Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales

Brooks war diary, 23 October 1916-19 November 1918 / J. Brooks
MLMSS 1276

[Transcriber’s notes:
This diary appears to have been written retrospectively, not always in narrative order. In summary:
Sailed from Adelaide on transport Port Melbourne on 23 October 1916, travelling via Fremantle & Perth, then Durban, Capetown and Freetown, Sierra Leone (pp 2-20).
Praise for Miss [Ethel] Campbell, who made a practice of welcoming Australian troop ships and cheering them on their way again (pp 11 and 85-86).
Arrived in Plymouth, England, on 28 December 1916 (p21).
Travelled by train to Codford Camp, Salisbury Plain where he was in training until 5 August 1917 (pp 22-38), including a 2-week musketry school at Tidford (26 February 1917 – pp 29-31) and a route march to Bulford (near Amesbury) for a review by the King in which, he writes, 70,000 Australians took part (17 April 1917 – pp 32-33).
Provides verses of a comic song about Codford Camp on pp 20-25 and describes furloughs in London 8-11 January 1917 (pp 25-28) and 28 June 1917 (pp 35-37), listing the places he visited and commenting on "the tubes", "the ceaseless traffic" as well as the helpfulness of the "London policeman" (pp 35-36).
Became ill while on leave in London (29 June 1917) and was hospitalised at Millbank Hospital until 9 July 1917 (pp 36-37).
Describes a German air raid on London on 7 July 1917 (page 37).
Left Codford and sailed From Folkestone to Boulogne on 5 August 1917 (pp 38-39), then going by train to Harfleur and on to base camp near Le Havre.
Left base camp on 22 August 1917, travelling by train for Rouen, then Etaples and Bailleul, Hazebrouck and on to Lugy then Ypres (pp 41-52).
Pages 52 to 81 describe a pattern of rest camp, front line, support lines, moving to and from various locations, in the mud and slush of the trenches and the noise and danger of German bombardment.
Brooks was badly wounded in the leg and arm between Daours and Villers-Bretonneux on 24 April 1918 (page 81) and his leg was amputated at a Casualty Clearing Station. He spent 12 days in hospital in Rouen and was then transferred to St Thomas’s Hospital, London.
He then spent time in a convalescent hospital before travelling back to Australia on the Arawa.
The Arawa sailed on 17 September 1918 via Capetown and Durban. Brooks reports that the influenza epidemic had been severe in both Capetown and Durban, and no one was allowed ashore.
News of the Armistice received on 11 November 1918 (p 86).
Arrived Melbourne on 18 November 1918 and travelled by special train to Adelaide (pp 86-87.

[Page 1]
An account of my travels abroad

Left Adelaide 23rd October 1916
Returned 19th November 1918

J. Brooks.
163 Gilles St
Adelaide
(50th Battalion A.I.F)

[Page 2]
On Monday, 23rd October 1916, I embarked from the Outer Harbour, S. Australia. Our objective was, as everyone, knows only too well, for the seat of war. We left Mitcham Station, by special train at 9. o’clock. We were greeted with great enthusiasm by a large numbers of people, in the streets of Port Adelaide. The windows of the carriages were gay with small flags. We reached the "Harbour" about 10. In a few minutes, we were on board the transport, which was to be our home for nine weeks

The quay was crowded with our loved ones and friends, who were so anxious to say a fond goodbye, (how brave they endeavoured to be too!). Streamers were very prominent, they presented a fine sight. Figuratively, they were far more powerful than any wireless could be. If those streamers had voices, what passion they could have unfolded of the hidden messages of love and hope!!, between the men on the ship, and their loved ones on the quay. A loud toot from the ship’s whistle soon told all, that in a few minutes, we would be on our

[Page 3]
way. The band on board played that pathetic selection, "Some hearts will be joyful, some hearts will be sad," just before leaving. The truest thing, that ever music proclaimed!

There were loud and fervent cheers for the brave boys, as the ship slowly, but surely moved its way from the quay. In three hours time, the shores of South Australia were lost to view, I know each man’s thoughts were "When will I see them again?

For the next two or three days, we encountered rough weather, necessitating very many to make the ship’s hospital their temporary home!

On Friday, we saw King George’s Sound and the Leewin Lighthouse. We also passed two transports The weather was particularly fine at this period, a fine bracing sea wind blowing.

On Saturday, Oct 28th 1916, we passed Rottnest Island (once an old aboriginal prison) A swarm of porpoises were following the boat.

[Page 4]
About 12 o’clock midday, we were standing about 2 miles out from Fremantle. The C.O. of the transport organised a concert on board in the evening. We spent a very pleasant evening; the lights of Fremantle showing up very finely.

News was quickly circulated, that we were going to visit Perth. That proved to be the case!

On Sunday morning, 29th October 1916, about 11.30. a.m, we were taken ashore in small steamers, to the quay at Fremantle. From Fremantle, we were carried by train to Perth, a distance of about 12 miles. The carriages were of a most antique type, but who cared!

We reached Perth about 12.15. p.m. We were now free to spend the time sight seeing. A friend and myself had dinner in Barrack St, Perth. We had a good look round the city, and its suburbs.

[Page 5]
The Swan River is very pleasing to the eye. But Perth cannot compare with Adelaide! Not in my opinion!

We left Perth about 6. o’clock, and were soon at Fremantle once again. The night was very dismal, a light drizzling rain setting in.

The next day, the 30th October 1916, was particularly fine. Some 750 troops embarked on our transport (Western Australians)

At 5. o’clock, we left Fremantle amidst great enthusiasm. In an hour’s time, we had seen the last of the shores of Australia for some time. In a day or two, we settled down to make ourselves, as comfortable as possible. We were fairly crowded though!

All sorts of amusement was indulged in, "Crown and anchor", race games of all descriptions, "two up"!, and who can call to mind the rest! Light drill and exercises were carried out

[Page 6]
by the respective C.O.s of the "reinstouchments" The band enlivened proceedings in the evening, and at intervals throughout the day.
A ship’s library was instituted and men were to be found in all corners and nooks of the ship, indulging in studying the thoughts of their authors. Poker, nap, dominoes etc had its fair share of patronage on the troop decks in the evening.

Water, water, and not a drop to drink was all we all saw for fourteen days! Bottles, with messages therein, were frequently thrown into the water. I wonder how many have reached their loved ones!

I have seen "fortunes" made and lost in a single night on board the Port Melbourne!

We were fortunate in not striking rough weather in our sailing between the Golden West and Durban (S Africa)

What was the cause of all the excitement n board, on the afternoon of Nov 14th 1916?

[Page 7]
The cause was soon known! We were only four hours from the shores of Durban! We were now sailing very slowly, the sea appeared to be more like glass than water.

Coming into Durban, the fine wireless station is the most prominent object It is situated on the summit of a high promontory. We passed a large hospital ship on its way to Australia. Bursts of cheers and the well known Australian cries of Coo-ee. rent the air. Many wished "they" were on that hospital ship!

In a few minutes, the Port Melbourne was up against the quay. One could now obtain a fine view of the fine city of Durban. Crowds of colored children begged for coppers from the men, who responded liberally.

All manner of dress and costume decorated their person. The native police, with their clothes miles

[Page 8]
too big for them and wearing no socks or boots looked peculiar!

In the evening, about 7. we had a big march through Durban, again receiving a fine ovation from the residents. We were dismissed at the palatial town hall of Durban till 10.30. We made the best use of our time, All the sights of a strange city are novel to a newcomer. Most of the men took advantage of "looking after little Mary"! We did this "point of duty" at the Y.M.CA and those fine cafes common in Durban.

What we could see of Durban in the night-light, satisfied nearly all I guess. The ricksaws pleased the men immensely. Similar to a light sulky, and propelled by a dark man of good physical proportions, they make a brave show. Their antics are also amusing.

We returned back to our ship at the appointed time.

We had another march through

[Page 9]
Durban the next day, we took another route, passing through a different portion of the city.

In company with Corporals Edgar and Harrington, I had luncheon at a fine appointed little cafe on the beach. Heavy rain fell at this period. One could obtain a fine view of the beautiful hotels on the esplanade of Durban, likewise the immense waves.

We had another march through Durban in the afternoon. We passed the native prison.

Speaking of prisons makes me think of the queer sights I saw in this city A line of native prisoners, with a large or long chain, each man having a hand shackled. The native warders, armed with a sort of waddy and a dangerous looking spear, did not look pleasing to a bystander, let alone the miserable victim!

We provided the Durban people with an exhibition football match, as played in Australia which proved interesting to them and evoked pleasant eulogies in

[Page 10]
the morning "dailies" I did not attend the match myself.

