Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales

Joseph Pye diary, 3 December 1915-17 February 1919, and diary of the 5th Australian Field Bakery 5 March 1916-1 September 1918
MLMSS 2946 / Item 1

[Page 1]
War diary
Confidential

Army Book 152.

Correspondence Book
(Field Service).

5th Australian
Field Bakery

[Page 2]
History from 5/3/16 till 31/7/17

War Diary

[Page 3]
5th Australian Field Bakery
War History Time: From 5/3/16: (The date of formation of the Company) to 31st July 1917.

The 5th Australian Field Bakery was formed "In the Field" under the authority of the D.A. QM G, Australian and New Zealand Forces, i.e. Circular Memo No 20 (Appendix 11), para 5, dated 2/3/16. C R to 136/75.

In accordance therefore with mentioned paragraph of C.M.20, the 19th Company A.A.S.C. (2nd Australian Field Bakery) detailed (2) two complete bakery sections, plus (2) two staff Sergeants, and this personnel was transferred on 5/3/16, and thus formed the nucleus of the 5th Australian Field Bakery (Total 32 other ranks).

On March 7th, 1916, Warrant Officer J. H. Pye of the 13th A.A.S.C. (1st Australian Field Bakery) was appointed QM & Hon Lieut. (Auth. A.I.I Order 34. Serial Number 86355); and

[Page 4]
Officer Commanding, and was placed on the strength on 8/3/16.

On the recommendation of Lieut. J. Miles O.C. 19th A.A.S.C. (2nd Australian Field Bakery) and Major J. G. Prior, O.C. 13th A.A.S.C. (1st Australian Field Bakery) and the approval of Lieut. Col. J. Duncan, Australian Provisional Formations, Egypt, the following promotions were made a/d 5/3/16, an acting W.O. (2) two Staff Quartermaster Sergeants, (5) sergeants, (10) ten Corporals. The balance of the personnel required to complete establishment was "taken on strength" from infantry and Reinforcements, also by direct transfers from Light Horse Regiments and Engineers and Artillery Details.

During the period between 5/3/16, the date on which the nucleus of the Company was formed, and 21/3/16, the date on which the Unit "took over" the duties (baking for the camp) which were being carried out by the 13th A.A.S.C. (1st Australian Field Bakery), the personnel of the Unit was working with the 13th A.A.P.C. Tel-el-Kebir, Egypt.

[Page 5]
At the same time, indents on "mobilisation" table were submitted on Army Ordnance Corps Tel-el-Kebir, from where the equipment was completed.

On March 21st, 1916, the Unit "took over" from the 13th A.A.S.C. (1st Australian Field Bakery), and were much inconvenienced by the lack of equipment such as scales, weights, etc. (necessitating the issue of bread in bulk), also axes for splitting wood, and thermometers for ascertaining the correct temperature of water required for setting doughs.

On the 10th April, 1916, (20) twenty men were required to complete establishment, consequently steps were taken through the Director of Supplies, Tel-el-Kebir, for the purpose of having personnel brought up to war establishment.

The firewood used during this period was very difficult to split and unsuitable for field service conditions, also much inconvenience was experienced through excessive heat, (the thermometer registering an average heat of 118 degrees

[Page 6]
Fahrenheit in a bell tent fitted with a fly. The flies also were a source of much annoyance.

From the formation of the Company, 5/3/16 until the departure for France, the discipline maintained was very good, only (2) two crimes being reported: - (1) Absent without leave, and the other: - "Drunkenness" both offences being committed by the same person.

On May 30th, 1916, orders were received to cease baking.

The receipts for the months of March 21st to 31st, and April and May, were: - 118,494, 402,000 and 605,409 rations respectively, and taking into consideration that 22 per cent of the personnel were non-bakers and had to be taught enough about the trade to be able to handle the ingredients, and help to turn out a satisfactory article, and combined with the inconveniences referred to in previous paragraphs, such as heat, dust, flies and bad wood, the work at Tel-el-Kebir must be classed as highly

[Page 7]
satisfactory as notified to the Officer Commanding 5th Australian Divisional Train by Major H.N. Beaumont, O.C. Advanced Supply Depot. (Appendix 2).

