feel very seedy.

Thursday 14th January

Had to lay up today. Feeling very queer. The Doctor thinks I must have received slight sunstroke yesterday. Had to provide another gun and carriage for funeral of Infantry Corporal today.
I am informed about 6 generals are to visit the Manoeuvre area today. I wish I could have been there. Major Burgess is absent too in a court martial.
Lecture given tonight at Mena House by Col Sheen on "International Law respecting war". It was very interesting. I should not have attended as I felt very rocky, and I was very glad to get to bed.

Friday 15th January

Not feeling much better, but decided to go to training area. Returned at 2.30. received two letters from Nell dated Nov 16th and Nov 22nd, also Christmas card from charley.
Layers of 7th Battery tested, 5 passed in test "A". Talk with all O.C.s re certain points of Battery training and discipline. Impressed on them the necessity for making their ideal "Perfection".
Mr Phillips, tailor from Cairo, called to see me with his wife, and invited me to go out to dinner as soon as I could find a spare night. They are friends of Mr Chadwick, Rofe, Larcombe and Short. Very small world.

Saturday 16th January

On training area for a short time this morning. All units in Camp, cleaning harness and guns. Interview with Chaplain Richards and McPhee re Sunday Services. Arranged to have weekly parade for 2nd and 3rd F.A. Brigade, 4th L.Horse and D.A.C. at head of 3rd Brigade lines.
Night alarm – Turned out the whole Brigade. Checked time in which units got ready and also checked all harness, stores and equipment of all units.
I turned in again at 2.40 AM.
Wrote to Nell, the three boys, Father and Mother and John Halford. Very cold night.

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Sunday 17th January
Church Service as arranged yesterday. Band of 2nd Brigade assisted. Presbyterian parson officiated. I understand Rabett was married yesterday in Cairo.
Had a good afternoon rest and went to bed early at night.

Monday 18th January

At manoeuvre area all day. Working on tactical scheme. Enemy occupying villages near Pyramids, our Artillery cooperating with 1st Infantry Brigade. Very useful day. Gun layers being tested. All men and horses absolutely white on return to camp, from dust of area and road.
Went into town at 4 PM with Gunner Benson. Made arrangements for sketching blocks for units, water colours and blocks.
Called at Davies Bryan and got British warm, also made enquiries re Kiwi polishes. Had evening meal in Grill room of Continental Hotel with Benson. Reached camp at 9.30PM.

Tuesday 19th January

At manoeuvre area all day. With 7th Battery all the morning while their layers were being tested. With 9th Battery during afternoon. Letter received from Mr Cowlishaw re delayed Policy premium. Also notified that my pay had been received on 23rd November up to 15th November, amount ?79.10.0 –
Attended lecture at Mena House at 8.30PM. Found it had commenced at 8PM so had to wait outside. Bitterly cold night. Glad to have no less than five blankets on me.
Got my British warm home from tailors, it will be a great comfort.

Wednesday 20th January

Left for training area at 8AM. Moved off Easterly portion of range which was required for 1st Infantry Brigade, and got over to area used by 1st Artillery Brigade. Shooting going on all day. Did not appear too satisfactory; the 2nd Brigade shoot tomorrow, the 3rd Brigade on Friday.
Received letter from Nell dated December 22nd also card from Chris. Nell appears to think I am having an excellent time in Egypt. Good living and plenty of social life, both of which ideas are quite untrue. She will perhaps believe the truth when she hears it from outsiders.

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Thursday 21st January

Stayed in camp today. Gave all units of Brigade an opportunity to make all adjustments, clean harness, guns, etc, prior to shooting on Friday. Shooting of 1st Brigade on Wednesday appeared to be very unsatisfactory. Shooting of 2nd Brigade today proved to be good. It is up to us to do well tomorrow.
General Birdwood today sent me an invitation to dine with him at Shepheards Hotel on Saturday night at 7.30. Hope I shall be able to get some information concerning our future movements. Put in strong report today regarding condition of horses. They are perceptibly getting poorer and weaker. Major Matson thinks they get too much work – Absurd – The ration is the trouble.

Friday 22nd January

Left for training area at 8.30 with 7th Battery. This battery shot first. Reconnaissance exceedingly well carried out. First round off very quickly. Fire discipline good. Second series by Capt Leslie not too good. Observation very faulty. If shooting had not been checked ammunition would have been wasted. Retirement from action good. Major Brownes battery shot second. Good reconnaissance and occupation of position. Ranging first series rather muddled. Second series better. Fire discipline good, retirement from action good. Major Burgess’ battery last to shoot. Rather long advance to position, Battery staff not kept well in hand. Occupation of position good. First round off very smartly. Ranging good, retirement good. Work of batteries uniformly good and very satisfactory.
General Bridges and Colonel Hobbs tendered their congratulations.

Saturday 23rd January

Rest for horses. Men cleaning lines and horses. Inspection by Colonel at 12 noon. All satisfactory excepting a few points in 7th battery. Went to town late in the afternoon, did some shopping, getting Kiwi, and ribbon velvet for my crowns. With Col Johnstone went to dinner with genera Birdwood at Shepheards Hotel. We had a very interesting time. Met Colonel Knox, Chief Supply Officer for our Army Corps. He has just returned from France and gave us a great deal of valuable information. Returned to camp about 1 AM. I saw an interesting sight in Cairo during the afternoon. A man bearing a cow, and carrying a calf. He stopped in front of a man, put down his calf, and

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milked a small jug full of milk, which the man paid for, and drank. I then discovered the calf was stuffed. General Birdwood told me that when a calf dies the cow will not give down its milk, and in consequence they have to deceive her with a stuffed calf. Brought home sketching blocks.

Sunday 24th January

Church parade at 9.30. Class with officers for sketching using new blocks, director and estimated ranges.
Had a good sleep this afternoon. Interview with Colonel Hobbs at night, discussing personal matters concerning whole Artillery.

Monday 25th January

At work on manoeuvre area. Good work done. Col Christian "jumped" my portion of ground. Horses now getting new ration and will soon improve. Lecture at night in our mess tent by Colonel Hobbs. Criticism of practice of last week. Many points noted.

Tuesday 26th January

At work on manoeuvre area on tactical Schemes. Engaging targets from map. Very instructive work to all batteries. Lecture to O.C.s batteries in my tent in afternoon. Received Confidential instructions today to have 3rd Section of B.A.C. ready to move off at a moment’s notice. Instructions issued accordingly. Major Hughes, Capt Waite and myself invited to dinner at Mr Pengelley’s house tonight. Had a very pleasant evening. Returned to camp at 11PM.

Wednesday 27th January.

Stayed in camp today to rest horses. Very lucky we did. Terribly dusty day. With Col Hobbs inspected gun emplacements made during the previous night. Mapped out scheme for tomorrows work. Rumoured that a night turn out was to be expected, it did not eventuate however. FEast of the Prophet in Cairo.

Thursday 28th January

Good work on training area, engaging different targets from behind cover by Compass bearing and in the open.
Approval received to discharge several men for misconduct. Lecture to O.C.s re day’s work. Worked out scheme for Friday. Fighting on the Canal. Expect to be sent there soon. Received letter from Nell dated Dec 30th 1914.

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Friday 29th January

Again good day’s work on training area, in taking up positions and engaging all nature of targets including Cavalry. Pow wow with Officers in the evening.

Saturday 30th January

Remained in camp. Horses resting. Colonel inspected lines at 10.30. All very satisfactory. Went into Cairo late in afternoon re printing. Fitted coat at Davies Bryan. Called at Turf Club and obtained particulars re "Zealandia" and Charley’s appointment from Navy list. Started Prior on Bivouac sketches, and prepared syllabus of work for ensuing week. Received Divisional Order calling for Route March on Monday morning at 9 AM, the 3rd F.A. Brigade leading. On Brigade parade I discharged men to return to Australia for misconduct.

Sunday 31st January

I dodged Church Parade this morning. Had to make sketches of Bivouacs and letters to write. Wrote Nell and the three boys. Had a sleep this afternoon. Tent very hot. Train Wagons left in our lines in preparation for tomorrow’s March.

Monday 1st February

Route March very successful. Left at 9AM, reached camp about 3.30PM. The 3rd F.A. Bde eulogised by Gen Birdwood and Bridges also Colonel White. Turn out very good. Lecture to O.C. Batteries in the evening and officers generally by Col Hobbs in the 1st Brigade lines.

Tuesday 2nd February

Moved out of camp early. Selected Bivouac at bottom of desert near Pengelley’s plantation. Constructed gunpits by all Batteries and "dugout" for myself prepared by my own Headquarters during daylight. Then again at night men did the same work over again finishing about midnight. At about 5PM a terrific sand storm arose, continuing till about 7PM, and a beautiful mess it made of us and our bivouac. Our cloth spread for the evening meal was about hidden from view under the drift sand. Our meal was not enjoyed at all.

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Wednesday 3rd February

Returned to camp about 10.30. men spent day cleaning harness and guns. Colonel Hobbs came out at 8AM to inspect our gun pits. Preparing Sundry sketches and schemes during day. Bitterly cold night.

Thursday 4th February

At work on manoeuvre area. Colonel Hobbs brought out R.F.A. Colonel, named Cunliffe Owen. He has been at the front for some months and has now been appointed C.R.A. for our Army Corps Artillery. He gave us many interesting bits of information regarding Artillery work in France. Benson of Head Quarters has been today getting some local studies for water colour sketches.
General instructions to sketchers of each Battery. No letters from Australia this week – shortage of boats evidently.

Friday 5th February

On manoeuvre area. The 2nd Brigade was to have commenced shooting, but as Colonel Owen (now Brig Gen Owen) could not come out and was particularly anxious to see the shooting, it was postponed till Monday. We bivouaced near Pengelley’s date plantation and had a much better night than Tuesday last. Dug in the whole battery with forward observing posts and my own shelter, all connected by Telephone. Very cold night.

Saturday 6th February

Returned from bivouac to camp at 9AM. Then the whole Artillery Division was formed up under "self ridge" close to camp and a photograph taken. The Artillery covered many acres and made a most imposing picture. Afterwards all Artillery officers rode to the Pyramids and, grouped upon the lower courses of stone of "Cheops" were again photographed. We hope to get some good pictures as a result.

Sunday 7th February

Visited Cairo, Maadi Camp and Heliopolis. Maadi camp which is a few miles from Cairo along the Banks of the Nile is certainly a miserable spot, not nearly as nice as Mena, but alongside are numerous fine residences and the owners have been

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very good to our Light Horse officers, practically giving them entrée to their homes at any time for use of hot baths. At Heliopolis I saw some magnificent residences, including one of the Sultan’s palaces.
Incidentally, on the way to Heliopolis (where reinforcements are camped) I saw the Turkish prisoners from the Canal. When I got to camp at 5.30 PM I found Harry waiting to se me. He has come out with the Second Contingent. He told me of the trouble at Gordon. I gave him dinner. He left about 8PM.

Monday 8th February

The 2nd Brigade shooting today. The 3rd Brigade remained in camp overhauling guns and equipment generally. General Cunliffe Owen gave us a lecture at night, which was full of interest and concerned the Retreat from Mons. He himself was present at the front for some months and spoke from actual experience. He is an entertaining lecturer, but gave us some particulars of actions which made me think seriously. We are looking forward to his future lectures.

Tuesday 9th February

All officers of 3rd Bde and many drivers as well as Headquarters watched shooting of 1st Brigade. Rabett and King’s batteries did exceedingly well – just what might have been expected from Howitzer officers – B.C? fired both series. Did not see 1st battery shoot. Went into Cairo at 5PM to get electrical fittings for signalling buyzers, returned to camp by 9 PM tram. Received big mail from Australia, parents dated 6th Jan, Chris Jun 12th, Alvord 4th and 10th Jan, and Nell Jan 10th. Made up for shortage of last week. Delighted to hear Alvord passed Educational and Medical exams for Australian Naval College. I feel sure he will pass the Interviewing Committee. Smallpox in camp.

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All officers and men to be again inoculated and vaccinated. We start operations tomorrow, and will be staying in camp in consequence.

Friday 11th February

Units at work on Training Area. I stayed in camp arranging re vaccination and interviewing reinforcements for vacancies in our Brigade. Major Parker and Major Hughes also in Camp as Presidents of Boards.
Capt Jopp visited Carriage works re repairs to saddles, and banked Canteen money. New canteen opened today. Seems very well stocked. I hope it will be a boon to our men. Arranging for ranging table in mess to ensure our officers become prompt and efficient when acting as Battery Commanders. Making changes in Head quarters staff re Corporal and Telephone mechanic which should be satisfactory.

Friday 12th February

This date seems familiar. Today I reach 40 years. I wonder where I shall be next 12th February and what my experiences will have been during the year. Very pleased to receive cable from Nell conveying birthday greetings and also informing me that Alvord had been accepted for the R.A.Navy. Brigade stayed in camp and doctor vaccinated everybody again, small pox having made its appearance among the troops. Selected by Colonel Hobbs with Major Browne and Major King to go tomorrow to Suez to study fortifications there and view the country over which the Turks attacked. Went into Cairo at 7.30, visited the "Kurral", then turned in at Continental Hotel. Fresh draft of horses taken over by Brigade.

Saturday 13th February

Caught train at Cairo Central Station at 7AM. About 20 officers comprised the party. Passed through Tel el Kebir on way to Ismailia, and also saw on our right the Ancient Land of Goschen. Went through Ismailia to Kantara, about 20 miles nearer Port Said at which place some fighting had taken place. We saw a great deal of earthworks, gun emplacements etc on the Western Bank of Canal, but had no chance to inspect them. At Kantara we found the station buildings protected with sand bags, and an armoured train drawn up alongside

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the station. A major Brigham of the 69th Punjabis conducted us over the defensive works on the Eastern side of the Canal at Kantara. They were very extensive and complete. From the roof of the Observation House we obtained a fine view of the Surrounding Country.
He also showed us where the Turks attacked but we had not time to go out to the position. General Knox is in Command of this Section, and greatly strengthened his position by inundating the surrounding country from the canal, thus making a very effective barrier. This position had been strongly fortified as it is the Commencement of one of the main caravan routes through the Sinai Peninsula; the other routes coming in at Tussum below Ismailia, and at Suez. We left Kantara at 1.5, journeyed by train to Ismailia, then took ferry down the Canal to Tussum. Ismailia is an exceedingly pretty spot, and has some magnificent avenues of trees and glorious purple and orange Bouganvillae [ea] in abundance. On the wharf we saw 18 large zinc boats about 20’ x 5’ which the Turks had somehow hauled across the desert and used in their attempted crossing of the Canal. On arrival at Tussum we were shown the fortification at the post and then proceeded along the banks of the canal to Serapeum, some 3 miles, and it was along this front the main fighting took place. I should have mentioned that just before reaching Tussum we saw some Sikhs dragging two dead Turks from the canal. They had evidently been shot while attempting to cross. About 350 prisoners were taken at this point and about 100 killed and wounded. The Turks force was estimated at 13,000 with 14000 camels. Special orders were given that our troops should act on the defensive only and take no offensive action, otherwise the whole show with its guns could have been captured.
Political or Mahommedan considerations governed the case. We saw the graves of many Turks, some with arms and legs protruding. They had taken up positions behind little sand mounds, and in each case here were to be seen numbers of empty cartridge cases. We saw some hundreds of boots tied in pairs which had evidently been discarded by the Turks in the expectation of having to swim the canal. We saw the grave of a German Officer, Major Von Hagen, marked with a cross. He deserved his fate for he showed a White Flag, and when our men ceased firing his rear lines still continued. His white flag appears to have been a regular part of his kit, for he had a little khaki case for it. This has been

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sent to Lord Kitchener by General Birdwood.
All the dead were very poorly clad and all indications point to the troops having had a bad time crossing the desert.
We returned to Ismailia about 7.30, caught train at 8.5, and reached Cairo at 11.15PM. Major King and myself then came out to camp. I met Colonel Semmens of Victoria with this party and incidentally informed him he had got me into trouble by writing letters home from Albany and Colombo. He told me he had personally dodged the Censors. Travelling in the Egyptian railway is very comfortable. Dining saloon very good and meals well served. Transfer of men to Brigade to fill vacancies given effect to.

Sunday 14th February

Feel very tired this morning and not much inclined for Church parade. However I attended. Afterwards I gave a little lecturette to the Brigade giving an account of my trip to the Canal. Working on schemes for Tuesday’s shooting. Wrote letters to Nell, Chris, Alvord, Admiralty and Stacy Waddy. Coloured plates for aeroplane signalling. Pow wow with B.C? at night.

Monday 15th February

Brigade working in Camp, preparing for shooting.

Tuesday 16th February

Stayed in camp today preparing for night March, bivouac and tactical shooting. Moved out with B.C? at 2 PM to reconnoitre positions. Selected same also Bivouac. Brigade moved out of camp at 7.30PM reaching bivouac about 9. Major Burgess placed two of his guns for night firing. The D.A.C. failed to supply ammunition, consequently night series was not fixed till midnight. Aiming point was a lamp on top of "Cheops". Zones of front allotted to each battery. (all units spent the night preparing gunpits and observing stations.) Guns in position at 10 AM. Delay in supply of ammunition from DAC caused further delay. Shooting commenced about 11 AM. Excellent results. All batteries did good work. A distinguished Party watched the proceedings. General Sir A. Maxwell, General Birdwood, Generals Walker and Bridges and the Marquis of Anglesey. They all congratulated Colonel Hobbs on the work of the 3rd Brigade, and after the shoot

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had a look at the Battery positions and emplacements. Returned to camp feeling very tired. Had good bath and sleep, Col Hobbs had a pow wow in the evening in our mess tent. All officers of all Brigades present. The Col was very congratulatory.

Wednesday 17th February

Batteries in camp. D.A.C. gunners receiving instruction. Lieut McAdam posted to vacancy in B.A.C.
Conference at Mena House, Divisional Headquarters re scheme for 20th inst. Working in conjunction with signal units. Chiefly to test Communications. Major Burgess selected to go to Suez Canal to inspect defensive works. Col Johnstone and Christian also went.

Thursday 18th February

At work in camp all day. Col Christian’s Brigade did its reconnaissance during the afternoon prior to moving out at night at 7.30PM. My staff, and all Battery Commanders accompanied me today in a reconnaissance of the Country over which the Head Quarters scheme is to be worked on 20th inst. Made sketches of the position and prepared reconnaissance report. Forwarded same to Divisional Head Quarters.

Friday 19th February
Col Christian’s Brigade carried out shooting and did very well. Very pleased Rabett and King did well. Several of my officers witnessed shooting from the range, remainder from firing point where I gave particulars and explanation of work done to a number of Infantry officers who were "sight seers". The 1st Brigade had no night firing. Pow wow at night in 1st Brigade lines.

Saturday 20th February

Out all day on Tactical Scheme. Commenced at 7.30AM and finished up at 6 PM, which meant it was 7.30 before we washed and ready for dinner. Very good days work. Our Brigade Communications worked admirably. No hitches. Hughes, Waite and myself went to dinner at Pengellys, returned home 11.30PM. Very crisp and sharp riding home in the night air. Old Jack was out for a gallop and I had a great job to hold him in.

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Sunday 21st February

Did not attend Church Parade. Slept in for a change and wrote letters and posted up Diary. Had a good sleep in the afternoon, quite an unusual occurrence for me.

Monday 22nd February

Emma’s Birthday today. Batteries all at work in camp. Col Johnstone’s Brigade carried out its reconnaissance preparatory to tomorrow’s shoot. I was with Colonel MacLagan all day during the fighting of a delaying action. General Birdwood was present. The Infantry did very good work.

Tuesday 23rd February.

Col Johnstone’s Brigade carried out its final shoot. I was ordered to explain scheme and operations to a number of Infantry Colonels who had come out to witness shooting. Shooting of Brigade at commencement very poor. Battery Commanders did not understand ranging from use of map only. later in the morning work was better. Lecture at night and criticisms. Colonel Hobbs practically gave us a "good bye" address. He anticipated our Division will be soon broken up and moved off. Instructions received to prepare 8th Battery for departure 27th inst.
Necessary orders given. Commenced French class.

Wednesday 24th February

Obtained leave to visit New Zealand Field Artillery at Zeitoun. Saw 4".5 Howitzers and went through their mechanism. Had an interesting time with Col Johnstone who drove me into Cairo in the afternoon in one of the N.Z. staff cars. Very hot day, camp very dusty and trying. Purchased pumps for use of Brigade, 5 per battery and 1 for Brigade Head Quarters, for use in pumping out trenches and assisting in watering horses.
Returned to camp at 5PM. Received letter from Nell dated Jan 24th, Emma, Alvord and Chris ditto.

Thursday 25th February

Battery Commanders in charge of their Batteries in camp. Officers of 1st Brigade who have not previously had series did some shooting. Adjutant and myself reconnoitred country for purposes of signalling scheme laid down for 26th inst. Instruction on European maps with O.C? Received two letters from Charley and one from A.T.Sharp.

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Friday 26th February

Had photograph taken of Brigade Officers in the morning. Could not get guns out for photo of whole Brigade owing to painting operations. At 1 o’clock Brigade and Battery staffs also OC, BAC and details moved out to take part in signal exercise, which continued until 12 midnight.
We arrived back in camp about 1 AM, and our mess secretary had been good enough to arrange for Hot Supper for us all, and it was duly appreciated. Charley writes me that the "Australia" and "Sydney" are now with the Home fleets.
Received instructions to prepare No 3 Section B.A.C. for immediate departure to – no one knows where - The 3rd Infantry Brigade together with engineers, ASC, AMC etc and our battery and portion of Column are under orders to leave tomorrow. We do not know if they are simply going forward to a base, or whether they have a definite job on hand. Their ships are under sealed orders till they are 20 miles out at sea from Alexandria. I wish my whole Brigade had received orders to March.
New extension shields are now fitted to 8th Battery guns, and will in due course be fitted to all guns of our Division.

Saturday 27th February

Units stayed in all day after labour of previous evening. The 3rd Infantry Brigade are very busy getting ready to move, also our No 3 Section of B.A.Column. All left camp about 6 PM. Capt Waite went in with his section and saw them safely entrained. Mr McAdam had previously gone to Alexandria with an Advanced Party for him.

Sunday 28th February

Church Parade at 9.30. Presbyterian padre. Band of 12th Infantry played for us. I was wrong in stating above that Units moved out on Saturday. They left this evening at 6PM. At 5.30 I inspected our men and gave them a few words of advice and farewell. Wrote to Nell, Alvord, Charley, Chris, Emma and Father.

Monday 1st March

Batteries of 2nd Brigade did shooting. Passable in parts, good in others. Our officers and men attended and watched the shooting. Conference during afternoon re Friday’s signal scheme. Major Parker, Capt Mclennan and myself attended Pathe Freres Picture show in camp. Quite a night of dissipation.

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Tuesday 2nd March

The 2nd Brigade finished shooting, 3rd Brigade followed on. I succeeded in getting Colonel to allow all my remaining subalterns to shoot, so now all my officers have conducted shell practise. General Bridges was present. Moving targets generally used. One series against new B.C? protecting shield provided by Colonel. Though fire seemed very effective only one bullet hit the shield. Pow wow at conclusion of shoot. General Owen gave lecture at night on ‘The Battle of the Aisne". Very interesting.

Wednesday 3rd March

Went into Cairo in the morning re repairs to gum boots and switch fittings. Pumps completed for batteries and B.A.C. Units cleaning guns and harness. Discussed Divisional Scheme for Friday with Battery Commanders.

Thursday 4th March

Went out with Colonel and Staff to make Artillery reconnaissance of Country west of camp for Divisional exercise. I provided an officers patrol in addition. Rode my new horse, he is quite good. In the afternoon I made a reconnaissance with battery Commanders. Decided on positions for guns etc.

Friday 5th March

Units getting remainder of equipment from Ordnance. All gun shields now supplied and being fitted. At 1.30 Brigade moved out for signal exercise. Stayed out till 7.30 PM. Fired some silly blank ammunition. Returned to camp at 9 o’clock.

Saturday 6th March

Units still on remnants of equipment. Col White informed me we would all be away in six days. Hope it is true.
Inspected units this morning. So did doctor. Clean bill of health.
Our men are either improving in morals or becoming more careful.
This afternoon I climbed "Cheops". About 460 feet to top and a very solid climb. Also inspected interior. It is very uncanny. This is my first visit. Hope to get to Sakkara [Saqqara] sights tomorrow also Memphis. It means about a 20 mile ride, but unless I go tomorrow I shall probably not have another opportunity. No mails from Australia this week.

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Sunday 7th March

Capt Waite and Lieut Ellis left camp with me at 7.15AM to visit Sakkara and Memphis, about 3 ½ hours from Camp.
At Sakkara we inspected four tombs. Tomb of Ti, Serapeum or Tomb of the Sacred Bulls, Ptahkotep, and Mera (Mena?). We found them intensely interesting, the carvings on the walls and the effective colouring being particularly good. The book "The Tombs of Sakkara" by A.A. Quibell gives all details so I will not enter them here. After inspecting these tombs we rode on to the ruins of the Ancient City of Memphis. Very little remains to be seen here, but we saw the two Statues of the Rameses (the great and the 2nd) also a good specimen of Sphinx, and the granite ruins of an Ancient Temple, which must have been very fine in its day. We returned to Camp at 6.PM. An officer of Infantry this evening informed me my old 5" Howitzers were on the way from Australia. Just as I write a man passing my tent said something about a sycamore tree, reminding me that today we saw several fine specimens, doubtless the same species as was climbed by our old friend Zaccheus of Bible history.
Two of our officers were today detailed for Landing and Embarkation duties at Alexandria. Expect we shall soon get a move on now.

Monday 8th March

Filthy dusty day, with high wind. One of the worst we have experienced. Such days as this make us wish heartily that we could get away. Posted letters to Nell. Painting of vehicles of Brigade hung up because of dust and sand.
Wrote Gieve Matthews and Seagrave asking them to forward me regular copies of Monthly Naval List, also Army and Navy pattern Webley Scott pistol with case, lanyard etc.

Tuesday 9th March

Received letter from Nell dated Jan 26th, Chris dated Jan 28th and Arthur King dated February 8th
Went into Cairo at 10 AM this morning and returned for lunch. Busy completing Brigade equipment from Ordnance.
Col Hobbs informed me our Artillery Division would probably route March to Alexandria. I strongly supported the scheme.
We are now to wear coloured badges on each arm to distinguish our units. Our Brigade has Artillery Colours, dark blue and scarlet, with a bar of yellow in the centre. Terribly hot and

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trying day. Practically impossible to do any outside work.
My batman has had a big day washing my soiled linen etc, and I now have a fine prospect ahead of me to darn all my socks prior to leaving Egypt. Still no definite date laid down for departure. Major Burgess slightly improving. Criticised work of officers Patrols. The 3rd Brigade L.Horse has come into the Camp.

Thursday 11th March

Again an exceedingly hot day and filthy in the extreme. This is the 4th day continuously that we have had this weather.
Tents, food etc covered with dust and dirt. Very little work done.

Friday 12th March

Again filthy dirty and dusty day. Received invitation to dinner with the High Commissioner Sir H. McMahon.
Completed to day all equipment excepting cutting and shotting of tyres to some of BAC. G.S. Wagons. Had a long interview with Major Nicholson re Brigade Work in general. Standing orders of Army Corps (Australia & New Zealand) issued to O.C- units. Interview with major Brown re dismissal of charge "neglect of duty" laid against one of his sergeants by Mr Forrest, pointed out the seriousness of his action.

Saturday 13th March

Obtained leave for the day. Left camp at 9. With Ali Bey and his son I visited the Arab Museum also the Egyptian British Museum. Both are exceedingly interesting especially the former. Would like to spend a couple of days in the latter. Had lunch at Continental Hotel. After lunch we went to the Tombs of the Mamelukes. There is certainly some wonderful work to be seen. I also wanted to see the interior of some of the Mosques, but we were pressed for time.
Went to dinner at the British Residency at 8.15. All Australian Brigade Commanders present excepting Col Christian who for some reason was not invited. Very interesting evening. Returned to Continental Hotel at 10.30 for my coat etc. saw some naval officers and Midshipmen in the hall. I spoke to them and ascertained they had been with Charley at Dartmouth. They are serving on the "Doris". She is at present at Port Said and they had 48 hours leave. They have been shelling bridges etc in the vicinity of Alexandretta, and indications point to our going in that direction.
Major King and Hughes, Lieut Olding and Garling came home

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with me in a car. Lieut Asher seriously ill with Pnuemonia and Measles. No hope held out for his recovery.
Officers patrols out at work

Sunday 14th March

At last a beautiful day. Spent the morning with Officers Patrols, criticising their work of yesterday. After lunch I walked to Mena Hospital to see Lt Asher. Met Colonel (Dr) Springthorpe of Melbourne. He is attending him. Very seriously ill. He however recognised me and spoke a few words but it was apparent he had great difficulty and was in evident pain.

Monday 15th March

Brigade drill during day. First chance we have had. Major Parker took ill this morning, also Lieut Vowles. Both in same tent.