Lance Corporal Ringwood and myself had a fine afternoon’s engagement. We took the tram and had a nine miles’ right ride round the fine suburbs of Durban. A commanding view of the harbour could be obtained. We visited the native portion of the town later in the afternoon; this being set apart for them, some two miles out of the main portion of Durban.

Views of Durban, and its environs were eagerly bought by the men, to send home to Australia. The streets of Durban are very spacious, likewise are the buildings particularly fine.

Durban has a fine coaling machine it is a treat to watch it at work!

I also visited the whaling station, which proved interesting. The whaling grounds are situated some sixty miles out of Durban.

I must give volumes of praise to the

[Page 11]
Wesley Hall people for their magnificent kindness to us, likewise the Y.M.CA Who can ever forget Miss Campbell for her indefatigable energy in providing good cheer for us I am sure all true Australians think of her with pride!

We encountered large numbers of Tommies (Englishmen) while in Durban, also regiments of S. Africans. The proved to be fine fellows!

I am sure everyone appreciated Durban very much, its city, its people and their kindnesses.

On the morning of Saturday Nov 18th 1916 we left Durban. As was usual with all Australian transports, Miss Campbell bid us "bon voyage" and "God speed"! Miss Campbell received an ovation she richly deserved.

In a couple of hours, Durban was lost to sight but not our association with it, nor the kindnesses we received. In a couple of years’ time, it was my good fortune to see Durban again but in a different

[Page 12]
aspect.

The weather was very clear for the next two days We were on our way to Capetown We were travelling about thirty miles from the coast. The sun, shining on the rock-brown shores, they looked brilliant at times.

About eight o’clock at night, on the 20th November, we saw faint lights on some distant shore. In the morning light, this town proclaimed itself as Capetown. We were coming into the wharf about half past seven.

The famous Table mountain is a very fine sight. It overhangs the city of Capetown like a dark cloud; Capetown lying nestled at its foot.

We disembarked here, but on account of having a case of meningitis aboard, we did not visit the main part of Capetown We had a route march through the outskirts of Capetown, that particular portion is known as Green Point.

[Page 13]
After doing some six miles, we rested, swarms of native people had all manner of delicious fruit for sale, which went like hot cakes.

On the march I noticed, perched on the peaks of very high hills, commanding a fine view of the sea and its incoming craft, a good number of guns, to be used as an offensive in case of invasion one guessed, which proved to be correct.

We retraced our steps and reached our ship again about 1 o’clock. We moved out of the wharves in the evening about 6. and stood off about ¾ of a mile from the shore.

Next day 22nd Nov, 1916, we left Capetown Capetown in a light drizzling rain. Capetown disappeared from our view like a dream under the mist of the light rain.

We settled down to make our minds easy again after our sightseeing. The old "crown and anchor" etc etc were brought to light again. Boxing tournaments were held, and other sports carried out, which passed made the time

[Page 14]
pass pleasantly enough.

A sharp lookout is now kept up, we are nearing the danger zone, viz "the submarines danger" Life boat drill is carried out twice or more times a day.

The orders were:– "as long as you appeared" on your respective parade deck with your life belt, you were O.K. Some queer looking specimens of humanity appeared at various time; viz minus tunics boots or putties, alas! some in their birthday suits!

All sorts of rumours were current on board the Port Melbourne; as regards our future port of call, and our general movements.

Today, Nov 26th 1916, we mounted a gun in case a "friendly sub" appeared, also a general guard, whose duty it was to keep "their eyes well skinned" for a "bobbing periscope"

It is five weeks today (Monday 27th 1916) since we left Adelaide, it seems like five years to most of us!

I noticed a tramp steamer some ten miles away this evening. Quite a welcome sight! A few flying fish and a couple of whales

[Page 15]
snorting relieved the monotony for a few minutes We are well into the tropics now, the heat is almost unbearable. A very thin singlet and "shorts" constitute the dress of the "digs" at this period.

Judging by preparations being made by the sailors, etc, we are nearing a port.

Today the sea was extraordinary calm, the heat was sweltering, the sea looked like glass. A little after 2, land appeared on the horizon, and as we neared this land, we could distinguish a sort of a hilly country.

The speed of the ship slackened somewhat. News spread rapidly through the ship, that the land in sight was – Sierra Leone; Freetown being the capital. The coast scenery was very fine, as we neared this new port of call.

About 500 yards from us, a large number of black men, in a somewhat limited amount of "ship-room" was observed. By and bye, large numbers of these peculiarly shaped craft made their appearance.

Freetown from a distance looked similar to Durban; but it proved to be very dissimilar in other

[Page 16]
respects
The large number of bays and inlets, in the coast are very entrancing. A large lighthouse stood on the edge of this coast "(a sentinel of the sea)".

The next day Sunday, 3rd Dec 1916 was the hottest day I have ever experienced in my life, awnings were erected everywhere for our benefit

There are a number of other Australian transports, also warships in the bay alongside us, evidently awaiting further orders from the Admiralty.

The dark people were not slow in looking for trade; every morning and afternoon found them constant visitors at our ship’s side endeavouring to sell their wares; fruit of all description. They did not experience much trouble in the disposing of them!

We are lying about 2 miles off from the coast. With a pair of glasses, one could distinguish a large building perched on top of a hill, at the rear of Freetown. This proved to be a British garrison. Much signalling and Morse code work are

[Page 17]
taking place, re the future movements of the transports. Last night two more warships came into the bay.

The current, just where our boat is anchored is very strong; the Port Melbourne revolves twice daily. Immense numbers of jelly fish make periodical visits in the vicinity of our ship. They are most peculiarly shaped objects!

The oranges, one buys from the natives are perfectly green, but this is no "detriment" as regards their flavour. The black man or native, who sold these named oranges to me, was perfectly naked; no he had a soft felt hat on his woolly head!

About every third or fourth day, immense numbers of black men or women from the town, canoe their way to the opposite shore. This is marketing day!

All the marvellous wireless messages invented by "Billjim" re our future movements seem to be dead. No! on the evening of Dec. 6th, news filtered thro’, that we were going ashore tomorrow morning

[Page 18]
This proved to be correct!

About half 12, large barges, manned by our black friends, came trudging across towards our direction from the town. These barges were crowded to their fullest capacity with "Billjims".

We had a route march through the town, it proved to be a typical dark man’s habitation. We nearly roasted on our march!
On either side of the roadway, an admiring crowd of these black people, wondered what the last shower had brought down. All colours of the rainbow were to be seen in their dress. But they proved to be very well educated, some of them.

Our final objective was the garrison, perched on the summit of the hill. There we rested for lunch. We were now free for a few hours We made the best use of our time, visiting this queer type of town. Its streets were of the narrowest, it made me think of the pictures, one sees of the streets and their bazaars in China

[Page 19]
The names of streets, Kissing St, Kissing Road sounded strange in our ears! But this took the proverbial bun! Outside a shop was a sign:– "The sympathetic undertaker and contractor"

Fruit vendors of all description chipped us! The shops in the way of novelties did a roaring trade, like the postcard ones!

How human beings looked living in some of the hovels I saw, gots me beaten!

A native girl, about 13 years of age, acted as a guide to my friend and I. She could buy from her kin too! She was our agent so to speak!

"Sar, sweet orange Master" was the well worn phrase of the fruit vendor.

The native soldiery acting in the capacity of guard round the garrison, was very fine.

We spent an interesting time in those few hours ashore.

It was just dusk as we formed up again, prior to embarking on the barges again The native band within the garrison struck up and it sounded particularly well too! The Port Melbourne was finally reached again We had spent a pleasant day!

[Page 20]
There are only about 90 white inhabitants living in 8, so we were told!

(Dec 9th 1916) We have been here a week now another transport came in tonight, a French one, our band struck up the "Marseillaise".

(Dec 14th 1916) We are preparing to leave Sierra Leone now, messages are flying from ship to ship. The warboats are getting into their particular formation now.
At twenty minutes past 3, today the 14th, we slowly moved off from Freetown, after putting in the hottest twelve days in my life.

No lights are allowed at night now; not the glimmer of a cigarette, that would mean perhaps the loss of hundreds of life, through the agency of a "sub" We are travelling in a given formation; the auxiliary cruiser in the lead. Life-boat drill is frequent now, everyone realises the possible danger of an enemy "sub" or "subs"

As we neared England, the weather became colder each day. We spent Xmas day at sea in the best circumstances we could.