During the period between May 30th 1916 and 19th June 1916, the ovens and marquees used for bakehouses were taken down and stored ready for movement, and the ground occupied by same was cleaned and levelled and left in a cleanly state.

The whole Unit went through a thorough course of A.S.C foot drill. Thus the personnel "taken on strength" from Infantry and other branches of the service, became proficient in this class of foot drill.

Appendix 3

In accordance with Operation Order No. 1 by Lieut Colonel J. M. Arnott Commanding Combined Training and General Base Depot, Tel-el-Kebir dated 18/6/16, and Order Appendix 4
No. 8, 5th Australian Divisional Train, Moascar d/d 19/6/16, and were from
Appendix 5
Adjutant, 5th Australian Divisional Train 2000 on 18/6/16, the Unit, i.e.

[Page 8]
1 Officer 92 Other ranks, entrained at Tel-el-Kebir with all equipment as per mobilization table at 0130 on June 20th 1916. Arrived at Alexandria at 0830 on 20/6/16 and embarked with equipment at 0845 on 20/6/16 on H.M.S "Caledonia" and sailed at 0800 on 22/6/16

Experienced a fine trip to Malta where the harbour was entered at 1100 on 25/6/16 and anchored midstream. Departed at 1900 on 26/6/16 being escorted, and entered the harbour at Marseilles at 0400 on 29/6/16.

The Unit disembarked from H.M.S. "Caledonia" at 2000 on 30/6/16, with equipment, but left kit bags on board, each NCO and man taking a change of underclothing with him, and entrained at 0400 on 1/7/16 with equipment and rations for four days. After a very interesting train journey, the Unit arrived at Rouen at 0330 on 3/7/16, and "marched in" to Bakeries South, Rouen at 1400 on 3/7/16.

The equipment was left at

[Page 9]
Rive Gauche Railway station under a guard, and was removed and stored at Bakeries South, Rouen on 4/7/16.

On 4/7/16 the personnel commenced duty at Bakeries South, working with the 13th A.A. S.C. (1st Australian Field Bakery).

On 10/7/16 the Unit "marched out" from Bakeries South to Bakeries North, Rouen, and commenced duty with the Imperial Bakeries stationed at Bakeries North on 12/7/16.

The equipment was left at Bakeries South under a guard.

The strength of the Unit on 29th July 1916 was 1 Officer, 78 O. Ranks.

On Aug 20th, 1916, "the 1st" reinforcements were taken on strength, namely (8) men from the 5th Australian Divisional Base Depot, through Major J. G. Prior, O.C. 1st Australian Field Bakery.

The crimes, i.e. Regimental entries, (those involving forfeiture of pay) for the month of June 1916 were NIL, and for July 1916 – (4) four.

Although the Unit commenced duty on the 12th July

[Page 10]
with the Imperial Bakeries, it was not given any particular set of ovens and equipment for the whole of the Unit to work, and therefore no definite figures could be ascertained as to the number of rations the Unit was responsible of baking. However, during the dates of 16/7/16 to 31/7/16 inclusive, the Unit baked approximately 214,338 rations with 42 N.C.O’s and men being employed, the balance of the personnel were on duty with Imperial Sections.

On September 2nd 1916, the strength of the Unit was 1 Officer 85 O. Ranks.

The attachment of Field

Appendix 6

Bakeries to Divisional Trains, cancelled by A.A.G – A I.F. 48/10 d/d 28/7/16.

The arrangements in reference to reinforcements in force at this time was – that a reinforcement Depot for bakers was formed at Bakeries South (1st Australian Field Bakery) under the authority of Major Donnelly Reinforcement Officer,

[Page 11]
3rd Echelon Anzac Section, and from this Depot, personnel of the 5th Australian Field Bakery was made up to strength.