Tuesday 16th March

Brigade climbing hills, manhandling guns up and down hills. In afternoon swimming horses. Major Parker and Lieut Vowles admitted to Hospital at 2PM. At 4 PM Major Parker sank into unconsciousness, and at 10PM we were sent for as he was seriously ill. Col Springthorpe of Melbourne is attending him, but so far he has not been able to diagnose the case. Received letter from Nell dated Feby 15th also Chris and Alvord.

Wednesday 17th March

Poor old Parker remained unconscious all day and died at 10PM. Doctors diagnosed the case as Cerebro Spinal Meningitis. A very sad ending. He had not opportunity to send a word of farewell to his wife or to his brothers who are here. Vowles improving. Asher is also improving. If he recovers it will be a wonderful case. He has been unconscious for some days.

Thursday 18th March

This morning the Brigade (less 8th Battery) crossed over Pontoon bridge, Major Browne and myself completed arrangements for Major Parker’s funeral. The Adjutant selected firing party of 200 rank and file and during the morning instructed them.
Funeral moved off from Mena House Hospital at 2.30PM; the 8th Battery providing gun carriage and team. Major Brown, Burgess, Hughes,

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Nicholson, Mills and myself acted as Pall Bearers. The grave is in the Old Cairo Military Cemetery among soldiers, many from our Division.
Major Parker’s death has cast quite a gloom over our Brigade. His is the first loss we have so far suffered out of over 700 officers and men.
Lecture tonight by Col Hobbs regarding Tactical schemes. He paid a tribute to the late Major Parker.

Friday 19th March

Out all day on Tactical scheme. Returned to camp late in the afternoon. Very beautiful day. Most of our large tents withdrawn and only service bell tents now issued. We have again been warned to be ready to move at a moments notice.

Saturday 20th March

Readjusting our camp in consequence of alterations of pattern and number of tents. Otherwise an easy day. I had a good afternoon sleep.

Sunday 21st March

Church parade at 8.30 AM in Light Horse lines. Most officers out for the day. At 6 o’clock I went to the Pengelleys home and stayed to tea.

Monday 22nd March

During morning swam horses of 8th and 9th Batteries over canal on endless ropes. In afternoon built barrel pontoon and floated over guns and lumber. Colonel Hobbs present both morning and afternoon. At night all 3rd Brigade officers attended at Mess tent, and I read them extracts from the latest official notes from the front.

Tuesday 23rd March

Horses of 7th Battery and B.A.C. practised in Swimming Canal. All horses of the Brigade have now had the experience. Battery gun drill in 8th and 9th Batteries. Two new reinforcement officers posted to this Brigade today. (Capt Webb and Lt Thompson) also a number of men. New telephone equipment arrived, phones, switchboard, cells and other Telephone stores. Telephone Brigade cart still to come. Practised Jack and Dick on jumps today. Jack of course excellent and Dick shapes nearly as well. He is turning out an excellent charger. Received letter from Nell dated Feby 22nd and one from Alvord from Jervis Bay enclosed.

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Wednesday 24th March

Holiday for Brigade. Went into Cairo and arranged to get photos of General Birdwood and Staff (our Army Corps) also small groups of Artillery Divisions and 3rd Brigade officers. Had my razor blades adjusted.

Thursday 25th March

Brigade scheme all day. Practising Communications.
Major Lynch sent a car for me from Maadi so that I could assist them at their concert at night. Mrs and two Miss Pengelleys from Mena (whose uncle resides at Maadi and who has done a great deal for officers and men there) also went. I had dinner with officers of 2nd L. Horse Brigade. Col Chauvel was also present. Returned home at 10.30 PM. Ali Bey made me a present of a lady’s evening wrap in net and silver for Nell.

Friday 26th March

Divisional scheme for all Brigades. Lecture at 4.30PM. Spent the evening in getting my heavy baggage packed and ready for storage. Telephone cart arrived from England and handed over to Brigade. It is an improved pattern.

Saturday 27th March

Lecture by Gen Cunliffe Owen at 9.30AM. Very interesting accounts of early part of war. Cooperation between Artillery and Infantry forcibly illustrated. Worked on Telephone detachment and instructed them.

Sunday 28th March

Church Parade at 9AM. General Birdwood present also Staffs and Colonel Hobbs. Marched past after Service.
The worst day we have had in Egypt. Dust and sand in abundance. Stayed in the mess tent which was the only reasonably clean place.

Monday 29th March

Our troops at Mena reviewed in morning by General Sir Ian Hamilton. General Godley also present. He invited us over to Zeitoun in the afternoon to see a review of the New Zealand & Austn Division. Major Burgess, Browne and Hughes accompanied Jopp and myself.
We had lunch at the Continental and then motored out to the review. It was a great sight though the dust rather spoiled the effect.

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Tuesday 30th March

Brigade Scheme. Practising Communications using new Telephone cart. Very hot and trying day.

Wednesday 31st March

Parades in hands of Battery Commanders. I went into Cairo during the morning re horses and spent the afternoon with Col Hobbs. Benson prepared a most excellent panoramic sketch of country for tomorrow’s operations

Thursday 1st April

Divisional scheme. Plenty of Generals about.
Benson’s sketch much appreciated. Returned to camp at 3.15
One of my Head Quarters Signallers had a fall from his horse and fractured his collar bone.
Col Hobbs and a big party off to Luxor tonight. I wish I could go, but had better save my cash.

Friday 2nd April

At 11 last night I was sent for by Colonel Hobbs, and found we were at last under orders to embark for – somewhere.
All Brigade Commanders (or Staff) discussed details. This morning details were published of number of transports, O.Cs and troops. I have No 11 Transport (the "Cardiganshire") Lieut Clowes posted to 8th Battery. Lieut Richards from D.A.C. appointed as my Orderly Officer. I am quite satisfied with his appointment. He is a capable Officer. Arranging details re embarkation.

Saturday 3rd April

Busy all day making arrangements for embarkation.

Sunday 4th April

Again busy with embarkation returns etc. Plenty to arrange.

Monday 5th April

All arrangements complete for departure. I am due to leave Cairo station late tonight. I take over the "Cardiganshire" tomorrow as O.C. Troops. Major King’s coming with me. Tents all struck and returned by noon. Posted last letters to Nell, the three boys, Mother, John Halford, Emma and A.T. Sharp re electric torches.

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A most dreadful day at Mena, quite the worst we have had. Last night was particularly bad, and I was awakened about 2 AM by my tent collapsing on top of me. The guys had broken.
Egypt must surely be sending us of "full of grit".
Left Cairo at midnight. Said goodbye to Mrs Rabett, King and Sweetland.
Received letters from Nell dated Feby 28th and March 5th.

Tuesday 6th April

Arrived at Alexandria at 5.30AM, with first train. Major Hughes came next with his Battery about 2 hours later, then Capt Waite with his column. Boat was late drawing alongside so work of embarkation was not finished by nightfall. We are to continue again at 6AM tomorrow. Went into the town during the afternoon and forwarded £60 to John Halford to cover Charley’s a/c to June 30th. Alexandria full of French and British troops. The former look to us very strange in their red breeches and blue coats, and also in the new grey uniform. Their rifles are much longer than ours, also the bayonets. Alexandria is full also of transports. About 70 in all. We are beginning to feel a warlike atmosphere surrounding us and getting into our bones. Very interesting buildings in Alexandria. One has to drive largely through native quarter before reaching the town proper. Street buildings are very quaint, mostly wooden framing with brick and stone filling, upper storeys generally cantilevered over lower ones. There are some fine buildings in the town proper.

Wednesday 7th April

Loading resumed and completed. Went into Alexandria and posted keys of boxes to Nell, also letter to her.
Got a pair of warm slippers at Davies Bryan also some socks.
Capt Waite lost a horse from Colic. Major King also lost one in Cairo before entraining, through a similar cause. I shall try to replace them from remounts here. No leave allowed officers or men.

Thursday 8th April

Got balance of 18pr Ammunition aboard (24242 rounds for BAC.) The 3rd Battery completed fuzing of shells for complete battery, and the 7th Battery commenced theirs.
Obtained two horses to replace the dead. Ordered off suddenly leaving Capt Marks and Lt Urquhart on shore. Actually moved off

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from Quay at 3.45 PM. As soon as we were outside I opened confidential packet which proved to be Handbook of the Turkish Army. Maps proved to be of Gallipoli. We had previously imagined we were to disembark on this peninsula and it now looks as if our ideas were correct. Several ships moved out before us, and the orders for all ships are to rendezvous at Mudros Bay on South Side of Lemnos Island. A second horse belonging to BAC, died this morning.

Friday 9th April

A beautiful morning – very smooths ea and everybody in general very happy. Quite a delightful change from sandy and dirty Mena. The 7th Battery completed fuzing of Shell. B.A.C. now busy on their Shell. Two guns of 7th Battery taken down during the day and thoroughly cleaned. Plenty of Mena sand removed. Others will be done tomorrow. S.A.A distributed to Units. Pistol Ammunition to Officers. Inspection with Capt at 10.30 AM. Boat generally very comfortable. Passages between horse stalls very narrow thus rather hindering work of men. About sundown we passed between Rhodes and Karpathos Islands. Captain has instructions to keep clear of Asia Minor Coast. We expect to reach Mudros Bay about 4PM tomorrow and sincerely hope we shall not have long to remain their before moving off to our destination. The horses will be our first consideration.
Ships Surgeon is attending to all sick, fortunately very few and minor cases.

Saturday 10th April

Another very beautiful day. Temperature quite mild. We were told to expect cold weather. When I got up this morning we were abrEast the island of Skyros. At 1 o’clock boat stations were sounded and checking of rolls proved everybody in their place
Inspected ship at 10.30 AM with Captain. Very satisfactory. Arrived off Mudros Bay at 4.30PM, entered at 5 PM with troops dressing ship.
Torpedo boats were guarding entrance to Bay. A boom is stretched right across the entrance, excepting a narrow way in for ships in the middle of boom. Many man o wars and Transports inside. As we anchored for the night just inside the boom we were unable to distinguish ships, excepting perhaps the 5 funnelled Russian Man O War "Askold".
We expect to move in early tomorrow morning, and I presume other Transports will also be coming from Alexandria. We are all sincerely hoping we shall not stay long here, but get off to our field of operations wherever it May be. B.A.C. completed storing of 18pr shells in wagons and Gd. Wagons. Small arm ammunition also issued to all ranks.

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Sunday 11th April

I hardly realise it is Sunday. One loses count of the days. Two Transports came in past us early this morning and we then moved in. We passed several Man O’ War, the leading one being the "Queen Elizabeth", and anchored inside the bay among a large number of Transports, more coming in during the day. Country around looks very pretty. Fairly high hills, nicely grassed but very few trees, and these only about the size of fruit terees. The town of Mudros itself is hidden from our view as we lie at anchor.
Among the warships in the Harbour are the "Queen Elizabeth", "Cornwallis", Lord Nelson", ‘Queen", beside other British ships the names of which we could not discern. One cruiser undergoing repairs seemed to have had a gruelling. A number of French ships, whose names I could not ascertain, were also at anchor, together with the Russian cruiser "Askold" which we first saw in Colombo and again at Port said. Besides these there are torpedo boats, Destroyers (I think the "River class) submarines and Repair ships as well as parent Hydroplane Ship, the "Royal Ark". This afternoon a big Hydroplane has been circling around and above us. The sight here is very similar to what we saw at Albany, with the added interest of the Men O Fight and Hydroplanes etc. We sent off a big mail today, probably our last for some time. It is no joke censoring a ships mail of 500 odd men, and I shall want to curtail correspondence somewhat. Balance of our Eastern mail was delivered to us this afternoon. Nothing for me. At 4 O’clock a staff officer came off from Gen Hamilton’s flagship the "Arcadian" and invited me to go for a trip tomorrow on the "Queen Elizabeth" to the proposed place of landing at Gallipoli peninsula. All Brigade Commanders and higher are invited. A launch is to pick us up early in the morning and the "Queen Elizabeth" goes out at 8.30, returning about the same hour at night. As the journey is about 50 miles we anticipate we shall have about four hours there. The opportunity to examine this latest engine of war I much appreciate.

Monday 12th April

Today is probably the commencement of most unique and interesting experience for me. About 7AM a pinnace from the "Queen Elizabeth" took us off with other officers, and about 8.30 she moved away from her mooring. Gen Sir Ian Hamilton was aboard together with three other Generals of his Staff whom as yet I do not know, our three Infantry Brigadiers with their staffs and sundry other O.C.s. I was the only Artillery

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officer present, Col Hobbs, Christian and Johnstone not having yet arrived in Port. The first impression my mind and vision received of this monster Battleship was one of awe. A description of her as far as I am able I will note later.
Just after leaving "prayers" were said in which we all joined, and it appears a nice feature of naval life that the sailor who does not know whether today shall be his last or not, has at all events opportunity given him to place himself under the care of the Almighty. After service all the men ran round and round the deck at a smart double to the accompaniment of bright lively tunes from the Ships band. This continued for 5 minutes, and on a blast from a bugle the whole crowd halted and instantly commenced doubling in the opposite direction as if to unwind their previous movement. At the end of the second 5 minutes the same procedure took place again, giving in all 15 minutes smart doubling, the middies accompanying the men. There followed a few minutes physical exercise prior to dismissal to their various duties.
They look a fine hefty lot of men.
We had not proceeded very far before speed was increased and soon we were dashing through the water at 25 knots. The ship was like a rock, no movement, but the wash astern was tremendous. One sea came on the after deck and gave some of our officers as well as naval officers a wetting.
We have passed two French submarines the "Le Voisier" and "Coulumb", both very queer looking craft. In passing I May mention I was today told that our A.E.2 is due here from Malta in a day or two and is to do duty here. As we neared the Dardanelles we saw three rather fine looking battleships, and when passing about 500 yd from them I enquired their names. I was informed they were merchant service ships, rigged as dummies; funnels, guns, wireless gear, fighting tops etc. They are evidently serving a very useful purpose in "bluffing" the Turks.
When we came off the entrance to the Dardanelles course was set up the West Coast of the Gallipoli peninsula at a distance of probably six or seven thousand yards from the shore. Just about this time a Destroyer of the "Beagle" class (a later class from Australian "River" type) joined us and convoyed us round till the time for leaving in the afternoon.
As we were coming up to the entrance we could see on our left at some distance the fleet of Men O’ War standing by, and actually at the entrance three Men O’ War and a Destroyer. Two of the Men O’ War were "proping off" in the direction of Troy, searching for Field Howitzers and incidentally practising communication by wireless from Aircraft working in conjunction with them and "spotting" their shooting for them. We could see the flashes of discharge at the ships side, and bursts of shell on main land.

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The third Man O’ War was the "Swiftsure" and the Admiral of the "Queen Elizabeth" (Vice Admiral de Roebeck) told me she would be shooting later in the day. We followed up the Coast as far as "Suvla Bay" and "Cape Suvla", then turned and came back, but this time much nearer the coast, being I estimated between three and four thousand yards off shore. We were asked not to show ourselves but to remain under cover, which we did. On the run back along this coast the engines were reversed (to test some work recently completed) and for a little time we travelled stern first. At this juncture 4 shots were fired at us presumably from 6" guns ashore. The shells hit the water with a big splash some hundreds of yards in front of us. I made rough sketches of the Country in outline as seen from the ship, and there appeared to me to be quite a number of suitable landing places, but "Suvla Bay" appears to be the best spot, and from my observations of today I hope the Artillery will be directed to this Bay. The Country looks very well. Green sward intermingled with scrub, and altogether it looks quite good country to work in. The High land in vicinity of Trig Station 706 at narrowest part of Peninsula is apparently strongly held, any number of trenches being visible. They May be dummies, but at all events they are sited on a very commanding height.
We crossed the entrance to Dardanelles from North to South, then steamed for some distance along the coast on the Asia Minor side. Here again I made some more outline sketches. The large village of "Yeni Shehr" had been heavily bombarded and certainly showed the result in the ruined condition of its buildings.
Passing further south we saw a big group of Man o’ War. (I should say about 50 of all classes and nationalities) at anchor under the lee of Tenedos island. Then we headed for home and reached the moorings in Mudros Bay at 6PM.
The officers on the ship were particularly kind to us, and went to no end of trouble to explain everything possible. We all had an opportunity of examining the mechanism of the wonderful 15" guns and saw them loaded. The whole process only takes about a minute. We saw the record of rounds fired by one forward 15". The Gun Layer had marked in pencil on the inside of the Turrett "Angry Rounds"
March 3rd ???????? 11 Kilidbakr
March 18th ???????? 32 Chanak
I do not know how many rounds the others fired. Shrapnel for 15" is carried on board. One can hardly imagine the scatter of bullets from one round if nicely burst in air. The eight 15" guns constitute

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the main armament, and in addition there are a number of 6" and Anti Submarine and Aircraft guns. Eight torpedoes are carried aft with two tubes, and I understand the same forward.
Ship is driven by turbines, with oil fuel. Engine and boiler rooms spotlessly clean. The "Queen Elizabeth" has in all been hit 15 times, chiefly with Field Howitzers, doing practically no damage except to wooden decking. One shell about 2/3 the size of our 18pr entered the side of Ward room, then burst, the bullets scoring the top of the heavy Cedar tables and spattered in inside partition, the case going through. In making its entry the shell cut a piece out of the ship’s side, about 10" long and about 6" wide. These trophies have been mounted. The shell on a board, the fragments of ships side as a gong, and the gunmetal fuze from the shell fitted to an ebony handle and used as a striker for the gong. Luckily no one was present in the Ward room when the visitor called. Altogether the day was most interesting and instructive.
When I finished dinner I reported to Col Hobbs (who had arrived in Port during the day) and was informed I am to go up again tomorrow in the "Queen", also a fine Man o’ War, and I am given to understand that I shall in all probability have the honour of directing the first Field Artillery to commence Land operations.
On Colonel Hobbs ship I met a brother of Major Macksworth. He also is a major and belongs to the Flying Corps. He is to assist the navy by "Spotting".

Tuesday 13th April

Landing parties working all day practising. At 2.30 PM I reported to the "Minnewarka", thence proceeded by launch to H.M.S. "Queen". Here were assembled the senior officers of the previous day’s excursion, with some others and Generals Birdwood and Bridges. The idea is to get in close to Gallipoli Peninsula and thoroughly examine the Coast line with a view to possible landing places.
The Admiral (Admiral Thursby) gave us during the afternoon an account of the navy operations up to date and outlined the proposed Combined action of Navy and Army. General Birdwood also spoke to us and informed us that the 29th Division, a French Division and the Royal naval Division were to cooperate with us. Details are confidential, but I think my memory will not fail me when the time comes to recount our movements. The undertaking is a colossal one, and is unique in the World’s History. We had all brought our blankets etc and made beds for ourselves in various odd places.

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At daylight we were w ell into the Gulf of Saros, and steamed slowly down close to the shore, past Cape Suvla and down to Cape Helles. My previous opinion of the Coast and Country is confirmed, and I think the job we are called upon to tackle can be carried out successfully by our Australian troops.
After crossing the Entrance to the Dardanelles we steamed over to Tenedos. Here Major Villiers Stewart was landed. We saw the combined fleet at anchor, the little village with its tile roofs and the Venetian castle in the foreground. We steamed round the island, testing a special trailer shell for use against aircraft as we went along.
Returned to anchorage at Mudros at 4 PM. Altogether an exceedingly interesting trip.
Detailed Mr Vowles from the Brigade to report to Head quarters at 9 AM today for duty as forward observing officer for Navy shooting.
Landing from Transports being practised all day.
I hope to secure charts of all this part of the world, so that on my return, I shall be in a better position to describe to others my movements.

Thursday 15th April

Boat crews operating all day. I went out with a party at 9.30 for Mudros Village. Passed a "tow" consisting of horses and guns from 8th Battery who were landing. They are I understand to be first ashore when business begins. Mudros Village is a very quaint place, and apparently very old. I walked through the village, thence along a road for 3 miles round the shore where our Artillery and Infantry were practising landings, from which spot my boat picked me up.
The country is fairly extensively cultivated, wheat and oat crops about 12" high and look extremely pretty, for millions of scarlet Shirley poppies and a small variety of blue pea are scattered all over the fields.
On the hillsides numerous mills are to be seen. Built of rubble masonry about 20’ in diameter and about 25 feet high, they are fitted with a huge frame, carrying sails, which are set whenever the wind blows or there is grain to grind. These frames activate a crank shaft which in turn operates mill stones. They look very quaint indeed.
I passed several small flocks of sheep, each with its shepherdess and the proverbial crooked stick. Sheep appear almost like small Angora goats with their long silly coats, and every second sheep carries a bell, so that in approaching a flock of sheep one hears a strange musical effect.

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There are several villages around the shores of the bay. I should like to get inland and look at the Capital. The Harbour is very lively today. More Transports have come in, and naval pinnaces are all over the place, towing boat loads of soldiers. I should dearly love for Charley to be transferred to this station. I could then hope to see something of him. I think I shall try the Admiral.

Friday 16th April

Today has been spent in practising landing, etc. First the 7th Battery disembarked 12 horses by means of ships into a punt, then gun and lumber and 2 wagons and limbers into another punt. These were towed ashore by naval pinnace, horses and vehicles put ashore and afterwards reloaded on to Punts, returned to ships and reslung into hatches. After lunch the 3rd Battery did similar work, and the 3rd BAC also, so that now with the exception of Major Burgess’ battery each unit of my Brigade has had experience of landing work. Colonel Hobbs informed me today that I am to temporarily command the Batteries on this Ship, and that my batteries and Col Johnstone’s batteries are to be landed simultaneously. If we cannot beat him and ensure that the 7th Battery fires first shot I shall be disappointed. All work today most efficiently carried out and without accident, except for one man who fell off a punt and thoroughly enjoyed his swim to the gangway.
I have much admired the Middys’ today handling their picket boats like old salts.

Saturday 17th April

Went ashore this morning with boats crew to Mudros Village. Major King and Capt Rigall accompanied me. We roamed through the village, had a good look at French troops and the quaint streets, houses and people of the Village. Major King took some photographs. We then walked round through the fields to where landing was taking place. We all picked some poppies and daisies to enclose in our last home letters. We had a look through one of the many mills in this island. They do their work exceedingly well. We saw the Mountain Batteries of the 29th Division coming ashore and after seeing their work I am convinced our Field batteries can "run rings" round them and could come into action in many minutes less than these folk appear to do. The Contrast was very marked today. Our ship has today handed over six life boats to the "Suffolk". She was evidently short and we had more than we required. Quite a sensation

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was caused here by news received today. A Turkish Torpedo boat which evidently came out from Smirna intercepted the Transport "Manitou" from Alexandria, ordered her troops and crew to take to boats prior to being sunk. About 60 troops and crew crowded into a lifeboat, but the davits collapsed and precipitated the occupants of the boat into the water. In the meantime the Torpedo boat had sighted Transport "Osiris" also from Alexandria, and steamed off to treat her in like manner. Her captain however managed to escape, and in the excitement the first steamer also escaped. Both arrived here today. I understand the 60 men were drowned, but whether as a result of the accident or because in steaming away to save the rest they had to be sacrificed I do not know.
We hear that in all probability we shall be moving to our goal on Monday. I have been carefully marking on my maps position of enemy’s guns and trenches as discovered by Aeroplane Reconnaissance, and after afternoon tea I lectured to the Officers in the Saloon, showing them what they were up against. Received letter from Charley.

Sunday 18th April

An easy day. Some boat loads of men went ashore, several officers with them. Corporal Hare conducted Service in the evening. A very good muster including ships officers and an excellent address. Saw Colonel Hobbs and General Birdwood on the "Minnewarka" during the afternoon. Received letter from Alvord.

Monday 19th April

Very useful work done today. Several punt loads of Horses went ashore (72 Horses in all including Jack & Dick). They had a good swim and roll, also a feed of splendid clover. All transhipping done without hitch or accident. Major Hughes moved a Section to forward hold so as to admit of both holds working vehicles and horses simultaneously. Attended conference on "Minnewarka" at 4.30 PM. Operation Order No 1 issued and carefully considered. Further conference of Brigade Commanders arranged for Wednesday morning. Combined naval and Military Signal book issued with Amendments and Additions. The following British ships (exclusive of submarines, Torpedo boats and Destroyers) are to cooperate in attack: - "Queen Elizabeth", "Agamemnon", "Lord Nelson", "Vengeance", "Triumph", "Prince of Wales", "Albion", "Goliath", "Blenheim", "Hussar", "Ark Royal", "Swiftsure", "Cornwallis", "Canopus", "Implacable", "London", "Queen",

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"Prince George", "Majestic", "Inflexible", "Dartmouth", "Dublin", "Talbot", "Doris", "Minerva", "Sapphire", "Amethyst", "Euryalus", "Bacchante", "Adamant". Quite a substantial list, and one capable of giving the Turk something to remember. Dined on the "Minnewarka", and afterwards had conference with Colonel Hobbs.

Tuesday 20th April

Conference of my Battery Commanders at 10AM. Carefully went through all Orders and instructions with them. Very blowy day, no work possible outside ship. Wrote letters, probably the last for some time, to Charley, Alvord, Chris, Father & Mother and Nell.

Wednesday 21st April

Very rough this morning. Conference on "Minnewarka" at 9 AM. C.O.s did not reach there till 10. I had an exciting row across in one of our ship boats. The Admiral as well as General Birdwood and Bridges addressed us, and went carefully into the details of our landing. The 3rd Infantry Brigade which is to be the covering force is to land about 4 AM. And carry the position at the point of the bayonet. The main body expects to be disembarked by 8.30, and then my ship is the first to discharge Artillery. If we have anything like luck my Brigade will fire the first Australian Angry Field Artillery round. The 7th Battery is up against it, and I am looking to them to do well. We have received our sailing instructions today, which show that we are to be in our Berth for discharge on the Gallipoli Peninsula Coast near Gaba Tepe at 8.30 AM on Friday 23rd inst.
Later instructions came this afternoon, notifying a postponement of operations till Saturday 24th inst. This is on account of the rough weather, but as sea and wind have now gone down the Admiral May tomorrow revert to his original intention. We are all impatient to be at it. Everybody getting packing done for shore work, and rations for men and horses issued.

Thursday 22nd April

Still lying at anchor. One of our Transports stuck on the mud in the Bay, and so far they have been unable to pull her off. Chief Engineer and Third Officer today took photographs of officers grouped on Bridge deck. They have turned out very well. Received letter from Chris. Replied at once to him and enclosed photo of self and two officers in Goat Skin Coats, also picture of "Queen Elizabeth". Capt Jopp and orderly reported to "Minnewarka" at 12 noon for duty with Colonel Hobbs as

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Forward Observing Officers. Party of A.B. Seaman, Petty Officer and Chief Gunner reported to me today from H.M.S. Bacchante for working of Horse boats. Detailed information from Lord Kitchener to Gen Sir Ian Hamilton re victory in Mesopotamia. Turks fought bravely and had to be turned out of their positions at the point of the Bayonet.
Quite a large Australian mail arrived today, everybody delighted. Captain has just given permission for 1st and 2nd Officers of this ship with crews to work launches when towing horse and gun boats ashore. We want to "bag" them to work our ship if possible, for we want to work against time and land on Batteries first. We want, or rather, I want to ensure one of my batteries firing the first shot from Field Artillery. Troop ship just entered the Harbour and passed us, carrying troops wearing a red Tarbouch. They look very much like Egyptian troops.

Friday 23rd April

Chief Officer secured a Tug yesterday and was appointed her Skipper to assist in towing troops ashore at Gallipoli Peninsula. The Second Officer is with him also to act as relief Skipper, and a crew of firemen etc also went from this ship. The chief went off this morning at &AM. Standing on his bridge giving orders he was as proud as a peacock and as "happy as Larry". We left our anchorage a few minutes after 4, and steamed to an anchorage in the outer harbour outside the boom.
We lined troops on deck and saluted Men O’ War as we passed down between them and the Transports. The sight this evening was really beautiful, a glassy sea, several Transports anchored and others moving into anchorages in the outer Harbour, some Transports moving out to sea towing horse boats etc, escorted by three Men O’ War, British, French and Russian, Torpedo destroyers and Submarines and no end of Transports, and then just to make the picture complete a fine large waterplane manoeuvred over us in the setting sun. As darkness fell, a large Hospital ship lying outside turned on her lights. All her ports are screwed with [indecipherable] glass, and a large Red Cross device in red lamps is emblazoned on her side. The reflection in the water is very pretty. Then to finish off the whole scene the search lights on shore lit up the entrance to the Bay where booms are stretched across. Ahead of us out to sea are Destroyers and Torpedo boats also a couple of Men O’ War acting as sentries over us. I don’t know when I have seen a finer sight. I should say

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there were about 150 craft of all kinds, Men O’ War and Transports.
We saw an amusing incident this afternoon. As the three above mentioned Men O’ War headed by the Flagship were proceeding line ahead, the second ship crossed over very close in front of the bows of a moving Transport.
As the ship passed us we noticed Signals flashing from the Flag Ship Search lights and I read the following message. "You should not have crossed the bows of the Transport in the narrows. It was unnecessary and unseamanlike". So someone got a wigging for the manoeuvre.
The Attack on Gallipoli Peninsula is timed for Sunday morning, and we are to remain at Anchor here tomorrow and leave about 1 AM on Saturday night arriving off the Gallipoli coast in time to commence our disembarkation about 8.30 AM. We shall spend tomorrow in overhauling all our equipment seeing that everything is secure and ready for transhipment to Horse and gunboats. Posted my last letter to Nell and Chris and a card to Alvord.

