Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales

James Cook - papers, 1768-1773, together with associated papers, ca.1775, 1830, 1901
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Cook Documents from the Australian Museum

Papers Relating To Captain James Cook

1a – Part of covering page to the Documents – p.1

1 – H.501 – Draft letter from Rear-Admiral Issac Smith to Mr. Hawke Locker. – pp.3-4
Ms copy of above – pp.5-7

2 – H.502 – Documents relating to Captain Cook’s observations of the Transit of Venus at Tahiti, June 3rd, 1769 – pp. 11-16
Ms copy of part of above – pp.18-19

3 – H.503 - Four leaves from journal of his first voyage – pp. 23-30
Notes on this by Professor E.E.Morris – p.31
Ms copy – pp. 33-47

4 – H. 504 – Rough Diary. First Voyage – pp. 51-63
Ms copy – pp. 65-99

5 – H. 505 – Letter to Governor of Batavia, 16th. October, 1770 - p103 Ms copy – p. 105

6 – H. 506 – Draft of Captain Cook’s letter to the Secretary of the Admiralty reporting the observations of the Transit of Venus, 3rd. June, 1769 and his voyage from Rio de Janeiro to Batavia, H.M.S. "Endeavour" 23rd October, 1770. – pp.109-113
Ms copy – pp. 115-121

7 - H.507 – Draft of similar letter of the above to the Royal Society – pp. 127
Ms copy – pp. 125-7

8 – H.508 – Letter to the Secretary of the Admiralty from Rio de Janeiro. – pp. 129-148
Ms copy pp. 149-167

9 – H. 509 – Letter to (?) from Rio de Janeiro, 30th November, 1788 – p.169
Ms copy – p.171

10 – H.510 – Rules to be observed for trading at Tahiti. – pp. 175-9
Ms copy – p. 181-7

11 – H.511. - Original song poem, in print, composed by Thomas Perry. – p. 189
Ms copy – p.191-3
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MS. 2 - Rough letter Book of Captain Cook – during his First Voyage
1768-1770

1. Notes of the Transit of Venus 3 Jun 1769

/ Containing draft Report of the Observation of the Transit of Venus/

3. Leaves from Journal of Second Voyage - Sept 1778

Admiral Smiths letter to Locker
Cook on Transit of Venus
4 leaves from Journal of 2nd Voyage
Rough Diary & Draft of Letter
Original poetry by Perry
March 1893

Rec’d from Chief Sects Office
7 March /93
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Keppis
Merton Abbey 8 Oct 1880

My dear Sir
I am sorry Mrs. Cook had not returned to Clapham when you favour’d her with a call on Wednesday last but she intends to do so next week to ask & desires me say that she has not in her possession any letter or even of a paper of any sort of her Husbands writing nor do I believe that there is now left a single paper with his signature in the House so many application having been made for it and as to any communication she now could make was much better made was when Dr Kippis wrote The Life as then Mr Banks, I Hugh Palliser & other of his Friends did make their utmost to select information on the matter & had several conferences with her on the Subject but she feels her self hurt by the Idea that the Captain was severe and says he was a most kind affectionate Husband & a good Father to his Children whom he dearly loved. & she always found fault with the Picture for that stern look. which it has. tho otherwise a good likeness. as for myself, that was with him the two first Voyages as a petty Officers Youngster I never thought his severe & when he was both Loved and properly Feared by the Ships Company & when he was very ill on the Second Voyage the first question Ask’d both by the Officers & Men on the relief of the Watch at Night was how does the Captain do is he better. but Capt Clarke & King

who have given their opinion of him is of much more consequence the & later than mine as I know it is is not having seen after the Year 1775:- the Publication you mention I hope will Equal you most sanguin Wishes & Mrs Cook thanks you for preference to you have given to her Deceased Husband. & hopes your Family are well. and I propose returning to Clapham with Mrs Cook for the Winter & am a great invalid from a severe illness
and am Dear Sir with respect
Yours most faithfully
I Smith

To
Edward Hawke Locker Esq.
Greenwich Hospital
Kent
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Documents relating to Captain Cooks Observations of the Transit of Venus at Tahiti on – 3 June 1769

M.S. of Captain Cook
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Computation for finding the longitude by Observations taken

[Table not transcribed]
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[Calculations]
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Computation for finding the Longitude by Observations taken

[table not transcribed]
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June 3 1769

Transit of Venus Sat. June 3 2nd

[Observations not transcribed]
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[Observations not transcribed]
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[Table not transcribed]
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June 3 1769
Transit of Venus Sat.d June 2

Time pn Clock
Hr mornings
21.50 – The first Visible appearance of Venus on the Suns Limb very faint and appear’d as in fig. 1: 8" or 10" after the Impression clear as in fig. 2 -

39. 20 First internal Contact or the Circumference of Venus Second to coinside with the Sun limb and appear’d as in fig.3

40. 20 A Very small thread of light seen below the Penumbra/ Fig. 4/ Uncertain to several Seconds

June 3rd
Evening
3.10.15 The thread of light wholy broke off by the Penumbra but judged that the Penumbra was in contact with the Suns Limb 6 or 8" [indecipherable] - as in Fig. 5

3.10. 47 Second internal contact or the circumference of Venus seemed to coinside with the Suns as in Fig.5 3

3.27.24 Second external Contact

3 . 28.4 The Penumbra off the sun – a little dubious

Note, it appear’d to me to be very difficult to judge precisly of the times that the first and second internal Contacts happen’d, by reason of the darkness of the Penumbra, about Venus’s external limb, it being there, nearly if not quite as dark as the body of the Planet. After the first Internal Contact This darkness of the Penumbra near the Suns limb, became Visible some time before the first Internal Contact, but, after that it gradually diminished and after the thread of light had been clearly Visible a Minute or more the Penumbra was of one uniform light Colour. In like manner a little before the 2nd internal Contact that part of the Penumbra next the Suns limb began to put on a dark Colour which gradually increased as it had before diminished, As the edge of the Penumbra approached near to that of the Sun, there appear’d to fall from it upon the limb of the
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19. C31 - H503

4. Leaves from Captain Cook’s Journal of his second Voyage.

Amsterdam Island
Sept. 1773

Fred Bennett
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H 503

Both men and Women are of a Common size with Europeans and their Colour is that of a lightish Copper and more uniformly so than the Inhabitants of Otaheite and the Society Islds –

Some of our gentlemen were of opinion these were a much handsomer race, other again Mentioned a contrary opinion of which number I was one, be it as it will, they have a good shape and regular features and are active brisk and lively; the Women in particular, who are the merriest creatures I ever met with, and will keep chattering by ones side without the least invitation, or consideration whether or no they are understood provided one does but seem pleased with them. In general they appeared to be modest, though there were no want of those of a different stamp, and as we had got some Venerial complaints on board, I took all possible care to prevent its being communicated to them. Upon most occasions they showed a strong propensity to pilfering in which they were full as expert as the Otaheitians –

Their hair in general is black, but more especially that of the Women, different Colours was found among the men some times on the same head, caused by something they put upon it which stains it white, Red and Blue. Both sex wear it short, I saw it two exceptions to this custom, and the most of them Combed it upwards. Many of the Boys had it cut quite close except a single lock on the top of the head and a small quantity on each side which was quite long. The men cut or shave their Beards quite
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quite close, an operation which is performed with two shells. They have fine eyes and in general good teeth, even to an advanced age. The Custom of Tattowing, or puncturing the skin prevails, the Men are Tattowed from the Middle of the thigh to above the hips, even their genetals genitals I am told do not escape. The Women have it only on their arms and fingers and then but very slightly.