Under instruction from Major J. G. Prior, O.C. 13th A.A.S.C. (4) four men were "taken on strength" on 18/10/16.

During the month of August 1916, there were (7) crimes.

The N.C.O’s and men of the Unit working (1) one Section, i.e. Total 38, during the month of August baked approximately 474,658 rations, the balance of the Company being on duty with Imperial Sections.

On October 1st, 1916, the strength of the Unit was 1 Officer, 89 O. Ranks.

Reinforcements during this month numbered (8) eight, including (4) four from Unit who had been invalided to England and returned, who were "taken on strength" ex Australian General Base Depot, through O.C. 13th A.A.S.C.

[Page 12]
(1st Australian Field Bakery) as Depot Reinforcements.

During the month of September there were (4) four crimes. For the same period 37 N.C.O.s and men baked approximately 366,968 rations, the balance of personnel being at work with Imperial Sections.

On 31 October 1916, the equipment was received from Bakery South to Equipment Store, Details Issue Store, to 2 Base. Rouen.

On November 4th, 1916, the strength of the Unit was 1 Officer, 88 Other ranks. There were no reinforcements for this month. During the month of October 1916, there was only one crime. In the same period 34 N.C.O.’s and men baked 328,382 rations.

On December 2nd 1916, the strength of the Unit was 1 Officer, 75 O. Ranks. Reinforcements on December 7th were (9) nine O. Ranks "taken on strength" from Australian General Base Depot, through O.C. 13th A.A.S.C. (1st Australian Field Bakery).

[Page 13]
On the 26th December, 1916, (4) four O. ranks were "taken on strength" including 1 Sgt. supernummary to establishment of the 4th Australian Field Bakery, the other three being 5th Australian Field Bakery personnel rejoined Unit "from Invalided to England".

During the month of December 1916, 33 N.C.O’s and men baked 313,632 rations, the balance of the Company being on duty with Imperial Sections.

On January 1st 1917, the strength of the Unit was 1 Officer 87 O. Ranks. (7) Seven other ranks (reinforcements) were "taken on strength" from Australian General Base Depot, ex Depot reinforcements No. 2. B.S.D.

For the month of December the number of crimes were (3) three, for the same period 50 N.C.O.’s and men baked 526,358 rations.

On February 3rd 1917, the strength of the Unit was 1 Officer, 85 Other ranks, not including 8 men in hospital, France, 2 on leave

[Page 14]
to U.K. and 1 detached for Instruction in Cookery.

During the month of January there were no crimes.

70 N.C.O’s and men baked approximately 592,742 rations.

During this month there were two days on which (there) no baking was done by the unit.

On March 3rd 1917, the strength of the Unit was 1 Officer, 88 Other ranks not including 1 in hospital, France and 1 in detention.

On March 7th 1917 (4) four other ranks were "taken on strength" from O.C. 1st Australian Field Bakery, ex No. 2 B.S.D. Reinforcement Depot, including (2) two rejoined from hospital ex "invalided to England".

On the 29th March, 1917, (2) Two O. Ranks rejoined Unit ex "Invalided to England", through Base Supply Depot Reinforcements.

During the month of

[Page 15]
February 1917, there were (4) four crimes.

68 N.C.O’s and men worked together from 1st to 8th (eight days) and baked approximately 184,960 rations.

On April 1st 1917, the strength of the Unit was 1 Off 88 O. Ranks, not including 3 in detention and 2 in hospital.

During the month of March 1917, there were two crimes.

From the 19th to 31st March inclusive, 43 N.C.O.’s and men baked approximately 194,004 rations, the balance of personnel working in Imperial Sections.

On May 45th 1917, the strength of the Unit was 1 Officer 82 O.Ranks, not including 5 in hospital, 1 in detention, 3 on leave and 1 detached for Cookery Instruction.

There were (2) reinforcements "taken on strength" on 23/5/17.

During the month of April 1917, there were two crimes, and for the same period, 43 N.C.O.’s and men baked approximately

[Page 16]
473,582 rations, the balance of the personnel working with Imperial Sections.