At Anchor in Outer Harbour. Early in the morning Transports and Men O’ war commenced to move out from Mudros Bay. The most impressive sight was between two and three o’clock. At 2PM the "Queen Elizabeth" steamed out flying the Flag of Vice Admiral De Roebeck. Then followed the "Queen" flying the flag of Rear Admiral Thursby, who is in charge of the Fleet actually assisting our Army Corps, then five other ships including the "Triumph", "Majestic" and "Bacchante", who are all covering our landing. Then following came seven Destroyers, 3 of the Beagle Class, and 4 of older pattern. They made a very fine show. Two Hospital Ships came in today making 5 in all of a total capacity of 2500 beds. Evidently serious casualties are expected.
At 4.30 this afternoon I addressed all troops on board and wished them well in the ensuing operations. After dinner tonight a church service was conducted by a leading Seaman of the Navy (who is on board with some details for handling Horse and Gun boats) and Corporal Hare.
Corporal Hare in particular gave a very fine address. It did one good to hear the men singing "Nearer my God to Thee", "Stand up, Stand up for Jesus", "God be with you till we meet again", "God Save the King" and "Auld Lang Syne". The air tonight seems electrical. Everybody is in splendid spirit and ready for tomorrow’s momentous happenings.
We leave here during the night and by daylight should be off the Gallipoli coast, and, we hope, watching the landing of our Second Brigade Infantry, the First (3rd) Brigade being landed by daylight.

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We shall all endeavour to get a good night’s rest. Goodness knows when we will get our next, perhaps it May be a very long night for some of us. We can only do our best, and I am sure everybody will do that. I wonder whether there will be any further entries in this Diary.

May 1st 1915

After some days’ fighting I now have an opportunity to post up my Diary, but events have crowded upon us so fast that I am sure I shall not be able to record half of what I know would be intensely interesting could I remember.

Sunday 25th April

Went up on Captain’s Bridge at 1.15AM, left Mudros at 1.25 AM. I turned out at 5.15AM and heard the heavy booming of guns. The much looked for attack on Gallipoli Peninsula had at last commenced and our turn to fight has come. We watched the Bombardment at Cape Helles till 8.30, and what an Inferno it seemed. Ships belching out flame and loud report, and shell bursting on land with a terrific detonation. Then we steamed into our allotted position beside HMS "Queen" for anchorage opposite Gaba Tepe point. We could see our fellows scaling the hill sides, and at intervals saw groups doubling through a Wheat Field on the extreme right flank, and getting up on to the sky line of the ridges. Shrapnel was bursting over them, but these particular men seemed to have a charmed life and all seemed to escape bullets. The stretch of water between the ships and the shore, through which all boats carrying troops had to pass, and also boats bringing wounded back to the Hospital ships was literally bespattered with Shrapnel, apparently from guns located at Gaba Tepe, from which position they could enfilade the beaches.
At 9.30, 6" guns opened fire on the Transports which were anchored. The first four shells, apparently ranging rounds, fell about 500 yards from our ship. Our fellows let out a derisive cheer, but soon became subdued and a little more concerned. Three single rounds were next fired, falling much nearer to us, then two salvos of three each. On shell fell under our bow, 20 yards away, while two groups of three fell about 10 yards on either side of the ship, and one shell fell 5 yards from a Torpedo boat. Our men now began to realise that being shelled while the ship was stationery, and being unable to answer back, was no joke. Luckily no damage was done but we "upanchored" and steamed out at 10.15 keeping under weigh till 12 noon. All the time we were impatiently waiting a signal from the

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"Queen" to take up our Anchorage again. Mean while HMS "Triumph" and "Bacchante" carried on a rigorous bombardment of Gaba Tepe in an endeavour to stop the guns that were shelling the beach and landing parties. A little before 1 Pm we received the Signal to move into our allotted Anchorage. I did not wait for the naval boats to come alongside, but after issuing the necessary instructions to the battery Commander concerning the landing of their guns, I disembarked in a ship’s boat manned by a volunteer crew from our 3rd Brigade Ammunition Column, who were for the present to remain on the Ship. I took 18 men of my Head Quarters staff, my medical Officer (Capt Marks) and my orderly officer (Lieut Richards). The Adjutant had gone ashore earlier with Col Hobbs. Shrapnel fell round us on the journey to the shore, but no one was hit. One of the boat party however on returning to the ship was caught by a shrapnel bullet, hitting him in the mouth and passing down his chest. The wound is not considered very serious.
Immediately on landing I instructed my party to secure a sheltered position under the cliffs, while I reported to Col Hobbs, and was informed the General had decided no Artillery was to land during the day. I was very much upset over this decision for I was hoping to get our guns into position today. Col White then commandeered me, gave me an officer as Adjutant, and instructed me to collect all Infantry stragglers, (many of whom were coming back to the beach from the firing line assisting wounded comrades) form them up and get them to the Right Flank. I met Colonel Lee of the 9th Battalion, who was in a terrible state of mind and assured me his Battalion had been practically wiped out. I gathered together all the Infantry I could find who were unwounded, and used them to unload ammunition for use of firing line and to carry same up. The Indian mountain guns just above me on the hills were pounding away in great style, but I hear have suffered many casualties.
In view of the Generals’ decision that no guns should come ashore today instructions were sent to Col Johnstone of 2nd Bde, and Major Hughes of my Brigade to defer disembarkation. Col Johnstone was however under weigh with one gun, so he was allowed to land, and got his gun into action close to the beach, against guns at Gaba Tepe, and he undoubtedly temporarily silenced them.
At 5 PM I informed Col White I had carried out the task allotted to me in gathering up Infantry, and then proceeded to thoroughly reconnoitre the Right Flank position which seemed a naturally strong position, and one which I had carefully studied from the Ship while waiting to disembark. At this time there was plenty of shrapnel and rifle bullets flying round

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and also, many dead men. It was generally a very hot time. I shall never forget the sight of hundreds of wounded, in all sorts of conditions, lying on stretchers on the beach, awaiting to be taken off to the Hospital Ships. The actual details of the landing of the 3rd Brigade Covering Force I know little about, but the information concerning that will doubtless be made public in detail.
The first reconnaissance was a weird and fascinating experience. My trusty Bligh accompanied me all round. We traversed deep ravines, and climbed steep cliffs, carrying nothing but a Sam Browne belt, and a stick, yet I had a hard job to negotiate the hills. How our fellows ever fought their way over these ravines and cliffs will ever remain a mystery to me. Their tracks were marked by discarded packs, picks, shovels and equipment generally. They found it necessary to travel "light", with their rifle and bayonet only. Their tracks too were sadly marked by dead and wounded casualties. The Stretcher bearers did marvellous and glorious work. The Beaches at the time were a mass of Staff officers, stores, wounded, fresh troops etc. I wish I had a photograph of this scene as I saw it.
I returned to Head Quarters just before dark, and told Col Hobbs what I had done, and that I could find suitable places for batteries. Both the Col and Major Anderson questioned the possibility of doing what I said I could do, they having according to their own statement previously been over the ground. In discussing the matter fully I ascertained they had not been within a mile of the line I had reconnoitred. I again carefully tramped over the ground, Bligh accompanying me, and later reported to Col Hobbs and General Bridges that I could use Artillery effectively on extreme Right Flank. The General agreed to let me have two Batteries but afterwards altered to 2 guns, and then cancelled altogether. I had in my reconnaissance conferred with Col Onslow Thompson, Colonel Garside and Col Bolton as to enemy’s position, and they were delighted when I informed them I was to bring up Artillery. We had waited on the beach all night for the two guns to be landed and did not know till 5.30AM that arrangements had been cancelled. No sleep the first night. If I had had a chance I am sure I could not have slept under the conditions.
My Head Quarters men worked like Trojans making a roadway up to the Green [wheat] Field I have previously referred to, and very excellent work they did. Towards morning drizzling rain began to fall, and in addition the air was very cold, so our first night at Gallipoli was not too pleasant.

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Monday 26th April

Early in the morning 1 gun of 1st Battery under Major Sweetland and 1 gun of 4th Battery under Lieut Siddall came into action on the extreme right of ridge (Low Scrub Hill) overlooking Gaba Tepe. The 4th Battery did excellent work all day against Infantry targets ranging from very close ranges to about 1000 yards. Lt Irwin did good work with 1st Battery gun, but the Major in charge proved a great disappointment, but I do not want to say more here. Later in the morning 4 guns and wagons of 7th Battery came ashore and I at once ordered two of that Battery’s guns into position, making a complete Composite Battery. There also came ashore 2 guns of 3rd Battery and 4 guns of 8th Battery. These latter had evidently come ashore in error and were ordered back to their Ships by Col Hobbs. I also, later in the afternoon, ordered back 1st Battery and 4th Battery guns, replacing them with the remaining two guns of 7th Battery, thus having this Battery complete on the position. The Infantry was very happy to see Artillery. Our position was absolutely in the Infantry trenches and on the sky line and of course there was no Infantry in front of our guns. It would have been quite useless to come into action behind the Infantry as then in order to clear the crest we should have had to fire at nothing less than 3000 yards, and our chief targets were from 500 to 1000 yards. The day was very exciting, and our shooting was a marked contrast to Practice camp work where every round is husbanded most carefully. Each gun fired during the day about 400 rounds. All our officers and men stood up to the ordeal splendidly. Got our Telephone communications established with Head Quarters. I was with my orderly Bligh lying down on the crest in a small hole which is later to become my Head Quarters when an Infantryman came rushing over to me bringing a message from Brigadier McKay. Just as he reached within a few yards of me he fell mortally wounded with a rifle bullet. The next instant my two linesman who were completing the laying of telephone cable came to the spot with their heavy reel, and hearing bullets singing past, they made one leap into my hiding place, and with their reel fell in a heap on top of me – and they weren’t very light either.
We spent the night entrenching. Beautiful sight, Search lights and big fleet of Transports and Men O’ War making an ensemble that will never be effaced from the memory of those who were privileged to see it. On the one side Peace – on the other rifle, machine gun and artillery fire.
The fleet bombarded the enemy’s position during the evening. Quiet night. I am in a strong position, though a tactically unsound one, my guns being actually in the Infantry firing line. Colonel Hobbs this evening seemed much affected, and expressed his sincere thanks for my assistance.

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Tuesday 27th April

I have assisted Major Hughes throughout the night with his different guns as well as yesterday and nobody has had any sleep. At 3.30 AM while I was controlling one of the guns we received word that the enemy were massing in a piece of scrub land about 5 acres in extent. I immediately opened fire and thoroughly searched this area using in all 36 rounds of shrapnel. We heard yells and cries of "Allah" and we know we got into a nest of Turks preparing for a morning attack. These rounds drew fire from the Dardanelles, in the vicinity of Fort 32, but whether from forts or ships we could not ascertain. Twelve rounds were fired, apparently 6" or 8". Six rounds fell among the Transports but no damage was done. We have had a fairly quiet day, both sides digging hard. We engaged Infantry several times successfully. Fairly quiet night. Both Infantry in the trenches and gunners ready for any attack. Turks attacked twice but were repulsed. We used shrapnel effectively, sometimes at Zero. Plenty of dead Turks lying in the Field immediately to our left front, some being no more than 25 yards from our Infantry line. I am informed that among our killed are Colonel MacLaurin and his Brigade major, Major Irvine, also Col Clarke and Col Onslow Thompson. The fleet again bombarded. Our Brigade Ammunition Column has been and is doing excellent work in supplying ammunition by hand to the guns. They have about half a mile to carry it, and in that half mile rise 400 feet, and at the same time have to cross a bullet swept area.

Wednesday 28th April

Searched gullies again just at dawn and got a good few Turks. Steady shelling all day. Repeating previous days’ work. Twice during the night shelled massing Infantry. We have fired about 1800 rounds to date. In view of our peculiar position, having 187° of open country to watch, I have an officer fighting each gun singly, so that fire can be directed on any point at a second’s notice.
This is giving splendid experience to No 1 and section Commanders.

Thursday 29th April

Fairly steady day. "Bacchante" shelled trenches on contour 400 and did excellent shooting. Enemy preparing trenches against Left flank. Heavy cannonade of enemy’s artillery about 5.30 PM. The navy at once responded. Enemy’s battery of six field guns (about 14 ½ pr) seems to be getting plenty of shrapnel. As yet we have been unable to

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locate it. Adjutant taken to assist General Cunliffe Owen.
Col Hobbs and Col Christian came up this afternoon to our position. As the Turks came along Contour 400 in good number, we were able to give them an afternoon’s experience of unique character. Col Christian had a few shots with a rifle and affirms he laid out a couple of Turks. All our people very exhausted. I have had no sleep since landing. Have arranged for portion of 8th and 9th Battery personnel to take a few days on 7th Battery guns, partly to relieve the 7th personnel and partly to give them experience.

Friday 30th April

Comparatively quiet morning. Col MacLagan with 3rd Infantry Brigade relieved troops on this flank. Generals Birdwood, bridges and Walker with me inspecting position and discussing situation. This afternoon enemy again came along Contour 400 in fairly large numbers. We opened fire using about 80 rounds, getting good effect. A 6" gun opened fire on us about 5 o’clock from our Right Flank. Capt Leslie engaged it with time shrapnel, also HMS "London" but latter would not correct line. Enemy fired 4 rounds and then ceased. We had a fairly quiet night.
The casualties to date in our Brigade areas follows:-
April 25th - Fitter Legeant - 3rd B.A.C. - Shrapnel bullet through mouth.
April 26th - Gunner Eagle - 7th Battery - Bullet through leg.
April 27th -Sergt Braithwaite - 7th Battery - Bullet through left shoulder.
April 27th - Corporal Bliss - 7th Battery - Bullet over shoulder blade.
April 28th - Gunner Coleman - 3rd B.A.C. - Bullet through left thigh
April 30th -Sergt Day - 8th Battery - Bullet through right thigh.
April 30th -Gr Steglitz - 7th Battery - Bullet through thigh.
April 30th - Fitter Price - 7th Battery - Bullet graze at eye.

Saturday 1st May

A quiet night. One attack only, and only once did we Loose off guns. During the day the enemy were observed removing equipment from their dead. In cases where we could locate a number the guns spoke. Major Bergen’s gun located and destroyed two machine gun sand bagged emplacements. Capt Rogers gun located transport and shelled it. The 6" gun on our Right Flank again began talking, also another gun from a position further north. Their observer audaciously came up on the sky line and in consequence got a shell from Rogers. They appear to shift their guns at night. Major Browne brought a section ashore ready for a forward movement tomorrow. It has been bad luck that the balance of guns of my Brigade have up till now not been allowed to land.

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Sunday 2nd May

Just a week ashore. Time does fly along. An advance intended for tomorrow. This will give us a first class position for Artillery observation. The 6" gun again opened on us this morning but from a new position. We have not yet located it. Major Burgess this morning took on Artillery coming into action, and Lieut Crisp machine guns in action. As I write bullets are "pinging" over our "dugout". We are really very comfortable at our Head Quarters. We have one "dugout" as our office, which contains all our Telephone Service. Connected close to it we have a general living room about 9’ x 9’ and about 6 feet deep, covered with sandbags and earth. In one wall we have three wooden ammunition boxes, built in to hold our rations, glasses, revolvers and any other small articles of Kit.
On this ridge a number of small pine trees are growing, and Bligh has covered the floor with a thick layer of young branches, so we quite imagine from the smell we might be in the heart of a pine Forest. We are safe here from shrapnel fire, but of course not from heavy shell or high explosive shell. I had my first shave this morning since leaving the ship, also my first really good wash and a change of underlinen. They sent off my dressing case from the ship, for when we landed last Sunday we brought nothing except a bed and what we stood up in.
Today has been generally quiet. We dug alternative emplacements for our guns so that we can withdraw them if necessary. They will be properly sandbagged tomorrow. Position selected on Hill to my left for Major Browne to bring one gun into action. Engineers and Infantry prepared roadway and assisted our gunners to drag up the first gun and limber. Then I made arrangements for a second gun of 8th Battery. The getting of the second gun into position was much delayed because one of the enemy’s 4 gun batteries opened rapid shrapnel fire on the beach and kept everybody under cover for some time. As far as I know no casualties were reported. I expect this gun will get into action tonight and I have supplied the section with 600 rounds shrapnel just "to go on with". Our 3rd Brigade is doing admirably and I am exceedingly proud of my Command. I only hope I May be spared to lead it till the end of the war.
While I was busy on the phone tonight growling at the Staff Captain because he had not secured us 500 sandbags for entrenching as promised, I was told a mail was in. One cannot imagine how delighted we all were. I received a letter from Alvord dated 21st March, 3 from Nell dated Feby 9th, March 21st and March 22nd, also one from Arthur King

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Melbourne, Robson & Cowlishaw acknowledging medical Certificate, and one from A.T. Sharp London, saying he was sending my long wanted "Orilux lamp. Also a letter from Father and Mother and one from Mrs Parker, widow of Major Parker in answer to a letter of condolence I had written her.
I have been quite happy in my service with the guns for the past eek, though nights without sleep naturally leave one weary, particularly too when the position has been such an anxious one, but the reading of all my letters tonight made me feel somewhat unmanned. All contained prayers for my Safe Keeping. My letter from the dear old dad was perhaps the best I have ever received from him. The circumstances are unique. I read them all in my little "dugout" with an ammunition box for a seat and a candle on another box at about 9.30PM. The Navy’s guns were booming out in terrific fashion at the Southern end of Gallipoli peninsula, my four guns were talking within a few yards of me, and as every round was fired dust and dirt fell from the roof of my "cabin". The enemy’s and our rifles at the same time keeping up an incessant crackle. Of course just as I got settled to read my letters, staff officers, telephonists etc must come bothering me about something or other, while I wanted to be alone. I would give up a great deal if I could see all my family tonight. My heart is very full. The sights and experiences of the past week are indelibly stamped in my memory and can never be effaced.
Our attack scheme on Contour 400 set down for today has been postponed.

Monday 3rd May

Heavy cannonade this morning by navy. Our guns also at work early. I hear the enemy inflicted losses on our 4th Brigade about 5 A.M. this morning. The old 6" guns on our right flank again opened and fired a few rounds, but No 1 gun 7th battery stopped here. Heavy guns from direction of Fort 32 on the Dardanelles also fired many rounds at Transports and Men O’ War. One transport appeared to be hit, but not seriously damaged. General Bridges with naval officers and Col MacLagan also myself discussed sending demolition party to Gaba Tepe at 4.30 AM tomorrow. Navy to land men, who will be covered by our Artillery fire and that from destroyers. Fresh gun emplacements being made for alternative use. Major Browne now connected up by Phone. His two guns are in action. The 6" gun again opened fire this evening, but we located and stopped him. So far he has done no damage. The shells are lead coated and have no copper driving bands.
A very quiet night and little shooting.

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Tuesday 4th May

At 3.30 AM this morning I engaged enemy’s Infantry on Shrapnel ridge. At 4.30 AM party from 3rd Infantry Brigade landed on beach at Kaba Tepe, but were met by heavy machine gun fire.
Destroyers and my guns peppered the point thoroughly, but it appeared unwise to carry the attempt any further, so troops were returned in boats to the Destroyers. Bullets flew all around them, and from our gun positions we could see the whole drama. Altogether I Understand eight were killed including one officer and 18 wounded. I expect Kaba Tepe will eventually be taken from the land side. A battery came into action yesterday about 1700* distant, and let us have our first taste of shrapnel. Fortunately no harm was done. Mr Crisp located him again this morning. His men were busy making emplacements and their picks were visible. They did not remain there long. A pinnace went out about noon from the navy to bury dead from morning’s operations, under cover of Red Cross flag. They were not fired upon. At 2.30 Turks carrying Red Crescent searched for the dead and wounded. They were also not fired upon by us. Major Hughes personnel resumed duty on their guns at 4PM. Major Burgess’ personnel relieved for a few days. I heard unofficially today that Lieut Clowes and three gunners of 8th Battery had been wounded in action, but I have no definite details. There is also an unconfirmed rumour that Lieut Morgan is a casualty. A very quiet night. Both Lt Richards and myself had a good sleep.

Wednesday 5th May

Very quiet during last night and this morning. We know the Turks are busy entrenching. This morning I visited Section of our line where Major Browne has two guns. Saw Col Hobbs there also Colonel Johnstone. I think his position will turn out to be a good one and work in well with ours. On my return I met General Birdwood and Admiral Thursby. They wanted to see Kaba Tepe from landward. There has been a certain amount of activity on this point all day and No1 gun has been giving them attention. Deepening all our trenches for further security and improving approaches and exits for guns should they require to be moved. Today collected all 18pr shell cases for return to Ordnance. Operation order no 5 issued today. It provides for the transfer of two Brigades Infantry and details to Cape Helles tonight to assist 29th Division, our line in consequence being

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divided into two Sections instead of three. We are in No 1 Section, Commanded by Col MacLagan DSO Further casualties to date in the Brigade are as follows: -
Gunner Morgan - 8th Battery - Bullet wound right forearm - April 26th
Gunner Bowles - " - Bullet wound - May 3rd
Lieut M.Clowes - " - Bullet wound right chest - May 3rd
Gunner N. Piesse - " - Bullet wound, right upper arm -May 3rd
Gunner W.C. Fincher - " - Bullet wound right leg - May 4th
Hutchinson & Murdoch reported for duty from "Cardiganshire" 4 PM.

Friday 7th May

Will now continue Diary where I left off at 4.30 PM 5th inst.

Wednesday 5th May (continued)

A momentous afternoon for Major Burgess and myself. During the morning I had instructed Major Burgess to make a reconnaissance of our trenches on the Left with the object of finding a good observation post in the vicinity of Contour 400, from which to direct fire of 7th Battery. He returned to my Head Quarters about 4.45 PM and commenced to tell me all about his reconnaissance. About 5PM a few percussion and time shrapnel shell fell around us and as Major Burgess was sitting on the floor in the centre of my dugout I suggested he had better sit close against the wall with me. At about 5.15 PM a shell struck the roof of the "dugout" in the corner and burst on entry. Both Burgess and myself were momentarily stunned by the shock of the explosion. I heard Burgess say "Are you alright Colonel", I replied "Yes, are you hurt". I got no reply but found Burgess had swooned. He had a nasty gash in his neck, another on the side of his face and his face covered with gravel and blood. I stanched the bleeding with a clean towel I had handy and sent for our medical officer. He came with his Assistants and attended to Burgess. In the meantime I discovered my own head was bleeding profusely and I also had a fragment in my right knee. I managed to get down to the Dressing station of the 3rd Infantry Brigade which was close to us. Their medical officer dressed my wounds and sent me to the Clearing Hospital on the beach. Two men (one my batman Bligh) assisted me along. In passing I want to record how proud I was of Capt Leslie and Lieut Ross with their detachment. Even while shell were falling all around them, they served their guns quite coolly, located the enemy, and wiped out two of his guns. I had to wait till 7.30 PM for

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a launch to take me off to the Hospital Ship "Gloucester Castle". About 20 wounded went off with me. A strong wind and heavy sea had sprung up, and we all got a good wetting and tossing about before reaching the ship. Then there was great difficulty in getting aboard. I managed to scramble up the Companionway but all the others were lying down cases and had to be lifted into the ship in slings with steam tackle. When the doctor came to overhaul me, he found my injuries to consist of severe contusions on head, neck, shoulders and back, (due to the blast of explosion having forced gravel from roof through my coat, woollen vest, shirt and singlet, these garments being a wreck!) a bullet wound under right shoulder in the back, a bullet in upper left arm and another in right knee. He located all three bullets or perhaps pieces of gravel, and luckily my knee joint is not affected. All wounds were very painful during the night. Especially back, which was just as if I had received a severe thrashing. One of Major Hughes men (a telephonist) was hit in the arm with shrapnel about the same time as I was hit. Both Major Burgess and myself cannot understand how we escaped death. The explosions occurred in a "dugout" about 9’ X 9’ or less. A kerosene bucket in the middle off the room was riddled as also was my Sam Browne belt and other equipment, while the wall opposite where we were sitting is badly damaged and punctured. We have both come to the conclusion that we surely are not destined to be killed by shrapnel. I do not forget the letter I received the other day, in all of which I was told prayers were daily offered for my safety. Is my escape due to them? My head is still in a whirl, due I suppose to the shock of explosion in a confined space. Some of our troops (2800) with 2 batteries transferred tonight to 29th Division, Cape Helles.

Thursday 6th May

About 8 o’clock this morning my servant (Bligh) came off from the shore with my effects, and later went off to the "Cardiganshire" and got the remainder of my kit. The Senior Medical Officer, Col Ryan, has ordered me to return to Alexandria or Cairo as May be convenient, to have X rays applied to my wounds to locate bullets. When extracted perhaps a week will see me fit enough to return. I am very anxious not to lose any of the show. Major Burgess came on board at 10AM with a launch of wounded, included in which was Capt Leslie. Early this morning

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a shrapnel shell caught him, smashed his thigh terribly, and badly damaged his head and chest. He died at 2 PM mainly from shock, tho’ the medical officer stated he could not possibly have survived his injuries. I feel awfully sorry. He has done most excellent work during the 11 days we have been fighting. I hear we are to leave tomorrow for Alexandria.

Friday 7th May

Left Anchorage at Kaba Tepe about 8 AM, bound for Alexandria. Beautiful weather. Dr dressed my wounds, probing bullet wounds and extracting gravel gave me fits, as also the subsequent painting with iodine. I feel fairly comfortable, but back and knee very stiff and sore.

Saturday 8th May

About 700 wounded officers and men on Board with the exception of 166 British and 7 Indians all are Australian. Many very sad cases of terrible wounds. Another man died today. Doctor applied hot fomentation to my wounds, much to my relief.
Beautiful day and smooth sea.

Sunday 9th May

Another beautiful day. Back and wounds generally feeling much easier. Arrived at Alexandria about 3 PM. Hospital train waiting alongside Quay. About 250 stowed into first train which left Alexandria at 7.15 PM and arrived in Cairo at 11 PM. Three nurses, doctor and Indian attendants on board looked after men. Provided Bovril, coffee, fruit and cigarettes. Bligh accompanied me. Major Burgess stayed on ship, but I heard later went into Hospital at Alexandria. Motor ambulance took us to Heliopolis Hospital. Had wounds dressed and turned into bed at 12 midnight. Slept splendidly.

Monday 10th May

Cabled Nell telling of wounds. Wrote Charley. Mrs Christian and Harris called to see me during afternoon and in the evening Col Ryrie, Col Cox, Major Lynch and Lieut Hogue spent a half hour with me.

Tuesday 11th May

Wrote Nell, father & mother and Alvord. Capt Doody, half

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brother to our Dr Marks had along yarn with me. Mrs Sweetland, King and Rabett called on me. Wounds not feeling too well. Have to get a Skiagraph taken tomorrow. High Commissioner and Lady McMahon visited the Hospital.

Wednesday 12th May

Mr Pengelly called to see me also Mrs Mackworth. Wrote Arthur King, Melbourne. Had an X ray taken of wounds. Discovered lumps of gravel. Put me on the operating table and removed them. Nurse in attendance on the Surgeon Col Downes, proved to be Mrs Rogers, wife of Capt Rogers 8th battery.

Thursday 13th May

The Sultan visited the Hospital this morning, accompanied by Sir John Maxwell, Commanding troops in Egypt. Wounds progressing well.

Friday 14th May

Ali Bey called to see me today, bringing with him a beautiful bunch of flowers. He was greatly concerned to hear of my being wounded.

Saturday 15th May

Mr & Mrs Pengelly called to see me, and invited me to come and spend a week at their home. Mrs Pengelly who was trained as a nurse promised to dress my wounds generally.

Sunday 16th May

After lunch took train to Mena. Mr Pengelly’s man met me with his trap and drove me home.

Monday 17th May

Lounged about all day reading. Sang a few songs in the afternoon.

Tuesday 18th May

Received cable from Nell in answer to mine. Again reading all day. Wound in back feeling very sore. I think there is still some foreign substance in the wound.

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Wednesday 19th May

Went in to Heliopolis Hospital. Doctor again examined wound in back and found it unsatisfactory. He probed it, and extracted two lumps of gravel that had not previously been noticed.

Thursday 20th May

Reading all day. Had dinner with Col Springthorpe at Mena Hospital, and gave the patients (about 300) an account of Gaba Tepe action from an artillery point of view. All seemed very interested. Got Col Springthorpe to call and see Mr Pengelly - he is not at all well, and is terribly afraid he has lung trouble.
I heard today that General Bridges had died as result of wounds.

Friday 21st May

Went into Cairo to have a few articles of kit repaired and get some signal message forms for my Brigade. Went to Hospital had wounds dressed and was discharged. Wounds will not be healed for perhaps 2 weeks, but do not now require much attention, and I am anxious to get back. Had dinner at Continental Hotel. Met Mrs Doctor Stokes and Mrs Major Sutton who commenced plying me with questions, so I had to tell them all I knew of Gallipoli. I have no end of letters and packages from wives for their husbands. Drew field allowance to date. Heard from Base office that to date 89 Australian officers have been killed. Stayed at Continental Hotel for the night.