The Dress of both Sex, consists of a piece of Cloth or Matting Draped round the Waist and hangs down below the knee, and from the waist upwards they are generally naked and it seemed to be a custom to anoint these parts every Morning, my friend Attago never failed to do it, but whether out of respect to his friend or from Custom, I will not pretend to say, but I rather think the latter as he was not the only one. Their ornaments are Amulets, Necklaces and bracelets made of Bone Shells and Beads of Mother of pearl, Tortise shell &c these are worn by both sex. The Women also wear on their fingers neat rings made of Tortise shell and pieces in their ears about the size of a small quill, but ear ornaments are not commonly worn, tho all have their ear’s pierced.

They have also a Curious apron made of the outside fibers of the Cocoanut shell and composed of a number of small pieces sewed together in such a manner as to form stars, half Moons, little Squares &c and studed with beads of shells and covered with red feathers, so as to have a pretty effect. –

They make the same kind of Cloth and of the same materials as at Otaheite, but they have not such
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a variety nor make they any so fine, but as they have a method of glazing it, it is more durable and will turn water for resist rain for some time which Otaheite cloth will not. Their Colours are black, brown, purple, yellow and red, and all made from Vegetables. They make various sorts of Matting, some of them and some of a very fine texture, this is generally used for cloothing and the thick and strong sort is used to sleep on and to make sails for their Canoes &c. Among other useful utentials they have various sorts of Baskets, some made of the same materials as their matts, others are made of the twisted fibers of Cocoanuts, these are not only durable but beautiful, being generally composed of different colours and studed with beads. They have many little Nick nacks amongst them, which shows that they neither want taste to design nor skill to execute whatever they take in hand – How these people amuse themselves in their idle hours I cannot say as we are but little acquainted with their Diversions, the Women have frequently entertained us with Songs in a manner which was agreeable enough, they accompany the music with snaping their fingers so as to keep exact time to it, not only their voices but their music also was very harmonious and they have a considerable compass in their notes.

I saw but two Musical Instruments are amongst them one was a large Flute made of a piece of bamboo, which they fill with their noses as at Otaheite ; but these have four holes or stops, whereas those of Otaheite have but two, the other was composed of 10 or 11 small Reeds of unequal lengths, bound together side by side as the
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Doric Pipe of the Ancients is described to have been done, the open ends of the reeds are of equal height or in a line into which they blow with their mouths. They have also a drum which without any sort of impropriety may be compared to a hollow log of wood, the one I saw was … feet … inches long and … inches in girth and had a slit in it from the one end to the other of about inch wide by means of which it had been hollowed out. They beat on the side of this log with two drum sticks and produce a hollow sound not quite so musical as the sound of an empty cask.

The common method of saluting one another is by touching or joining noses as is done in New Zealand and their sign of Peace to strangers, is the displaying a white flag, or flags, at least such were displayed to us when we first drew near the shore. But the people who came first on board brought with them some of the Pepper plant and sent it first into the ship, a stronger sign of friendship than this one could not wish for. From this unsuspicious manner of their coming on board and the manner they first received us on shore, I am of opinion they are seldom disturbed by either foreign or domistick troubles; they are however not unprovided with very formidable weapons such as Clubs and Spears made of hard wood also Bows and Arrows. The Clubs are from 3 to five feet in length and of various shapes as is represented in the plate. Their Bows and Arrows are but indifferent, the former being very slight and the latter only made of a light reed and pointed with hard wood. Some of their spears have
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many barbs and must be very dangerous weapons where they take effect. On the inside of the Bow is a groove in which is put the arrow from which it should seem that they use but one. By their having such offensive Weapons we must suppose them to have sometimes wars.

They have a singlar custom amongst them, in putting every thing you give them to their heads, by way of thanks, as we conjectured. This custom or manner of paying a compliment is thought them from their very infancy, for when we have given things to little children, their mother has lifted up the childs hand to its head. They also made use of this custom in their exchanges with us, whatever we gave them for their goods was always applied to the head, just the same as if it had been given them for nothing. Sometimes they would look at our goods and if not approved of return them back, but whenever they applied them to the head the bargin was infalliably struck. I have frequently seen, when I have made a present to the Chief of any thing curious, it has been handed from one to another, and every one into whose hands it came put it to the head. Very often the Women would take hold of my hand kiss it and lift it to their head. From all this it should seem that this custom which they call Fagafatic, has various significations according as it is applied, all however complimental.
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It must be observed that the sullen Chief or King did not pay me any of these compliments for the presents I made him. A still more singlar custom prevails in these isles. We observed that the greater part of the people both men and women had lost one or both their little fingers. We endeavoured but in vain, to find out the reason of this mutilation, for no one would take any pains to inform us. It was neither peculiar to rank, age or sex, nor is it done at any certain age, as I saw of all ages on which the amputation had been put just made and except some young children, we found few who had both hands perfect. As it was more common among the aged than the young, some of us were of opinion that it was occasioned by the death of their parents or some other near relation, but Mr Wales one day met with a man, with both hands perfect of such an advanced age, but it was hardly possible his parents could be living. They also burn or make incisions in their cheeks near their cheek bone. The reason of this was equally unknown to us. In some of the wounds were quite fresh in others it could only be know by the scar or colour of the skin. I saw neither sick nor lame amongst them. All appeared healthy strong and vigorous a proof of the goodness of the Climate in which they live.