[Page 21]
About 5. o’clock this afternoon we noticed 4 specks of smoke on the horizon, that gave the transports and our warships a clue to their whereabouts.
A heavy fog was present with us In a minute or two, 3 destroyers and 2 patrol boats were alongside us. They remained with us, till we came right into Plymouth Sound. Mine sweepers were in front of us doing their little bit! The day was very overcast, the guns in France were very audible

Well we had performed a long journey and so far Fritz had not claimed one of us as yet! In a few minutes we were within the Sound; as is usual in entering a port, our progress was slow! Fine commanding cliffs overlook the Sound.

The health officer was soon aboard, and at six o’clock on the evening of Dec 28th 1916 we stepped off the Port Melbourne, after a nine week’s sojourn.

Special trains were awaiting to convey us to our respective training areas on Salisbury Plains.

[Page 22]
A miserable drizzling rain fell at this period, intermingled with snow and hail, it was not desirable, although it did not dampen the spirit of the men.

Our train left about 6.30, and was soon whirling us along to our new destination. The train finally stopped at Codford, about 12 or in the early morning. We were all tired to the point of exhaustion on arrival. Loaded up with our aquipment, bags, etc, we looked like wandering Gipsies, doing a midnight flight.

We passed through Codford in due course, the old fashioned streets and thatched cottages seemed like old friends to me, I having closely observed them in pictures in Australia. Another mile and we were at Codford camp, this camp being about two miles out from the station. We were soon fast asleep, amid our new surroundings.

We were examined next day, and the "doc" thought it prudent to give us the needle" again

We received letters from Australia today (29th Dec 1916)

[Page 23]
they having raced us across They were eagerly read these letters!

The weather was nearly unbearable at this period, it was supposed to be the coldest winter for thirty years, and I believe the weather prophets too!

I celebrated New Year’s Day by doing guard duty!

Training was now begun in earnest now Who can ever forget the "pimple", as the hill in front of our camp was "affectionately" named

A few verses re Codford Camp would not be amiss.

There’s an isolated, desolated spot I’d like to mention
Where all you here is "Stand at ease" "Slope arms" "Quick march" "attention"
It’s miles away from anywhere, by Gad it is a rum ’un
a Chap lived there fifty years and never saw a woman

There are lots of little huts, all dotted here and there,
For those, who have to live inside, I’ve offered many a prayer.
Inside the huts there’s Rats, as big as any nanny goat
Last night a soldier saw one trying on his overcoat

[Page 24]
Its slush up to the eyebrows, you get it in your ears
But into it, you’ve got to go, without a sign of fear
And when you’ve had a bath of slush, you just set to and groom
And get cleaned up for next parade, or else it’s orderly room

Week in, week out, from morn to night, with full pack and a rifle
Like Jack and Jill, you climb the hills, of course that’s just a trifle
"slope arms" "Fix bayonets" then "Present", they fairly put you through it
And as your stagger to your hut, the Sergeant shouts, "Jump to it"!

With tunics, boots and puttees off, you quickly get the habit.
You gallop up and down the hills just like a blooming rabbit
"Heads backward bend", "Arms upward stretch" "Heels raise", then "ranks change places
And later on, they make you put your kneecaps where your face is!

[Page 25]
Now when this war is over, and we’ve captured Kaiser Billy
To Shoot him would be merciful and absolutely silly
Just when send him down to Codford, there among the Rats and clay
And I’ll bet it won’t be long before he droops and fades away!

Codford is not so bad as this, we soldiers so exaggerate our troubles, a soldier has the privilege to growl, he is a good soldier if he does, we must therefore all be good soldiers.

Pack up all your troubles in your old kit bag and smile, smile, smile says the song, but a hardened pessimistic soldier said in reply, when asked to pack his troubles in the said bag, said he didn’t have enough bags!

The camp was early astir on the morning of the 8th Jan 1917. We left Codford, making our way to the station, we were going to London on furlough How sweet this sounded to me!

It was quite dark when we left. We entrained about 8 and after a three hour ride in the train, we arrived at Paddington

[Page 26]
Station.

The waterways I noticed while travelling to London struck me as an economical way of travelling, as regards goods. It brought to mind, mind pictures of Jerome K. Jerome’s fascinating and humorous book "Three men in a boat".

The morning was bitterly cold as we made our way to the Australian Head Quarters in Horseferry Road, London. We passed through Hyde Park, now in her winter rig. We finally reached Headquarters; after a short lecture, we were free for four days.

The dead of winter is not the most pleasant of times to be in London, still sightseeing was my ambition.

I went to the London Coliseum in the afternoon, I happened to have seen four of the star turns, when they appeared in Australia. I also saw an extract from the "Better ‘Ole", judging by the nice life led by Bill, Alf and Bert, the future life in France did not seem too promising!

London was quite dark, when the theatre performance was finished this afternoon

[Page 27]
London was very dark at night, the lights were all restricted on account of the grave danger of enemy aircraft. Only faint lights were allowed in buses and the tops of all street lights were darkened, throwing only a faint light on the ground. It had to be! The risk was too great! It was disconcerting to a perfect stranger in a strange city like London.

Theatres and all entertainments carried on as usual, although the ranks of the mummers were depleted somewhat! London, as everyone knows, swarms with theatres, playing opera drama, light comedy and music comedy, not to say the numerous music halls.

The next three days I spent to the fullest extent, visiting the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey, the Waxworks (Madam Taussaud’s), St Paul’s, the London Museum, Buckingham Palace, Crystal Palace, Houses of Lords and Commons and other places of great historical types. I also went to the Hippodrome, the London Pavilion, and the Alambra, where George Robey was going strong. One only sees a very little in the short time

[Page 28]
of four days.

The institutions, such as the Y.M.CA, War Chest Club and other hostels are much appreciated by the soldiers on leave in London. I had the good fortune to meet many kind people, who were only too happ pleased to show one places of interest. I had the good fortune to visit other places in London on another occasion, in June of this year 1917.

On Jan 11th 1917 we entrained again for Codford from Paddington, reaching our camp about 10 o’clock after having spent a fine time in "dear old Blighty".

Training again commenced in earnest, we had some particularly fine falls of snow in January and February; they were novel sights to most of us; they were particularly fine too.

About a couple of miles from Codford, one could visit quaint old fashioned little villages Wyle and Stockton by name, each village had an historical tale to be told by its villagers.

The pretty winding streams and the old fashioned watermills were very pleasing to the eye. Likewise the ever winding roads and the hedges in place of fences, as we were accustomed to see in Australia. I can still picture in mind the quaint old fashioned churches, with the
(in Pencil) War Crest Club was opposite AIF HQ’s in Horseferry Rd. Set up by Brig Gen Sir Robert Anderson.

[Page 29]
time honoured churchyard. It reminded me of Grey’s Elegy"

I happened to see a peculiarly worded inscription in a the little churchyard at Stockton Salisbury plains. This was the inscription:–

Here lyeth the body of Mary Barnes, who died Nov. 22nd anno domini 1709
To all young people, that pass by, as you are now, so once was I, as I am now, so must you be,
Therefore prepare to follow me!

I could name others. Roaming round the picturesque little villages on the plains was almost a passion with me!

I remained at Codford till the 26th February, when in company with other men from our camp, we were detailed to attend a musketry school at Tidworth, some twenty miles from Codford

We left Codford at 8. o’clock and reached that fine little town of Salisbury. In company with L Corporal Teague, we spent a very pleasant time perambulating the city, we visited the fine cathedral and other environs of Salisbury Salisbury struck me as one of the most old fashioned towns I had the pleasure to visit

[Page 30]
We entrained at Salisbury at 2. o’clock and proceeded as far as HAndover. Here we had to change trains again, and a further wait of two hours for our train.

HAndover was very pleasing to the eye, with its fine scenery and its quaint streets and environs.

We entrained again and finally reached Tidworth at 6 o’clock, then just dusk. A ten minutes walk brought us to the barracks, Tidworth. Here we were enrolled and our barracks allotted to us.

Our school began in earnest next day and most pleasant memories of my association with the "Tommy" instructors are still with me. Tidworth is not very beautiful to gaze at, but still with the aid of a good garrison theatre, and a goodly number of shops, a pleasant time could be spent.

The area of the barracks in this town must have been easily 1½ miles square. It was the easiest thing in the world to get lost at night, and wander about for some considerable time, before one happened to hit one’s right barrack.

[Page 31]
Weekend leave was plentiful, so we had good time to visit neighbouring towns.

Just outside our barracks was a large Y.M.CA hut, who catered very liberally for soldiers. As in all centres in England and France, the Y. Emma" have responded nobly to "the men who fought and won".

Concerts of a high quality occurred frequently thanks to the generosity of the artists.

There was a fine market at Tidworth, the best assortment of cards I have yet seen were to be procured here.