Saturday 22nd May

Left Cairo at 9.30 AM, reached Alexandria at 12.35 PM. Went to Majestic Hotel for lunch and there met several officers I knew. Could not get much information about the front. Went aboard the "Derflinger" (A.10) at 4PM. Found she was carrying over 2000 troops, and unfortunately I am the Senior Officer on board so have to take up duty as O.C. Troops. Capt McLaughlin 1st Battery is on board, so I have made him Adjutant. Ship is a captured German prize N.D. Lloyd, and very comfortable. We shall be glad however to get back to Gallipoli.

Sunday 23rd May

Owing to delay in repair of a broken steam pipe, ship did not leave Quay till 2.30 PM. We are trying to evolve order out of chaos. Nearly every arm of the service represented by small squads.

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though Infantry alone total about 1800. Some of the latter are very much a rabble, and have had too much liquor before coming aboard. At 5 PM when well out to sea we heard cries of "man overboard". One of the Infantry who was worse for liquor had fallen overboard. Buoys were thrown to him, ship turned about and a boat lowered. He managed to swim to one of the buoys and secure it, but he was in a bad way when lifted into the boat. Evidently he had swallowed a large amount of salt water.
Assembled all officers in the saloon during afternoon and arranged details re allotting of troops to decks etc. Also read out instructions from Vice Admiral Pieise, re treatment of hostile torpedo or submarine craft. Called by the Captain at 9.30 PM A ship showing only navigation lights was manoeuvring around us in a suspicious manner, but eventually went on her course. I think she was scared of our ship (being in darkness) and kept her bow on to us till we had passed.
Good night rest.

Monday 24th May

A beautiful day with smooth sea. Adjutant getting all units adjusted. Not an easy job with so many units represented. Careful lookout all day for submarines or Torpedo boats. Armed guard of 250 standing by with 750 men available at a minute’s notice. Expect to arrive at Mudros about 6 PM tomorrow. What a strange ‘Empire Day". No celebrations required this year to prove the solidity of the Empire. The world’s battle fields are sufficient indication.

Tuesday 25th May

Again a smooth sea and a very fine day. Passed Syros early in the day and reached Mudros Bay in Lemnos Island at 4.30 PM. Anchored well up the bay. A destroyer crowded with sailors entered the boom just ahead of us. Reported to "Hussan" at 5PM, thence to Headquarters on "Atlantean". Was there informed that submarines were in the vicinity of the Dardanelles and therefore it was dangerous for transports and other large vessels to proceed there. In consequence we have to wait here till trawlers carrying about 500 men apiece can deliver us to our destination. As there are 6000 troops here we May not get away for a week. I am however trying to get upon a destroyer.

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We were informed that H.M.S. Triumph was this morning torpedoed by a Submarine off Gaba Tepe, and that the sailors we saw on the Destroyer were survivors. We do not know how many casualties there were. We were also told that two nights ago the Turks, strongly reinforced, attacked our positions at Kaba Tepe at 1 AM. Our men counter attacked about an hour later and accounted for 9000 Turkish casualties, while our losses were 500. An Armistice was declared next day, the Turks burying 3000 dead. Such a heavy list of Turkish casualties makes me think our guns must have been doing good work during the night. I shall be desperately anxious to get away from this Port. I want to be with my guns.
As we are now in Port there is no trouble about darkening ship. In consequence all lights are going again. It was officially notified to us tonight that Italy has at last joined in with us and declared war against Austria. I wonder what will be the result in the Adriatic Sea. Men on board are a terribly undisciplined crowd. I have representatives of no less than 44 different units on board; some without officers, so it can be imagined how difficult it is to ensure decent troop ship discipline.

Wednesday 26th May

Much to my surprise 4 Torpedo Destroyers came alongside about 9 AM this morning to tranship us to Gallipoli. We bustled around and got our men aboard about noon leaving Mudros at 12.30PM. Each destroyer had about 500 men on board, my boat having 540 including 20 officers. She was named "Harpy". Some of these men and officers had been wounded earlier in the proceedings and were returning from Hospital. We had a beautiful trip to Gaba Tepe, quite a yachting cruise, about 50 miles at 20 knots. When we reached Gaba Tepe we were preparing to transfer into punts to be towed ashore by launches. The Turkish artillery opened on us with shrapnel firing 8 rounds. Four were effective and in a few moments we had 42 casualties on my boat, 5 being killed and 7 so badly wounded that the doctors held out no hope for them. It was a dreadful experience, and the wardroom was temporarily turned into a Hospital.
Luckily we had three doctors on board.
When I ultimately got ashore I reported immediately to General Birdwood and Col Hobbs. It was good to hear their hearty welcome, I think the more hearty because they had been watching the effect of Turkish shells on the Destroyers.

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My own officers and men particularly gave me a most hearty welcome, in fact we owe it to the work of 9th Battery guns that the Turkish Artillery was silenced early. I found letters from Nell, Chis & father awaiting me.

Thursday 27th May

Spent the day in examining our gun positions. I now have my twelve guns in action tho’ 8th Battery is temporarily attached to Col Johnstone in No 2 Section of Defence. I find my guns have done excellent work, Major Hughes acting as Brigade Commander. He will now get a few days well earned rest.
I went all over No1 Section today with Col Hobbs, and tomorrow I am to inspect No 2 Section prior to taking up duty again.
I will also inspect the New Zealand Section. Quite pleased to be back in the trenches again. Lieut Crisp promoted Captain and transferred to 7th Battery vice Capt Leslie killed in action.

Friday 28th May

Met Colonel Hobbs at Brown’s Battery at 9.30. Spent the morning with him and the two Colonel Johnstones inspecting positions. Had lunch with Col Hobbs and during the afternoon thoroughly examined the N.Z. Section. Our line appears exceptionally strong and it will require a huge army to shift us out. I am informed officially today that our casualties in the attack of a few nights ago were 283 killed and wounded. Today eighty three 6" Howitzer common shell were landed in the vicinity of Hughes Battery, but I think only accounting for about 4 men. Extraordinary how they miss us.
Received letter from Nell dated April 21st, Home dated 17th April and Charley dated May 5th.

Saturday 29th May

The enemy at 3.30 AM opened a heavy Artillery cannonade from all directions and must have fired over 1000 shell up to 5 AM, when we had managed to locate their batteries and silence them. Very little damage generally was done and very few casualties, but unfortunately two were Artillery officers, Lt Siddall of 4th Battery, and Major Bruce of Mountain Battery, both killed.
Last night a destroyer shelled the approaches from our Right Flank to Gaba Tepe. One Infantry patrol went out and got some useful information, besides

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bayonetting six Turks and capturing one. Party returned safely.
This afternoon another Battery opened fire, but Major Burgess silenced it. Today I selected new position for Head Quarters and new Brigade observing stations in vicinity of 10th and 11the Battalion observation posts. B.A.C. detachment commenced work on "dug outs".
Visited Head quarters at night, discussed question of N.S.W. Howitzers. Col Hobbs agreed to proposals and forwarded same officially. Very quiet night.

Sunday 30th May

Today we celebrate the termination of our fifth week in Gallipoli. We had a quiet morning, but after lunch the enemy again bombarded us with all sorts of Artillery, large and small, but I think without doing much damage. I was fascinated watching two guns of Phillips’ Battery. For half an hour the enemy placed heavy common shell all around him, but still his guns answered back defiance, and finally silenced the larger guns. The detachments must have nerves of iron to stand up and serve their guns during such a bombardment.
Went round position at junction of 1st and 2nd Sections this morning with Col Hobbs. Capt Waite took up duty as understudy to Major Hughes. Very quiet night.

Monday 31st May

Another very quiet day. Information has come in to the effect that the night before last Phillips guns got into the enemy’s reserves, the casualties totalling 2000. Accompanied Colonel Hobbs around the position during morning. Instructed Burgess to select and prepare new emplacement for casemate gun. Had lunch with Major Browne. Was informed Major Mills had died of wounds received at Cape Helles. Made inspection of rear of 1st Section and made sketch of road to run round & facilitate movements of guns and bodies of troops. General approved same. Quiet day and quiet night.

Tuesday 1st June

Enemy’s artillery fairly active, but little effect obtained. Our fellows are splendidly dug in. Conferred with Col Hobbs at Brown’s Battery re co-ordination of fire of 3rd F.A. Bde with Artillery of Second Section. Arranged to carry out an experimental shoot at 4 PM but had to postpone it because of necessary alterations to bring effective fire to bear over the area required. Gun emplacement altered during the night. Heavy rifle and bomb fusillade all the evening

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till about midnight. New Head Quarters so far completed as to admit of our occupying them, and slept there for the first time.

Wednesday 2nd June

All Brigade telephone lines transferred to new Head Quarters station. Met Colonel Hobbs at 7th Battery. Inspected altered emplacement. Told me of a good deal of his difficulties in dealing with Headquarters. Sent in report concerning work of Capt Leslie and Lieut Ross with their detachments on May 5th and 6th recommending them to notice.
At 3.30 PM with Major Hughes met Colonel Johnstone and registered areas in front of 2nd and A&NZ Sections, notably "Johnstones Folly" which could not be engaged by other Batteries. By actual experiment obtained necessary data to permit of engaging these localities by day or night. Major Burgess’ battery busy on "Olive Grove" guns about 6 PM. Saw Major Martin re road behind our position. Arranged to meet one of his officers tomorrow and point out what is required. Very quiet night.

Thursday 3rd June

Interview with general Carruthers explaining result of yesterday’s shoot. He was very pleased. Interviewed Engineer officers and pointed out what is required for Artillery Road. With Major Hughes tabulated result of yesterday’s shoot and recorded same on D.A. map, forwarding same to major Anderson at 10.30 AM. Heathorn and Brand returned to duty from D.A. H.Qrs. Visited Burgess’ guns this afternoon and had interview with Capt Trenchard re position of 6" Howrs. B.A.C. detachment preparing improved Roadway from our Head Qrs to beach and to Head Qrs of 3rd Infantry Brigade. Orders today record Honours and rewards conferred by the King on some of our officers and men. All richly deserved. This afternoon H.M.S. Doris put about 100 rounds of 6" stuff into Hill 971 and vicinity, her broadsides of 6 guns speaking at once.
A very unfortunate accident happened this afternoon. Major Burgess was shooting over our own Troops, when a premature occurred, due to a faulty fuze. As a result 2 men were killed and 11 wounded, among the latter being 5 officers. Enemy attacked about 9.30 PM but were driven off with loss. We also hear the Turks attacked our Southern troops yesterday but were also beaten off with heavy loss.
B.A.C. detachment at work on new track. With Major Brown selecting positions for gun emplacements, so that guns May be moved into them

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at any time, day or night.
Col Hobbs informed me more Howitzers were being landed for us.

Friday 4th June.

I was awakened this morning by heavy gun fire. Evidently our people down south are storming the heights for a terribly heavy cannonade from land batteries and naval guns has been in progress all day. There are about 115 land batteries, and I anticipate at lEast 30,000 shell have been fired there today from 12" downwards. We have been watching the cannonade and it is difficult to imagine how anything could live in the inferno there in evidence. Major Hughes has been granted a weeks rest and leaves for Lemnos this afternoon there to recuperate on the "Mumewaska". He has had a very strenuous time.
Our men make much use of a disgusting adjective and I am always checking them. I passed a group today in an Infantry trench freely using the same word. I told them I was surprised to hear Infantry using such language. "If you had been gunners, I could perhaps understand it," I said. The ringleaders reply was "Gor Blime, we are _ _ Gunners." Then I found out they were a machine gun detachment. This note is to serve me as a reminder, for a Diary is hardly a fit place for such language.
Tonight our troops carried out certain operations. It was intended to secure and permanently occupy trench in front of "Quinns." I have no knowledge of what occurred on the Left Flank, but on the Right Col MacLagan sent out patrols, who returned in due course reporting that trenches immediately to our front were unoccupied excepting for a few men. I stayed with 7th battery till 12.30 PM. I had a narrow escape from rifle bullet wound.
I was talking to a Sergeant in No 2 gun emplacement when I felt a tap on my left shoulder. On examination I found a bullet had penetrated the collar of my jacket, entered the cloth again just under the shoulder strap and came out again about 2" further on. Went round 9th Battery position with Col MacLagan, he having resumed duty to day after a short leave. Heavy Field Artillery cannonade during the night, but the result I do not yet know.

Saturday 5th June

Enemy’s Artillery opened early this morning. There appears to be a good deal of activity on Left Flank. Lieut Parker reported to me for posting to a Battery for instruction. Have sent him to 7th Battery. Had overhead cover provided to part of my "dug out". Last night secured fuze in a damaged condition from old "dug out", belonging to shell

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that "laid out" Major Burgess and myself. I shall keep it as a memento, tho’ I shall require a ship to carry away all I would like to take.
Capt Harris, Adjutant D.A.C. reported to me yesterday re duplicating Telephone and Signal Services between our Brigades and batteries. I had already done so in case of my Brigade. Track completed past Brighton Battery to Brigade Headquarters. Interview with Capt Trenchard, 6" How, regarding giving of information etc.

Sunday 6th June

A most beautiful day. The colouring of the sea has to day been a most extraordinary blue. Respirators being issued to all ranks, thus wisely guarding against the use by the Turks of asphyxiating gases as practised by the Germans. Information published in our orders today indicate that the enemy is weakening and is anxious to sue for peace. Saw Gen’s Birdwood Walker and Carruthers together with Col Hobbs and Col Johnstone at 8th Battery position.
During the afternoon enemy put in a good deal of high explosive and shrapnel shell. We located batteries in "Olive Grove" and on "Gun Ridge" and silenced them. Capt Jopp finished duty as H.Q Officer.
Rather heavy rifle fusillade during night.

Monday 7th June

Was aroused about 5.30 AM by enemy’s guns firing on Major Brown’s gun emplacements. Mountain Battery engaged them, but 9th and 7th B.Cs could not locate target. Shortly after mountain Battery opened fire enemy’s gun ceased firing. Established today Brigade Forward Observing station with Capt Jopp in charge. He will remain in his present "dug out" on the position and will be relieved by Lieut Richards and W.S. Forrest at intervals, and will also have Telephonists and observers with him as well as obtain information from Infantry observation posts. This Brigade station can communicate with all Batteries and if necessary direct their fire. Naval observing officer will also observe from our Brigade station.
With Colonel Hobbs, Major Brown and Major Burgess at the latter’s observation post. Fairly warm artillery fire while we were there, directed at Phillips Battery. Major Burgess decided to move his observing station to a spot close to my station in the lines of the 11th Battalion. He has also prepared an emplacement close to his No 3 gun for Brighton Battery gun. Track from 3rd F.A. Bde HQrs being taken along to Head Quarters 3rd Inf Brigade, and steps from our HeadQrs to firing line arranged for. Artillery road around whole

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position commenced today. Major Brown preparing an alternative emplacement for no 4 gun. Our aeroplane gain flew overhead this afternoon and dropped a bomb on the Enemy. "Ah, there she lays another egg" is the comment one hears among the Infantry when a bomb is dropped.
Sortie in front of "Quinns post" tonight. Fun commenced at 10.30 with a heavy rifle fire and plenty of trench mortar bombs. Fighting was continued fairly vigorously all through the night. Have not heard result. Heard today a big mail of 350 bags had arrived and would be unloaded this morning.

Tuesday 8th June

An exceedingly hot day. We shall find the summer fairly trying and the flies an awful nuisance. Enemy has been very quiet today and this evening. No artillery fire at all and practically no rifle fire.
Is he changing his dispositions and massing for a fresh attack or is he feeling he has had enough to go on with and wants a rest? Major Burgess completed his new observing station and my new station is under weigh. Artillery road behind position further advanced today. Artillery promotions out. Capt Lloyd will be very dissatisfied, but everybody else will agree the fair thing has been done. A monitor joined the Destroyers here yesterday, but steamed away again in the evening. I understand we are to have three stationed here.
Our big mail has not yet been delivered. The Authorities are very slow.

Wednesday 9th June

Lt Evans yesterday posted to 9th battery, vice Crisp, promoted and transferred to 7th Battery. Lt Pybus attached to 3rd B.A.C. Approval given for Lt Urquhart and Morgan to proceed to Alexandria, to relieve Capt Gee and Lt Hodgens who will report here for experience.
Lts Morgan and Urquhart leave tonight. Several men reported here this morning from Alexandria for the Brigade. Work continued on new observing station. Should be completed tomorrow. Col Hobbs called at my Headquarters this morning re Benson’s substantive promotion. I think satisfactory arrangements can be made.
Artillery road for No1 Section now about half completed. Still no sign of our big mail. Monitor fired a number of heavy rounds today. Received news of one of our submarines in Sea of Marmora, sinking a Turkish gunboat, Transports and 3 boats carrying ammunition – in all 11 ships. A fairly smart Artillery duel this afternoon. Our 4.5" Hows and some 18 prs Loosed off at targets we could not see, and for a time the enemy

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replied fairly fiercely. He gave in at last.
The following is a complete list of 3rd FA Brigade Casualties to June 10th 1915.
Headquarters
Lt Col C. Rosenthal wounded 5.5.15
No 2087 Corporal A.c. Croud Killed 10.5.15
Total 1 wounded, 1 Killed 2
7th Battery
No 1616 Gr H.P. Eagle wounded 26.4.15
1615 Sergt T.F. Braithwaite " 27.4.15
1617 Copl L.R. Bliss " 27.4.15
1643 Gr A.F. Steiglitz " 30.4.15
1659 Gr R. Anderson " 5.5.15
1636 Br L.R. Bumpus " 6.5.15
1652 Gr l.R. Hughes " 6.5.15
Capt W.A. Leslie Killed 6.5.15
1630 Gr C. Shields wounded 6.5.15
1635 Gr S. Mitchell " 8.5.15
1620 Sergt W. Pinder " 10.5.15
1654 Br W.P. Sparkes " 12.5.15
1613 Cpl E.L. Coleman " 12.5.15
2256 Gr J.A. Hale " 15.5.15
1647 Gr H. Toll " 19.5.15
1658 Gr N. Unwin " 19.5.15
Total 1 Killed; 15 wounded. 16
9th Battery
Major W.H.L. burgess wounded 5.5.15
No 1959 a/Br F.H. Brown " 4.5.15
No 2631 B.S.M. C. Light " 8.5.15
2027 Gr A.W. Parry Killed 11.5.15
1975 Br C.G. Davies wounded 14.5.15
1961 Br A.R. Brown " 17.5.15
Total 1 Killed, 5 wounded 6
3Rd Brigade Ammunition Column
No 2262 Fitter W. Sergent. wounded 25.4.15 (Died at Malta 8.5.15)
3716 Gr H. Coleman " 26.4.15
3753 Dr W.D. Hawthorn missing 3.5.15
3371 Gr C.J. Waller wounded 20.5.15
2141 Dr W. Broadwith " 27.5.15
2708 Gr J.E. Le Masurier Killed 29.5.15
3718 Gr M. McDonnell " 29.5.15
2190 Dr C. Kithen wounded 10.6.15
Total 3 Killed, 5 wounded 8
8th Battery
No1854 Gr W.C. Morgan wounded 26.4.15
1787 Sergt G.Day " 30.4.15
Lieut N.Clowes " 4.5.15
1868 Gr M.H. Piesse " 4.5.15
1809 Gr W.C. Fincher " 4.5.15
1766 Gr F.W.C. Bowler " 4.5.15
Gr A.C. Goddard " 6.5.15
1863 Gr D.L. Lovell " 6.5.15
1862 Gr F.A.W. Smith " 6.5.15
1773 Sergt T.R. Braidwood " 6.5.15
3046 Gr A.E. Benson Killed 7.5.15
1794 Bdr S.J. Cameron wounded 7.5.15
1890 Gr C.J. Paterson " 7.5.15
1870 Gr A.G. Paterson " 7.5.15
1832 Lpl J.P. Hammer " 7.5.15
1774Gr V.G. Benson " 8.5.15
1828 Gr H.S. Hope " 8.5.15
1853 Gr E.L. Menagh " 8.5.15
1841 Gr J.A. Kierath " 8.5.15
1864 Cpl W. Pusey " 9.5.15
1896 Gr F.A. Watson " 9.5.15
1822 Gr W.N. Hamilton " 18.5.15
1893 Whaler R. Williamson " 19.5.15
1797 Gr E.J. Day " 31.5.15
1765 Gr R.A. Beesley " 1.6.15
Total 1 Killed, 24 wounded 25
Total Brigade Casualties out of 350 men ashore – 7 killed, 50 wounded – Total 57

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Thursday 10th June

While at work on my Head Quarters observing station this morning one of the B.A.C. Drivers was hit with a bullet. His wound is in the abdomen and is serious. This casualty caused me to look up our Brigade list, which I have entered on the previous page. It shows 7 killed and 50 wounded. A fairly heavy percentage out of 350 men, which is all I have ashore. The remainder are at Alexandria attending to Brigade Horses.
The enemy’s artillery this morning and again this afternoon opened up a smart cannonade, but our guns soon silenced them. Once our shrapnel gets near them they seem disinclined to serve their guns. Otherwise a quiet day.
General Fuller R.A, the senior Artillery officer with the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force was round the lines today with General Cunliffe Owen. The latter did not do either Colonel Hobbs or Brigade Commanders the common courtesy of informing them they were coming around. As a consequence General Owen, who really knows very little of our work from personal observation (as he never comes near our emplacements) has doubtless received what Commendation General Fuller had to bestow. Very quiet evening. I am now writing in my "dugout" at 8.10PM in the twilight and hardly a sound of battle can be heard. The enemy has been very quiet indeed the last three days. A shell today pierced Richards’ observation shield.

Friday 11th June

Two very heavy rifle fusillades during the night, possibly enemy attacking. Completed Brigade Forward officers observing station and Telephone recess, and put up necessary notice Boards. Fairly heavy cannonade late this afternoon. Our guns replied and silenced the enemy. Major Burgess did some damage to a group of horsemen and a train of camels Southward. One of the Headquarters staff brought me in an unexploded high explosive Turkish shell. I have the fuse which is rather an interesting one, but the shell I am afraid we shall be unable to empty. It is a similar type of shell to the one that entered my old "dugout". We find mails will not reach here till tomorrow evening. The reported big bundles of mails coming ashore proved to be bags of meat. The Artillery roadway is nearing completion, and will be a great boon for all arms of the service, particularly Infantry moving in formed bodies. Capt Jopp returned to duty with me two days ago, and I am now using him exclusively as Forward Observing officer for this Brigade, while my orderly Officer, Lt Richards is temporarily loaned to 7th battery. Mr Forrest is for the present acting as Adjutant.

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Saturday 12th June

The day opened with a lively cannonade from the enemy’s guns, replied to by our own Artillery. The enemy is using percussion shell, and is trying to break down our earthworks and trenches.
Shooting commenced before 5AM and continued till 6 AM. We have now taken over our new Brigade and Naval Observing Station, and just as well we moved. At 11 o’clock today a shell burst over the old position and killed two men. Enemy’s Artillery got on to 7th Battery during the evening and our old friend the 6" Howitzer also spoke, firing 5 rounds. As indicating the enemy’s difficulty in concealing their guns and still being able to bring effective fire to bear, two of his rounds today from "Gun Ridge" hit his own crest. Colonel Johnstone left for a week’s rest, Major Bessil Browne taking over from him. A very quiet night. Got letters ready for tomorrow’s mail, to each member of the family and one to the old folks and Emma.

Sunday 13th June

This morning at 5AM the "Bacchante" and "Dartmouth" came off our position and shelled various positions of the enemy till 7AM, when they both went South. Lt Richards on No4 gun of 7th Battery, located the gun behind the forward slope of Contour 400, which has given trouble lately. It was behind the false crest I had previously indicated to him. As soon as the ships saw Richards’ bursts they swept the place right and left with their shell, and I think they must most certainly have knocked out the gun, though from our position we cannot see. Generally it was like the early days of the war here, to hear Men O’ War Loosing off their broadsides. Major Hughes returned to duty this morning also a Sergt Bow of this Battery in addition to the Q.M.S. of 3rd BAC. Generally a quiet day.
In the evening as usual the Olive Grove Battery opened on us, with our usual reply. Destroyer firing on what we think is a Head Quarters for a Section of Coast Defence. I wish I could be allowed leave to make a night sortie in that direction. I believe it could be successfully carried out. Capt Harris at my Headquarters re visual signalling. Line to D.A. duplicated and laced. Our mail has for some unaccountable reason been sent back to Alexandria – for sorting I understand. Only a few papers came across, and every body is incensed at the delay.

Monday 14th June

A lively cannonade heralded daylight. Just before

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5am the enemy’s guns Loosed off and we expended about 80 rounds before he was quietened. New guns opened up from the centre depression of Gaba Tepe. One of Browne’s 8th Battery men wounded today by shrapnel. Visited D.A. Headquarters this afternoon. Had a long interview with Col Hobbs.
Obtained authority to select party of from 20 to 25 men for night sorties in connection with proposed demolition of enemy’s guns. So far he will not consent for me to go, though I think I could be successful. General Owen came in while I was there and we discussed Artillery details generally. Obtained authority for 10 rounds of 6" How. Ammunition to be expended on Gaba Tepe target if they should open fire tomorrow morning. Navy did a fair amount of shelling, enemy very quiet all the evening and night.

Tuesday 15th June

A few shell over us this morning. No damage done. Col Hobbs went round the whole Artillery position with Capt Bean and gave him "first-hand" Artillery information. Cameron returned to duty with HeadQrs from Capt Trenchard’s Howitzer Battery. Heard today that Col Legge had been made a General and appointed to the Command of our Division. Personally I am very gratified that an Australian Officer is to be our Commander. I believe he will be here in a few days. Generally a very quiet day.

Wednesday 16th June

A few enemy’s shell came in early this morning. Later in the day Major Browne opened fire on a target and in a few minutes the bulk of the Artillery on both sides was engaged. Three shell landed close to my Headquarters coming from a new direction, one bursting within 20 yards. We are accordingly putting up a few more sandbags today for extra protection. During the cannonade Major Hughes had his No 2 gun temporarily disabled. The shield was pierced by a shell, range drum smashed, and sundry other damage done. Luckily the detachment had been withdrawn a few minutes earlier. Another gun was promptly exchanged for the damaged one. Major Hughes has now had 3 guns knocked out since the action commenced. The 3rd Inf Bde sent out a party last night to fill in some enemy trenches and if possible get the infantry digging them.
I have not heard the result. Heavy cannonade down South all day. A very quiet night.

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Again very quiet morning and day generally. Benson has been busy on sketch of No1 Section Anzac Position, showing panorama of Enemy’s country. The General says he will have them printed and distributed officially for use. As I write at 7PM the Olive Grove Battery is vigorously shelling the beach. Major Burgess is just getting on to him, so I expect he will soon ease off.
All our destroyers bolted off Southward about noon today, rather indicating that a Man O’ War or Transport had possible been torpedoed. We have however had no particulars. Flies, flies, everywhere – a dreadful nuisance. Very quiet night. Glorious sunset. Benson proposes making a water colour from my "Residence".

Friday 18th June

Enemy fairly quiet. Sketch of No1 Section also sketch of coast handed to Col MacLagan for reproduction. Benson will now probably commence on a similar sketch for No 2 Section and possibly later the New Zealand Section. Got Brigade party together for possible night operations.
Discussed with R.M.L.I. Officer position for new 6" How landed yesterday. Road around No 1 Section completed, that from No 2 Section decided yesterday and work will be commenced at once. Lunched with Major Martyn and Engineer Officers. Olive Grove guns opened fire along beach at 10PM tonight, rather unusual. Major Burgess got on to a party of 250 Infantry this morning, with result a heavy casualty list.
Celebrating waterloo Centenary.

Saturday 19th June

Major Browne went with a party for a "Joy Ride" down the coast in a Destroyer while Major Hughes, Richards and myself walked around the New Zealand position. The Country around Suvla Bay and Anafarta looks very fine. Would make ideal Golf links. Plenty of nice shady olive trees, and fields scarlet with poppies. The left flank position is a very difficult one. On the way back a few of the enemy’s shell followed us up, all at a safe distance excepting one, which burst over our head and spattered the beach with bullets about 50x in front of us. During the afternoon a 6" How from the vicinity of Hill 911 lodged 100 lb shells down the valley close to my position. Many were "blind" and I think those which did explode did no damage. For about half an hour at 5 o’clock quite a number of enemy’s shell

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of all sizes arrived from all directions. Very quiet night. Heard today that although 150 bags of mails had arrived no artillery mails were included.
What has happened to Postal Staff.