I have frequently mentioned a King, which implies the Government being in a single person without knowing for certain wheather it is so or not. We were however told
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Such a one was however pointed out to us and we had no reason to doubt it. From this and other circumstances I am of opinion that the Government is much like that of Otahiete that is in a King or great Chief who is here called Areeki, with other Chiefs under him, who are Lords of certain districts and perhaps sole proprietors, to whom the people seem to pay great obedience. I also observed a third rank who had not a little authority over the common people, my friend Attago was one of these. I am of opinion that all the Land on Tongatabu is private property and that there were here as at Otahiete a set of people who are servants or slaves and have no property in land. It is impossible we can suppose every thing to be in common in a country so highly cultivated as this; Intrest is the great spring which animates the hand of industry, few would toil themselves in cultivating and planting the land if they did not expect to reap the fruits of their labour, was it otherwise the industerous man would be in a worse state than the idle sluggard. I have frequently seen parties of six, eight or ten people bring down to the landing place, fruit and other things to dispose of where one person, a man or a woman, has superintended the sale of the whole; no exchange was made but with his or her consent and whatever we gave in exchange was always given them, which I think
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plainly shewed they were the owners of the goods and the others no more than their servants. Benevolent nature has undoubtedly been very bountiful to these isles, nevertheless the inhabitants it cannot be said that the Inhabitants are whole exempt from the curse of our Forefathers, part of their Bread must be earned with sweat of their brows. The high state of Cultivation these isles are in must have cost them immese labour and this is now amply rewarded by the great produce, of which everyone seems to partake. No one wants the common necessaries of life, joy and contentment is painted in every face, indeed it can hardly be otherwise. An easy freedom prevails among all ranks of people, they enjoy every blessing of life and live in a Climate where the extremes of heat and cold is unknown. During our stay the mercury in the Thermometer at noon was from 71 to 76 and on our passage from Ulietea from … to … If nature has been wanting in any thing, it is in the article of fresh Water, which is shut up in the bowels of the Earth and for which they are obliged to dig, a running stream was not seen and but one well at Amsterdam. At Middleburg no Water was seen but what the Natives had in Vessels, but as it was sweet and cool I had no doubt of its being taken upon the isle and probably not far from the spot where I saw it.

So little do we know of their Religion that I hardly dare mention it; so little do we know of it: but do not think they worship Idols.
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Poverty Bay Herald
Published Every Evening
Gisborne, Wednesday, Feb. 26, 1901
THE NAME OF THE BAY
An Interesting Fact
(To the Editor of the Herald)
Sir, - When I was in Gisborne a few weeks ago I was told that the inhabitants disliked the name "Poverty Bay" given by Captain Cook. It is not for me to say a word with respect to the propriety of the change of a name to which history is attached, and not a brief history. But it may interest your readers to know that the great sailor, who in 1769 landed for the first time in New Zealand at that Bay, thought at first of bestowing another name. He soon changed his mind, but the name that he first wrote down was "Endeavour Bay." Cook’s Journal is preserved in the handwriting of Orton, the ship’s clerk, but it was originally written by the Captain on loose sheets. Most of these have perished, but a few have been preserved, and are now in "The Australian Museum," at Sydney. On the fifth page, or on the front side of the third leaf, will be found the name that Cook first thought of giving, though he changed his mind before he sent on the rough draft to be copied by the clerk. I only found this out a few days ago, and this is the first time that I am publishing the fact. Yours, etc.,
Edward E. Morris
The University, Melbourne,
Feb. 20, 1901.
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M.S. of Captain Cook

Rough Diary, and Drafts of Letters, etc.
H.M.S. "Endeavour"
First Voyage
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Strong party of men and went and landed on the opposite of the River, the surf not permitting us to land on the same side were the natives were or to go into the river. Mr Banks Dr Solander and I only landed at first and went as near to them as we could for the river and called to them in the George Island language and we thought they answered us in the and in this we was not mistaken for soon afterwards we found they spoke the same Language – these people as soon as we spoke to them began the war dance and threatened us by throwing flourishing their weaphons over their heads at which we retired back and I ordered the whole party ashore and Drew them up about a hundred yards then went again to the river side leaving the party behind us Tobia called to them and told them that we wanted to be friends with them and him they perfectly understood and he them, we shew them several things such as beeds and nails and throw’d a nail over to them but it fell short, one of them then swam over to a rock that lay nearby in the middle of the river, but would come no further. I then laid down my arms and went to him and came him some presents and very soon 2 more came these brought their arms with them I gave these 3 men most of what I had about me, but the people on the other side began again the war dance, upon which having no arms with me I thought fit to retire which they did not offer to prevent soon after this about 20 more came over all armed tho would willingly have exchanged their arms for ours but would not part with them on any other condition and sever attempts stratch ours out of our hands. I got Tobia to tell them that we was their friends and only come to got waters and to trade with them and that if they offered to insult us we could with ease kill them all, but Tobia told us plainly that were not our friends and told us several times to take care of our selves, and it appeared very plane that all they came for was to seize some of our arms, they several times snatched hold of my musquet, and one of them at last tore Mr Green’s hanger from his side and was making off with it when I ordered him to be fired upon. Mr Banks first fired with
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with only small shot which the fellow did not seem to mind but turned about and flourished the hanger about I then order Dr Munkhouse whose piece was load with a ball to fire at him which he did and the man fell upon this some of the others who had now retreated to the rock before mentioned returned and attend to seize the hanger and actily made themselves master of the mans own arms, and this Mr Munkhouse who was close by could not prevent unless he had run his Bagnet into them upon the men return from the rock I fired so did Mr Green and Tobia we all thence being load with small shot yet three more was founded but got across the River and lead off by the others. The man who I thought at first was dead recovered so far as talk to Tobia, yet there was great probability of the wound being mortal, finding nothing was to be done here, with the natives and the river affording no fresh water, I embarked with an intent to row round the whole Bay in search of fresh water some and if possible to surprise some of the natives and bring them on board and by good treatment endeavour to gain their affection friendship.

Tuesday 10th P.M.
Agreable to my intentions mentioned above I rowed round the head of the Bay but could find no place where I could land on account of the great surf which beat every where upon the shore this made me resolve upon taking one of 2 Boats I saw coming into the Bay, and it so happened that one of them came very so near us before she discovered us we called to them to come to us, but instead of that they endeavoured to got away, upon which I ordered a musquet to be fired over their heads, thinking that it would either obliged them to surrender or jump overboard as we was at this time but a few yards from them but in this I was mistaken for they took to their arms or whatever they had in the Boats and begun to attack us. This caused us to fire upon them and it unfortunately happened that 2 or 3 was killed and one wom wounded and 3 jumped overboard unhurt.
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These we took up and brought on board the ship where they had cloase and victuals given them and where treated in this together with what Tobia telling them that they would not be hurt made them soon forget what was past in the best manner I could devise and before they had not been on board half an hour before they both eat and drank very heartily and were as cheerful and as merry as if they had been brought acquainted with us from their cradle, the oldest might be about 18 or 19 and the youngest about 9 or 10 ten I can by no means justify my conduct in attacking and killing the people in this boat who had given me no just provocation and was wholly igernorant of my design and had I had the least thought of them making the least any resistance I would not so much as have looked at them, but when we was once along side of them we must either have stud to be knocked on the head or else retire and let them gone off in triumph and this last they would of course have attributed to their own bravery and our timorousness.