On Saturday, June 2nd, 1917, the G.O.C. – A.I.F. General Birdwood, visited the Bakery North.

On June 2nd, 1917, the strength of the Unit was 1 Officer 93 O.Ranks, not including 1 in hospital, France.

On June 22nd 1917, (3) three O.Ranks rejoined Unit from "Invalided to England".

On June 16th 1917, the equipment of the Unit was checked at the Detail Issue Store, and a complete list was forwarded to the Adjutant, No. 2 B.S.D. (Personnel) on 16/6/17.

During the month of May 1917, there were no crimes and for the same period, 43 N.C.O’s and men baked approximately 561,346 rations, all other personnel of Unit on duty with Imperial Sections and camp fatigues.

On July 1st, 1917,

[Page 17]
the strength of the Unit was 1 officer 94 O.Ranks not including 1 detached for cooking instruction and 1 in hospital.

During the month of June 1917, there was one crime.

There was no baking for the Unit as a whole on the 9th, 10th, 11th and 17th and 18th.

From 1st June to 8th inclusive, 43 N.C.O.’s and men baked 132,264 rations and from the 12th to 16th inclusive 91,578 rations. From the 18th to 30th June 1917, during which time 3 shifts of 25 N.C.O.’s and men each shift (shifts from 2pm till 10pm, 10pm till 6am and 6am till 2pm) thus 75 N.C.O.’s and men baked 453,266 rations with the use of dough mixing machines which had been installed at the Bakery.

During the month of July there were (2) crimes and for the same period 72 N.C.O.’s and men baked approximately 1,169,718 rations. It will be noted that

[Page 18]
from July 10th 1916 to July 31st 1917, the Unit had worked with the Imperial 6th and 7th L of E Field Bakeries under the Command of Major J.J.G. Donnelly A.S.C. O.C. Bakeries North.

All disciplinary action was decided by O.C. Unit.

It will be seen by the number of offences that the rate of crime was not high, nearly all offences being absent without leave off pass. There has been (2) two F.G. [indecipherable] , punishment being 21 days No. 2 F. P. and the other 90 days No. 1 F.P. and fined £1.

All Daily Routine Orders published by the Officer Commanding Field Bakeries North (personnel) assisted by O.C. 5th Australian Field Bakery applied equally to Anzacs and personnel of Imperial Bakeries, unless specially mentioned to the contrary.

The equipment account for the quarter ending March 31st 1917 was checked by

[Page 19]
Quarterly Audit Board, comprised of a Board of Officers and found correct on April 27th, 1917.

Copy Telegram Appendix 2
to – O/C 5 Aust Bakery
Tel El Kebir

Please note that no Bread is required in future for General Birdwood’s Mess A.A.A. We are very grateful for the excellent quality and regular supply you have always sent A.A.A.

From – A.D.C. to General Birdwood.

[Page 20]
Appendix 2

Noc/150
29-5-16

To –

Senior Supply Officer
5th Australian Division
Ferrey Post

Before dispensing with the services of the 5th Australian Field Bakery, I should like to put on record my appreciation of the very excellent work done here by Lieutenant Pye and his men. In spite of great heat, sickness and difficulties with the wood, this Bakery has always turned out good Bread in quantities which have been considerably above the average for a single Bakery.

After experience of the bakeries at Helles and Mudros, I cannot pay the 5th a greater compliment than by saying that it has done all that I could have expected from such bakeries as the 10th and 13th which I was fortunate enough to have attached to my Depot at Mudros West.

Sgd. H.W. Beaumont, Major. A.S.C.
o/c Advanced Supply Depot

Tel-el-Kebir
29.5.16
C.O 5th Train

For your information - - - above is very gratifying
Sgd F.W. Smith Major A.A.S.C.
S.S.O. 5th Aust Division
Ferry Post
30.5.16
over

[Page 21]
O.C. 5th Aust Fld Bakery
Tel-el-Kebir

For your perusal. This speaks volumes for the work you and the bakery have done, and I am very pleased.