Sunday 20th June

A very heavy trying day – the worst we have had since landing in Gallipoli. Spent the morning writing Nell and the three boys. Bligh went to Imbros yesterday to get me a few things from the "Cardiganshire" including some interesting photographs and should return today.
An artist, Murray Jones, who is attached to general Birdwood’s staff called this afternoon to see Benson’s sketches. I introduced Benson and sent them off together. General Birdwood and Staff called here about 3.30PM, had a talk about the situation generally and then went on to see Col Ryrie, who is taking over the extreme right flank.
The General expressed appreciation of sketches which happened to be on my table. From all accounts I gather my Brigade Headquarters are the most up to date in our Army Corps. Every body who calls here congratulates me on the design, but then, I am an architect, and even if our Headquarters are "dug out" in the side of a hill, there can still be some semblance of order about their construction. I heard today that we are at last to have some high explosive ammunition for our 18 prs. This will give friend Turk something of a shock. General Sir Ian Hamilton is to inspect this position at an early date. Up till now his personal attentions have been directed to Cape Helles end. Col Hobbs, Major Hughes, Capt Rogers and myself out of sorts today. Possibly something wrong with our water Supply.

Monday 21st June

During last night a terrific fusillade lasted for some time rather as a prearranged scheme to draw enemy’s fire. We hear that last night the French at Helles after expending about 10,000 rounds of Field Artillery Ammunition advanced a mile and despite a Counter attack, this morning held the position gained. General Owen and General Knox came round our position this morning. General Sir Ian Hamilton was to have inspected today but did not arrive. We have had very little Artillery fire today.
Mail in at last. I received from Nell dated April 5th and May 2nd, also one from Arthur King dated April 25th. All our letters have apparently not come to hand. The news of our doings has evidently just filtered through to Australia, and casualty returns are beginning to make the Australian people think. Capt Jopp gave me two London Weekly Times, which gave very good details

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of our work here and lists of wounded and killed officers. I am sending them on to Nell. Again a glorious sunset. I wish I could paint the colours as we see them.

Tuesday 22nd June

"Fourteenth for tea." This is a call I have just heard. 7 AM. I have slept soundly and no enemy’s guns or rifle fire to awaken me this morning.
Inspected pit for new Howitzer. It is now complete. Squaring up gun emplacements generally. Major Hughes very unwell. Was out with the Col Hobbs this morning setting out. Artillery road for the Engineers. He looks dreadfully ill and will I am sure collapse altogether unless he takes a change at once. He has been suffering from dysentery for some days. Making arrangements to fit all our Brigade phones and lines underground, to be safe from big shell fire. Aeroplane over a good deal yesterday. Enemy’s plane rose up from Maidos this morning but did not come over our lines. Monitor demolishing enemy’s trenches around Gaba Tepe. Burgess had a premature at no 1 gun. No damage done. Enemy got a shell into a water barge this morning. We thus lose 4 days supplies. Well are however giving plentiful supply. We hear the troops in the South have made a substantial advance and taken many Turkish trenches. Also that it is intended by the enemy to use Gas against us as the Germans have done. All ranks however have neutralising respirators, so brother Turk will get a surprise. Benson away making sketch of No 2 Section Anzac position.
We have just received for neighbours in our locality the 9th Battery 3rd Inf Bde, about 1000 men. They May be good soldiers, but they are a terribly rough crowd, and their language is lurid and obscene. The latter alone should scare the Turks. Bligh returned from "Cardiganshire" at Imbros, bringing with him a nice lot of photos from the Chief Engineer and a box of groceries as a present from the Captain. Both very acceptable. He sent condensed milk, cocoa, coffee, peas, tinned apricots, sauce and some butter, the latter being a luxury. We have had none since April 25th. A piece of cake was thrown in.

Wednesday 23rd June

Major Browne came to see me during the morning and stayed to lunch. He says my Headquarters are a wonderful contrast to those of Col Johnstone. He has made no attempt to do things properly. Brown says Col Johnstone has some grievance and he hears while he is at

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Alexandria resting he is endeavouring to get a Light Horse Regiment. I cannot understand a man wanting to leave gunners, but I gather some of his friends are getting promotion over his head and this is not to his liking.
Lt Edwards had to go to Hospital ship today – indications of fever. Capt Rogers is far from well and Col Hobbs appears really ill. He was wise enough to stay under cover today and rest, otherwise he will most certainly collapse. Headquarters Telephone staff well dug into face of hill today. Should ensure immunity from shell fire. Enemy’s Artillery opened vigorously during afternoon, our guns responding. Mackworth and Anderson spent some time with me at my Brigade Observation Station. Good news from Cape Helles. Our troops made a substantial advance.

Thursday 24th June

At 7AM the enemy gave us a brisk artillery reception. Burgess and Hughes responded, also the Mountain Battery but took some time to locate and silence guns. Again about 8.30 the enemy opened. One shell caused 9 casualties in 9th Battalion lines, adjoining my Head Quarters, one man being killed. This morning with Col Arnott I examined L. Horse trenches on "A" ridge. They are getting gradually nearer Gaba Tepe. Howitzers opened again from Gaba Tepe on shipping. Col Arnott wants to "Scotch" Olive Grove guns. I told him I was after that job, so now he wants to take on "Wine Glass Hill" guns and us "Olive Grove". We shall try to work out a joint scheme for Headquarters approval. Getting telephone exchange into new "Dugout". General Legge arrived today to take over our Division. Colonel Johnstone reserved duty with 2nd Brigade after atrip to Alexandria and Major Brown resumed Command of 8th Battery. Lieut Garling temporarily attached to 8th Battery. A Scottish Territorial Howitzer Battery arrived today and is attached to my group. Strange it should have the same number as my old Howitzers; the 5th.

Friday 25th June

Interview with Col Hobbs and Major Stewart (5th How battery) regarding positions for 5" Howr. Accepted the spot I had been reserving for the Australian Howitzers. Showed Major Stewart round the position. He and his officers had lunch with me. During then afternoon he commenced terracing for his men. Damaged gun of 7th battery having been repaired was put back in position.
Br Macfarlane of 7th Battery badly wounded by machine gun fire. No 4 gun got onto a group of staff and did good work. Showed Colonel Arnott

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round our observing stations. General Legge arranging for Australian Howitzers and ammunition to be cabled for immediately. High explosive 18pr Ammunition used here by us for first time.

Saturday 26th June

Assisted Major Stewart during the day. Had road widened, magazines for ammunition and vehicles prepared, and our men hauled his guns into position for him. His men very soft and the hot weather playing up with them. Lively cannonade this evening. Sir Ian Hamilton inspected our Section. I met him at 7th Battery.
Worked till 10PM assisting Howitzer Battery.

Sunday 27th June

Around with Major Stewart all day. Enemy attempted an attack this morning, so decided to register targets with Howitzers, before digging in is commenced. Registered Johnstone's Jolly, Lone Pine, Long Valley, Target C, Wine Glass Hill Guns etc very effectively. Col Hobbs saw one series from 7th Battery.
Gen Legge, Col White and Col Hobbs came to my Headquarters at 10AM and I accompanied them through our section. Gen Legge very affable, spoke of old associations. Came back to my Headquarters about 3 hours later and talked for some time. At last I have persuaded the "powers that be" to get our old Howitzers from Australia. I told Gen Legge the shooting with Howitzers today had given me a new lease of life. Capt Jopp temporarily transferred to Mountain Battery vice Toms and Rawson wounded yesterday.
I am just off for a swim – 8.15PM and still daylight.
In consequence of being so busy today I have not written letters, but will have to be up at 5 or 4.30 to write them tomorrow. Arthur King wrote me re my being wounded. Paper of May 12th from Nell.
Great excitement this afternoon. A rabbit started out of a bush and in a few minutes over 100 men were chasing it, and hundreds looking on cheering wildly. The Turks must have thought a charge was pending. Bunny dodged them all and got away so there was no stewed rabbit for tea.

Monday 28th June

Generally a very busy day. A big attack took place in the south and we here made a demonstration in order to pin the troops here to their ground. We fired about 700 rounds of

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Artillery Ammunition in my Section. Some of our troops moved out to feint attack. There were a number of casualties, but how many I do not yet know. The Southern troops made a fine advance and took a new position. General Cunliffe Owen lunched with me. Howitzer Battery registered more targets.

Tuesday 29th June

Assisting Howitzer Battery with emplacements and registration of further targets. Generally a quiet day, though at night the Turks attacked on our Left and were badly beaten off. Down South good work has been done, and advanced positions taken.

Wednesday 30th June

Early this morning I went out with Major Stewart to register further targets. Aeroplane Series from Major Burgess’ Battery against Olive Grove at 7.30 AM, afterwards series with Major Browne and Caddy. Major Miles accompanied the Pilot as observer. He had one shot fired at him. Located 2 new batteries behind Achi Baba ridge firing South and reported them. Received message from 8th Division thanking for the information which they stated was very valuable. Unpleasant remarks with Mountain Battery concerning operations on June 28th. Major Burgess had another premature, making twelve in all out of 2600 rounds. Two 5" Howrs set in emplacements. Lines of fire for night work laid out on "Johnstone's Jolly" and "Lone Pine". Heavy thunderstorm tonight and heavy rifle fire. As large columns of dust were seen during the day north of Achi Baba I thought enemy might be preparing a special attack against us and therefore ordered the Artillery of my section to be in readiness. Lt Glendinning reported from Alexandria.

Thursday 1st July

After all a very quiet night. A 4" gun opened on us today but luckily did no damage. Have been unable to locate it up to the present time. As soon as we do the 5" How shall have a "go" at him. No further Howitzer registration today, Major Stewart being ill.
Major Ferguson, Mountain Brigade, apologised for his remarks re 28th work.
Gen Owen and myself accepted apology. Col Hobbs confidentially informed me that more Howitzers would soon be here, and asked me to look out suitable positions for two Batteries. This I have done. How battery still on their work for digging in. Men are very slow. Wrote to Robert re taking over Australian 5" Hows and to chief Inspector Woolwich Arsenal, recommending alteration in No 3 Director to admit of vertical angles of 45o being read. War Diary forwarded to Base.

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Friday 2nd July

Howitzer Battery registered "chess Board" target in morning, and in evening got into new work on Pine Ridge, followed up by two surprise rounds at 10PM, and two rounds from Hughes Battery.
Long interview with Col Hobbs, Col MacLagan, Col Ryrie and Major Burgess, concerning prematures. Decided that when warning is given men must take cover. Col Hobbs inspected sites I had selected for Howr Batteries and approved same. Enemy’s shell got into Hughes No 1 gun pit this afternoon, killing one man and wounding another. Major Burgess had a man wounded with rifle bullet. Major Hughes very sick. He must get away for a month.

Saturday 3rd July

A fair amount of Artillery fire today. The enemy’s 4" gun from Olive Grove fired several rounds, one of which burst close to Hughes Battery, killing one man and wounding another. Heard from Col Hobbs that we were to get 4.7" guns on this flank. I have been urging this for some time and am pleased to see approval at last given. We shall be able to take on long range guns of enemy. Selected site for them. Howitzers again shooting on "Chessboard". Heavy Artillery fire down South. Activity on the part of enemy manifest on Hill 600 – getting ready for their retreat I expect. Received letter from Nell dated May 16th, with photos of Chris and Shirley, one Daily Telegraph of 8th May, 5 British Australasians from A.T. Sharp, and letter from Edith Halford.

Sunday 4th July

Very quiet day. Col Hobbs inspected site selected by me for 4.7" gun and approved same. I am to commence work on emplacement on Tuesday morning. The 5" Howr fired a series on No 2 section of Enemy’s front. Had a good rest doing afternoon and read papers sent by A.T.Sharp. Interview with Major Brown and Burgess re appointment of officers. Major Hughes left for Hospital ship, very thankful I am that I have good health.

Monday 5th July

A terrific artillery cannonade opened this morning at 4AM. I was awakened by shrapnel bullets and fragments of shell falling at the entrance to my dugout. Very little damage was done generally, but one shell burst over 8th Battery, killing a Corporal and wounding three other men. We located two of the enemy’s guns near Gaba Tepe and firing 8 rounds with the 5" Howitzer registered them. Cannonade ceased about 7 AM.

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a little later 8 rounds of 11" shell came over from the direction of Maidos and landed near the Beach and Army Corps Headquarters. As Fort 24 on the other side of the Dardanelles (the Narrows) has three 11" guns mounted we conclude it came from that Fort. A strange incident happened today which May later be explained. All our trawlers and mine sweepers had made a circle round our shipping and had possible laid mines. At about 4.30 PM a huge column of water was lifted up, resembling the effect of a mine explosion, then something moved rapidly close under the surface of the water, getting gradually slower and then stopped, apparently sinking. For some time smoke and what appeared to be air bubbles kept rising to the surface. I am of opinion a Submarine has struck a mine and foundered. A huge column of smoke was seen south at 6.18AM in the enemy’s country. Looked like an Ammunition dump being blown up.

Tuesday 6th July

An exceedingly quiet day. Emplacement for 4.7" gun commenced and 6" Howitzer moved to a new position on Right Flank. Conference with Col Hobbs and Col Johnstone re use of artillery in case of attack by enemy if using asphixiating gas bombs. Decided to leave matter in hands of Brigade Commanders to act as they think best. A little shelling of shipping late this afternoon. Arranged with Engineers re construction of 4.7" roadway. Received late this evening note from Mr Pengelly, enclosing a letter from father and another from John Halford which had gone to Heliopolis Hospital. Also received letter from Nell dated May 11th, enclosing Alvords and Chris’ letters.

Wednesday 7th July

Around No1 Section with General Birdwood inspecting gun emplacements. He informed me 5" Howrs from Australia were approved. Col Christian’s Brigade is to be attached to the three new Infantry Brigades arrived in Egypt from Australia and with a Howr battery this will be their total artillery for the present. He told me scheme for us was to advance, establish ourselves across the neck from Gaba Tepe to Maidos, and then force the Turks on the Southern end to either attack us or surrender. Our submarines are effectively preventing the enemy using the town of Gallipoli, and stores and men have to be ferried over at Chanak.
Generally a quiet day as far as the enemy was concerned.

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Thursday 8th July

Around all stations with Col Hobbs. Gen Legge met us at 4"7 emplacement. Matter of drugs brought before the General. The 5 How. Battery bombarded "Johnstone's Jolly" during the evening, many shell failing to detonate. N.Z. Howr shelled ‘Lone Pine", and my batteries were active over the whole front. A good deal of fire drawn from enemy’s guns. About 50 reinforcements of sorts arrived today and were posted to the B.A.C. temporarily. Some wounded and sick men also returned to duty.

Friday 9th July

A big crowd working on 4".7 emplacement and roadway. Timber and bags obtained from Engineer stores. Round the guns during the day. Several shell fell close to our Headquarters, one shrapnel shell putting bullets through the waterproof sheet awning to my dugout. Batteries of Brigade putting in casual rounds all day to harass enemy.

Saturday 10th July

General Birdwood with Col Hobbs made a complete inspection of all Artillery in the Section. I was with them at 4".7 emplacement but left them to indicate to some naval officers the position son Hill 600 and 706 which require shelling. At 2.30 PM HMS Lord Nelson commenced a vigorous bombardment and did good shooting. All the time the enemy’s field guns bursting shrapnel over her. Later in the evening a cruiser came along with the balloon ship. The balloon was sent up and the cruiser carried out a shoot, but we could not ascertain target. At 6PM an aeroplane series with 5’ Howr was carried out.
Work continues with 4".7 emplacement. Gun arrived during night.

Sunday 11th July

A quiet day. I wrote about 12 letters for mail leaving this evening. Terribly hot day. Roadway to 4".7 continued. Very slow progress with Infantry. 4"7 placed on beach during morning from barge, and at night moved along to gully below Burgess’ Battery. Received letter from Nell dated May 26th, also one from Charley.

Monday 12th July

At 4.30 AM we commenced Howitzer bombardment of enemy’s position preparatory to a demonstration here, in order to hold enemy

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to his ground and prevent him reinforcing South where our troops were to make an attack today on part of the line. At 8.15 all our Artillery opened fire, and our Infantry tried all sorts of dodges to induce the enemy to man his trenches. Immediately he did our fellows attacked with bombs. Two men of the Brigade wounded. Lt MacAdam transferred to 8th Battery, Lt Garling transferred to 3rd B.A.C. 4".7 moved a little further over very steep gradient. A demonstration tonight in front of N.Z. &A division. Very heavy bombardment of Achi Baba by navy during the day. It was a magnificent sight. Our forces in the South made a substantial advance. General Birdwood visited my Headquarters.

Tuesday 13th July

Enemy opened early with his Artillery. Worked on 4".7 emplacement during the day. Met Col Hobbs at gun during morning. Arranged for 3rd Bde party to move gun at 6.45 PM. Had it in roadway where required at 8.30 PM. Colonel delighted. Thanked the men and got them a rum issue. Letter from Charley, Alvord, Callaghan and A.I. sharp.

Wednesday 14th July

Enemy’s 4".2 opened early from Olive Grove. Got into some ammunition charges (Howr) on beach. Major Miles placed in command of two 6" Howr and 4".7. Mr Richards going on 4".7 Spent part of morning in Observation Station. Visited 7th Battery 6" Howr and 4".7, also Tasmania Post (searching for new gun positions). Enemy shelling a good deal tonight. Approval secured for party of gunners to have a few days rest at Imbros.

Thursday 15th July

Met Colonel Hobbs at 4".7 emplacement. Discussed works with Major Miles. Col informed me Capt Jopp was required for Observation week with R.F.C. Leaves tomorrow morning. Lt Toomey temporarily placed at 4".7 in lieu of Richards who is not well and is to have a few days rest at Imbros. Lt Garling posted to 7th Battery.
Visited 6" How and 4".7 with Colonel. Met General Cunliffe Owen and Colonel and Adjutant of new 5" How Brigade at my Headquarters. Discussed with them and Col Hobbs best positions for Howitzers. Provided 50 men and two teams of horses to assist them to get guns from Beach to a position under cover pending definite siting of emplacements. Received pay from Filed Cashier and disbursed to Head Quarters. New map of our area issued. Copied from Turkish map with our names entered. One copy received for H.Qs and each

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Battery. Burgess’ Battery engaged "Wine Glass" guns during afternoon. 7th Battery fired 15 rounds at entanglements on Contour 400, and 5" Howrs Battery fixed on Target "1" and "turkey Hump".
The following are additional casualties since 10.6.15
Headquarters
No 2372 Dr Gay S.E. Wounded 28.6.15
7th Battery
No 1714 Gr King T.L. Wounded 27.6.15
1668 Gr Driver E.E. Killed 2.7.15
1739 Br Dark A.E. Wounded 2.7.15
3365 Dr Manning C.H. Killed 3.7.15
1660 Br Taylor C.L. Wounded 3.7.15
1613 Cpl Coleman E.L. Wounded 12.7.15
1728 Gr Egerton O. Wounded 15.7.15
8th Battery
No 1889 Gr Scott M. Wounded 14.6.15
1769 CPL Buchanan F.C. Killed 5.7.15
1771 Gr Baldwin F.H. Wounded 5.7.15
1820 Gr Costello T. Wounded 5.7.15
1826 Gr Hayes W. Wounded 5.7.15
2161 Dr Fry A.N. Wounded 8.7.15
1859 Gr [indecipherable] Renowden? J.R. Wounded 8.7.15
1834 Br Hocking Wounded 12.7.15
9th Battery
No 2011 Gr Lovett L. Wounded 2.7.15
1949 Gr Bennett L. Wounded 14.7.15
1982 Gr Eltham W.K. Wounded 14.7.15
3rd B.A.C. No 3781 Gr Hayward F. Wounded 5.7.15
2083 Sergt Waite A.R. Wounded 9.7.15
2155 Dr Pennington R. Wounded 10.7.15
Total to July 15th 1915 – Killed 10, Wounded 69. Total 79

Friday 16th July

Enemy’s Artillery from "Olive Grove" opened fire early along the beach. Later the Monitor shelled the position. Roof of 4".7 emplacement being erected. Colonel Hope Johnstone and one of his majors (of 5" How Bde) went through maps of position at my Headquarters. Offered them and Major Miles use of our erected telephone poles. Col Hobbs took Col Johnstone to 8th battery observing station. Most of our Artillery fire today directed against "Wine Glass" and "Olive Grove" batteries. 5" How turned on to "Turk’s Hump" and "Johnstone's Jolly". Balance of 1st How Bty of Col Hope Johnstone’s Brigade brought to valley beside 3rd B.A.C. 2nd Battery also arrived and moved to right flank. Capt Jopp left for Aerodrome at Tenedos. Mr Forrest ill.

Saturday 17th July

About 6AM an Enemy’s aeroplane passed over our position and dropped two bombs, one large one landing near the beach and doing no damage, the other smaller one landed on "Shell green" about 300x from my Headquarters. This bomb partially buried itself in the ground and did not detonate. I secured it, and forwarded it to

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Divisional Headquarters, after removing the fuse which is most interesting. Party of 26 from 3rd FAB left at daylight for Imbros for a few days rest. The 5" Howr put some shell into Valley of Despair during the afternoon.
We evidently made things uncomfortable for all their guns opened on us, doing however no damage. Late in the evening a chance shell fell into No 1 Pit 8th Battery, killing two men and wounding another. Another shell fell into 7th Battery no 4 gun pit, damaging a wheel but causing no casualties. Lent horses to assist in placing newly arrived 5" How battery, and lent men to assist in moving 4".7 on to platform in actual emplacement. Should be ready for work tomorrow. Man wounded in BAC also 9th Battery. Col Hobbs discussed rewards for our Artillery with me. Adjutant Mountain Artillery Brigade brought me a confidential letter from his O.C. re operations on 28th June. Switchboard made for Major Stewart also Major Miles.

Sunday 18th July

Mr Forrest much better and resumed duty. Jopp overhead this morning conducting Aeroplane series with 5th How Battery. Terribly hot day. Burgess had an Artillery duel with the enemy early in the evening. One enemy shell landed in the corner of one of 9th Battery pits slightly wounding one man. Burgess promptly ordered a few rounds of gun fire which soon "shut up" the enemy.
General Birdwood around with General Cox. Inspected 4".7 emplacement. Another 5" How Battery arrived tonight, thus completing Col Hope Johnstone’s Brigade. Two guns of City of Glasgow Battery moved tonight into new position. Two men from BAC and 1 from 9th Battery wounded during day. Small mail arrived. Nothing for me. Big mail for 8th Battery, much to their delight.

Monday 19th July

Decent mail arrived today. Letter from Nell dated June 7th, Australasian May 29th and Daily Telegraph of 15th and 16th May. Arranged with Major Gregson RFA to let him have use of my Telephone poles. Received advance issue of new maps of Gallipoli Peninsula.
Some N.C.O" and gunners belonging to the Brigade arrived from Alexandria this morning, also about 120 gunners from D.A.C. of which number 62 are detailed to us. H.M.S. "Humber" took on guns at Olive Grove but did little good. 5" Howr fired an aeroplane series during afternoon. Handed cigars to Col Arnott. Smart Artillery duel during evening. A few Infantry casualties just above my Headquarters. Glad to learn Col Coxen is to command Heavy Brigade from Australia.

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Tuesday 20th July

At 5AM made a thorough reconnaissance of country in vicinity of Tasmania Post with a view to finding possible good gun position. At 11.30 AM took Colonel Hobbs round same position and told him I wished to make a tunnel through Bolton Hill to give access to Poppy Valley for future Artillery advance. He thought the scheme good and obtained the G.O.C.’s sanction to having it carried out. Discussed names of men worthy of notice in Orders with Col Hobbs and specially recommended 3 from 7th Battery and 3 from 8th Battery. Left my Headquarters about 8.30 PM to visit Colonel Hobbs at Headquarters. Called at 1st Field Ambulance and just when leaving there was hit by a rifle bullet. It entered my left leg beside the knee and came out behind the knee. Strangely enough, bone, tendon and Artery were all missed. They carried me in a stretcher to my Headquarters and now I shall have to take things quietly for a time.

Wednesday 21st July

Have had to spend a quiet day in bed. Col Hope Johnston called to see me during the morning and this afternoon Col Hobbs brought Col Shepherd of City of Glasgow Lowland How Brigade.
We shall have plenty of Howitzers in action very soon. Arranged to commence tunnelling through Bolton Hill. Sent cable to Nell which will probably not leave Alexandria for a week. Aeroplane series again this afternoon. Head Quarters beds have commandeered a black donkey to carry their water each day. One of the two that have been roaming about since we landed was killed by shrapnel yesterday.
The Olive Grove 6" Howr opened fire again this afternoon, but Burgess silenced him. New Howitzers registering targets, and getting ready generally for action. Remaining 2 Hows of City of Glasgow battery moved to Shell Green.

Thursday 22nd July

Plenty of Howitzer shell falling today. Our new Batteries registering. Enemy’s 5" How again fired a few rounds also some of his field guns but nothing serious. Aeroplane series during afternoon. Aeroplane had about 50 shells and plenty of machine gun fire directed at it, but without doing any damage. New 5" Howr late in evening registered Bastion and works on Pine Ridge. It was expected that attack might develop tonight or tomorrow being Turkish Constitution day, and in consequence all necessary preparations

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have been made by us, including extra supply of ammunition and Respirators and gas helmets. Rest party returned. Lieut Richards sent to Hospital.

Friday 23rd July

No attack developed during the night. Our Howitzers have kept up a slow rate of fire during the night, dropping shells into various valleys where the enemy is known to Bivouac. The detonation of these 50lb Lyddite shell at irregular points and intervals must have a very demoralising effect of Turkish troops. It is rumoured they are being, or have been reinforced by 100,000 men of sorts and a supply of shell. I think our fellows are quite equal to the task of wiping them out. Howitzers doing further registration. Col Hobbs called at my Headquarters. Told me many changes would be made during coming week. Interviewed Major Clougston re roadway through or over Bolton Hill. He is to report best scheme to me. Attack expected tonight. Received two letters from Alvord, one from Chris, one from A.T. Sharp, one from Charley and one from R.I.B.A. Two more casualties in B.A.C. today.

Saturday 24th July

Very quiet night. Anticipated Turkish attack did not eventuate. List completed last night of new N.C.O.s and men for Heavy battery, and same posted. Olive Grove field guns and 4".2 opened very early this morning along beach, but Burgess silenced them with 4 rounds. Received one letter from Alvord, one from father dated June 7th, Nell June 14th, and Charley June 30th. Still anchored to hut. Very galling.

Sunday 25th July

Detailed Fitter Sergt Ellis for duty at heavy battery. Made Price acting Sergt Fitter of 7th Battery. Wrote Nell, father, Charley, Alvord, Chris, A.T. Sharp and J. Halford. Got some seeds today of broom, very beautiful yellow flowers, and very fragrant. I also got some Juniper seeds, and other kinds, the names of which I do not know. Enemy’s Artillery trying to get Burgess’ upper guns this afternoon. They got very close, but did no damage. Another aeroplane series this evening. Jopp will be getting quite an expert on Aeroplane spotting. No further indications of expected attack.

Monday 26th July

Today the 4".7 made its debut amid much cheering from the Infantry. It registered three targets. Burgess got into a heap of

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of transport, animals, vehicles and personnel at 7150x. Quite unexpected as far as the enemy was concerned. Commencement of further changes. General Legge with a number of officers, NCOs and men, yesterday left for Egypt to take up duty with the new Division. Major Anderson also left for Egypt on Special duty. Harris acting as BM, and Vowles as Staff Captain. Nicholson leaves us for General Staff, 2nd Division. Fairly warm fire opened from Olive Grove during the evening. Our old friend the 6" Howr also fired about 4 rounds, but Burgess silenced him. Col Hobbs told me of his recommendations concerning Honours and rewards. His own promotion to Brigadier General is under weigh and will soon be an accomplished fact. Another man killed today, belonging to 8th Battery also two men wounded. They were on the beach. Had a short roam around today with the aid of a stick. Capt Marks very unwell and sent to Hospital. Capt Dangerfield A.M.C. taking his place. Wrote in to OCDA. concerning work done by Marks, for the information of the A.D.M.S.

Tuesday 27th July

According to the Greek Consul at Constantinople the Turks were expected to attack us on or before this date. The day has however passed and excepting for the usual shelling there has been nothing special to note. The Anafarta gun made things rather warmer at A.C.H Qrs and in consequence our Aus Div HQrs had to move to a more sheltered spot.
Had a long letter from Jopp giving particulars of his Aerial reconnaissance. Col Hobbs phoned me his recommendations concerning officers for meritorious Services. I find my own name is included. Mountain battery during night shelled works in front of Tasmania Post.

Wednesday 28th July

The 4th Battery of the Lowland Brigade arrived during last night. I supplied 8 horse team and 20 men to assist in disembarkation and bringing guns to position. Lieut Onslow ADC to General Birdwood killed by shell during night. General Cunliffe Owen, Col Hobbs and Col Shepherd (O.C. Lowland Brigade) present at my Headquarters. Duties of Lowland Brigade defined and allotted. Olive Grove 6" Howr. Dropped a number of shell in our direction. No damage done. Another Heavy Howitzer opened fire from direction of hill 971, and dropped shell in vicinity of No 2 6" How. Three men were injured by one shell.
Wine Glass battery did a fair amount of shelling during the day against trenches in vicinity of No 2 6" How and my observing station. Practically no

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damage done. Visited Chatham Post, with Col Harris and Mountain Battery officers regarding shelling of new Echelon Trenches. Decided Howitzers could do best work. Arranged for Howrs to shoot during afternoon.