In the morning I found that our three prisioners was so far reconciled to us I believe it would have been no hard matter to have prevailed upon them to thit they would readily have gone away with us, but as Tobia could speak the Language of the country I though that they would be of more service to us in putting them ashore at this part no service to us by taking them away, but might prove of some in putting them ashore to shew the other natives that we had done them no harm as I intended to stay here this day to see the event of it. I sent an officer with the Marines and party of men to cut wood which we was in want of, and soon after I Mr Banks and Dr Solander went and took with us the 3 natives, the place where we landed was at the River before mentioned on the same side of the Bay where the ship lay, here they did not like to be put ashore but wanted to be carried over to the other side and this I could not do without taking of the party from cutting wood: they said that the people here would kill them and eat them but this did not appear at all probable for which we was consulting wheather it was better to carry them over in the boats and or march with them round by land, they of their own accord left us however they did not go far before the had themselves in the
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bush, not seeing any of the natives sturing any where we advanced a little way towards the head of the Bay but had not gone above half a mile fore we saw several Bodies of the natives marching towards us upon this I return across the river and there join all wait the coming of the natives and parly with them across the River for their was no crossing the river after the three that we had put ashore also returned with us we had no sooner cross the river then the natives assembled on the other side to the number of 150 or 200 all armed with spears and Lances and short Trunchen made of Jasper, here a parly began and Tobia and the 3 boys so far convinced them of our friendly disposission that one of them swam across the river to us, when the Boys pulled off some of the coase they given them and gave to this man and every one made them some present or another and he then returned across the river back again, carrying what he had got along with him, and seated himself in the middle of the whole Body and then I suppose gave them an accont of his expedition. I now thought it the prudentist method step to return on boat take everybody on board, bringing along with us the 3 young natives as they seemed not willing to be left behind which was a little extraordinary as the man that came across to us was won uncle to the youngest. The man that was wounded yesterday we found dead on the spot where we left him, and at the time of the parly the Boys pulled off some of their coase and covered over him, it should seem from this that we ought either to have covered the dead body if we meant to be friends with them. The man that was killed at our first landing by where they first left him and neither the nails or Beeds that we left upon taken away, neither had they taken others that we had left at their houses from what we have seen of them, they seem to set not the least value upon Iron as not knowing the use of it.
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Wednesday, 11th P.M.
Gentle breeze and settled weather. Put the three natives ashore what went willingly out of the Ship but after they had had been land they wanted the Boat to put back to take them off again but whether this was owing to a desire to staying with us or thro fear if some off their country men whom they saw on the other side of the river I know not. One of the latter brought a Catamaran over the river and carried them to the other side and we afterward saw them move off all together. The 3 we had on board we could easily distinguish by their dress. These three came down to the water side and took up some thing and threw as it were over their heads or up in the air. This we took was either to shew us that they we will or else it was a ceremony performed by way of abjuring our friendship: be this as it may the soon went up to the rest and we saw them no more. At … A.M. weighed and stud out of the Bay which I named Endeavour Poverty Bay. It is in the latitude of … and Long. … W. from Greenwich. It is in the form of a horse shoe, the entrance is full 2 leagues wide and 2 Pints that form the entrance are both high with white steep cliffs, but a little way within the shore is all a low flat sand. At the entrance is 13 and 12 fam. And near the Shore is 6 and 5 fm. A fine hard sandy bottom. However it hath nothing to recommend it, lying open to the winds from the … to the … in so much that you cannot lay near the shore with your ship to cover your men if a when attacked by the natives and what is still worse it affords no fresh water at least not near the shore that we could find. The interior part of the country is mountainous and from the many smooks we saw appears to be pretty well inhabited. The natives are of the Common Stature well made and of a dark coper colour with long black hair which they tye upon the Crown of their heads. The have thin black beards and white teeth. They tattoo their faces in the same manner as the people of Georges Island do back sides. Their habits are a sort of a jacket made on kind of a grass very course and looks like a Rug or a Thrum’d Mat.
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Octr. 24
Found wild sellery which I caused to be boil’d for the ships Company every moring – got as much fish as gave all hands a little and Caught some few along side our selves – the fish we got here were … souls, Flounders with sever other sorts of small fish likewise cawfish and other shellfish.

25.
This afternoon I went upon the hills in order to view the country. After I had done this I could see but very little the sight being bound’d every where by still higher hills. I found the tops of the hills Barren at least nothing grow’d upon them but fern but the Vallys and side of many of the Hills wher luxurious clothed with several sort of trees and little Plantations of the natives lying dispersed upon and down the Country.

1 The Religion of the Natives bear some resemblance to the George Islanders.
2 They have a good god of war, of husbandry etc. but there is one surpem God whom they call … he made the world and all that therein is – by copulation.
3 They have many Priests.
4 The old men are much respected.
5 They have King who lives inland, his name is … We heard of him in Poverty Bay.
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6 They eat their enemies Slane in battell. This seems to come from custom and not from a Savage Disposition this they cannot be charged with – they appear to have but few Vices – Left an Inscription.
7 Their beheavor was Uniform free from treachery.
8 The Women may be known by their Voices they paint their faces reed.
9 The Womens faces are not tattow’d.
10 The seem to live on ridges of hills in the summer.
11 We found several houses not inhabited.
12 The frames of some of the house were ornamented with carved work.
13 Their carving good.
14 Their large canoes.
15 Animals none excep Dogs and Rats, the former they eat and ornament their clothes with the skin.
16 Woods Plants Birds and Insects, Woods, etc.
17 Fishes in the sea.

Each days Course and distance to be inserted.

Monday, 30th
At 8 o’clock some canoes followed the Ship – did not wait for them.

Saw a great many Plantations as we run along shore – after being round the N.E. Cape the country wa appear’d to be well inhabited and full of Plantations and looked well low near the
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and hilly inland.

Tuesday 31st
The Country full of Plantations laid out in regular inclosures divided by fences. Looked like inclosing in England the land juts out in points between them are fine fertile Bay and low land and where no doubt there is good anchorage and landing places.

Wed, 1 Novr.
The Country not quite so full of Plantations yet well inhabited – of a hilly ruged surface.

Thursday, 2nd, P.M.
Within the Id. of … is a great deal of very low plant’d land, in the middle of which stand a very reasonable high round mountain. A.M. as we run along shore we a great deal of cultivated land saw several Villages of the native situated upon eminences near the sea and Pullisaded all round and a fort and Bank on the side. We concluded from this that they were fortified Towns – this is all a flat country.

At noon Ids. without us.

Friday, 3rd
At 2 p.m. passed a high round hill standing upon a flat sandy beach a little way north of the hill the Country appeared to be rugged and hilly but the wind blowing fresh right on shore
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I was afraid of come too near the land and it being at the same time very hazy so that we could not see far inland off the hill is an Id.

A.M. saw a great many Islands and Rocks of various sizes laying off the Mainland. Some Leagues off and other near the shore.

The Court of Aldermen to be described. Inhabitants upon them. Islands between them and the main wheren’t probable there may be anchorage.

The Mainland is tolerable high and of a very rugged and hilly surface the face of the Country Doth not appear to be very fertile neither can we see many much signs of it being well inhabited.

At Noon Sat. O6th
The Mainland entered and a great number of Island lying off it.