(Sgd) J.H. Francis Lt. Col.
Commending 5th Aust. Div Train

[Page 22]
Date
August 1st 1917
Strength of Unit: 1 officer 72 O.Ranks not including 1 P.B. man attached, 1 in hospital, 23 on leave to the United Kingdom.
A.W.L.: 1 conviction of crime, offendor awarded 14 days No. 2 Field Punishment transferred to Field Punishment compound on 1st.
70 N.C.O.’s and men employed in the bakehouse, baked 37,620 rations.

Aug 2nd, 1917
4 N.C.O.’s and men rejoined unit from leave to the United Kingdom, and 2 proceeded on leave to U.K.
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 37,860 rations.

Aug 3rd 1917
13 N.C.O.’s and men rejoined unit from leave to the United Kingdom. 2 proceeded on leave.
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 26,080 rations.

Aug 4th 1917
1 man admitted to hospital (V.D). 1 T/Corp confirmed in rank of Corporal, thus completing establishment.

[Page 23]
Date
Aug 4th 1917
3 N.C.O’s and men proceeded on leave to the United Kingdom. 1 N.C.O. rejoined from leave
70 N.C.O.’s and men employed in bakehouse baked 30,512 rations.

Aug 5, 1917
Strength: 1 Officer 82 O.Ranks, not including 1 P.B. man attached, 2 in hospital, 1 in detention and 11 on leave.
69 N.C.O.’s and men baked 42,920 rations.

Aug 6 1917
One conviction of crime of Absent without leave. Punishment awarded: Deprived of 1 day’s pay.

Aug 7 1917
One conviction of crime, i.e. interference of the duties of the Regimental Police. Award: Deprived two day’s pay.
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 39,800 rations.

Aug 8th 1917
5 N.C.O.’s and men proceeded on leave to the United Kingdom.
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked

[Page 24]
Aug 8th 1917
41,068 rations

Aug 9th 1917
2 men proceeded on leave to the United Kingdom.
69 N.C.O.’s and men baked 41,452 rations.

Aug 10th 1917
69 N.C.O.’s and men baked 40,320 rations

Aug 11th 1917
2 proceeded on leave
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 47,030 rations

Aug 12th

Strength: 1 Officer 73 O.ranks not including 1 in detention 1 P.B. man attached, 2 in "Hpl, 20 on leave to U. Kingdom.
1 Rejoined from leave. 70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 46,560 rations

Aug 13th
47 N.C.O.’s and men baked 29,560 rations

Aug 14th
3 N.C.O.’s and men reported from leave. 2 proceed on leave, 1 to hospital, 1 rejoined from detention.
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 39,180 rations

Aug 15th
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 39,326 rations

[Page 25]
Date
Aug 16th
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 38,890 rations. Archdeacon Ward and a medical officer gave very interesting addresses on the subject of Venereal disease. The men on 6 to 2 shift and 10pm to 6am shift as well as all details engaged in camp fatigues were present and listed attentively to the M.O.’s lecture on V.D. and consequences, and were apparently much moved by Archdeacon Ward’s stirring appeal for all present to refrain from indulgence in this particular vice.

Aug 17th
3 rejoined from leave to the United Kingdom. 1 proceeded on leave.

70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 46,600 rations

Aug 18th
4 rejoined from leave to U. Kingdom, 1 proceeded on leave.
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 39,396 rations

Aug 19th
Strength: 1 Officer 81 O.Ranks not including 3 in hospital and 13 on leave
47 N.C.O.’s and men baked 25,560 rations

[Page 26]
Date
Aug 20th
The N.C.O.’s and men of the 6am to 2pm shift and 10pm till 6am shift and all others on camp fatigues and details were medically examined for venereal and other skin diseases at 2.30 pm.
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 28,620 rations

Aug 21st
5 N.C.O.’s and men reported from leave.
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 46,140 rations

Aug 22nd
1 man evacuated to hospital, and 1 rejoined from leave to U. Kingdom.
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 38,380 rations

Aug 23rd
1 rejoined from leave to U. Kingdom, 2 Corporals were "taken on strength" supernumary to establishment from No. 2 BSD (Anzac Depot) ex invalided to England.
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 38,690 rations

Aug 24th
The men of the 2pm till 10pm shift and all others who were not medically examined on Aug 20th, were examined

[Page 27]
Date
Aug 24th
at 8.30am. 70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 38,120 rations.