Dame Nature treated us to a fine display of snow at indefinite periods.

There was a large aeroplane school at this place and machines were as common as birds.

After a pleasant sojourn of three weeks at Tidworth, we left here on the 22nd March 1917 for Codford again: We leave reached Salisbury about 5 o’clock, we were cosily ensconced in a neighbouring cafe a few minutes after, busily enjoying ham and eggs in a real English little eating house.

[Page 32]
We remained here the night, a magnificent fall of snow transformed Mother Earth into a veritable fairyland. Everything seemed hushed up, it was glorious to sit by the kindly fire of the Y.M. down the street.

We caught the 7.30 train to Codford in the morning, a biting cold wind giving one a chill down the spine. The sights were glorious, as we caught flying glimpses of the countryside, the fall of snow on the previous night being the cause.

We reached Codford in due course, having reported ourselves back to our respective battalion orderly rooms, we were free for the day. We were now installed on the musketry staff, (those who had qualified at the school).

On April 17th 1917, we had a very long route march to Bulford. Our object was to be reviewed by the King. Leaving Codford at 8. o’clock with full packs and carrying our blankets, we reached Larkhill about 3 in the afternoon.

Larkhill is some 12 miles from Codford and was the centre of a very large

[Page 33]
training centre for Australians and other troops We camped here the night and at 7 in the morning, we left Larkhill to perform the remaining five miles to Bulford.

We arrived here in due course; after every minute detail that was possible to be done for the complete success of the function; we had a grand march past, the King taking the salute. Some 70,000 Australians took part in this affair. It must have been a grand sight to an onlooker

This function over, we had dinner and proceeded back to Larkhill again, We were thoroughly tired out after the day’s operations, and needed no rocking to sleep!

We left for Codford early in the morning reaching that place again about 3 in the afternoon.

I had a good opportunity to inspect the wondrous stones or cromlechs, famous in history, which were once the tomb or ensigns of the ancient Druids, so we were told. We bought Post cards of these stones, others, who had cameras have "snaps" to remind

[Page 34]
them of these huge stones.

I heard sad news on arrival at Codford, poor Frank Kingsley and a chap named Ted. O’Toole being killed on April 2nd at Mozelle, in France:

The weather brightened up considerably now, although snow fell in April. I have never seen trees shoot out so remarkably quick, as I did in England. It seemed more like a transformation scene in a pantomime.
Big towns such as Bristol, Bath, Warminster, Bournemouth, were all within reach of Codford per motor, and in company with other men we spent a happy time together. One could scarcely believe his eyes, nature being decked out in such beautiful garb.

The trees looked just a picture, all nature was so green, so different to the parched up country in Australia in the summer. A very pretty little village, Bishop Fontill by name, was a veritable eyepicture, the beautiful estate of a wealth man, it was the visiting place of many soldiers.

[Page 35]
A very pretty little village, Bishop Clifford lay nestled in the valley within the estate. I understood Dickens more each day in my sojourn in England!

Codford looked quite a different town now, since when we first knew it in the dead of winter. Codford was well supplied with its Y.M.CA hut, huts of other denominations, and plentiful shops, although small. Codford also boasted a couple of picture shows, one combined with a vaudeville show, Albany Ward had scores of these entertainments all over the Plains(added in pencil) Albany ward – one of the early cinema circuits?in the UK

Codford was also the head quarters of the New Zealand and several British R.F.A. head quarters.

On June 28th 1917 I had a further two days to London, I had the opportunity to see London under more favourable circumstances The parks and its environs were glorious to behold, Hyde park, Green Park, Kensington Gardens and others looked grand.

The tubes in London are a revelation to a newcomer, likewise the manner of controlling the ceaseless traffic.

[Page 36]
A London policeman is a real live policeman, he is full of information, not a single question I put to him, did he fail to answer, which proved to be correct in every case!

The endless traffic of buses and other vehicles is a revelation to one unaccustomed to such a city. London is certainly cosmopolitan to the fullest extent, from the beggar to the aristocrat and royalty to be seen at all times of the day in London. The twilight in England was a new pleasure.

I renewed my acquaintances in the way of visiting my old friends such as the Abbey, the Tower and numerous other places. London is certainly a mighty interesting city. I like Temple Thursston’s book "The Garden of Resurrection" very much. his description of winter time in London is very fine.

Not feeling too much well on the next day I paid a visit to Millbank hospital

[Page 37]
a large military hospital in Westminster. Here I remained till the 11th July.

New occurrences happened during my time at Millbank. A German airraid occurred on the 7th one Saturday morning about 9.30. They looked very dangerous for a time, they were finally driven off not before there was loss of life and considerable damage done to private property. It was a most awe-inspiring sight to see these mongrels in the shape of Germans above London Most of the damage occurred in the East End of London, where the poorer class of person live.

On the 8th July I had a pleasant trip up the Thames, as far as Kew gardens, we had afternoon tea here, and spent a most happy time, the weather was glorious.

At midnight, I left Paddington station for Codford again, we reached Swindon, a large manufacturing centre, about 3 in the morning. I had a further wait of a couple of hrs till

[Page 38]
5 in the morning, we reached Codford about eight. I spent another month at Codford.

On Aug 5th 1917 (Sunday) we left Codford for France. Leaving Codford about 11 at night, we proceeded to Folkestone (on the coast) we reached this place at 5.30 in the morning. A mile’s march brought us to the barracks (once fine residential flats in peace time). Having reached these, we had breakfast and had a little rest.

Dinner completed, we formed up and marched along the promenade of Folkestone towards the quay. Regiments, English, Scottish and others were in the march. It was a Bank holiday in Folkestone, a fine fashionable crowd was there enjoying themselves.

We finally reached the quay, in an hour’s time, we had set sail for France. The day was particularly fine and

[Page 39]
the trip across occupied 2½ hrs. The airship, which escorted us, was interesting, its movements were very birdlike. Large destroyers and other craft also helped us to defeat the "Hun" A fine smoke screen was produced to hide us from view.

We sailed into the French port of Boulogne about 5, Boulogne is a very fine town of a very big size. The wireless station looked particularly striking.

Having disembarked, we were besieged by numerous fruit vendors and post card sellers of every description. They did a roaring trade, even if they did charge a franc (10d) for 9 plums.

We marched through the outskirts of the town, it was here, that I first learned a little of the French lingo, such as "Bonsoir Monsieur" etc.

We proceeded to Blanket camp, as it is called, we spent the night here, the guns were very audible here. We left this camp in the morning and

[Page 40]
proceeded to Boulogne again for the purpose of embarking for the front.

We marched through the better part of this city this time, the French people giving us the "glad hand" and "eye too" at times, but we were on the march! We reached Boulogne Station about 1, and entrained in "nice comfortable cattle trucks", forty in each!

The day was hot and oppressive, but we all had good spirits, so who cared, even if a cobber did put his feet on one’s shoulder to rest them like! We could see little of the passing scenery.

We came to a stop next morning (Aug 8th 1917) at Harfleur. Tired and hungry, we proceeded to the Base Camp, Havre to prepare ourselves for our little encounter with dear old Fritz.

On Aug 11th 1917 I paid a visit to Havre, electric cars take about three quarters of an hour to reach the main portion of this town. The electric cars were manned

[Page 41]
by woman. I enjoyed myself immensely at this place.

Montivilliers is another big town near Havre, we had a route march to this place one day.

After spending a good time at the Base we left this place on Aug. 22nd 1917 for some then unknown destination. We left by train about 11. o’clock at night and found ourselves at Rouen the next morning We marched along the banks of the Seine to a rest camp. We remained here till 3. o’clock in the afternoon, after having attended to "little Mary’s wants" Seine Rouen is a fine big town and is very pleasing to behold.

We left by train at 3. o’clock on Aug 23rd 1917 for a new destination We had good comfortable carriages this time, plenty of room in ours.

We found ourselves at Etaples the next morning, the train stayed here awhile

[Page 42]
and proceeded on her long trip, also ours! The scenery on the trip was very good; one thing I noticed was the absence of men officials on the railway, in nearly every case a woman served in that capacity.

We reached Calais about 1 o’clock. I know we were going a round about way to our final destination. The war traffic was the cause of this. All the peace time running of trains was considerably altered.

We travelled al that afternoon till 7 that evening. We finally reached Bailleul, (alas now in crumbling ruins!) Here we disentrained, and having had rations served out to us, we proceeded to a transport camp, about a mile distant. The streets of Bailleul was dotted with "Aussies" out on leave from their billets. Bailleul was considerably knocked about then.

[Page 43]
Houses here and there were in complete ruins!