Sat. 4th
Between 1 and 2 p.m. 3 Canoes came off to us and kept about the Ship sometime they came several times so near as to take hold of rigs but would not come on board. As one of our people was handing them a rope they throw’d a lance at him a little after this the same canoe came close alongside and the darted one of their lance into the ship upon which I fired a musquet ball close to the canoe. After this they left us each of these Canoes where made of one tree and without any sort of orniment and the people in them were the most of them quite naked their skins were something fairer than any we had seen before.

Reasons for putting to a Bay. The natives attending us going in – before the went awy told us that in the morning they would attack us. They came
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off in the night. Their beheavour in the morning their beheavour ashore when I went to sound the Bay, a fortified town.

Sunday, 5
The behavour of the Natives in the Morning. The 2 that came on board had present their behavour ashore when we was haling the sein the great quantity of Cohule and other small shell fish, these seems to be the chief support of the natives, as we saw vast heaps of these shell near their house and no Cultivate land.

Remarks in … Bay
Iron Oar – great quantity of that same.
The country rather barren then otherwise no Plantations.
Not subject to the Arridihi.
Eat their Enimies.
The Inhabitants Power

Remarks for the River Thames
The North point to be named and described.
The Ids. wholly under the East shore to be mentioned and the probability of good Harbours within them.
The Land on each side of the River to be described not much cultivated.
The Course of the River.
Depth of Water.
The Inhabitants.
Their way of catching fish in the River.
The Islands that lay on West point – not examined probability of Harbour.
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The Land to the westward of the River – whether main of Island the great probability of its being the Mnland/ if so it forms sever Bays, the extreams of which we only saw was too far off to distinguish inhabitants.

Islands without

Sat. 25th
The main land low with sand bank along the shore – but few inhabitants the Bay we anchored in to be named and described. The North had remarkable Islands laying before the Bay. In Latd. … The shore to gd. Northward of this Bay low and the shore for several points. Saw Inhabitants and Villages.

Sunday, 26th P.M.
The Natives came on board, their beheavour. I land with – a.m. Dr … The country seems well inhabited. The faces of the natives not so much tattow’d, their back sides were tattow’d more than their faces, strong well made active people.

Monday, P.M.
Passed a remarkable Cape. The Cape to be named and described. The Id. off it.
A Bay to the westward of it.
Saw some Towns and cultivated ground.
Abundance of the natives came off not less than 400 or 500 in the Course of this day a sign that the Country must be very populous.
A.M. The behavour of the people who came alongside. The base of this Mountain seems to have pretty large is large Base and and from the few imperfect sights we have had of it seems to rise with a pretty gradual assent to the peak and what makes it more remarkable is its being situated near to the sea and in a low flat Country which appear’d to us to be rich and fertile all the Country round it is low and flat.
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Names of the Islands – Bearing from Otaheite N.E. quarter 17

Oopate – N ½ E
Ooura – do. Farther
Teoheow – N.N.E.
Oryroa, Ohevapato – N.N.E.
Otaah, Ohevaroa Temanno sotta – N.E.B.N
Wharova, Whaterreero Tetivo – N.E.
Tetineohva, Terouwhah – do.
Whava, Whaterratuah, Whaneanea – E.N.E.
Ohevatoutuai – E.B.N.

S.E. Quarter 7

Moutou – South
Toometoaroaro, Tennewhammeatane – S.S.E.
Ohetitamaruiri, Ouropoe – S.E.
Mytia/or Osnabang Isld/ Ohevanue, Oirotah between E.S.E. and E.

S.W. Quarter L 1

Imao/or York Isld./ Tapooamanna/ or Saunders Isld. – between the South S.W.
Mannua, Honue, Oheteroa, Onowhaa, Otootovera
Opooroo, Oonow, Teorooromatia, Teatowhite
Oheavie, Pooromathetea, Teamoorohete, Ohetetentenatu – Between S.W. and W1W
Ohititareva Ohetitoutouni
Mooenatayo, Tetu Patunacohew, Ohetitentenatu – West
Ohitepoto

N.W. Quarter 25 in all – 73
Oannah, Obaha, Maataah – N.B.W. some distance
Ruahine, Uleitia, Otaha, Bolabola, Tupe, and Mauraa
Opoopooa, Opopatia, Whennuaauda, Motihia, Osurio
Orurutu, Oateeu, Oahooahoo, Oweha, Orohina, Tenuna
Orivavie, Toutepa, Ovarathoa, Oryvavai, Oahourou
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Lieut. Jams Cook Commander of His Brittanick Majestys Ship Endeavour begs leave to represent to His Excellency

That he will be in want of a sum or sums of Mony in order to defray the Charges he will be at in Repairing and refiting His Brittanick Majestys Ship at this place which sum or sums of Money he is directed by his Instructions and impowered by his Commission to give Bills of Exchange on the Respective offices that which Superintend the Navy His Brittannick Majestys Navy – The Said Leiut. Jams Cook etc. Requists of His Excellency

That he will be pleased to order him to be supply’d with such Sum or Sums of Money as he may want for the use above mentioned, either out of the Companys Treasure or permit such gentle Persons to do it as may be willing to advance Money for Bills of Exchange on the Government of great Brit on the Honble. The Principal Officers and Commissioners of His Brittannick Majys Navy. The Commissioners for Victualing His Brittannick Majys Navy and the Commissioners for taking care of the Sick and Hurt.

Dated on board His Brittannick Majestys Ship Endeavour in Batavia Rev’d the 16th Octr. 1770.
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Draft of Captain Cooks letter to the Secretary of the Admiralty. Reporting the Observations of the Transit of Venus (3.June 1769) and the voyages from Rio de Janeiro to Batavia –