Aug 25th
4 men proceeded on leave and 2 rejoined from leave.
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 31,260 rations

Aug 26th
Strength: 1 Off 87 O.Ranks not including 4 in hospital and 8 on leave.
47 N.C.O.’s and men baked 20930 rations.

Aug 27th
1 Rejoined from hospital
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 37,782 rations.

Aug 28th
1 Rejoined from leave to U.K. 1 rejoined from hospital
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 39,040 rations.

Aug 29th
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 38,418 rations.

Aug 30th
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 38,460 rations

[Page 28]
Date
31/8/17
1 Corporal reverted to Private and proceeded on transfer to 2nd Infanty Battn.
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 38,708 rations

[Page 29]
Date
Sept 1st 1917

App. 7.

Strength: 1 Officer 89 O.Ranks not including 2 in Hospital and 7 on leave. 1 man "rejoined unit" from leave to the United Kingdom.
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 38,540 rations. The distribution of mentioned 70 N.C.O.’s and mean and the balance of the personnel of the company is shown on Appedix 7.

2/9/17
1 man "rejoined unit" from leave to the United Kingdom.
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 26,260 rations

3/9/17
Received circular from D.A.G – A.I.F. attached 1st Anzac Corps asking for following information:-
Present location; and formation under which working; which was forwarded by return post.
1 man "rejoined unit" from leave to the United Kingdom.
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 46,410 rations.

4/9/17
1 man proceeded on transfer to 11th Fld Artillery Bde.
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 46,520 rations.

[Page 30]
Date
5/9/17
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 46,170 rations

6/9/17
4 men "rejoined unit" from leave to U. Kingdom. 70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 46,190 rations.

7/9/17
1 Attachee evacuated to No. 1 Aust. Genl. Hpl.
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 48,000 rations

8/9/17
1 man "rejoined unit" from hospital, France. Strength: 1 officer 95 O. Ranks and 1 in hospital and 1 attachee in Hpl. 70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 39,060 rations

9/9/17
40 N.C.O.’s and men baked 21,600 rations

10/9/17
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 32,280 rations

11/9/17
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 32,020 rations

12/9/17
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 38,620 rations

[Page 32]
Date
13/9/17
1 Corp. rejoined unit ex "Invalided to England" and was taken on strength. Supernumary to establishment.
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 38,728 rations.

14/9/17
1 man evacuated to hospital 70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 39,100 rations

15/9/17
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 32,300 rations.

16/9/17
Strength: 1 officer 95 O.Ranks not including 2 in hpl and 1 attachee in hospital. 47 N.C.O.’s and men baked 25,880 rations

17/9/17
1 N.C.O. and 1 man evacuated to hospital. 70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 31,600 rations

18/9/17
1 Attachee (P.B. personnel) rejoined unit from hpl. 70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 31,500 rations.

19/9/17
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 38,960 rations.

[Page 33]
Date
20/9/17
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 31,980 rations

21/9/17
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 39,310 rations

22/9/17
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 38,820 rations

23/9/17
47 N.C.O.’s and men baked 26,220 rations

24/9/17
73 N.C.O.’s and men baked 31930 rations

25/9/17
2 men evacuated to hospital
73 N.C.O.’s and men baked 32040 rations

26/9/17
1 man rejoined unit from hospital. 73 N.C.O.’s and men baked 31820 rations

27/9/17
73 N.C.O.’s and men baked 34410 rations

28/9/17
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 23480 rtns

29/9/17
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 23,000 rtns

30/9/17
24 N.C.O.’s and men baked 12,800

[Page 34]
Diary 10

October 1st 1917
Strength: 1 Officer 93 Other ranks, not including 1 P.B. man attached and 4 in hospital.
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 28,300 rations, the remainder on duty as shown in Appendix 8.