In due course, we reached this camp, We had a drink of tea served out to us and on we went again. Another four miles brought us to a transport camp. (Our camp the 50th)

We (most of us) for the first time saw shell fire in the distance, the thunder of guns and the flashes did not look very home-like! They were some dozen miles off I suppose judging by the flashes.

We stayed the night at this camp, and next morning, the officer in charge of the camp, formed us up into respective companies A. B. C. & D. We had the option of getting into any of the said Coys.

At nightfall, we proceeded to go up towards our line. Our battalion was in the line towards Warneton (near Ypres). About 8 miles was in front of us. Destruction was paramount in every direction!

We passed a place, known as Red Lodge, we

[Page 44]
exchanged greetings with some "digs" here. We finally reached a point known as Prowse Point, some two miles from the support lines

We spent the night in a fairly big dugout here (Aug 25th 1917) We remained here all next day and at nightfall we proceeded on our way up to the line to join our new comrades in the 50th Battalion I had joined up A Coy.

The night was pitch dark, the whistle of shells overhead and some falling close at hand, did not seem very peaceful. Where did that one go to Bill ’Erbie? was a real question, one asked, not in playful mood either! We did get there eventually, through the mud and slush we spent the hell of a night listening to the whining of shells overhead.

We remained in the support lines till Aug. 31st 1917

[Page 45]
We were relieved by a regiment of Tommies on that night.

Another 5 miles of hard going and we were comparatively safe again We stayed the night at a camp, known as Wheal Camp. We did look pretty objects the next morning with the slush & mud!

In the afternoon, we had orders to be ready to move off from our camp at 1.30. We embarked in motor buses to a "new home" or billets This was Sept 1st 1917.

Passing through Bailleul again, we passed through more or less large towns, until we finally came to a dead stop; a mile or two from Hazelbroach We were billeted in a farm house, about 50 of us occupying a hay shed.

We had a church parade the next day, the sights of the countryside were all unfamiliar to us (the new ones who had joined up)

[Page 46]
I saw for the first time in France, the old fashioned windmill, with its enormous wings, I discovered afterwards, that it was in reality a flour mill, quite a novel affair. A large number of these peculiar windmills together makes it a curious and interesting sight.

The peasants in France do not treat their dogs like pets, not exactly; they are pet and worker combined!. To see a number of these large dogs of a shaggy nature harnessed up to a queer liliputian kind of rough waggon, containing the French peasant is novel.

Another queer sight I saw was a large rough dog standing in the rim of a large revolving wheel, propelled by the dog itself. As the dog propelled this wheel by "his feet" movements, the wheel slowly turned, that wheel was a part of the machinery of a churning implement.

The French farmers do not prepare their land as the farmers in Australia do, their methods are ancient & of a crude nature Their fields are small, it is a common sight

[Page 47]
to see a farmer coming home from the fields with a small load of hay, sitting "postilion style" on the horses’ back, while his wife & daughters are on the top of the load of hay.

Fritz used to make his appearance over Hazelbroach fairly often, he paid this town a visit, on a couple of nights we were in this small village; a couple of miles away. A couple of his "planes" were caught in the flare of the numerous searchlights of the Allies, they looked like butterflies in the flame of a candle.

On Sept 4th 1917, we left these billets and proceeded in motor lorries to new billets. Rumour said we were going to a town a long way from the line. This proved to be the case.

After travelling all day, we finally reached a small town or village named Lugy. This was a very small place. But anyhow it was safe! Only when the gunfire was very severe in the line, did we hear faint echoes All the 4th Division were round about these parts. We had a fairly easy time at Lugy

[Page 48]
Our battalion reorganised again, I was picked out for the "suicide club", viz machine gunners.

Fruges was a fairly big town, a couple of kilometres away, I often paid a visit to this place. Peasant women used to do a roaring trade with their wares; chocolates, fruits and all manner of stuff. We soon got accustomed to the French system of coinage.

We were not at this place "spelling" without a purpose! In conjunction with the other battalions of the 4th Division, we carried out make believe "hop-overs" and attacks supported by an imaginary artillery barrage.

I grew friendly with some fine French people at Lugy, I picked up their "lingo" rather well.

Large turnip, sweed, parsnip and other manners of vegetable were grown in large fields round about Lugy. But no fences lined these fields. All these farms used to were owned by people, who lived a good distance from them

[Page 49]
French bread is very palatable, when fresh, but when a day old, "no bon" for mine! Ham and eggs, chipped potatoes seemed to be the favourite dish served up to us in the cafes in Fruges and on the farms round about Lugy.

I have seen old women, quite 70 working in the fields round about Fruges.

The colouring of the leaves of trees were distinctly alluring, likewise the apples, which grew in the orchard next to our billet, the estaminet!

After spending quite a pleasant time at Lugy for nearly three weeks, we left for the front again Motor lorries again conveyed us. It was Sept 20th 1917 when we left Lugy. We spent the best part of the day in these motors, passing through big towns such as St-Homer, Steenvoorde etc We halted at a place, about 3 kilos from the Belgian frontier.

We stayed the night in the same style of farm house, where there were numberless pigs and rabbits! In company with 11 others, I spent this night

[Page 50]
in a tent.

We left again on Sept. 21st 1917, we had a 3 Kilo march to the motor-lorries. Hop fields grew in profusion just round this area and particularly well they looked too!

We left by motor lorry about 7 and travelling till about 1 in the morning, we came to a halt to at a place, called Belgian Chateau. We passed innumerable war traffic on our journey, all seemed to be intent on reaching the line, a big push must be on the cards, it was too!

Fritz had been doing his dirty work, in the shape of "laying his eggs" on defenceless towns. He was right above us in one sector, about "a mile up" I should guess. All manner of anti-aircraft guns and its helpers, the machine guns, had a cut at him, but he flew unharmed away.

Leaving the motor lorries, we had a short march, we bivouaced on shell torn ground for the night. A very big allied-gun troubled us a treat:

[Page 51]
We strafed it soundly in our curses!

All manner of buildings were totally wrecked by Fritz’s gun-fire. We had a grand wash with the aid of "nice clean shell hole water"!

We stayed there the day, cleaning our rifles and fixing our gear preparatory to moving towards the line.

Good news! A fine load of mail arrived from the transports! Letters were eagerly read everywhere, I received 9 from loved ones! Letters were the best tonic one could have, before going up to strafe Fritz or he doing it to us!

At 4 o’clock in the morning of Sept 23rd 1917, we had a very hurried breakfast and departed a few minutes after. It was pitch dark then!

Ypres was our objective, we reached this much shattered town, just as dawn was breaking.

Such damage, it was cruel to witness! The cobbled stones on the roads over which we marched, were like sharp

[Page 52]
needles by the time we finished our march.

We retired to improvised dugouts, erected in the base of ruined chateaux, churches etc. We were dead tired, and most of us were soon in dreamland!

I wandered round to see what was left of the once wondrous ‘Cloth Hall, a whizz-bang closely passed over my head, I thought discretion the best part of valour, so, returned to "my little grey home in the West".

We left Ypres about 6 in the evening for the line. After several vicissitudes on our journey, we finally reached the support lines. We sustained several casualties on our way to the line. Our trenches were very shallow, we had to set to and build them up. Fritz gave us a lively hour. Thanks to providence, the most damage I sustained was a large dint in my "steel lid"

Early next morning, just at dawn, Fritz gave us a fine bombardment for two hours, his morning strafe!

[Page 53]
All one could see was smoke, the air was heavy with it! Our batteries replied as soon as Fritz finished, and they gave him good interest too for his strafe.

For the next two days, we lay like rabbits, afraid to move, in case Fritz’s sausages saw us. On the evening of 25th Sept. 1917. Fritz put over another huge bombardment, poor old Jack Menz (in pencil_ John menz 50th Battalion Infantry) and two other pals were killed outright by a shell a few yards away from me.

We had whispered orders from the C.O. of our company, that we were going to do the "hop" on the morning of 26th Sept 1917. About 1. o’clock on the morning of the said date, we climbed over the parapet and stealthily crept towards No Man’s land. Fritz was putting up innumerable flares providing quite a firework display for our benefit We had to stay stock still, till that flare died away, then we continued

[Page 54]
our journey over barbed wired entanglements etc. We reached the "jumping off tape" an hour after starting.

We slept, most of us did, till the first notes of our barrage, announced that the attack on Fritz’s trenches had begun in earnest. That barrage opened at 10 minutes to six. We slowly advanced under the creeping barrage of our guns.

The nonchalance of most of the Australians was remarkable, yes I saw one Aussy showing another a certain card trick while advancing!