HM.S. Endeavour
23 Oct.1770
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Sir-
Please to acquaint my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty that I left Rio de Janeiro the 8th of Decr 1768 and on the 16th of Jany following arrived in Success Bay in Straits La Maire where we recruted our Wood and Water. On the 21st of the same month we quited Straits La Maire and arrived at Georges Island on the 13th of Apl. In our passage to this Island I made a far more westerly Track than any ship had ever done before, yet it was attended with no descovery untill we arrived within the Tropick where we descovered several Islands – We met with as friendly a reception by the Natives of Georges Island as I could wish and I took care to secure our selves in such a Manner as to put it out of the power of the whole Island to drive us off. Some days preceding the 3rd of June I sent Leiutenant Hicks to the Eastern part of this Island and Leiutenant Gore to York Island with others of the officers Mr Green having furnished them with Instruments to Observe the Transit of Venus that we might have the better chance of Succeeding should the day prove unfavourable, but in this we were so fortunate that the Observation was every where attended with every favourable circumstance. It was the 13th of July before I was ready to quit this Island, after which I spent near a Month in exploring some other Island which lay to the westward before we steer’d to the Southward. On the 14th of Augt we discovered a small Island laying in the Latitude of 22° 27S – Long 150’ 47"W.After quiting this Island I steer’d to the south
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Inclining a little to the East until we arrived in the Lat.de 40’.12" South without seeing the least signs of land. After this I steer’d to the westward between Lat.de of 30 and 40 untill the 6th Octr on which day we descoverd the East Coast of New Zealand which I found to consist of two large Islands extending from 34th to 48th of South Latitude both of which I circumnavigated. On 1st of Apl 1770 I quited New Zealand and steer’d to the westward untill I fell in with the east Coast of New Holland in the Latitude 38° S’ – I coasted the shore of this Country to the North puting in at such places as I saw convenient until we arrived in the Latitude of 15° 45’ S’ – where on the night of the 10th of June we struck upon a Reef of rocks where we lay Twenty Three Hours and received some very considerable damage. This proved a fatal stroke to the remainder of the Voyage as we were obliged to take shelter in the first port we met with where we were detained repairing the damage we had sustained until the 4th of Aug.t and after all put to
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Sea with a Leaky Ship and afterwards Coasted the Shore to the Northward through the most dangerous navigation that perhaps ever Ship was in until 22nd of the same Month when being in the Latitude of 10° 30’ S’ we found a Passage into the Indian Sea between the Northern extremity of New Holland and New Guinea. After getting through this Passage I stood over for the Coast of New Guinea which we made on the 29th but as we found it absolutly necessary to heave the Ship down to Stop her leaks, before we proceeded home I made no stay here but quited this Coast on the 3rd of September and made the best of my way to Batavia where we arrived on the 10th Instant and soon after obtained leave of the Governor & Councel to be hove down at Onrust where we have just got along side of the Warfe in order to take out our stores &etc. –
I send here with a Copy of my Journal containing the proceeding of the whole Voyage together with such Charts as I have had time to Copy and which I judge will be sufficient for the present to Illustrate the said Journal. In the Journal I have with undisguised truth and without gloss, inserted
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the whole transactions of the Voyage and made such remarks and have given such description of things as I thought was necessary in the best manner I was capable of and the Charts and Plans I have drawn of the places we have been at were made with all the care and accuracy that time and circumstances would admit of. Thus far I am certain that the Latitude & Longitude of few parts of the World are better settled than these. In this I was very much assisted by Mr Green who let slip no one opportunity for making observations for settling the Longitude during the whole course of the Voyage. Altho the discoveries made in this Voyage are not great yet I flatter myself that they are such as may merit the attention of their Lordships, and although I have fail’d in discovering the so much talked of Southern Continent which perhaps do not exist, and which I myself had much at heart, yet I am confident that no part of the failures of such discovery can be laid to my charge.

Had we been so fortunate not to have been ashore much more would have been done in the latter part of the Voyage than what was, but as it is I presume that this voyage will be
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thought found as great and as compleat if not more so than as any voyage before made in to the South Seas on the same account The and the many valuable discoverys made by Mr Banks & Dr Solander, in regard to Natural History and other things useful to the learn’d World cannot fail of contributing very much to the success of the Voyage.

In justice to the officers and the whole crew I must say that they have gone through the fatigues and dangers of the whole voyage with that cheerfullness and allertness that will always do honour to British seamen and I have the satisfaction to say that I have not lost one man by sickness during the whole voyage.

I hope that the repairs wanting to the Ship will not be so great as to detain us any length of time. You may be assured that I shall make no unnecessary delay either here or at any other place, but shall make the best of my way home. I have the honour to be with the greatest Respect.

Sir your most obedient Humble Servant
J.C.

At Onrust near Batavia
the 23rd of Octr. 1770

To Phillip Stephens Esqr.
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Draft of Letter to Royal Society Reporting the Observations of the Transit of Venus, 3 June 1769.

H.M.S. Endeavour
Batavia
23 Oct. 1770
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Endeavour Bark
Batavia 23 Octr. 1770

Honble Gentlemen

I did myself the Honour to write to you from Rio de Janniro which place I left on the 8th of Decemr. 1768 and arrived at Georges Island in the South Seas on the 13th of Apl. following, here we met with a Friendly reception from by the Natives, and after Mr Green and I had fixed upon a proper situation to observe ation the Transit of Venus I took care to secure our selves in such a manner as to put it out of the power of the whole Island to drive us off some Days preceeding the 3rd of June I sent Lieutenant Hicks to the Eastern part of that Island and Lieutant Gore to York Island with others of the officers and gentlemen to observe the Transit of V Mr Green having furnished them with Instruments and Instructions for that purpose. These were the precautions we took to insure success in case the day of the Transit should prove unfavourable but in this we were so fortunate that every wish’d for favourable circumstance attend the whole of that day.

The result of the observations will be herewith Transmitted to you by Mr Green.

We left Georges Island the 13th of July 69 and arrived at this place the 10th Inst, where we shall be obliged to make some stay in order to repair some damages the ship hath sustained. I’m

Honble Gentle your Most Obt Hble Servt
Jams Cook

To the Hon’ble the Presidt &
Council of the Rl Society
London
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Sir

Please to acquaint my Lords Comissr of the Admity that I did my self Honour to write to you from Madeira which place I left on the 18th of September and arrived at this Port on the 13th Instant, judging it to be the best place on this coast for procuring the necessary refreshments I stud in need of as nothing could Faulkland Islands offer’d nothing but Water I have laid a said all thoughts of touching there As The treatment I have met with at this Part hath been of such a Nature The manner I have been treated at the Port place together with my heheavour on these occasions, I shall lay before you with the utmost precision. On my arrival of this Port I sent Mr H Lieutenant Hicks before me from before the mouth of the River where I was at that time I lay then becalm’d to acquaint the Vice Roy with the reasons which with induced me to touch here (which was to procure water and refreshments for the ship) and to request the assistance of a Pilot to bring me up to proper anchoring ground
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The sea breeze after this freshening and being unwilling to lose time I made sail up the Harbour River and meeting with neither difficulty nor danger to retard me came to an anchor before the town wondering much that I saw nothing of my Boat no Pilot came off knowing that she must have my Boat had been on shore several some hours but was supprised when she returned and informing me that Mr Hick was retained on shore, on this I prepar’d myself to go on shore to demand him, but before I could do that a Boat came on board bringing several officers who ask’d sever many and very particular questions all all of which was where answer’d with the utmost candor and precision as I look’d upon the whole to be only matter of form something like what
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what we observe in the form report of a guard. They told me that my Lieutt. had was not been confined but allowed that he had been detain’d on shore and said that it was the constant custom to detain any one who came from ashore from a ship till a boat from the Vice Roy had visited her. About this time I observed a Boat fill’d with soldiers constantly rowing about the ship and on asking them there business the next day was inform’d that they had orders from the Vice Roy to permit no Body but my self to go on shore & to hinder every any one of the inhabitants of the place from coming on board the ship unless they had particulars have so to do. The next day or Monday morning Soon after this Mr Hicks was put on board in one of the Vice Roys Boats attended by an officer
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Mr Hicks He inform’d me that some time after he had landed he was after he had delivered his message to the Vice Roy he was asked if we would comply with the customs of that place to which he answered that we would comply with any custom that had been before observ’d by English Men of War, he was then told that I must wait upon the Vice Roy the next day when every thing should be settled, when he was coming on board he was told that he must stay on shore until such time as I came.