Thursday 29th July

Provided 8 horse team last night for use of Lowland 4th Battery. Lt Edwards ordered to Cape Helles as Capt 6th Battery. Lt Garling attached to 8th Battery. Howrs did not shoot last night against Echelon Trenches but werr to have a series at 8AM today. I waited some time, but no sign of shooting. About an hour later I was advised shoot was postponed. Clerk from 7th Battery repated for duty at D.A. HQrs. Handed over working parties to Major Clougstone for Artillery road, from Shell green to valley between Bolton Hill and Tasmania Post. Electric bulbs for torch received from England, also boots from Callaghan & Son. Sydney. Colonel Hobbs promoted Brigadier General. I extended him my Brigade’s hearty congratulations. Watched Howr shoot at 5 P.M. on Echelon Trenches. Only five rounds fired which did not register target. Waste of ammunition unless a good series authorised.
Discussed situation with Gen MacLagan. Hostile aeroplane overhead about 7 o’clock. Appeared to volplane down to earth East of Gun Ridge. Our aeroplane up at same time, but as she is not armed she discreetly kept out of the way. Miles gave enemy first taste of his long range gun today against Infantry drilling on Kilid Bahr plateau. More reinforcements arrived for Brigade.

Friday July 30th

An Aeroplane over at 6AM. Thought at first it was hostile, but later discovered it was one of our own. Two batteries of Lowland Brigade now in action. My section now contains my Brigade of 18 prs, Major Miles Heavy Battery, two mountain guns, two 5’ How batteries, Lowland Brigade and one 5" Battery 69th Brigade, a total of 24 guns. Hostile aeroplane flew over during afternoon, dropping two bombs on the edge of water at Brighton Beach. Howr Battery shooting at Echelon Trenches at 5PM. At same time three cheers ran along the line because of victory before Baghdad. Provided working party of 75 for 58th Division guns, Miller on H.Q. switch and phones all day. Arranged for new lines to new D.A. Station in case of an advance. Interview with general MacLagan re bombarding Snipers Ridge works – Lt Teare transferred to 2nd Brigade. Capt Crisp sent off last night to Hospital.

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Saturday 31st July

Hostile aeroplane over at 7.10 AM. Dropped many darts in gully just below our H.Qrs Camp, and also 3 bombs, one close to Burgess’ Headquarters, one in valley to Westward and one on razorback ridge. Apparently they were trying for Burgess’ battery. Late last night received part II orders from Base, showing our casualties.
During afternoon "D " battery 69th Brigade Howr shelled Snipers Ridge preparatory to venture at night by 3rd Infantry Brigade. Gen MacLagan, self and Major Brown with also Major [indecipherable] of How battery thoroughly examined country. The General explained project for the evening, which was to capture Turkish "Despair" trenches. At 10.15 PM operation commenced. Howrs put in a few rapid rounds, mines were exploded under enemy’s trenches and all guns of 7th Battery as well as one gun of 8th Battery engaged various objectives with the object of keeping down enemy’s fire. We were very successful. Olive Grove and Wine Glass Batteries put up a heavy fire but it was generally badly aimed and 9th Battery, helped by Lowland 5" Howrs kept them under. I watched the operations from my observing station. Very pretty sight and an awful din. Infantry took trench and commenced to reconstruct it. I went to bed at 1 AM.

Sunday 1st August

Enemy’s artillery opened a brisk fire at 4.15AM. particularly on trench taken by our Infantry. The 9th and 5" Batteries soon got on to them and eventually silenced them. New work being strengthened. Total casualties in Infantry 75 wounded and 20 killed, while Light Horse lost Col Harris killed. Many dead Turks could be seen in front of trenches, and generally we feel they had a very bad time. Lyddite shook them up. This afternoon How battery registered Southern end of this trench which is still in the hands of the enemy. Another operation will shortly give us the remainder of the trench. Our artillery fire proved most effective and Gen MacLagan tendered us today his best thanks and congratulations as also did General Hobbs. All guns being manned tonight in case of Counter attack.
War Diary for month of July sent to AAG Third Echelon.
Pitiable to see dead men today laid out for burial tonight. Wrote Nell. Twelve months today since Charley appointed to H.M.S. Charybdis.

Monday 2nd August

Enemy did not counter attack during night as expected. Very quiet. Visited Divisional Headquarters during morning, discussing mails and men’s rations. Had Gen Walker’s periscope repaired

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by W.O. Stamps. Heard from Major Griffiths that possibly Col Christian would get Artillery of New Division. Artillery will not be pleased if such is the case. Shell burst on 5" How. Battery today, killing one man and wounding another. Their first casualties. Hostile Aeroplane overhead during afternoon. Major Burgess fired 6 rounds two getting very close. I think we shall be able to keep the enemy off this position. Wish we had a couple of anti aircraft guns. Our first actual issue of H.E. Shell made today. 150 rounds per battery being supplied. Plentiful supply of ammunition generally coming forward now. All guns being again manned tonight in case enemy should counter attack on trenches captured by us. Enemy dropping some big high explosive shell in Victoria Gully, evidently searching for Howitzers. So far they have done no damage, and from our point of view we shall be pleased to se them put plenty of shell in the same place. Capt Bean obtained Artillery information from me concerning Saturday night’s operation.

Tuesday August 3rd

Again fairly quiet day. Olive Grove 6" Hows put in a few rounds. Also 6".2 from direction of Scrubby Knoll. One fell in 8th Battery, accounting for 6 casualties, fortunately none serious.
Getting phone lines laid out to new D.A. Station. Olive Grove and Headquarters guns shelling beach during afternoon and evening. Burgess and Stewart took them on and kept them reasonably quiet. New troops landed during night hence necessity for no shelling.
Interview with General Hobbs in evening. Information given that on 4th, 5th & 6th inst up to 3PM a general bombardment of enemy’s position on Johnstone's Jolly and Lone Pine would take place. On afternoon of 6th inst attack on Lone Pine will eventuate. Burgess and Stewart shelling Olive Grove till 1 AM. Secured splendid specimen of shell and fuze from gun at Headquarters. It fell into the sea at Anzac and was secured and brought to me by an Infantry Admirer.

Wednesday 4th August

No attempt at Counter attack by enemy during night of 3rd-4th- August. General bombardment of enemy’s position on Johnstones Jolly and Lone Pine carried out at intervals during day. During arrival of troops last night Olive Grove commenced a brisk shelling of Anzac Cove, but 9th Battery and 5th How Battery kept on to them all night and effectually kept their fire under.

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Underwent secondary inoculation against Cholera. General Hobbs at my Headquarters during afternoon. Very dissatisfied with condition of gun emplacement 5th How Battery. Divisional Orders (Secret) issued giving details of attack on August 6th. Hostile aeroplane again overhead. Engaged by 9th Battery. General Hobbs offered appointment as Orderly Officer to Gen Cunliffe Owen to Lt Garling, Lieut Glendinning and Lieut Pybus. All expressed their desire to remain with guns. Gen Hobbs had to detail Lt Pybus temporarily to the position. Enemy’s artillery quiet.

Thursday 5th August

Enemy’s artillery very quiet until 4 o’clock this afternoon when Olive Grove opened briskly. Interview with Gen Hobbs and Brigade Commanders at 8th Battery at 12 noon. General Bombardment again carried out, more ammunition being used than was allotted. More men arrived last night (Kitchener Army) also more men for 3rd F.A. Brigade. Sent a message to Divisional Head Quarters that "North Lancashires" had selected a bad spot for Bivouac on the Southern slopes of MaCay’s Ridge just under Burgess 3 & 4 guns. They will surely get Olive Grove, H.E, and shrapnel shell directed at these guns. Major Burgess warned them personally. At 9 AM this morning had O.C.s to my Head Quarters and went through Operation Orders with them. Received orders from 3rd Infantry Brigade at 5.15PM, and issued my own orders for tomorrows work at 7 PM. Had a little extra cover put over my "Dugout" in the shape of sandbags. Telephone Communication with new DA position established. Orderlies arranged for tomorrow for DA, Bde Hqs and Batteries in case of break down of Telephone lines. Gunner killed at 7th Battery.

Friday August 6th

Enemy did not wait for us to attack him today but commenced on us at daylight. I was awakened by heavy rifle fire and found the enemy was attacking Tasmania Post and Leanes Trench.
By dint of a very free use of powerful bombs the enemy got possession of a part of Leanes Trench, but was promptly turned out with the bayonet. I think we had a good many casualties but we also know the Turks suffered heavily. Fire was kept up all the morning. At 10 o’clock I interviewed General Hobbs at 8th battery. Arrangements completed for cooperation with Gen. Ryrie’s Operations for tonight. Visited 7th Battery and carefully went through all orders with battery Commander. At 4.30 PM intense bombardment of Lone Pine was commenced. Ground fairly trembled with Lyddite

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detonations from Howitzer shell. Navy also cooperated. Our old friend , H.M.S Bacchante again assisting. 1st Brigade attacked at 5.30 and succeeded in securing Lone Pine, the enemy retreating. Plenty of Shrapnel shell on Tasmania Post and 7th Battery. Three Casualties in BAC at 7th Battery, and Sergt Major Handford killed. Enemy reinforcing right flank to extent of about 1000 to 1500 men. Fully expect they will heavily counter attack tonight. Several Casualties in 5th Lowland Battery in front of my Head Quarters, including one of their officers. Many casualties among new English (Kitchener Army) arrivals in Victoria Gully. I understand these troops have at last been moved. Received letters from Olding and Selwen re transfer to 3rd F.A. bde.

Saturday 7th August

Heavy shelling by Navy and our guns during night. I have not yet heard if our operations were successful against German Officers Trench, but on Lone Pine our position is good. At daybreak Suvla Bay and vicinity presented a fine sight, innumerable craft of all kinds moving about, Men o War, Transports, trawlers etc carrying out landing of troops. The Turks must have received a terrible surprise when day dawned. It reminded me of our first day at Gallipoli. The casualties in this show must of necessity be very great. Heard that Turks had reinforced the Right Flank by about 1500 men towards dusk last night. We shall have to keep a sharp look out against Counter attack. A pretty incident at 6AM.
A German Aeroplane flew overhead, and presently one of our biplanes gave chase, manoeuvring for position. The Taube had the better speed and was able to get away. He certainly wasted no time about his departure. The Captive balloon is up watching and reporting effect of Navy shooting. At 6.30AM seven hospital ships were lying off Anzac and Suvla.
A shell landed 2 yards in front of my dugout doorway during the night but luckily did no damage. Lent Sergt and 20 men to Col Shepherd Lowland Brigade at 6.30 AM for transport of Ammunition.
Our troops now entrenched in Lone Pine. 7th and 9th Batteries did excellent work, the former against Infantry targets and the latter doing Counter Battery work. Very interesting to watch landing and movement of Troops at Suvla. An absolute picnic as compared to our first landing. They are pushing well forward, also New Zealand and Australian Division; and we hope soon to have Hill 971. An enemy battery got on to No 4 gun 7th Battery about 7.30 PM and put in 15 H.E. shell. Parapets were smashed to pieces, but neither personnel nor gun suffered damage. This gun kept up fire all night against Snipers Ridge, Weir Ridge and

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Wanliss Valley. Made a reconnaissance during the evening with the object of selecting new position near Chatham Post for No1 gun 7th Battery. No Success. Will try again during the morning. General MacLagan and General Ryrie expressed admiration of the work done by 7th and 9th batteries. Lieut Evans slightly wounded. I understand two Divisions landed at Suvla.

Sunday 8th August

Very heavy bombardment by our guns this morning of position in front of Hill 971. Howitzer Shells were passing my HeadQrs like Express Trains, and the noise generally was terrific. At 4.15 AM our NZ & A division together with new troops attacked along line 161-971. The rifle and machine gun fire together with our guns and guns of the navy made the place an inferno. Our flank is the pivot so matters are comparatively quiet here. 7th Battery again doing good work against Turks in the open. 9th Battery engaged silencing Wine Glass and Olive Grove. Selected new site for No1 Gun 7th Battery and got party to work on it. Informed Gen Hobbs accordingly. Major Anderson returned to duty today, just in time to join in the chorus. Enemy’s Artillery fire on this flank much reduced. Heard that 200 bags of Australian mails had gone down with a trawler. Also heard that we had captured 1500 Turks. Sad burial parties at work. Very many killed on both sides.
Got the No1 Gun 7th Battery into new position and reported to general Hobbs at 8AM that it was ready for action. Mr Forrest very ill. Had to be sent to Hospital Ship. 7th Battery put in a lot of shrapnel during the night. Our forces making good progress.

Monday 9th August

Worked up till 2 AM this morning with detachment for No1 gun, 7th Battery. We got the new emplacement bagged up on the exposed side; the balance of the work being carried out today by gun detachment. B.A.C. party making the approaches and communication trenches. Hope to do good work with this gun. Extra men reported from Alexandria for this Brigade. Very glad to see a/Br Mitchell, our Brigade Clerk. In Mr Forrest’s absence he will be a very great help. Could not write a decent letter home this week. Work here much too strenuous to admit of any time for oneself.
I have had 3 hours sleep in the last 3 nights. Terrific volume of shell over us since early morning. Before lunch the 7th Battery had over 600 shell landed into its position smashing down gun emplacements. Strange to say our only casualties were 1 man killed, 1 man wounded and Lt Ross wounded. His work has been most meritorious throughout and I am putting in a special report and recommending him for the Military Cross.

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The work done by the 7th Battery during the last 36 hours has been absolutely splendid. Enemy’s attack on Lone Pine this morning very vigorous. We estimate the 7th Battery accounted for over 500 Turks.
My forward officer in new trenches (Mr Turner) is doing good work. Quiet afternoon. Work on new gun emplacement continued and roadway being improved. Inspected 7th Battery during evening. Found parapet and gun emplacements demolished, 5 enemy’s guns having concentrated on them during the day. They were all rebuilt during the night. Worked at new gun emplacement till midnight. Received two letters from Nell dated 28th and 29th June: also one from Father and two from A.King.

Tuesday 10th August

A very quiet night. Very heavy fire early this morning. Our Left Flank heavily engaged. 2nd Artillery Brigade did great execution among massed enemy. Gen Hobbs informed me we captured 1000 rounds of 75M Ammunition. Capt Waite carried out two series in conjunction with Lieut Turner, just in front of new position Lone Pine and in gullies Northward. General Hobbs at 9th and 7th Batteries. Conveyed General Birdwood’s thanks and his own to all ranks and to myself personally. Generally very quiet on Right Flank during day. Enemy has evidently all he can do on the left. Assisting N.Z. Artillery with horses. Had four wounded yesterday moving their guns on left Flank. Aeroplane series for Miles this afternoon against Boghali. While this series was in progress a hostile Taube came over but was promptly chased and forced to the ground by our machine. I think my Adjutant was up spotting. I shall be pleased to hear his version. Laid down platform for No1 Gun 7th Battery. Emplacement now practically completed. Sent in full report of previous 3 days operation. Recommended Capt Waite for the Military Cross.

Wednesday 11th August

A very quiet night. Got a very acceptable sleep. Had a look at our newly captured trenches on Lone Pine. Notwithstanding the fact that our men have been cleaning up and rebuilding since 6th August the place is still in ruins and still gives an excellent conception of the damage caused by the bombardment on 6th August. The place is full of dead Turks. We have had large parties on day and night extricating bodies from damaged trenches and burying them, but there are still hundreds to get out. The smell is pestilential. My Head Qrs are distant about 750x and life is hardly bearable at that distance. It will take

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some days yet before these trenches can be placed in a Sanitary Condition. Visited Col Austin at Ordnance re extra Telephone switch boards. Badly needed. Our relieving medical officer was yesterday so ill that he was ordered off to Hospital and Capt Tozer AMC took his place. During the afternoon a high explosive shell burst in No 2 gun pit 7th Battery, wounding four men, two severely. Our casualties still go on mounting up. I have just heard that one of our gunners on loan to the Indian Mountain Battery was also wounded yesterday. Battle on the left still being vigorously pressed on.
From this extreme flank we can see nothing of the movement and get very little information. In any case we have our work cut out in our own zone. Received cable from Nell from Sydney dated 31.7.15

Thursday 12th August

A beautiful morning, heralded in by a Turkish gun trying to "wing" our captive Balloon used for observation purposes. Unfortunately for him the balloon is well out of range and he has already wasted about 30 rounds. Weather is gradually improving. The extreme heat of the day is gradually being reduced and the nights too are getting much cooler. No one will complain at the improvement. Enemy very quiet on this flank during the night, but cannot speak for the left. 7th Battery doing useful work on Contour 400 dropping shell within 3 yards of our own trenches in enfilade, destroying overhead cover and giving our bomb throwers a chance. S.M. Scarrot reported to me for duty as R.S.M. he is to take up work and Residence here at 9AM tomorrow. General Hobbs at my Head quarters. Informed me matters were ina satisfactory condition on Left Flank. Secured Turkish bayonet – hope rifle will follow tomorrow.
Major Su Vincent Welch 1st Field Ambulance presented me with the bullet which pierced my leg. He found it the morning after I was hit. Wrote Col Buckley London re switch boards. Stench from Lone Pine abominable. No1 6" Howr to be moved to new position so as to get more range.
Appended is casualty list from July 15th to August 11th 1915.
Headquarters
Lt Col Charles Rosenthal O.C. Wounded 20-7-15
7th Battery
No 1665 Gr McDowell A.R. Wounded 2-8-15
1614 Gr W. Hirst Killed 5-8-15
1601 B.S.M. Handford D.F. " 6.8.15
1662 Corporal Hanks G.K. Wounded 7.8.15
Lieut Ross P.J. " 9.8.15
No 2286 Bom Baynes E. Killed 9.8.15
1655 Bom McKinnon J.G. Wounded 11.8.15
1678 Br Dingwall A.F. " 11.8.15
1740 Gr Moore E.L. " 11.8.15
3822 Gr Thurwell S.O. " 11.8.15

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8th Battery
No 1793 Gr Carter S. Killed 17.7.15
1879 Dr Leonard D.B. " 17.7.15
1891 Sergt Taylor S.A. Wounded 17.7.15
1825 Gr Lovelock G.H. Killed 26.7.15
1777 Br Benporath F.H. Wounded 29.7.15
1895 Br Thackeral A.H. " 3.8.15
1806 Gr Elliott W.H. " 3.8.15
1802 Gr Dickson A. " 3.8.15
No 3052 Dr Church G. Wounded 3.8.15
1902 Gr Mcleod A.J. " 3.8.15
1827 Sergt Henry G.D. " 4.8.15
1805 Dr Eastwood H.A. " 6.8.15
1804 Gr Smith W.J. " 7.8.15
1804 Gr Ewing P.C. " 8.8.15
1580 Dr Belcher H.C. " 8.8.15
3045 Gr Barber C.W. Killed 8.8.15

9th Battery
No 1994 Gr Harris E.G. Wounded 17.7.15
2037 Gr Reid W.M. " 18.7.15
Capt R.S. Gee " 31.7.15
4161 Br Higgins R.R. " 1.8.15
Lieut A.A. Evans " 7.8.15

3rd B.A.C.
No 2922 Gr Withers L.R. Wounded 17.7.15
3768 Gr Mc Arthur J.A. " 18.7.15
2226 Br R.M. Craig " 18.7.15
2701 Gr Coombe F.A.E. " 22.7.15
2994 Dr Callaghan J.J. " 22.7.15
4161 Gr Smith G.E. " 31.7.15
No 3022 Gr Lipscombe J.H. Wounded 6.8.15
2286 Gr Lennane V.S. " 6.8.15
4058 Dr Kelleher H.J. " 6.8.15
2162 Dr Taylor E.J. Killed 5.8.15
2711 Gr Carphey C.D. wounded 11.8.15

Total Casualties to Aug 11th 1915 – 19 Killed 105 wounded.

Friday 13th August

Spent the morning thoroughly reconnoitring our new position on Lone Pine. Gained much valuable information concerning country north and south. Instructed Major Burgess and Capt Waite to make a similar inspection during the day. General Hobbs himself has not been through the position. Stench from dead bodies still dreadful though conditions are much improved. Enemy shelled the position very freely during the afternoon. S.M. Scarrot commenced duties as R.S.M. Gen Hobbs visited 7th Battery with me. During the afternoon a message came through that enemy was massing for attack on Lone Pine. Capt Waite located a number in trenches with fixed bayonets, put in a few H.E. shell and then followed them up with shrapnel. The 7th battery guns are splendidly

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placed for dealing with Lone Pine hill. The General of the 1st Aus Div sent to Capt Waite through General Hobbs a special message of thanks. This afternoon a flotilla of 5 planes came overhead making a very pretty sight.
During evening No 1 6" How was moved to a new position off Artillery Road near BROWN’S DIP. General Walker very anxious about Lone Pine. He anticipates an attack during the night. All our guns ready. About 8.30 a heavy rifle fire opened, but only lasted a few minutes. I think the Turks imagined we were about to attack them.

Saturday 14th August

Quiet night. 7th Battery fired a few rounds in front of Lone Pine position. General Birdwood with his ADC lord Anglesey spent some time at my Headquarters. He specially thanked my Brigade and myself for the work they have done. Expect a big move in the next three days. Established two forward Observation Posts in Lone Pine works with Lt Turner in charge, and 6 trained observers with specially long Periscopes. Enemy shelled this position heavily during afternoon but did no damage and caused no casualties. Heard today that casualties of our Army Corps and the 13th Division working with us is over 12000. I do not yet know actual number of killed and wounded Australians. These casualties are for the last 8 days. Re establishing all my telephone lines on permanent poles, so that spare wires and field poles May be ready for forward observing lines at any moment. Wrote to Nell, Charley, Alvord, Chris, Arthur King and the old folks. Received Argus and Australasian from Nell, also cigarettes from Lady Robinson London, for Queensland troops. Secured a Turkish rifle and bayonet which I hope to take home as a curio. Hospital ships a beautiful sight tonight. There are 5 of them and they have a distinguishing band of green electric lamps in the centre on Port and Starboard sides. Pybus doing well as A.D.C. to general Cunliffe Owen. Today we terminate our 16th week at Gallipoli. I wonder how much longer.

Sunday 15th August

Today we commence our 17th week in Gallipoli. Gen Hobbs consulted me today regarding employment of 3Pr naval guns which are expected shortly. He agreed with my suggestion that they should be grouped with 18pr Batteries in pairs under Battery Commanders. If we can succeed in getting the required number they will be of great value. Getting our new telephone lines and permanent poles established. Good progress made. Big mail in. No letters from home, only two papers

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from Nell. Miss Cowlishaw wrote me on May 21st. letter has been chasing me round and only reached here yesterday. Generally had a quiet day though the enemy shelled our Lone Pine position consistently for an hour, one man only being killed. We discovered a nice new gun emplacement yesterday, so Burgess let off a few rounds of H.E. shell and completely demolished it. Our H.E. is coming forward gradually and is a great adjunct to our usual ammunition. Col White called in to congratulate me on the Artillery work of this flank.

Monday 16th August

Spent the morning in reconnoitring Lone Pine position. Great possibilities for bringing 18pr guns into suitable positions for an advance. Mentioned the matter to general Hobbs on the phone. We will inspect tomorrow again. He called at my Headquarters while I was absent. Wrote to major Warren NSW asking him to send my two Ericsson telephones and two helmet cases. Our horses moved more 18pr guns to Left flank for New Zealanders during evening. Major Browne building new gun emplacements near Major Burgess’ Headquarters. Olive Grove and Wine Glass very active yesterday. The latter shelled our Lone Pine position and we could not locate guns. Consequently we opened with 7th Battery on their trenches. This very soon had the effect of forcing the enemy to switch on to our guns. He fired 52 rounds in 30 minutes but did no damage. Brigade telephone lines nearly finished, all on permanent poles and all air live. A most efficient service.
Last night very quiet. All along the line preparing for another big move. Brother Turk is not getting much rest or peace. Sunset tonight absolutely marvellous. The shipping at Suvla Bay has now assumed big proportions and the Bay is boomed against submarines. Then there are numbers of destroyers, 3 Monitors, trawlers, 5 Hospital ships and plenty of small launches.

Tuesday 17th August

With General Hobbs at Lone Pine looking at depression N.W. of Snipers Ridge and considering possibility of getting guns out that way when we have to advance. I am to get a report from Engineers as to how long it would take to make necessary approach – Gen Hobbs inspected 7th Battery – recommended that SSM Scarrot be appointed R.S.M., and made Warrant Officer to date 12th inst, also asked re acting Adjutant.
Olive Grove very persistent this afternoon. Major Burgess fired about 100 rounds before it was silenced. Am adopting the scheme of shelling enemy’s trenches when their Artillery opens on us and it generally has the effect of

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silencing them, their troops evidently not relishing being shelled in trenches and doubtless they ask for their own Artillery to cease fire. I shall try the experiment concerning Olive Grove at first opportunity. Major Roberts, 11th Inf Battn brought me in the remains of a bomb sent over his position last night. It furnishes me with another neat little percussion fuze for my collection and a drawn brass cylinder which will make a splendid gong. Lt Turner also brought me an unexploded specimen of 75M shell. I drew the charge and burnt it off. I now only want a 14pr HE, a 14pr Fuze and the Small Hotchkiss shell to complete a very nice selection. Doubtless before this show is finished if I am lucky enough to get through safely I May be able to secure all I want. Understand progress on Left Flank is satisfactory.

Wednesday 18th August

With Major Martyn, Engineers, selecting positions from which to make outward gun roadway to Lone Pine for possible advance on South Eastern front for 8th and 9th Batteries. On my return to Headquarters I found a 5" shrapnel had burst on percussion at the entrance to my "dugout", and had smashed things up generally, though fortunately the burst had been outward from the entrance and not inward.
Arranged with Col Robertson for certain bays of support trench in front of No 1 gun 7th Battery to have parapet and parados lowered. Trench being filled in at 7th battery to give better protection to no 4 gun. Enemy’s artillery very quiet. 7th battery fired a few rounds at Lone Pine works, and 9th Battery against Olive Grove. Received interesting letter from Capt Jopp, telling me of four encounters he has had with the enemy’s Taubes.
Headquarters of our Aerodrome now at Imbros. 6th Battery second Brigade arriving tonight, and New Zealand battery from Cape Helles arrived during the day. Our troops on left flank doing well but cannot get much information about the British troops cooperating.
Gen DeLisle in Command of Army corps operating from Suvla Bay.

Thursday 19th August

Mr Forrest returned from sick leave. Gave me a good deal of information concerning Imbros and Hospitals at Mudros. Told me of the torpedoing of the "Royal Edward" carrying about 1000 details troops, only 300 of whom were saved. Another ship full of ammunition had passed the same point about 3 hours before (about 200 miles from LEMNOS. The Austrian Submarine was evidently waiting for the ammunition ship. Col Fischer’s Hospital at Mudros has been erected, but the ship with all his

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stores has gone astray and he has had to carry on with equipment kindly lent by the Navy. A large condensing plant has now been erected at Mudros. From Chaplains reports to hand I see Capt Johnstone has been invalided to Australia permanently incapacitated. He came ashore at the Dardenelles (not on duty) and was hit while on the beach. Lt Sandy also very low from blood poisoning. Capt Marks was at Malta and returned here today. He had great difficulty in securing his return. Gens Walker and Hobbs at No 1 gun 7th battery. Very gratified with work of 7th battery on Lone Pine and expressed the wish that N. Zealand 18pr Battery should do equally good work on their side. Watched 7th Battery shooting, enemy also dropping shells into Lone Pine position and 7th Battery. One man killed by fragments of HE at Battery. Have just heard that a trawler with some thousands of rounds Artillery ammunition sank off Suvla last night. From enemy’s captured 75m Gun position we learn that their emplacements are under growing trees with heavy timber overhead cover and 6 feet of earth. I understand medical services have been instructed to provide for a campaign here lasting until November. Sent in note for pay required by Brigade in the first week of September. Hear definitely that 200 mail bags went down about 10 days ago in a barge, 160 being Artillery mails. Our luck is out.

Friday 20th August

Very quiet day. Spent the morning at 7th Battery. Watched Waite engaging works on Lone Pine. HE shell very effective. Lowland Howitzer Brigade moving from our section to Left Flank. Lt Turner brought me a 4".2 shell from Lone Pine; the head of which has been adapted to take ordinary field gun ammunition fuze. Evidently the Turks are short of the correct fuses for theses shell. Several that have come over lately have failed to explode.
Wrote A.T. Sharp asking if he could get me two Livingstone medical chests. A/Sergt Miller sent off to Hospital yesterday. We shall miss him very much in connection with our telephones and lines.

Saturday 21st August

Another casualty list at 7th Battery this morning. A H.E. shell struck side of gun itself and bursting wounded 4 men out of the detachment of 5, two dangerously. Gun itself has been badly dented and is permanently out of action. Arranged about overhead cover for 7th battery guns, and gave instructions for old casemate to be dismantled and timber to be secured. Hope to make cover that will be proof against H.E. shell. A big movement commenced on the left this

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afternoon, the objective being W. Hills near Chocolate Hills. A heavy Artillery bombardment commenced at 2.30PM and continued till 3.30PM, then for the rest of the afternoon and evening the heavy roll of musketry could be heard. We saw troops here withdrawing from Pine Ridge, evidently to reinforce the Left. This zone very quiet all day. Completing new Dugout at Headquarters for Adjutant and Orderly officer. Lowland batteries have now left us. Their camp was left in a filthy condition and ammunition lying in all directions. However they are very short handed through sickness, and have had no reinforcements. Lt Hogue LH, asked me if when a suitable time offered I would give him particulars of the work of Artillery here for a book he is to publish. I agreed. We complete tonight our 18th week here. I inspected Leane's Trench and Tasmania Post. Excellent trenches have been made in each position.