Our duty in our section consisted mopping up, that is seeing, if there were any Fritzses in the shell torn dugouts remaining in hiding. We had an easy task. They were all dead by the terrible raking of our barrage!

About 700 prisoners came running in on my left, they had had enough of La guerre"! They looked miserable objects too!

We finally reached our objective, about

[Page 55]
2000 yards distant from "the jumping off tape". We hastily dug in; the 49 and 52nd Battalions leaped-frogged us, their objective lay ahead of us. Scottish troops were on our left. That push was on an eight mile frontage. I think it proved a big success too!

While digging in, our barrage still continued, a German aeroplane came over our sector and after hastily getting our whereabouts, hastily retired to its batteries. Machine gun fire was very strong against us now, also a battery reply. We had a good number of casualties at this period.

We remained till the whole day improving our new position, and consolidating it, Fritz giving us particular hell at times, but he did not give us a counter attack, we expected it though!

About 7 o’clock that night, Sept 26th 1917 we retired from these trenches and went back to the old trenches, we had vacated

[Page 56]
We stayed here the whole of the next day, Sept 27th 1917, in the evening Fritz put over a terrible raking artillery barrage. He was out for a counter attack!

Our S.O.S.s’ were busy, our aeroplanes did good observance work and they correctly reported to our batteries. The Germans were hastily sending up their reinforcements in motor lorries, but our reply in the way of shell fire proved their masters.

We left these trenches about an hour after, we were soon forgetting our hardships, innumerable batteries a long way from the support lines were barking incessantly.

We reached a pt. near Hell Fire Corner, as it was named, half way to the ruined town of Ypres. The Y.M. had its usual consignment of hot cocoa & biscuits ready for us It was very welcome too! Added with hot stew etc, it was a veritable bean feast!

Poor Tom Pritchard was killed that night near the Y.MCA dugout.

[Page 57]
He was killed alongside his pals. It was a brilliant moonlight night

Fritz gave us a few souvenirs in the way of shells. We somewhat ungracefully retired to our deep dugouts. We stayed in these homes till the 30th Sept 1917 (Sunday)

Leaving in batches, we finally reached Ypres a couple of hours after. We passed through Ypres and finally reached Halifax Camp, a rest camp some four miles from Ypres. We had a welcome bath the next day at divisional headquarters. We needed it too!

On Oct 1st 1917 we left this camp, in motor lorries, for new billets. We finally reached Steenvorde, (Belgium) A two kilometre march brought us to our new billets, some 2 miles from a fairly large Belgian town, Watou. We had the usual style of billet, haysheds.

The weather is now biting cold. I often went into Watou, with the aid of

[Page 58]
a few francs, one could obtain good cheer in the way of biscuits, fruit etc. The beautiful worked silk postcards were very fine in Watou.

We were not destined to stay long here. On Sunday Oct 7th 1917, a big regiment of Indians passed through this small village. They looked particularly well, did these Indians, they seemed to have Indian leaders too!

One appreciated these farm houses, even if it was just a French farm house with pigs living next door (a few inches from your head).

On Oct 10th 1917 we were on the move again. We were busy getting our gear ready for the line again. We left our billets for the line in a drenching shower: We were fairly well soaked by the time we reached Abeele, a fairly big French town.

A transport train conveyed us to Ypres, by the way, Dame Rumour said this was the first time a troop train had run for three years.

[Page 59]
We reached Ypres an hour after. We disentrained here and made our way among the ruined buildings of Ypres again. We stayed here till nightfall.

Two or three of (B Coy) 50th Battalion had a narrow shave, a bomb buried in the ground, near which a fire was burning set the thing flying into fragments These chaps got a piece as a souvenir of the Great War (1914-1918)!

We left Ypres for the line again and after chequered experience with the mud etc, we did get there eventually. The distance must have been 8 miles. Luckily duckboards helped us a bit also Fritz’s shells in the way of light!

We spent a hell of a night amidst the mud of our new homes, the trenches, What with shells of every calibre thrust upon us, gas and the discomfort of the eternal "chats", oh it was a life! Still here I am today, well out of it!

We had more casualties than the 26th Sept 1917 stunt. The gas was the worst. We spent ten days in this sector of the

[Page 60]
front, doing 5 days front line, and 5 in support. His gas attack lasted 6 hrs one night.

On the 19th Oct 1917 we left the line and proceeded to Ypres again, we arrived at Ypres somewhere near 12 at night. We had beautifully furnished dugouts oh they were nice! I am sure land agents would be crazy with them! They were the reverse. Amid stinking water and mud, we living amid these ruined buildings till the 21st October 1917

We left about 1. o’clock. The roads were simply packed with men and transports on their way up the line. Fritz used to send his long range shells into this town and do a little damage! I saw him knock a train and its trucks sky-high or nearly as high one day.

We finally reached "Cornwall Camp" another rest camp, about four miles distant from Ypres

[Page 61]
Today is the 23rd Oct 1917, just a year since I said goodbye to my loved ones and I am still whole!

We stayed at Cornwall Camp till the 25th Oct 1917. I went to a picture show a couple of miles away last night and saw Chaplin in "Shanghaied" Quite a welcome change!

At 4.30 on the morning of the 25th Oct 1917 we left our camp and proceeded to Brandhoek Station The wind was biting cold! We were on the move again, no one seemed to know where!

About 9.30 we entrained and finally reached Arques about 2 in the afternoon There we were motored in lorries to a new town and it was Lugy again! I renewed my acquaintance with my old French friends again! They were pleased to see me again!

Winter seemed to have set in properly although we had no snow yet!

I received 40 francs today (27th Oct 1917) had a gay old time in Fruges.

[Page 62]
We all it did I think!

No one seemed to know our future movement, Rumour gave it out that we were out of the line for a four months spell, not the 4th Divy’s bleeding luck!

The leaves were falling fast at this time of the year, they were indeed beautiful to behold.

We did not do extra much drill, while here, about 4½ hrs daily.

The Y.M.CA have erected a marquee and supplied it with Aussy papers etc A canteen is now established right against our billets. Things are not too bad!

Nov 1st 1917 is known as "All Saints Day" in France. The bell across the way has been ringing continuously Large numbers of people have been going to and fro to service. It is some day!

I went to Vinelay today, a small hamlet about 3 miles from Lugy.

A terrible bombardment must be going on on the front, we have heard

[Page 63]
continuous distant rumbling, combined with gun flashes!

We stayed at Lugy till the 12th Nov 1917 We moved off about 1.30 loaded up in camel fashion.

A 7 Kilos march brought us to a town named Laires. We billeted here. About 20 of our Coy are billeted in a small barn about 9 yards square, the pigs are next door to us, grunting a treat!

We had a further route march from Laires (in pencil)Lechin- prob Flechin? to Lechin and back next day.

On 16th Nov. 1917 we had commenced a long route march. We proceeded to a place named Russenaville on the 16th Nov 1917. We were camped in a fine old chateau, (at least our officers were) we had to be content with the hayshed, still it was more welcome than the muddy trenches

We received a big mail from Australia at this place, I did not get any, was disappointed, but a surprise was in store for us me.

[Page 64]
We left this billet on the 17th Nov 1917 and marched to Gambercourt, about 6 miles stayed here the night. On the 18th 1917 we left again about 8 in the morning, reaching Tortefontaine about 1.30 in the afternoon A fine pretty little town!

We stayed all next day, we had a day’s spell to relieve the monotony of route marching. We left Tortefontaine on the 20th Nov 1917, and reached Fontaine-S. Mayne about three hours after. We passed through several very interesting little villages on our way to Fontaine-S. May

On 21st Nov 1917 we left again, per boot, reaching Hautevilliers a little after On 22nd Mov. 1917 we left Hautevillies and on our march crossed a part of the beautiful Somme canal! We reached Franleu the same day

On 23rd Nov 1917 we left Franleu and arrived at our final resting place Mezieles about 2 in the afternoon. This is where, we were supposed to have 100 days spell, but it proved to be a myth.

[Page 65]
I received 50 letters on our long march. The march seemed much lighter! The weather was very chilly at this period We had a church parade in front of a fine chateau the next day. We are having a fine time in a way at Mezieles, if it only lasts.

On the 28th Nov 1917 I visited Eu, about 6 miles distant from Mezieles. Eu was a fine type of town, its cathedral was particularly fine

I went to Trieport,(in pencil-Trieport a resort) on the coast per electric tram later and was more interested in this place. The canals running into the streets was economical to my way of thinking. I wandered round the cliffs and on the beach, had a ride on a queer type of railway running to the top of the cliffs from the base, a distance of about 75 yards. I had a rattling dinner at Trieport! I spent a fine day here!