The next day I waited upon His Exy. and acquaint’d his with the reasons that induced me to put in here, naming the things I wanted and discovered he would give the necessary orders for me to be furnished with such things as them as my stay here would be very short he told me that I should be accommodated with with every thing I wanted and desired to
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to know how I intended to employ to purchas the necessarys I wanted as it was a custom in this place for strangers to employ one of the natives. I told him I had letters of unlimited credit to two Merchants here to them I intended to apply. I then ask’d if there was any particular place where I was to water at for leave for my coopers to repair the casks on shore to which I had favourable answers but said that he would order a Soldier from the guard boat to be put into my boats when they bought the casks ashore and likewise one from the shore when they carried them on board to take see that they met with no interruption.

I then desired to know the reasons that my Lieutt. was detained yesterday, he gave the same reasons his officers had done the day before. I remostrated against it as unpresidental treatment to an officer belonging to an English Ship of War in a friendly Post, he said he had the Kings order for so doing to which he must comply and said I must not take it a miss, I being exceeding desirous of avoiding all manner of disputes that might create a delay here which might be attended
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attended with bad consequences to the service I was going upon, the success of which I had above al things most at heart. I then acquainted him that their were several Gentlemen on board who had never before been at sea and being a good deal indisposed with the fatigues of a long passage wou’d and be glad to reside on shore during our short stay here. I press’d him several times this he refused & said tho he said it was and to make such collections in Natural history as this country did afford the Kings orders that no stranger should reside on shore. As soon as I came from his Excellency I found my self under the custody of a guard an officer, upon my expressing my suspicions of his being a guard was told he was only to shew me such places in the town as I wanted, but upon my coming on board I found he was likewise to accompany me to my ship, upon this I apply’d to the Vice Roys Edicamp as I could not see himself and desired him to and told him that as I had met with Mr Forster an English officer
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in their service who offer’d to go with and interpret for me and told him I had done my business and going on board my ship and that the Gentlemen then with me could be of no farther use I told him that his going on board with me has had so much the appearance of a guard that I could not suffer it, and that I was not prepar’d to receive him as a visitor he answered it was the Vice Roys order for him to attend upon me wherever I went but he assured me it was only meant as a compliment and not as a guard, and said it laid with me whether or no I would let him come on board my ship, finding nothing could be done the Vice Roy being then at dinner, I came on board accompany’d by the same officer and Mr Forister an English officer in their service. In the evening I went again to the Vice Roys and desired his Edicamp to acquaint him that I was much obliged to H.Excy. for the compliment he was pleased to pay me, but as it was an honour that would not be return’d to any a commander of any of H.M.F.M. Ships in any British Port and as they might produce this as a precedent I and therefore beg’d to I must be excused from excepting on it, and observ’d that no such compliment was paid the Vice Roys answer to this was to commodore Byron & his officers when they were in this Port – who was of higher ranck than I was
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was their officers would not expect it, that it never could be quoted as a precedent that he had the Kings orders to pay the same compliment to … I then remonstrated against the Mr Banks not being permited to come on shore. The Vice Roys answers to all this was that their officers would not expect the same compliment in a British Port, that it never would be quoted as a precedent that he could not give leave for any of the Gentlemen or Officers except my self to come ashoare, that he acted according to orders form his Court and could not do other ways; I desired that the Vice Roy might once be acquainted that as I had he had given his word that nothing more was ment by the officers attending me
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was nothing more than to pay me a compliment to me which he seem’d resolved to keep up continue, I should except on it when on shore but the suffering either officers or Soldiers to come into my Boat was a thing I could not answer to my Court as they must see it in a different light to what his excellency ment it his answer to this was that if I did not permit one of his officers into my boat, I could not come ashore and that I might make my stay here as short as I pleased. I was much chagrin’d as this answer as seeing plainly what treatment I had to expect here, and had thought of putting to sea the next day, but upon mature deliberation of my being now in Port with part of my water casks on shore, the ship wanting some repairs which
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which could not be done at sea, the time that would be lost in putting into any other Port either on this coast or in Faulkland Islands, I resolv’d to wait till I had procured the necessarys I wanted and at the same time to remonstrate in the strongest terms against the treatment I met with. The next day I went to the Vice Roys with an account in writing of every thing that I wanted, who gave orders for me to be furnished with every thing except the use a stage for the clearing the ships bottom, unless I would admit one of their carpenters to inspect into the defects of the ship which I refused but it in Politest manner I could, notwithstand the orders said to be given for me to be furnished with every the things I had apply’d for I found numerous difficulties and various and most most frivolous, all the answer I could obtain from the repeted remostrances I made against a guard being put into my Boat, that it was the Kings orders
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orders and could not be disposed with I therefore on till on Friday Thursday the … I drew up a memorial to His Excellency and sent it by an officer, a copy of which to gether with the answer I the next day received I have here enclosed with His Excellencys answer came on board Mr Burrick an English Gentlemen who resides here, to translate it, this gentleman offered to accommodate me with directions for sailing into the southern ports on of this coast and in some measure advised me to gon on shore and by free oppose a Soldier being put into my Boat, this advice of his did not surprised me as he had upon all occasions before been very shy of giving his advice, but when he did it, it was to bear patiently any restrictions they laid upon me. The next day I sent Lieutenant Hicks ashore with an answer to H. Ex.y. Memorial, with orders to oppose/
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but not by Force/any Military Officer or Soldier being put into the Boar without which If he could not go ashore he was to deliver the letter to the Officer of the guard and return on board Upon his Passing the guard boat an refusing to admit a Soldier in to the boat she attended him to the landing place after which she return’s to her former Station after Mr Hicks left the boat a guard was put into the boat her, the Vice Roy refused to receive the letter and said unless we wold suffer guards to come into the Boats all communication was shut up between me and the Vice Roy him Mr Hicks was farther told his coming ashore this time without a guard would be overlook’d but he must take care how he attemp’s it again Mr Hicks was the insisted on coming on board in the same manner as he came on shore
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without a guard in the boat upon his pres……. Into not going into the boat unless the guard was order’d out. All the Boats Crew were by force take out of the boat and carried to Prison where they remained until the next day, and the Lieutt. was forced into one of their boats and on board under the custody of a guard immed upon my hearing of this I wrote to ….. demanding my men and boat and his reasons detaining on them and inclosed the answer to his Memorial he had before refused to receive and sent it by a Midshipman, which after he had delivered he was told an answer would be sent the next day and was then ordered on board. This night between eight and 9.0 Clock came an excessive hard storm of wind and rain, at this time Long boat had just come on board
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with three Men and four Pipes of Rum in her broke a drift the Yawl was emmidiatly sent after her, but not being able to tow her either one way or another she seen filled with water they then brought her to a grappling and left her and got on boat with the Yawl about 3 in the Morng the in the Morning set to the Vice Roy to acquaint him with what had happened and desired leave and the assistance of a Shoare boat to look after my Long bt and at the same time to demand my Pinnac and her crew, after some time the whole was granted, and we were so fortunate as to find the Long boat that same day –
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The Pendant which Pinnace always were when an Officer was in her was taken away, and the crew was log’d the whole night in the common lower part of the common Prison.
Goal in the lowest prison amongst condem"d Malefactors, except the Coxswain who was allowed a better apartment by his paying Eight Shillings on Monday morning 21st I received His Ex’cy Answers by one of His officers who had orders to waint for an Answer and by whome I answer’d that part of His Ex.y. Memorial where in he doubts that the ship belongs to the King as to his other doubts about Greens Water I look’d on thought think of so trifling a nature as to require no answer and as to in answer to His Ex’y
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concerning the detention of my Boat and crew I only I thought it only necessary to acquaint His Ex’y with the taken away the Pendant. At the expiration of two days I received an Answer to both, in this his Memorial he accuseth my people with smuggling a thing I am very certain no one in the Ship was they were not guilty of and for which is Ex.y could produce no proof this Memorial from his Ex’y in Answer to my last drawn up in such a manner as I thought called upon me to answer.
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I enclose
I have herewith transmitted you Copies of all the memorials and letters that have pass’d between the Vice Roy and me Which will be forwarded to you by the Capt of a Spanish Packet now in this port who will sail in a few days for old spain and I shall by the next safe opportunity send leave in the nads of the Vice Roy duplicates thereof to be forwarded by him to Lisbon. In this my letter I have stated the whole transactions as they happen’d from time to time without reasoning upon any one point either soothing or aggravating circumstances. I must not omit more fully to acquaint you that no one of my boats was ever permitted to pass between the Ship and the shore without a Soldier being put into here this practice I was obliged to submit to otherwise I could not have obtain’d the Supply I wanted, but rather than suffer my self to be made a Prisioner in my own boat I ch kept on board the my ship and notwithstanding the many Embarrasments I met with I have got a recrute of Provision and Water
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with many other refreshments and shall not put to see without loss of time and am no in as good a condition for from provicating the Voyage as the day we left England It may not be improper to observe that the Vice Roy allways pretended that the orders and customs respecting forrign Ships were general yet the Spanish Packet which mut in here from the River of Plate met with a very different reception, so guard was put ovber her and the Officers were at liberty to go where even they pleased – and whereas the Vice Roy hath in some of His Memorials made mention of my People Smugling I must in justice to my Self to the other officers and the crew in general to declare that it is my firm beliefe that so far from anything being
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Smugled ashore here that no sixpenny wrth of any kind of goods was on board the Ship for that purpose – I have the honour to be with the greatest respect\Dir
Your Most Obedient Hble Ser.
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His Majesty’s Bark Endeavour in
Rio de Janiero 30th Novr 1768