Sunday 22nd August

When I looked out at 5.45 this morning, I saw 7 Hospital ships at anchor. Evidently the casualties in connection with yesterday’s operations have been very heavy. We received an official message re position on Left Flank, but it is not very clear, and certainly does not indicate a substantial advance. Evidently part of the Infantry of our 2nd Australian Division is now employed in these operations. Arranged with Col Robertson to close and fill up part of a communicating trench adjoining No1 gun 7th Battery, to enable the detachment to erect a solid protecting wall against Wine Glass and Olive Grove. Also inspected 9th Battalion lines in "Wheat Field". A great deal of work has been done and trenches are scrupulously clean. Their new firing line will be ready in a few days. The 75M Guns from Gun Ridge fairly active. No damage done to us, but three men killed in Lone Pine. 7th Battery carried out an interesting demolition of enemy’s bomb proof positions and protected trenches at S.E. corner of our position on Lone Pine. New gun placed in action at 7th Battery to replace one damaged yesterday. In order to test enemy’s strength on this flank a ruse was carried into effect this afternoon and evening. Howitzers fired a number of rounds, one at lEast of which fell among our own trenches, and at night rifle fire etc was "let Loose" to draw the enemy. He holds the flank lightly now, his chief aim being doubtless to stop our advance on the left. Wrote Nell only this week.

Monday 23rd August

Received letters from Nell and Alvord dated July 12th,

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from North Sydney. At Lone Pine with general Hobbs and Col Johnstone. Instructed to "go slow" with ammunition, supply being temporarily short. Sergt Wallis and Corporal hare promoted to Commissioned rank. General asked for further names. Purpose commencing a class for their benefit at Brigade Headquarters. Mr Stamps completed repairs of gun for 7th battery. Two 6pr (Japanese) landed. General Hobbs ordered one to be placed in Gun lane near Lone Pine and the Second one at 7th Battery. One is being set up temporarily for trial. A 75 M shell landed into Lone Pine Telephone Station during afternoon, slightly wounding one Telephonist and the shock knocking the other one out temporarily. Very quiet day and night. Strong land breeze blowing, making plenty of dust fly and generally causing much discomfort. Temperature appreciably lowering. My cold rather bad, got the Medical officer to give me some tabloids.
Case of cigarettes received from Lady Robinson, London, 800 packets, which will be much appreciated. Inspected 7th Battery with General.

Tuesday 24th August

Went to White Valley to see 3pr Hotchkiss mounted. Two hours in the sun made me feel quite ill, and when I returned to my HQrs about noon I collapsed on my bed. General Birdwood and Hobbs called to see me. Good news received re Italy and Russia.

Wednesday 25th August

Lieut Hare left for Helles. In bed all day, very ill. General Birdwood and Hobbs called to see me during day and insisted on my going to Hospital Ship. Removed to clearing Hospital at 5 PM. Had to wait till 9PM to get on to Barge, reached ship about 9.30. Put to bed and fell into a semi conscious condition. Hospital Ship was the "Formosa" and Gen Hobbs also travelled by her to Alexandria, he having been taken ill the day after me, and reached the ship before she cleared Gallipoli. I remember him speaking once to me otherwise my mind is a blank. On reaching Alexandria I was removed to a Military Hospital practically in the town, the name or number of which I cannot remember, and after 24 hours there I was taken by Motor Ambulance to No17 General Hospital at Victoria, a suburb some miles out of Alexandria. Again relapsed into unconsciousness and remember nothing for some days. The doctors informed me that for some four days they Despaired of pulling me through, but eventually I "turned the corner", due they think primarily to my having been inoculated previously.

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general Hobbs came to see me during this period just prior to his return to Gallipoli. I can barely remember his visit.
Sent cable to Nell on 2nd and 9th September telling of my condition. On 12th September I received a cable from Nell, also letters from Charley, Nell and Alvord; also on 2nd received letter from Nell.
On 13th wrote Alvord re exam results, and John Halford re Charley’s fees. On 14th wrote Mr Forrest to send boots, breeches, etc from Gallipoli. On 17th Major Lynch came to see me. On 18th received handbooks of guns from Col Buckley London, and acknowledged same on 20th. On 20th wrote Nell, Charley on 21st and Gen Hobbs on 22nd telling of my condition. On 23rd received letters from Nell, Chris, Alvord and parents. On 24th replied to them all. Received letter from Miss Cowlishaw on 25th and replied on 26th. On 28th received letter from Alvord and A.T.Sharp, replying next day. Mrs Christian called but I did not see her. She left me some flowers and papers. Was able to get up and later get to Bath room and Lavatory. Received letter from charley on 30th inst and replied. On 1st October went to pay office in Major Lynch’s car. Feeling very tired but improving. Capt McLennan and McIndoe, Lt Urquhart and Major Lynch called to see me also my man Bligh who has been ill in Cairo Hospital but is now convalescent. Ward suddenly informed by Doctor that we had to embark on "Andania" for England on Monday October 4th. Reached boat at 10.30 AM on that day for motor ambulance and left Alexandria at 5.45PM. Thus closes my enteric Chapter. I don’t want another.

Tuesday 5th October

Very beautiful day. Found Major Vernon on Board he being the only officer I knew, excepting patients who had been in Hospital with me. There are 18 sisters on board under the charge of a matron, to attend the cot cases. There are 125 officers on board, five of whom are Australian, and about 1000 men. Ships course a zigzag one to avoid submarines. This ship was attacked on her last run from Mudros to Alexandria. Variation 10’. Each run being about 2 miles. Ship a very fine one of about 14000 tons, usually sailing between Canada and England. Ship in darkness at night, all Ports screened and all deck lights extinguished. Strict regulations regarding Sisters. They have their own reserved table for meals and are not allowed on deck after dinner. They also had a part of the deck allotted to them during daytime. Preliminary allotment of all passengers to boats.

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Wednesday 6th October

Again a very nice day. I slept, read and ate all day. The meals we are much enjoying after our limited diet in Hospital. We hardly miss a course. All the patients who were with me in Hospital are here, and we have a table to ourselves. Boat drill again today – everybody taking post at their boats, wearing Life belts - In fact Life belts are worn continuously by everybody during the day, even when at meals.

Thursday 7th October

Passed Malta very early this morning but not close enough to get a good view. Very nice day. Again boat drill. Left feeling still very shaky otherwise I am getting stronger.

Friday 8th October

Fine weather but somewhat of a swell. As however I now appear to be a seasoned sailor I have felt no ill effects. Amused myself at piano in smoke room in afternoon. Sang a couple of songs. Nothing much that I know in Ships Collection of music. To bed about 8.30 each night and sleep splendidly.

Saturday 9th October

Again fair weather but heavy swell. Boat pitching a good deal. She is empty and consequently well out of the water. Attended concert given in No 3 deck by the men. Very good indeed, especially their amateur band.

Sunday 10th October

Arrived off Gilbraltar at 5.30 AM. Instructions received by wireless to enter port and coal. Forts search lights, examination boat etc made a pretty sight. Went into harbour at 9AM and berthed by 11 AM. Gilbraltar a most imposing sight. Passengers allowed ashore till 1 PM. which was time set down for sailing. Chief officer had gone ashore, and as no attempt was made to hoist a gangway I decided to go down a rope ladder. I did not realise till about half way down how weak I was, and my arms nearly gave way. After pausing a while suspended in mid air I sufficiently recovered to admit of my safely reaching the wharf.

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I walked alone into the town and roamed around till 12.30, when I returned to the boat. Being Sunday shops were closed between 10AM and 1 PM, so could purchase nothing. I got hold of a stationer who had his shop door ajar and tried to get postcards, but he was afraid to sell. He gave me three cards which I sent to Nell and the boys. I also sent cable to Nell. Weighed myself and found weight at 13.5. Still plenty of room to fill out uniform. Very fine substantial stone buildings in Gilbraltar, very English in type.
I should have liked to inspect fortifications but time did not permit. Some of the officers who had driven into town in a jarry returned to the ship laden with cigars and cigarettes. They had obtained special permission from Chief of Police to get shops open. Ship was held up till 4PM, so some again went ashore after lunch and made some more purchases. I was much too tired to go. H.M.S. London our old Gallipoli friend is in harbour undergoing overhaul, also 2 other British Men o’War. Left Gib at 4.35. Took several photos with camera I had purchased just prior to leaving Alexandria. African coast very clear. Squalls coming up in West. At 6PM a huge pall of cloud like a mushroom hung over Gib making the most quaint picture imaginable. Stood straight out to Atlantic for 200 miles to avoid usual course. Under these Conditions it will be late on Thursday or early on Friday when we arrive at Devonport.

Monday 11th October

Very heavy swell. Quite a number could not leave their cabins. Officers want to have a concert tomorrow night. Very stiff and tired after yesterday’s jaunt through Gilbraltar. Went to bed at 8.30PM. Roused at 10.25 by Orderly medical officer regarding closing of Ports. Had a heated altercation with him, but eventually had my way.

Tuesday 12th October

Ship rolled very heavily during last night. Many did not turn up to breakfast. I have not missed a meal so far. Swell moderated during day. Had concert at night to which Matron and sisters were invited, and was held in Smokeroom. All ale performers – I sang two songs – "Goodnight beloved", and "In sheltered vale". Finished at 10 PM.

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Wednesday 13th October

Very heavy swell again – drizzling rain. Very miserable day. Saw a number of whales during morning. Lay down most of the day.

Thursday 14th October

At daybreak a French Man O War was just astern of us, and a British destroyer on either side. Man o’war left almost immediately, but Destroyers convoyed us into Plymouth Sound. We reached the entrance about 4PM, but as it was drizzling rain we could see very little. At 5PM we dropped anchor.

Friday 15th October

Got up at 4AM to look at Forts search lights. Effect very beautiful. On deck at 7 AM. Fairly clear morning. A very beautiful spot. Verdant green hills and autumn tints on the fine trees. A Submarine passed us about 7.30. At 8.30 we up anchored and moved up 4 miles to a berth. A very interesting trip up. We passed many types of naval craft including the Tipperary, one of the newest types of destroyers. We also passed one of England’s old wooden walls, with rigging and decks manned by about 400 boys who are in training. They gave us most inspiring cheers as we passed. We berthed about 11 AM, a Hospital train was in waiting and those who were for London entrained and moved off at 12.45PM. The journey through Devonshire was very interesting. The trees and fields are magnificent and the autumn tints charming. We were served with Soups and Sweets as well as afternoon tea on the journey to London. We reached Paddington station about 7 PM, and were sorted out to different Hospitals.
I was sent to No 3 London General, Wandworth Common S.W., also some of my fellow patients from Alexandria. We came in Sir Robert Balfour’s car, a very fine Rolls Royce. The doctor who was in our ward at Alexandria is with me in our Ward here, also Major Vernon.
Hospital staff supplied us with a very fine supper, and we retired at 11PM, thoroughly tired out.

Saturday 16th October

Went with Capt Sloper and Capt Walker RFA to town. Called on Colonel Buckley at Commonwealth offices and officially

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reported myself. Saw Col Flashman and Dr Waugh from Parramatta. Very poor offices. Col Buckley very kind indeed. Went to Army & navy stores to get Sam Browne belt, but could not get attention. Dr Sloper treated us to a motor run around the city and lunch at the "Trocadero". Returned to Hospital at 3PM feeling very tired. Men had a concert in patients recreation Hall at 4.30 PM. Programme contributed by outside people and was particularly good, especially the items of two Comedians. Wrote Charley and John, also cabled Nell.

Sunday 17th October

Stayed in all day. In afternoon walked around Hospital grounds. In the morning wrote Nell, Alvord and Chris. This Hospital was originally a school, but since the wear broke out has been converted into a Hospital and many temporary wards erected, in all capable of accommodating 1500 patients. Lt Olding came in last night, suffering from excema. He tells me Callaghan has won his D.S.O. More power to him.

Monday 18th October

Examined by Medical officer. I am to go before a Board tomorrow to determine how long I am to remain in England. The Colonel told me he expected they would give me a month with instructions to report and be re examined at end of that period. Had a letter from John Halford this morning – Smart reply to mine sent on Saturday afternoon. John called to see me at 4PM. Stayed to dinner. Had a long yarn about things in general. Arranged to see him tomorrow.

Tuesday 19th October

Went before Medical Board. The old Colonel wanted to give me 6 months in England, but I persuaded him to allow me 1 month in which to recuperate and to report at end of that period. Major Vernon sentenced to six weeks.
Saw Lt Hodgson. 2nd Brigade. Leg still very bad. While with him Mrs Hobbs and daughter with Lt new March called. NewMarch much improved. Apparently very happy in Miss Hobbs company. Met John in town at 11.30. went round for Sam Browne belt. Had great difficulty in getting it. Lunched with John at Regent Palace Hotel. He left for Bradford at 4 PM and I returned to Hospital.

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Wednesday 20th October

Went into town with Major Vernon in morning. Called at High Commissioners Office. Received bundles of letters and railway pass for Edinburgh. Called at Admiralty and War Office. Lunched at Regent Palace Hotel with Vernon and two of his wounded junior officers. Read letters after lunch. Called on A.T. Sharp – had a long yarn with him. He wants me to spend some evenings with him. Asked if he had any family – "Drawn a blank" said he. I find two medical chests have been donated by ladies here to my Brigade through my letter to Mr Sharp. Had dinner at above Hotel. Took 11.30 PM train via NorthEastern from King's Cross Station to Edinburgh.

Thursday 21st October

Arrived Edinburgh about 8 AM. At once found my way to Leith Docks. Got aboard H.M.S. Vulcan and sent a message off to Charley on Zealandia.. Went back to North British Hotel at Waverley Station, had breakfast at 11 AM. Just after lunch while in my room Charley bounded in. Our meeting was certainly emotional. We had of course quite a lot to talk about. After afternoon tea went down to Dalmey where Charley’s pinnace hauls in alongside the Forth Bridge. I went off with him to his ship. Had a long talk with Capt Harbord. Found Charley’s progress was quite satisfactory. I endeavoured to arrange 10 days’ Charley coming to London. The reply is to come through tomorrow. Hope it will be granted. Magnificent view of Forth Bridge and river from bank. River full of naval craft of all kinds. The 3rd Battle Squadron has its H.Qrs here. Entrance under bridge netted. Two new fast cruisers passed out just as we were boarding the launch. Beautiful sunny day. Retired at 9PM, dead tired.

Friday 22nd October

Charley turned up just before lunch but only had leave for the week end. We caught the 2.20 PM train for Bradford and arrived there about 8.30. All very glad to see Charley. Edith appears to be a fine little woman and I don’t wonder Charley likes to spend his holidays there. She seems to have mothered him splendidly and I feel very grateful.
Went to bed very tired.

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Saturday 23rd October

Went down into the town during the morning. Met most of Halford family at their place of business. Bought leather dressing case for Charley. Went to Halfords (Senior) for tea. Met George there. He has just become engaged to a Birmingham girl. Mrs Halford arranged for all the family to be at tea to meet me, and we had quite an enjoyable evening, a game of bridge included. Got to bed very late.

Sunday 24th October

Wrote letters in the morning. Went to Halfords (Sen) for dinner and tea. Had a little music. Returned too Merton Road at 8 PM. Had supper and then packed Charley off back to Edinburgh.
We all yarned till nearly 11 o’clock.

Monday 25th October

Said goodbye to every body. Thoroughly enjoyed my stay in Bradford, dirty as it is. Shirley a darling little child and very great pals with me. I should have liked to bring her away.
Left Bradford at 10.15AM, reached London at 2.30. Went to Commonwealth Offices for letters. Turned in at 8PM.

Tuesday 26th October

At Commonwealth offices, Tailors, Army 7 navy Stores, War Office, Admiralty etc and generally had a busy day.
Gradually learning my way about in busses tubes and taxis. The latter too expensive. Met Alice Paul. Found her very lonely. Arranged to take her to two matinees.

Wednesday 27th October

At Colonel Buckley’s office with Col Arnott re journey to France. Went out to Hospital to get kit bag and washing. Saw some of our Australian officers there. In afternoon went with Alice to matinee "The birth of a Nation". Very good, but very sad. Wrote letters at night.

Thursday 28th October

At Tailors, Army & Navy Stores re pistol, and to Commonwealth Offices for mail. Have had no letters from Nell for some time. Wrote to Miss Cowlishaw in Scotland. Took Alice to

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afternoon matinee. "The man who stayed at home." Exceedingly clever and interesting.

Friday 29th October

Went to Edith Cavill memorial Service in St Paul’s Cathedral in the morning. Densely packed and a very solemn service. Life guard’s band played in the Cathedral.
After lunch I went to Commonwealth offices and then to Horse Guards parade to inspect a number of German field guns captured by our troops at Loos. There were also on exhibition German aeroplanes, torpedoes and mines. I am hoping to get photos of them. Received letter from Charley’s admiral refusing week’s leave. Wrote to Charley and informed him.

Saturday 30th October

At Commonwealth Offices and War Office also at Tailors. Capt Paul returned home on leave from France. Went to dinner with him and Alice, afterwards went to Empire Theatre.

Sunday 31st October

I intended to go to Service at St Pauls Cathedral but it rained heavily all day so I did not go out, but did a day’s reading and study of London map.

Monday 1st November

Called on Commonwealth office for letters. Received a few. Called on A.T. Sharp and Buckleys. Had lunch with Dr Paul and Alice at the "Rendezvous". Dense fog today. At noon all lights had to be turned on, and it was quite black in the streets. At 12.30 it lifted and the afternoon turned out fine. Very tired. Stayed at home in the afternoon and evening.

Tuesday 2nd November

Had a look round at Search lights and gun positions for protection against Zeppelins. Called at Regent Palace Hotel for any stray letters. Found two had been sent to dead letter office.
With Colonel Buckley re journey to France. He says it cannot be arranged. We shall see. Lt Olding called and spent the afternoon with me.

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Wednesday 3rd November

George Halford coming to London for week end. With him I shall see some of the City’s Architectural beauties. Went into Westminster Abbey but as a Service was in progress could not examine the building in detail. Will go again with George. Saw St Margarets, Westminster, also the fine large Hall at Westminster, (the roof of which is now undergoing repair) and the House of Commons, where for a short time I listened to a debate. Went to Lady Robinson’s residence in the afternoon re gifts to my troops at Gallipoli. At night went with Mr & Mrs A.T. sharp to ANA debate at Palace Hotel, Bloomsbury St. Sang a song for the Company – all Australians. Met Miss Nayler there who seems to be a friend of Mrs Frayers. She said she had been staying at Oriental Hotel, Springwood, when Nell and myself were there some 3 years since.

Thursday 4th November

At Commonwealth Offices. George arrived from Birmingham and came to dinner with me. In afternoon called on Mr Forbes at Muswell Hill. Met his wife and two daughters. He has two sons at the front. My introduction to them given by Sister Kelaher, the nurse in charge of our ward at Alexandria.

Friday 5th November

Went to office of officers Training Corps at Lincoln's Inn with George. (I should have said Inns of Court).
I introduced him to O.C., and got him through all his examinations except Medical, which is set down for tomorrow. Saw effect of recent air raid in this locality, walls being damaged and all windows smashed. Visited S.Pauls with George. Not allowed to inspect thoroughly. Towers etc not now open to public. George lunched with me. Dinner and theatre with Dr and Mrs Paul.

Saturday 6th November

George and self at O.T.C. offices. He was medically examined. Lunched with me. Attended performance of "Elijah" at Albert Hall in afternoon. Saw Colonial Institute, Kensington Museum and other interesting Architectural work in this locality. Alice ill, very heavy cold, also bad cold myself. Mentioned with a number of other Australian Officers in Sir Ian Hamilton’s despatches.

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Sunday 7th November

George returned to Birmingham. Stayed in all day. Alice Paul in bed.

Monday 8th November

List of Kings Honours published in London gazette. Our Artillery Officers predominate. The 44th Battery well represented. Myself C-B, Majors King and Rabett CMGs, and Callaghan D.S.O. All for distinguished services at Dardanelles. Capt Paul returned to France. Alice had to call in a Doctor who found her suffering from Bronchitis. Ordered to remain in bed.

Tuesday 9th November

Very wet miserable day. Saw Lord Mayor’s show which was rather spoilt by the rain. Went to dinner at night with Mr & Mrs Sharp who are living at Willesden. They showed me about 1000 photos illustrating their holiday tours since they have been in England. Many letters and wires of Congratulations re C.B. decoration.

Wednesday 10th November

Looking at shops for presents for home. A difficult task to select suitable things that will be useful.
At Commonwealth Offices – still no letters from home. There must be a good batch somewhere. Wrote letters at night to all members of the family.

Thursday 11th November

Took Photos of guns etc at Horse Guards and also a detachment of Guards. Light not too good – doubtful if results will be satisfactory. Called on Miss Cowlishaw and had along yarn with her concerning war experiences. Charley wrote me to say he has been transferred to H.M.S. Hindustan, much to his disgust for the Zealandia is off on some job of interest and danger, hence the reason for midshipmen to be transferred to a Home Ship.
Sent letters of congratulations to all our Artillery officers who have received decorations and enclosed a piece of ribbon for each. Alice still in bed but much better.

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Friday 12th November

Miserable wet day. Went out in morning to Commonwealth Offices. Stayed in all afternoon and evening.

Saturday 13th November.

Called for developed films and prints of guns etc at Horse Guards. Results very good, no failures. After lunch went by train to Bexley in Kent to spend the week end with Major & Mrs Reid. Had an exceedingly enjoyable afternoon and evening. Very nice home full of curios from all lands.

Sunday 14th November

Went with Mrs Reid to see her husband’s Command at Dartford. Attended military Church Parade in Village Church, which dates back 650 years. A memorial address vis one of Major Reid’s officers who died from the effects of a stroke the day before. Pleasant afternoon in the garden at Bexley. Another officer invited for the evening. Had some music. I played all the accompaniments and sang several songs.

Monday 15th November

Spent morning at Bexley. Came to London during afternoon with Mrs Reid and Capt Reid, her stepson. He was in Hospital with me at Alexandria. Met Corporal Benson of 3rd FAB HQrs at Whitehall. He had afternoon tea with me and gave me a good deal of news Concerning Gallipoli happenings after my departure last August. He has been invalided with dysentery.

Tuesday 16th November

Had photo taken at Elliott & Fry. With Alice selected Kimono at Harrod’s for Nell and sent it off together with books for Chris and Alvord and also a signalling lamp for the latter. Very miserable foggy day.

Wednesday 17th November

Visited Somerset House and some of the Thames bridges. Took photo of torpedoes, mines and aeroplanes at Horse Guards Parade. At War Office and Commonwealth offices re France.
Received letter from Nell dated September 21st

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Thursday 18th November

Visited Westminster Cathedral (Roman Catholic). At Commonwealth and Colonel Buckley’s offices. Stayed at home in afternoon.

Friday 19th November

Interviewed War Office re France. Application for attendance sent by War office to G.H.Q. France. War office approves. Interviewed Admiralty re Charley’s transfer to R.A.N. Agreed to transfer him to HMAS Australia and later permanently to RAN. He si to finish his training and examination in the R.N.
Dinner with Miss Cowlishaw and Mrs Dr Phipps, afterwards to the Colosseum Theatre.

Sunday 20th November

Attended at "Anzac Buffet" at ceremony in honour of Anzac V.Cs. Sang for them. With Mr & Mrs Sharp went to dinner with Mr Chowley, the editor of the British Australasian. Had very enjoyable evening.

Sunday 21st November

Stayed at home in the morning. In afternoon accepted Lady Robinson’s invitation to afternoon tea. Met there Lady Birdwood and daughter, also Lady Newton Moore. Colonel Cannam also there. Quite a long talk with Lady Birdwood and Sir Thomas Robinson re Gallipoli.

Monday 22nd November

At Commonwealth Offices at Colonel Buckley’s Office. Went with Miss Cowlishaw to Hampton Court. Rather a dull day. Did not see all the available interiors. Got cuttings from the famous vine (Black Hamburgh) and am sending them to Australia.
Gardener promised to save me a few.

Tuesday 23rd November

Spent the day in looking at Churches, particularly Westminster Cathedral (Roman Catholic). Had photo taken again. Got photos of a number of Cathedrals. War Office informed me re going to France.

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At War Office and Admiralty – the latter re Charley’s proposed transfer to H.M.A.S. Australia. At dinner with Miss Cowlishaw and her friends at Inverness Terrace. Went to theatre with them afterwards.

Thursday 25TH November

A thorough inspection of Westminster Abbey, particularly Henry VII chapel. At Admiralty and Commonwealth Offices.

Friday 26th November

Spent the day with Lt Olding at Hampton Court. Secured cutting of famous Black Hamburgh Vine. Bitterly cold day. Called on General Walker at Park Lane Hospital. Took Miss Cowlishaw and Alice to theatre.

Saturday 27th November

At Admiralty. Informed Charley’s transfer to "Australia" has been approved. Received orders to report at Southampton on Monday for journey to France, but later received cable from Gallipoli, through Col Buckley ordering me to return to Gallipoli if fit. French trip is in consequence cancelled, much to my regret.

Sunday 28th November

Packing during morning. Letter writing in evening. In afternoon took Miss Cowlishaw to Wandsworth Hospital and introduced all 3rd Brigade men to her. She has promised to look after them. Alice away for week end with her banker and his wife (Mr & Mrs Scott). She returned tonight. Charley gazetted to HMAS Australia.

Monday 29th November

Busy morning buying a few articles I acquired. Said "Goodbye" to Col Buckley – Arranged for a dozen photos to be sent to various addresses. Gave Alice and Miss Cowlishaw one each. Left London (waterloo) at 2.10, arrived Weymouth 6.30 PM. Car waiting for me. Lt Olding with me. In view of crowded state of camp, Commandant asked me to stay at Royal Hotel. Annoyed to find Transport not yet available. Shall try tomorrow to get over to France if only for one week.
Wrote to Army & Navy also United Service Clubs. Bitterly cold wet night. Weymouth pitch dark.

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Tuesday 30th November

After breakfast reported to Adjutant, Wyke Regis Camp. Telephoned Brig Gen Peake War Office re trip to France. In view of delay in getting transport away to the Dardanelles he is arranging for me to leave tomorrow for Southampton and France. Olding and I intended to walk around Weymouth before breakfast, but rain was falling heavily so we desisted. Weymouth a very pretty spot. Two Destroyers and several Trawlers in the Bay. Secured official Municipal handbook of town. War office rang up during evening. Leaving for Southampton in the morning.

Wednesday 1st December

Left for Southampton at 9.5. arriving there at 11.50 AM. At once took Taxi to embarkation office. Instructions are to board Havre Packet after 10 tonight. Boat will leave at 7AM tomorrow. Had lunch at Southampton West Hotel. Then took ferry to Cowes (Isle of Wight) thence small launch to East Cowes, then motored to R.N. college Osborne. Made myself known to the Staff, had afternoon tea with them, and afterwards paymaster showed me all over the grounds and buildings. They have now about 480 boys in College. Saw Charley’s photo in group of 1913 First Rugger 15, also photo of our first fleet entering Sydney harbour. This I had sent to Capt Bentwick, who has had it framed and hung in one of the reading rooms. I consider the boy who has the opportunity of training and education at Osborne is distinctly lucky.
Returned to Southampton at 7 PM, had dinner, read the papers, and embarked on the Turbine packet "Hautaua" at 10 PM. I discovered I was the senior officer on board, so had to act as O.C. Troops, not very arduous, as the run only lasts 6 hours, and the only troops on board were about 26 officers and about 60 men.
Was called up at 2 AM to sign certain papers.

Thursday 2nd December

Left Southampton at 7 AM. As soon as we cleared Southampton water the boat began to pitch and toss most unmercifully and as a consequence I lost my breakfast, but enjoyed my lunch just as we were entering Havre. A very wet miserable day. Could do no sight seeing. After reporting myself to the Base Commandant, I went to the British officers club which extended to me the privilege of Honorary membership. I read a number of papers, dined there and returned to Base Commandant’s office at 8.30 PM.

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Took motor bus to rail station, drew 2 days ration (bully beef and biscuits) and entrained for Bethune via Rouen. Left Havre about 11.30 PM. Had a fitful night’s sleep.

Friday 3rd December

Arrived at Rouen in early morning. Detrained about 7.30 AM. Reported to R.T.O. at 9.30. Instructed to report to train at 4.30 PM today for Bethune. Have spent the day in Rouen visiting the noted examples of Gothic Architecture, seeing the town generally, visiting the markets, purchasing views for Nell also a couple of simple ornaments and a small copper bowl with Rouen Coat of Arms thereon – this latter as a Souvenir of my visit here.
Had lunch at Hotel L’Angleterre, Quai de la Bourse.
Took train from No 11 line at 5.25PM for Bethune via Abbeville. Had about 500 officers and men on board and I was O.C. train. In consequence I had a first class compartment reserved for me and had a very comfortable journey.