We had a route march next day Nov 29th 1917, it did not seem so

[Page 66]
pleasant! The scenery of the valleys about here is magnificent.

No we were not destined to stay here! On Dec 4th, 1917 we had news from the front, that Fritz had pushed at Cambrai. We had to go up to that sector at once.

On Dec 6th 1917, we marched to Eu, entrained about 4 and left an hour after. We travelled in that lovely "dog box" till 2 the next morning We passed through Amiens on our way.

We disentrained at Peronne, we marched through this partially destroyed town and after doing 12 miles, passing Indian and Chinese labour corps on our way, we reached Bazencourt We are in the sound of the big guns again

(Dec 8th 1917) we are expecting another move again. We did move too! On Sunday we left this camp behind the lines and after trudging for 3 hrs reached a village or (town) named Temple-La-Fosse. We passed through

[Page 67]
large numbers of ruined towns and villages, and once beautiful churches in crumbling ruins. It would take a clever pen to aptly describe the terrible ruination I saw

We reached our new camp about 1. (afternoon). We had fine falls of snow at this period, the earth or ground looked like a fairyland We did a few fatigues at this camp, drill filling in the rest of the time. Evidently we were not going up to the line as yet! But we were ready for any emergency!

Today the 12th Dec 1917, one of our aeroplanes near this camp was brought down by shell fire. It is still snowing hard!

Today the 16th Dec 1917 we had a church parade "in the field".

We left this camp today (19th Dec 1917) for Moislans to relieve the 4th Brigade a distance of about 3 miles The roads were as slippery as glass after the snow, it took one all their time to keep their footing.

[Page 68]
We arrived here in due course, We are doing fatigues here again. The 13th Brigade are encamped here. The camp is dotted everywhere with wooden huts

We celebrated Christmas Day here, we had a special service in one of the Huts, conducted by the padre of the Brigade. We spent the day in the happiest possible way, the Xmas cheer was very acceptable. It was bright moonlight tonight, (the 25th), the scenes were very striking.

The allies had the satisfaction of bringing down a "Fritzser" aeroplane on New Year’s Day.

We remained at Moislans until the 9th January.

We left this place in a snowstorm, after a 5½ mile march we reached Peronne. We reached here about 5.30. (evening) We entrained again, leaving at 7 in the usual type of "dog-box" The night was bitterly cold, we snuggled close together

We arrived at Bailleul about 11.30 next morning. (Jan 10th 1918)

[Page 69]
The old Y.M. was there with their welcome cocoa.

We started off again and proceeded through Bailleul towards Strazelle, a small village about 6 miles away. We remained here the next day (the 11th Jan 1918)

On the morning of Jan 12th 1918 we left Strazelle and made our way to the station. We entrained in carriages this time! After spending three Quarters of an hour in the train, we detrained and marched to Lutnants to a place called Confusion Corner. We stayed at this little camp a week.

On the 19th January 1918, we left this camp for the Messines front, a distance of about 4 miles.

We arrived at Hill 60, here we retired to the wonderful dugouts, constructed by the Army tunnellers They were indeed wonderful, one could walk a very long way within them and best of all, they were shell-proof. A few often thundered on the top, but

[Page 70]
who cared, as long as they did not penetrate the interior

We were kept there as a reserve. There were about 100 of us. The rest of the battalion went into the support and front lines, some 3 miles off We did a few fatigues up to the line at night, it was a pretty quiet front and there is not much to say about it.

On the 24th Jan 1918, this reserve left Hill 60 and we joined our mates in the line A & C Coys relieved B & D from the front line, the indescribable mud was the worst trouble.

We spent 5 days in the front line or line of trench holes one might say The front line on this sector was just a series of outposts. We manned these posts with machine guns, some with riflemen We had a quiet time, an occasional shell would lob near us at times

On the 29th Jan 1918, we were relieved from the line, the 49th taking our places! We retired back to Spoil Bank, another series of huge dugouts, lit with electric light!

[Page 71]
We stayed here till the 6th February, when our machine gun section, under a corporal proceeded to a British battery. We set up our machine gun on a gun stand here!

On the 8th Feb, 1918 we left Spoil Bank in a light railway and that train conveyed us to Ridgwood Camp, a distance of about 5 miles Ridgwood was quite a decent little camp, a little YMCA hut and a salvation army giving us good cheer in the way of cocoa and biscuits

Quite close to this camp is a cemetery, where hundreds of men have laid to rest.

We go up to Spoil Bank nearly every day on fatigues per train.

We left Ridgwood camp on the 28th Feb 1918 and marched through Kemmel to a small camp at the foot of Mt Kemmel The countryside about here is rather pretty, the old fashioned windmills on the hills to our left are novel

Loire is a tidy little village about 2 miles away and tonight 28th Feb 1918 I paid it a

[Page 72]
visit There was an excellent divisional concert in progress in the theatre here. Loere is a characteristic of all types of French or Belgian towns.

I went to a Ch cinema show tonight 29th Feb 1918, I saw Charles Chaplin n his famous picture "In a Bank", also saw Sir Herbert Tree in "Old folks at home".

The weather is still very cold, we had a slight fall of snow today (March 2nd 1918) (March 3rd 1918) is still very cold, we marched to Loere this morning, it was a Brigade affair, one platoon from each company of each battalion of the 13th Brigade being represented. General Birdwood was present, he presented the medals won by the brigade He made a fine speech, this affair was the forerunner to a church service.

We are hearing very heavy bombardments on the Ypres salient

I walked to Dranoutre tonight (7th March 1918)

On Saturday (9/3/18) A Coy of the 50th Battalion left this camp, we proceeded to Lindenhock, about 4 miles distant

[Page 73]
We remained in the camp at Lindenhock till the 16th inst viz March We did fatigues up the line from this camp. We used to be conveyed in motor lorries to Spoil Bank each morning at 8.

Poor old Folo (of 6/50) was killed on the 12th March, Lieut. Cheney was struck by the same shell (he died at Bailleul in the evening (He was buried at that place so I was told. We buried Folo at Spoil Bank the next day (13/3/18) about 300 of us attended his funeral.

We returned back to our camp at Kemmel on the 16th/3/18. We had a church parade next day (17/3/18) in the old cinema hall (near the camp) It was very impressive too! I spent the rest of the day (17/3/18) in the Y. Emma writing home.

We remained at Kemmel camp until the 24th/3/18 We had heard all about Fritzse’s last big push On the evening of the 24th/3/18 things were

[Page 74]
ready to leave this camp again.

We had a very early breakfast the next morning (25/3/18) about 2 A.M. The machine gunners of A Coy left this camp before the rest. We marched to Loere, here the whole of the 4th division were conveyed in motor lorries to a new "home".

We passed through large numbers of French towns on our journey such as Hazelbroach, St Pol, Lillers; a good number were deserted by its inhabitants

After a tedious journey, we finally reached Gouy at 5.30 on the evening of 25/3/18 Gouy was an interesting little town, on the 26/3/18 we had an inspection of rifles etc, we were wanted to go up to the line any time, so we were not allowed to leave our billets on any consideration We had a false alarm just at dinner time, we moved out into an open field to await further orders, but nothing eventuated.

At 9 o’clock in the night of 26/3/18 we moved out of our billets and proceeded towards the line.

[Page 75]
The moon was at the full, the moonlight was brilliant We were in high spirits for the first hour or so, but as we trudged on hour after hour, our spirits faded away. We finally rested in a field next morning about 7.30. (27/3/18)

All the villages were smashed up considerably and wholly deserted by its inhabitants Numberless French & Belgian refugees were seen on the road throughout the night and morning. We looked a sorry and tired lot this morning (27/3/18) Goats, dogs and even cows, deserted by their owners, joined in the march. This field did not seem too healthy, a stray shell or two were landing about 700 yards away!

At length we moved on again, we met many refugees as before, all leaving their homes to Fritzse’s mercy.

We did not expect to go into the line that night, but we did! We dug in near a village, we were in part of it, Fritz was giving this village

[Page 76]
particular hell, so we shared in the spoil likewise! I don’t think we had any casualties!

On 28/3/18 we were still here. We can see Albert from here. The hanging "Madman" is plainly visible Albert looks to be in flames.

Private Vapp (10/50) one of our company machine gunners, shot himself this morning accidently. He received a good Blighty" for Good Friday!

Tonight (30/3/18) we moved from these trenches and had a "nice" 2 mile march through another town. We took up another position, about 3 miles from our original position. We are living sumptuously, ten to a loaf of bread! Food is very scarce just now.