Hon.ble Gentlemen

I have this Day drawn on you for the sum of Sterling at Thirty Day Sight for account of Mr Feliciano Teixira Alves in favour of Me/srs Scott & Pringle – or orders by the value thereof being laid out in purching sundry sorts of Provisions,/ as per Inclosed Accounts/ for the use of His Majesty’s Bark Endeavour

The Acct. & Vouchers for the same shall be under my command, and which I forwarded I hope will meet with your approbation.
I am
Hon.ble Gentlemen

To
The Comissn for Vce (Victualling)
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Rules to be observed by every Person belonging to His Majesty’s Bark the Endeavour for the better establishing a regular and Uniform trade for the provisions &c with the Inhabitants of Georges Island and to prevent frauds and disputes as well on one side as the other –

1. To Endeavour by every fair means to cultivate a friend Ship with the Natives and to treat them will all imaginable humanity –

2. A Proper person or Persons will be appointed to trade with the Natives for all manner of Provisions fruit & other productions of the Earth at a Stated Price as from circumstances can be agreed upon and no officer or Seaman or other Person belonging to the Ship,/ excepting such as are so appointed by me for that purpose shall trade or offer to trade for any sort of Provisions fruit and other productions of the earth unless they have my leave to do so but to deliver to the Persons so appointed the Articles they want to exchange
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[Passage crossed out] Accquainting he or them with the nature of the Provisions they would have in exchange the same to be enterd in a Book kept for that purpose if not immediately disposed of -

3. Every Person employd a shore on a duty whatsoever is strictly to attend to the same. and if he looseth any of his Woorking tools or Arms through neglect, carelessness or cowardness or suffer them to be Stole, four times the full Value thereof of the Articles so lost will be charged against his pay according to the custom of the Navy in such cases and shall receive such farther farther punishment as the nature of the offence may deserve –

4. The Same Penalty will be inflicted on every person who is found to inbezzle trade or offer to trade with any part of the Ships Stores of what nature soever
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or of ever so small or trifling an Article unless they have my order to do so –

[Passage crossed out] No sorts of Toys, Beeds, Gloss, Buttons or other &c that serve only for orniments are to be given in exchange for Provisions these are to be exchangd for fruit, and such curiositys as the natives may have and are willing to part with - neither is any No Short Iron or any thing that is made of Iron or any sort of Cloth or other usefull or necessary articles are to be given in exchange for any thing but provisions –
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Whenever a Boat or Boats are sent in Shore to examine any coast and that I would have them proceed along Shore keeping pace with or going before the Ship. I will hoist an Ensign at the Miz.n Peek. Upon the discovering any Bay or harbour that I would have the Boats examine I will hoist a Jacke and the Ensign Staff and if they are to land I will haul down the Sig.l from the Miz.n Peek and fire a Gun for while this Sig.l is out the Boats are not to land on any account whatsoever. Whenever the Boats discovers finds safe Anchorage for Shipping they are to hoist thea Jack which will be answer.d by the Ship with the either an Ensign or a Jack hoisted where it can be best seen, Top glt mast head Ensign Staff and Miz.n Peek excepted, and if the Ship intends to anchor the Signal will be kept out
Upon discovering of Danger the Boats are to hoist a flag which is to be kept out until it is observed by the Ship they see that the Ship stears from it

Upon landing on any unknown coast or Island a sufficient guard is always to be left in the Boat or boats to keep them a float, the party landed are to keep in one Body unless from circumstances the officer seen finds it necessary to divide in to two one of which is to remain as a reserve both to succor
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the advanced party if attack’d and to secure the communication to the Boats which upon all occasions is to be very carefully attended to

Where ever there are any Inhabitants every opportunity is to be taken at our first coming among them to convince them of the use of fire arms by killing of Birds &c that may come in the way, but in the doing of this care must be taken not to fire at random least it the natives should have Conceive that they do no execution