Saturday 4th December

Arrived at Abbeville in early morning. Detrained some Cavalry there. Arrived Bethune about 12.30 PM. Passed numbers of troops and transport of all kinds during this latter part of the journey, both French and British.
At one Station troops on the train bartered their tinned meat and biscuits with the local inhabitants for bread. Very interesting Country. For the most part arable land, some cultivated, well timbered and watered. Most buildings are of brick roofed with tiles, but in a very bad state of repair and apparently very old and neglected. The A.D.C. to General Cartwright Commanding 1st Divisional Artillery met me at the train with the General’s car and drove me out to the Headquarters in the village of Mazingarbe. The whole district is given over to mining, these coal mines behind our lines being at work, while those in the immediate vicinity of Artillery fire are closed down. General Cartwright had arranged for me to have my meals with his mess, and a very cosy billet for me with an old French lady named Madame Hennequet, who with her daughter has remained here in the old farm throughout all the shelling, so far without hurt. There is a fine pear orchard attached to the house. Electric light is supplied from the mines (but temporarily

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cut off) and a Sewerage System is installed. A Capt Heslop, 21st London Regt (Territorial) is also billeted in this house and fills the appointment of "Town Major", a multitude of duties being allotted him. The 1st DA is commanded by Brig Gen Cartwright D.S.O., and has with him as his staff the following officers: - Brigade Major, Capt Rory Dougall, Staff Captain, Capt Pile and A.D.C. Lt Umreville. The 1st Division is commanded by Major General Holland C.B. M.V.O, and forms part of 4th Army Corps under Lt General Rawlinson. This Corps forms part of 1st Army commanded by General Sir Douglas Haig.
The 1st Divisional Artillery comprises the 25th Brigade, O.C. Col Scott, 26th Brigade O.C. Col Hinton CMG, 39th Brigade O.C. Col McNaughton DSO, and 43rd (How) Brigade OC Col Sharp C.M.G. Attached are two 6" Howrs. Heavy Artillery controlled by Corps consists of 9".2 guns and Howrs, 8" Howrs, 6" guns, 4.7 guns and 6" Howrs.
This Division has extreme right of line (excepting another Division at Arras, the French holding a portion of front in between) and British troops hold from the position through YPRES almost to the coast, the Belgians holding but a small sector.
Officers and men are generally billeted in brick buildings until recently occupied by miners, a few still remain, together with women and children notwithstanding constant shelling by the Boche. Head Quarters Divisional Artillery are housed in a very nice two story residence recently occupied by a doctor, while Divisional Headquarters are located in a magnificent Chateau owned by a wealthy mine proprietor whose income I am informed reaches £300,000 per annum._
Brigade Major during afternoon explained on the map the disposition of the enemy’s and our own trenches, specially with relation to the recent advance and capture of Loos.
On my return to my Billet after dinner I was held up by three sentries in succession and had some difficulty in establishing my bona fides until I communicated by phone with the Div Arty Bde Major. Had an excellent night’s rest, sleeping in a very oldfashioned bedstead.

Sunday 5th December

After breakfast General Cartwright left to inspect D.A.C. while Brigade Major conducted me round some of the Batteries. Visited two 18pr batteries of 25th Brigade, and inspected gun emplacements and dugouts generally. Men billeted.

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Plenty of women and children still remaining in what perhaps is to them their only home. Saw 8" Howrs (converted from 6") in action against Country left of Loos, known as Wingles Towers, also 4".7 and 9".2, the latter on railway mountings. Enemy shelling our Front line very heavily. Saw French 6" guns adjoining our 8" also section of 13prs on special carriage as Anti Aircraft guns. Just beside DAHQ and on the right front also close to DAHQ are batteries of French 75s. Enemy had 4 captive observation balloons up while we had one. After lunch enemy’s Artillery fire was very brisk for about an hour, and during this time I counted 18 Aircraft overhead, about 12 being British.
The "Archies" were busy on them from both sides but did no damage. Lavish use of steel rails and joists, also timber beams from buildings in dugouts. Plenty of bricks available. Generally "dugouts" very deep and comfortable. Gunpits sunk about 2’.6" and embrasure about 2.6" high from original ground surface. Overhead cover of steel joists, brick and earth, generally about 5 feet thick. Batteries generally worked as a whole, the Major being forward. Country very flat. Dumps from mines serve as vantage points and observation stations. Chalk underlying soil. Fuzes now numbered to 100. New delay action percussion fuse for H.E. Shell. The 9".2 guns are on Railway mountings on mine lines. Met Capt Hanbury Davies (from Sydney) with 8" Howrs. He enquired after Major Watts with whom he attended a course. Another Subaltern (whose name I have forgotten) from Sydney University is with the 25th Brigade. Quite nice day. Roads very muddy and fields very soft.
Arranged with General Cartwright to visitLoostomorrow, where I shall be able to see the village, which has suffered bombardment from both sides and is a veritable shambles.
Last night the whole country was brilliantly illuminated with the enemy’s and our own flares. Very little Artillery fire during night and nearly all came from our guns. Wrote today to GHQ and to Base Commandant re wire concerning place and date of departure.
I have asked permission to return via Boulogne and Folkestone instead of via Havre which would mean a much longer journey.

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Monday 6th December

After breakfast went out with General A.D.C. to Fosse 7 where a number of guns of this Division are emplaced. Enemy was shelling this position very vigorously with 4".2 High Explosive, so we decided it was wiser to keep on a flank in a field rather than go to the actual gun positions until such times as enemy’s fire ceased. After about an hour fire died down and eventually ceased. We then moved forward and inspected two French Batteries of 75s, three 18 pr batteries, 6" Howitzers, 4".5 Howitzers 4".7 and 8" How batteries. We saw all these in action for a 6 minutes bombardment of the enemy’s lines, and it was a very inspiring sight to see all theses guns Loosing off at once, about 50 guns in all in an area of perhaps not more than 20 acres.
Our guns are all very well dug in, excepting Seige Artillery, and have good overhead cover, but the French batteries had only splinter proof roof, one having no cover at all. Sun shining brightly and atmosphere clear so I had a good view of distant trenches and all artillery fire. General Cartwright was called away this morning so I did not get to Loos. This trip is deferred till tomorrow. Met today Major General Holland CB, commanding the Division and General Budworth commanding the Corps Artillery. Colonel Scott, commanding one of the Artillery Brigades here is ordered back to England to take up munitions and Ordnance work, and is naturally very sore at having to leave a fighting unit. Our Artillery now appears to have plenty of shell here, as this morning’s bombardment clearly demonstrated.
Attended lecture at night given by an Engineer captain regarding construction and maintenance of trenches. I gave them details of our trench work at Gallipoli. Lecture held in large Residence set apart for instructional purposes. Any officers who in the immediate future are to have command of companies etc are withdrawn from units and put through a thorough course, inspecting the fronts during the day and receiving instructions from lectures at night.
All horses, both British and French are stabled in the villages, tethered to brick walls which surround the houses of better type. Many are accommodated in side streets and in specially constructed shelters of timber and iron or ruberoid.

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Tuesday 7th December

With Brigade Major motored out to vicinity of Fosse 7 on Lens Road then walked past the old British line to crest of ridge (Hill 65) just overlooking Loos, and from the trenches here observed a bombardment carried out by our Artillery at 10 AM. Shooting appeared very good. The 9".2 Howr battery engaged a small building near the edge of enemy’s lines, which has been harbouring machine guns. It fired 26 rounds, 2 of which were blind, several fell within a few yards of building, but the last two shots absolutely demolished the building. Our aeroplanes were overhead and one had 47 shrapnel fired at it in the space of 1 minute. When returning to DAHQ we called at and watched the 4’.5 Howr battery at work at Fosse 7, and immediately on our leaving this latter spot the enemy commenced shelling with 4".2 shell. We had just left in time. After lunch I watched 9".2 Howr shooting. It is a wonderful gun, firing a 290lb shell of which 4 a minute were actually fired.
The service of the gun was very smart. Range about 10,000x. I also watched 6" guns adjoining firing a series. These have a range of 20,000x and have frequently fired at 17,500x. These 6" guns and 9".2 Howrs are placed in the garden surrounding Divisional Headquarters, and on my way to them I passed a very beautiful pond, with very tame white swans swimming about quite at home there notwithstanding continual artillery fire.
Col Scott commanding 25th Brigade has today received his orders to report to England at once for munition work. He has an Advanced Ordnance Certificate. He is very much annoyed at having to leave. While out in the advanced positions this morning one could see any quantity of equipment of all kinds lying about, and between our new lines and the Enemy’s, many dead bodies, which no one dare bury. There are also several demolished field guns (German) and dummies.
The buildings inLoosand adjoining villages are sadly damaged and especially the magnificent machinery buildings of the various mines, which must have cost millions to put in position. The4 destruction of property is colossal. Nearly all French troops here wearing new steel helmets. British are still generally wearing the Field Service cap, though a few steel helmets are issued for use in the trenches.

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Wednesday 8th December

While General Cartwright was out on inspection duty I went round to watch the 6" and 9".2 Howrs shooting. I met Colonel Vincent commanding the Heavy Artillery and had a long interesting chat with him. The 9".2 especially did good shooting. Quite a number of aeroplanes, both ours and the enemy’s were overhead. During the afternoon one plane had no less than 137 rounds fired at it in four minutes, but no damage done. Divisional Head Quarters have kindly given me every facility for observing the frontage here and have supplied me with maps etc, so that all future movements of troops in this area I shall be able to follow with ease when I have returned to Gallipoli. I find that Generals Budworth and Cartwright were subalterns in the same battery in India with S.S.M. Hobson (from Queensland).
Met Gen Holland at DAHQ tonight. He asked me to dinner tomorrow night after I have given a lecture to the Officers school on "Operations in Gallipoli". Enemy shelled Mazingarbe last night, killed a few men and wounded some horses, besides doing damage to buildings. Several shell fell near DAHQ and made the women domestics in the House seek the cellar. Col Scott left for London. Plenty of London motor busses in this locality.

Thursday 9th December

With generals A.D.C. left D.A.H.Q. in car at 6.15 AM. Went for some distance along Lens Road, then dismissed the car and walked into Loos. Made a thorough inspection of this town. It has been terribly shelled and is absolutely a heap of ruins. There is hardly a house that has not been hit by shell. While we were there a number of shell were sent over, but did no damage. Quite a number of French and British troops are billeted among the ruins and debris. Saw an old German Battery position with quite a lot of Ammunition lying around also wicker ammunition carriers. I brought one away with me, also a shell, as a reminder of my visit to Loos. Hope later on to go beyond Loos into the forward Infantry trenches. Prepared two maps of Gallipoli about 4ft square to illustrate lecture. Lectured to about 60 officers including Maj Gen Holland C.B. D.S.O., and Brig Gen Cartwright D.S.O. I think the lecture proved to be interesting and instructive. After lecture General Cartwright and myself proceeded to Divisional HQrs and dined with the

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Divisional Commander and his Staff. Dinner would have done credit to any of the best London Hotels. Divisional Band performed during the evening. Very fine Dining room in the Chateau.

Friday 10th December

Had breakfast at 5.30 at 1st Div HQrs. General Holland had arranged to send a staff officer to conduct me round half of the firing line trenches. This officer (Capt Dobbie) took me in the cra as far as Quality Street, Fosse 7. We then walked through the rear ofLoosand inspected front line trenches including the Chalk Pit, where a 4".% How is being emplaced. Trenches were in a terrible condition – sandbags have in many cases fallen in taking the walls of trenches with them. water and slush ankle to knee deep.
Very few men supplied with gum boots though. Altogether conditions exceedingly bad. Returned to Vermelles via Popsen Alley which was awful with mud. Picked up car at Vermelles, reached home at 10.30 AM. Had lunch with General Holland. After lunch he drove me out 16 miles to Fenay, where his Division is billeted when in rest. Here he has a bomb school in progress. Selected and proved officers and N.C.Os are appointed as Instructors and a proportion of men from each battalion is put through a fortnightly course of instruction.
I saw all varieties of hand grenades and bombs successfully thrown in actual trenches specially prepared. The following are to be seen:- Machine guns – Lewis and Maxims, rifle grenades, catapault grenades of two varieties, 11’2" and 4" French Mortars. General Staff gave me book on bombs etc. Passed through a very beautiful agricultural country also mining. School is housed in romantic old Chateau. Had dinner at Div Arty HQrs and after dinner had along talk with Gen Cartwright and his Staff Capt, Capt Pile, re life and customs in India, they both having served some years there.

Saturday 11th December

By arrangement with Gen Holland I breakfasted at DHQ at 5.15AM and left with him and Col Longridge at 5.45. to see the remainder of the trenches held by 1st Division. We motored out almost to Hulluch, then took the trenches and moved through the balance of the first line trenches and the first support trench.
Exceedingly heavy rain had fallen during the early morning and the men were miserable looking beings, while the trenches were past

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description. A number of land slides had taken place during the night and in consequence it was really unsafe to move along the trenches, one’s head being often well exposed. Luckily no one was hit, though a good many rifle bullets passed by us. We returned tom Vermelles and had a good look at this town, the scene of much sanguinary fighting. The buildings are all shattered as the result of shell fire. Boarded the car here and reached home at 11.30, miserably wet and dirty. For at lEast 2 miles out of the 5 miles we walked, the water and slush in the trenches were well over the knees, and I was very thankful I had brought my trench waders with me. After lunch I went in General Cartwright’s car to Bethune and had a good look at this very interesting town. The Central Square with its quaint tower, and the old church are places of interest. There are many very excellent shops and the inhabitants are doing a splendid trade with the Soldiers. On my return to Mazingarbe I received a wire from London ordering my immediate return to Weymouth.

Sunday 12th December

Had an early breakfast and then made preparations for my return to England. Said goodbye to all the officers and left in General Cartwright’s car (kindly placed at my disposal) for Boulogne. On the way across, about 80 miles, I called at the HQrs of the Corps to which Gen Holland’s Division belongs. The General Staff there under Brig Gen Montgomery were very kind to me and sent me off with a number of aerial photos of trenches inLoosarea, also maps etc.
We reached Boulogne at 4.30PM. I immediately reported to Embarkation Office and was informed a steamer was just about to leave with about 300 officers and men on leave to England. I accordingly got aboard. The run across country in their car was very interesting, the villages particularly being very picturesque. Women are now largely cultivating the fields and it was a Common sight to see women ploughing the fields nearLooswhile the enemy’s shells were falling in the same field. The French are cultivating their land everywhere right up to the firing line. We left Boulogne at 5.15, convoyed across the Channel by a Destroyer. The night was very stormy and cold and I was very glad when we arrived at Folkestone. We left for London by train at 8.45 and arrived at Victoria Street Station at 10.45 PM. I then took a taxi to "Whitehall".

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Monday 13th December

People at Whitehall very surprised to see me again. They thought I would be almost out at the Dardanelles. Called on Colonel Buckley, and got him to telephone Weymouth asking if Transport was ready. Informed not yet arranged for. I therefore got permission to remain in London till boat was ready when Staff would wire me. I found General Hobbs was in town, so Col Buckley invited me to meet him and General Walker at lunch tomorrow. This I agreed to. I purchased a few small articles of kit, called on Miss Cowlishaw, met Major Vernon who has also to report at Weymouth and then returned to Hotel to lunch. About 3 o’clock I received a telephone call from Col Buckley telling me that a wire had just been received from Weymouth ordering all officers to report at once. I accordingly caught the 4.50 train and reached Weymouth about 9PM. Reported by phone to Base Camp. Still no word of boat.

Tuesday 14th December

Reported out to Commandant A&N.Z. Base. Found there was still no word of boat. Very annoyed because I could have met General Hobbs in London, and I wanted to know a good many points about Dardanelles Commands. Instructed to stay at Royal Hotel till officers and NCOs (about 100 of each) are ordered off. The Staff rather think we shall return on a mail boat, but nothing definite is known. Wet miserable day. Stayed in all afternoon writing letters to all at home, Charley, Gen Hobbs & Edith Halford. After dinner I repacked my bags again, disorganised because of my trip to France.

Wednesday 15th December

Ascertained that boat would not leave for a couple of days at lEast. Wired Colonel Buckley telling him that I had tomorrow available and asked if arrangements could be made at Buckingham Palace for Investiture of C.B. Gen Hobbs, Col Cannam and several others were to be decorated today. Received wire from Col Buckley stating that special Audiences have been granted by His Majesty for tomorrow. Left Weymouth by 7.20 PM train and reached waterloo about 1 hour late.
No taxis available. Walked to Whitehall Hotel, Russell Square. Very glad to get to bed.

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Thursday 16th December

Called on Colonel Buckley at 10.15. Attended at Buckingham Palace at 12.20. met by Capt Wallington, well known in Australia. Ushered into the King’s presence at 12.30 punctually.
He welcomed me with a hearty hand shake. He remained standing though still lame as the result of his recent accident, and still requiring the use of a stick. He discussed the work of the Australians in Gallipoli, and I was able to tell him some details of our Artillery work hitherto unknown to him. He told me not to be surprised if Military requirements demanded our withdrawal from the Dardanelles for more useful work elsewhere. He was very much interested in the progress of the R.A.N., and incidentally expressed great admiration for what Australia had done in the war. "I only regret" he said "that the Australians did not have an opportunity to fight in France beside our Home troops and the Canadians." He continued talking to me till 1 PM. Then he presented me with the Insignia of a Commander of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, at the same time thanking me for what I had done for the Empire, and wishing me success and God Speed upon my return to duty. On my leaving he again shook hands with me. During the afternoon I called on General Walker at No 17 Park Lane, then went on to Miss Cowlishaw’s to dinner. Afterwards she took Mrs Dr Phipps and myself to the Haymarket theatre.

Friday 17th December

Called on Colonel Buckley. Got a number of Gen handbooks, and map of Gallipoli and Balkan States.
Said Goodbye to Miss Cowlishaw. In afternoon saw General Hobbs and learned full details of Gallipoli up to time of his leaving at end of October. I also saw Col Coxen. Went to bed very early. I was very tired.

Saturday 18th December

Called on Mr Chomley at British Australasian Office. Got books re Anzac Operations. Lent them to Alice Paul to read and asked her to send them on to Nell when she had finished with them. Caught 12.30 train for Weymouth. Major Vernon came with me. Reached Weymouth 4.30 PM and reported to Base Commandant.
Stayed to dinner at request of Col Sir Newton Moore. Amusing incident at Hotel re my German Shell. GOC District wanted to Confiscate it, but that was not in accord with my ideas and did not "come off".

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Sunday 19th December

Left Weymouth at 10.15 AM for Devonport. Reached there at 3.30PM. At once went aboard the "Ionic" a White Star Liner. She is carrying and English Battalion, (East Lancashires) 2 Corps of Engineers, a Field Ambulance, and our party consisting of about 60 N.Zealand and Australian officers and about 120 NZ and A. N.C.Os. Left wharf at 4.15. Tug caught us up later with our baggage, the ship being unable to wait at wharf because of falling tide. In the gathering dusk I noticed a destroyer convoying up, and we took our last look at England for perhaps a very long time.
Exceedingly glad to be once more on the move, notwithstanding the fact that my stay in England and France has been exceedingly enjoyable and interesting. Saw H.M.S. WARSPRITE in dock at Devonport. She has evidently been in Collision, for her bow is being repaired. She is a sister ship to the "Queen Elizabeth".

Monday 20th December

When I awoke this morning I found our Destroyer Escort had left us. A very beautiful day. Sea very calm. Have been sorting over my boxes today. I hear we shall probably call at "Malta. I hope so, for so far I have only seen this important naval station from the sea. A beautiful moonlight night. The famous Bay of Biscay is treating us handsomely. Ship exceedingly comfortable. Though my bed seems a trifle narrow after the beds in England. I have a nice comfortable cabin to myself. Commencing to read up my books and thus refresh my memory again for my Artillery duties. Lt Col Rickman of the East Lancs is O.C. troops. This Regiments band played for us very nicely yesterday afternoon as we dropped down Devonport harbour to Plymouth Sound, and also again this afternoon. Had a good look over the 4".7 gun placed aft. I think we could give a good account of ourselves if a submarine came around.

Tuesday 21st December

Another beautiful day. Spent bulk of the day in darning socks.

Wednesday 22nd December

All boat stations allotted in case of Submarine Attack. I am in command of boat No 15 with

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three other officers, including a N. Zealand Army medical Lieut Colonel, and 48 A.S.C. men. Received by wireless the news that our troops had evacuated Suvla and Anzac. Everybody very sorry to hear it. We all hoped to see the Dardanelles propositions through. I understand we are to hold Helles and to temporarily control the entrance to the Dardanelles. Wireless states our loss in withdrawal was three men wounded. Sounds rather too good to be true, but we are informed withdrawal was made in a thick fog. I wonder is my baggage lost or otherwise.
I think I can trust my orderly officer to bring it off if at all possible. Wrote to Nell, all the boys, Mother and Edith Halford ready for posing tomorrow at Gilbraltar.

Thursday 23rd December

Wireless news states that Asquith announced in the House of Commons withdrawal from Gallipoli cost only three men wounded. Six guns were abandoned the type not being specified, but they were absolutely destroyed before being left.
Band’s efforts today especially good. Several numbers encored. We are now nearing Gilbraltar and will arrive about 10PM, by which time I shall doubtless be in bed.

Friday 24th December

Arrived off Gilbraltar at 11.PM. last night. Ordered to go in to "Gib" for orders. Upanchored again at 11.30 PM and continued on voyage. We are now being escorted by two T.B. Destroyers, H.M.S. Alcorn and Shelldrake. So we feel reasonably safe. Band again played during morning and afternoon. Muster parade for Ships boats and fire drill at 4PM. A Committee has arranged sports for Officers and men to be carried out during the period between Xmas and New Year. Had a very enjoyable concert in Dining Saloon during evening, the band contributing several items. I sang "Nazareth". Some of our "young bloods" very merry and continued their exuberance of spirits till 1.AM.

Saturday 25th December

Christmas day here again. The last one I spent in Egypt and a great deal has happened since then. Awakened at 6 AM by the Band playing in various parts of the Ship. "Christians Awake," "Hark the Herald Angels Sing" and "O Come all ye faithful".

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During the day we passed along close to the Coast of Africa. The rugged background of mountains in colour reminded me of the Blue Mountains in New South Wales, and they were heavily capped with snow. Passed a dozen mine sweepers at work. Sports held during the day. The men thoroughly enjoyed themselves. Officers competitions commence tomorrow. Specially nice dinner arranged this evening. We Anzacs usually dine at 6 and the British Officers at 7, the dining saloon not being large enough to accommodate all at one sitting, but tonight we divided the officers into groups with an equal number of British and Anzac officers, thus ensuring a better knowledge of each other. One of our officers again forgot himself and for a time made things a little unpleasant. A very nice Church Service at 10.30 this morning. It was quite a treat to hear the troops lustily singing the old Christmas hymns.

Sunday 26th December

A comparatively quiet day although Boxing day. Church parade at 10AM. Quite a full attendance. Band performed during morning and afternoon. In the afternoon a corporal of the East Lancs sang solos (with band accompaniment) very effectively. Heard by wireless that a Japanese passenger boat had been sunk near us in the Mediterranean with considerable loss of life. Wrote letters to all the family – and to Alice Lindsay for posting tomorrow at Malta.

Monday 27th November

Arrived off Malta (Valetta) about 8.30 AM. Some delay in passing through entrance because of a collision inside between two boats. Saw a French Cruiser outside and one of our own submarines passed us going in. Took several photos as we entered Harbour. Finished our morning at Buoy 12. Hope they turn out well.
Bumboats pestered us round the ship – Boys diving for silver, copper would not tempt them. Went ashore immediately after lunch.
Obtained permission from the Superintendent of Police to take photos in Malta. Wandered round a good deal. Saw S.John’s Church, the Museum opposite, Library, palace, Armoury etc and altogether had a most interesting afternoon. Bought some Maltese lace for Nell. Streets very narrow and well crowded, even goats being given street room, and the owners halting at various houses with their goats and drawing off milk as required. Milk must be fairly cheap as one owner was wishing to sell rather a good

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specimen of a goat for 18 pence. Met Lts Pybus and Hare, both invalided to Malta on account of dysentery. I hear all our mounted units have returned to Egypt while the Infantry are remaining for the present at Mudros. Should very much like to put in a week here. Could spend the time very profitably and enjoyably.
Understand we are to leave here at daylight tomorrow. Returned to the ship at 5.30 PM.

Tuesday 28th December

Instructions given last night to unload a quantity of frozen mutton, so we shall not leave Malta till tomorrow morning. Major Heane D.S.O. and myself went ashore at 11 AM to spend the day. Went to Borgs shop, Strada Reale no 269 and we each purchased a silver tray in Filigree work. Had a wretched lunch at Westmister Hotel, took some photos, and then took train from Valetta station to Notabile or Cetta Vecchia, the old capitol before Valetta was built and declared. Here we visited the ancient Catacombs which are exceedingly interesting, saw girls making lace and visited the Cathedral. A Service was in progress and enhanced the beauty of this wonderful building. It is wonderfully decorated with marble and paintings, the floor is of marble covering the tombs of ancient notables. The old fortifications are very interesting and from one wall a magnificent panorama of the greater part of the island is obtained, including Church of Musta with its famous dome, and St Paul’s bay in the distance.
Took several photos of French Battleships lying in Grand harbour. The "Ernest Renan" Armoured Cruiser 6 funnels launched March 1906 of 13644 tons and complement of 750. Her Armament four 7".6, twelve 6".4, sixteen 9pr, eight 3pr, two 1prs and two submerged 18" torpedo tubes. The battleship "Republique" 3 funnels, launched December 1903 of 14865 tons, complement 793. Flag Ship. Armament four 12", eighteen 6".4, twenty-five 3pr, two 1pr, two submerged 18" torpedo tubes and 3 above water. The "Combet" (launched September 1911), "Jean Bart" (launched September 1911) and "Paris" (launched September 1912) 3 funnel Dreadnoughts of 23,467 tons . Complement 904. Armament twelve 12", twenty two 5".5, four 3prs, four submerged 18" Torpedo tubes. The "Chateaurenault" of 4 funnels was also there but I could not obtain particulars of her. Our old Sydney friend ‘H.M.S. Euryalis" the cruiser (once the Flag Ship in Sydney Harbour) was also in Port. She has 4 funnels, of 12,000 tons, complement 700, Armament two 9".2, twelve 6", thirteen 12prs, three 3prs, and two submerged

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18" Torpedo tubes. We returned to the ship to dinner, and afterwards Major Heane and myself went ashore again, roamed round Valetta, & bought views, etc. Walked through the suburb of Floriana, over the granaries, and returned to ship at 9.30 PM.
Our stay here has been exceedingly enjoyable. Heard tonight that our evacuation at Gallipoli was exceedingly well planned, and though 19 Hospital ships were sent there in case of serious casualties, they all returned empty. I shall obtain full particulars from my officers when I get to Alexandria.

Wednesday 29th December

Left Port at 8.30AM. As we passed between the French Battleships our band struck up the "Marseilles", "God Save the King" and a number of patriotic airs, while the band on the French Flagship played "Tipperary". Very hearty cheers were given by both French sailors and our troops. We are now moving without an escort. Passed several ships shortly after we left port, including a Hospital Ship and a French mailboat. Competitions, boxing, wrestling, deck billiards, deck quoits etc continued. Boat stations practised. Guard mounted against possible submarine attack. Course set Northwards. Mt Etna visible covered with snow. Played draughts at night with majors Vernon and McIntosh.

Thursday 30th December

A private of E. Lancashire Regt (an Officers Servant) died last night from heat apoplexy. Very hot during night and yesterday afternoon. He was buried at daylight this morning. Competitions continued during day. Col Field and myself signalling. East Lancs’ officers entertained Anzac officers at dinner tonight. Oppressively hot.

Friday 31st December

At 10.30 AM this morning a submarine periscope suddenly appeared about 200 yards from the ship on the Port Beam, as we were about 100 miles S.E. of Crete. Before our stern gun could swing round on it, it had disappeared, and we could distinctly see the trail of a Torpedo from the Submarine coming towards the Ship. The Captain’s bridge is high up and has affine command. He saw the Torpedo coming and immediately swung his helm

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hard over, throwing the ship to Starboard. The torpedo in consequence missed the ship and passed us about 50 yards astern. "Thank God" ejaculated the Captain. The alteration of course had also the effect of throwing the Submarine itself astern of us. The Captain put on full speed and we travelled all day and tonight at about 151/2 knots. We saw nothing further of the Submarine.
A fully armed guard was maintained around the ship all day and in consequence our Sports programme had to be abandoned. A wireless message was sent out immediately and picked up by a Man O’ War about 100 miles distant. This ship then warned by wireless all ships in the vicinity.
We had a very close call and everybody was quite relieved when darkness came on and gave us a chance to run a straight course with comparative safety.

[Transcribed by John Stephenson for the State Library of NSW]