Things are quiet today (31/3/18) I read a few chapters from Marcus Aurelius" in my little dugout. I tried to forget there was a war on!

We moved into an aerodrome hangar tonight (2/4/18), better than trenches

On the evening of April 3rd 1919 we moved

[Page 77]
out of the "hangar" again and renewed our acquaintance with the trenches

Today Friday April 5th 1918, Fritz opened up with a terrible bombardment, he gave support, front lines and all back areas particular hell! He had a fine natural screen, viz a heavy fog to help him. One of our Companies (D) had over 60 casualties (12 killed). A shell landed right onto the hangar, they happened to be resting within. It sadly depleted D Coy

On (5/3/18) we left the trenches and made our way towards the line. We rested in a terrible muddy trench till the early morning of the 6/3/18.

The 50th Battalion moved up to the support lines not far from Beurre. We stayed here till 7 that night (6/3/18) Fritz put over a strong barrage late in the afternoon. I had some close calls, that was all!

We left the support lines that night in a drenching rain.

[Page 78]
After much struggling amidst the mud and slush, we finally reached the front lines at Beurre. Fritz was throwing his fireworks about He was only 500 yards away, in some places closer. We had to sneak to these trenches very stealthily.

We were relieved tonight (7/3/18) by the (27th Battalion S A) We left these trenches about 12 that night. We marched or struggled along the Albert-Amiens Road, a distance of about 7 miles.

We rested on the way two or three times. A terrible bombardment was going on on the French front, some few miles away. Fresh shell holes on our track did not extra nice, still we had hopes of getting out alive! We came to a halt by a glade of trees and here tired and hungry we were lying flat out.

[Page 79]
It was not quite dusk dawn when we landed here. We did look nice clean boys! My overcoat weighed about 200 lbs

We stayed here and breakfasted and moved off again about 3 in the afternoon A five mile march brought us to Corbie, a French town of a good size, wholly deserted and much damaged by shell fire.

(April 9th 1918) I am sitting in an upstairs window, thinking of the Better ’Ole sketches Oh how true to life they are!

Today 10/4/18 we moved off to Foilliz, 2 miles distant. Here we billeted in quite a substantial French house. We set up housekeeping here! We had little to do here, we used to man a machine gun near the cross roads 4 hrs in four hour shifts each day Foilliz was similar to Corbie in terrible ruin, Fritz used to land his souvenirs about our billet at times

We spent a fine time in this billet, thanks to the fish, we bombed out of the river

[Page 80]
at the rear of our billet

Old Dezzy, (our battalion hard case) acted in the capacity of cook and he deserves the M.M. for his services

I received a good bundle of letters from home while here.

We left Foilliz on the 22nd April 1918 and proceeded to Dours. Dours was a biggish town, alas deserted by the people!

No one knew our movements now, not even the company "dag".

The main road in Dours is crossed by the Somme canal. Some "Tommy" Engineers were busy mending up a bridge, Fritz had seen fit to knock about.

On the 24th/4/18 we were awakened from sleep by a loud bursting of shells Fritz had opened up a barrage on Dours There were a number of batteries just in front of Dours. The drew the crabs! We got to a field at the "toot" Shells were landing all around our billets by

[Page 81]
this time.

After a temporary lull in the firing, we rushed our billets, got our gear and formed up into companies Our colonel has orders to proceed to Villiers-Bretonneux to support other regiments.

We left Dours about 1 o’clock and after passing through further ruined villages, we reached a wood. We then proceeded to go up towards the support line. We had nearly reached those support lines, when we received orders to retire back to where we came from.

After advancing about a mile back towards the wood again, we were just passing over a railway line and climbing the cutting, when a shell landed very close to me. I received severe wounds in my leg and arm

I was out of the war for good, I knew that. After receiving first aid treatment I was conveyed to another dressing Station. From here I went to the 47th C.C.S. (casualty

[Page 82]
clearing station)

I was operated on the next day. My leg was amputated, just above the knee! My war days were over for keeps!

From here I proceeded to Longpre by ambulance, here an hospital train conveyed me to Rouen. I remained at Rouen 12 days, I left Rouen on the 13th May 1918, after a further ride in an ambulance train to Havre, we embarked on an hospital boat.

We reached Southampton the next morning (14/5/18) at 9. o’clock From Southampton, we proceeded by hospital train to London. From Waterloo station, we were conveyed to St Thomas’s hospital, London. Here I remained till the 6th August 1918. I had the great pleasure of meeting many kind people, who could not do enough for me. I went to about every theatre in London and garden parties were frequent.

I left St Thomas’s on the 6th August 1918 and proceeded to Southall, an

[Page 83]
Australian hospital for Australians, who had lost their limbs. I had a pleasant time at Southall

I left Southall on the 15th Sept 1918 to proceed to Liverpool, thence to Australia. Fifty of us were on our way to Home sweet Home once again!

We left London at 9.30 in the morning and reached Liverpool at 5.30 (evening) We embarked the same night on our transport (The Arawa) there were 841 going home!

We set sail on the 17th September; on the day before we sailed, a big bunch of Yankees arrived from America to carry on the good work we were invalided from.

We had a strong escort with us, some dozen or so to keep the tin fish away! Our boat was cleverly camouflaged likewise were the destroyers etc Our friends the destroyers left us after 4 days, we only had 4 left with us

The weather increased in hotness as we moved towards the tropics

We were only left with a battle cruiser

[Page 84]
now (25/9/18)

On the evening of the 26/3/18 our old friend the cruiser said goodbye to us for ever. She was moving fairly slow, about 400 yards from us now. After great cheering being exchanged the band on board the cruiser played "Auld Lang Syne" and turned in a new direction, leaving all alone on the wide wide ocean.

We are still making our way towards Capetown. One of the sailors on board died last night (1/10/18). We buried the poor chap today. A lonely burial!

Albatrosses are still our close friends. Their graceful flying is simply marvellous. The sea was very choppy today.

About 7.30 this morning, Oct 12th 1918 land appeared about 10 miles away In a couple of hour’s time, we were sailing into Capetown, after 26 days at sea. We were destined for disappointment, no leave being granted! The influenza epidemic had proved disastrous to the people here.

[Page 85]
We stayed here till the 15th Oct 1918, we proceeded on our way to Durban. The epidemic was severe here too We were not allowed ashore here.

We coaled and watered for four days, the natives doing the work They used to amuse us by giving us a few selection of their dances (native) in their leisure moments.

Miss Campbell again provided good cheer for the boys, the Wesley hall people were very generous towards us, sending us all manner of good things. After three days sojourn at Durban, we left on the 22nd October 1918. As usual Miss Campbell was the last one to say goodbye to us.

I will always remember Miss Campbell, standing on the extreme edge of the jetty jutting into the sea, busily waving her flags. Who can ever forget her in her mission of love towards the Australian boys? Miss Campbell was lost to sight presently but not her kindnesses of hearts. That will live forever!

[Page 86]
We eventually reached Fremantle on the 6th Fremantle. The West boys disembarked here. We left the Golden West on the 7/11/18 Our ligh hearts were very light now; we were now so near home.

We received the wonderful news that the Armistice was signed on the 11 Nov 1918 We had a nice little service on the 12/11/1918 to commemorate this wonderful event! The dead were foremost in our thoughts!

On the 13th we were moving into the heads (Port Philip). We went right into the quarantine station, we spent three days in quarantine

Only 40 miles to go and we are in Melbourne! We reached Pt Melbourne on the 18th Nov 1918. A special train was awaiting us, to convey us to Adelaide We were feted like royalty on our overland trip to Adelaide

Only 5 mins to go and we will be in Adelaide Hurrah! Adelaide again after two years!

[Page 87]
I see my wife standing on the station awaiting me. That will do me!
My tale is told of my travels abroad
Hoping it has been of interest to all readers
Thank you.

[Transcriber’s notes:
Daours spelt Dours
Dranouter spelt Dranoutre
Fontaine sur Maye spelt Fontaine-S. Mayre or Fontaine-S. May
Fonthill Bishop spelt Bishop Fontill
Fouilly spelt Foilly
Hauteville spelt Hautevilliers or Hautevillies
Hazebrouck spelt Hazelbroach
Le Havre called Havre
Le Treport spelt Trieport
Moislains spelt Moislans
Moselle spelt Mozelle
Steenvoorde sometimes spelt Steenvorde
Strazeele spelt Strazelle
Templeux-La-Fosse spelt Temple-La-Fosse
E Temple Thurston (writer) referred to as Temple Thursston
Villers-Bretonneux spelt Villiers Bretonneux]
[Transcribed by Barbara Manchester and Betty Smith for the State Library of New South Wales]