2/10/17
1 man "rejoined unit" from hospital. 70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 38,748 rations.

3/10/17
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 44,040 rations

4/10/17
1 Crime of [indecipherable] A.W.L. Punishment severely reprimanded. 70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 41,400 rations.

5/10/17
1 man "rejoined unit" from hospital. 70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 31,980 rations

6/10/17
70 N.C.O.’s and men baked 38,480 rations.

7/10/17
47 N.C.O.’s and men baked 23,228 rations

8/10/17
69 N.C.O.’s and men baked 31,640 rations

9/10/17
1 man evacuated to hospital. 69 N.C.O.’s

[Page 35]
Date
9/10/17
and men baked 29,580 rations

10/10/17
69 N.C.O.’s and men baked 37,000 rations.

11/10/17
69 N.C.O.’s and men baked 28,160 rations

12/10/17
69 N.C.O.’s and men baked 25,784 rations

13/10/17
69 N.C.O.’s and men baked 33,420 rations

14/10/17
45 N.C.O.’s and men baked 25,360 rations

15/10/17
67 N.C.O.’s and men baked 38,790 rations

16/10/17
67 N.C.O.’s and men baked 38,400 rations

17/10/17
67 N.C.O.’s and men baked 34,000 rations

18/10/17
67 N.C.O.’s and men baked 31,840 rations

19/10/17
67 N.C.O.’s and men baked 23,020 rations
1 crime A.W.L. off pass from 10pm 19/10/17 to 8.30 pm 20/10/17

20/10/17
67 N.C.O.’s and men baked 31,680 rations

21/10/17
45 N.C.O.’s and men baked 26020 rations

[Page 35]
Date
22/10/17
2 men evacuated to No. 1 A.G. Hpl 64 N.C.O.’s and men baked 31,720 rations

23/10/17
1 man evacuated to No. 1 Aus. Genl Hpl. 1 N.C.O. rejoined unit from Hospital. The men of the 6am to 2pm and 10pm till 6am shift and all details and staff were medically inspected for skin diseases. 64 N.C.O.’s and men baked 32,012 rations.

24/10/17
64 N.C.O.’s and men baked 32,100 rations. 2pm till 10pm shift medically inspected.

25/10/17
1 man rejoined unit from No. 1 Aus. Gen. Hpl. 64 N.C.O.’s and men baked 31,612 rations.

26/10/17
1 main rejoined unit from Hpl. 64 N.C.O.’s and men baked 23010 rations

27/10/17
1 man rejoined unit from Hpl. 64 N.C.O.’s and men baked 31,810 rations

28/10/17
43 N.C.O.’s and men baked 25,600 rations

29/10/17
64 N.C.O.’s and men baked 40080 rations

30/10/17
64 N.C.O.’s and men baked 40020 rations

[Page 36]
Date
31/10/17
64 N.C.O.’s and men baked 39,870 rations
Strength: 1 Officer 95 other ranks and 1 P.B. pers attached, not including 2 in hospital.

[Page 37]
Start Page 14.

November 1st 1917.
1 man proceeded on leave to the United Kingdom. Period 14 days leave. 64 N.C.O.’s and men baked 29080 lb rations.

2/11/17.
1 man proceeded on leave to U.K. 64 N.C.O.’s and men baked 31,996 lb rations.

3/11/17.
2 men proceeded on leave to U.K. 64 N.C.O.’s and men baked 32,300 lb rations.

3/11/17
Discipline 2 convictions of offences. 1 case of drunkenness, and the other A.W.L. from duty and insolence to his superior officer. Awards. Deprived of (14) fourteen days’ pay and 21 days No 1 F.P. respectively.

4/11/17.
1 man evacuated to hospital. 1 to 21 days. F.P. No.I. 43 N.C.O.’s and men baked 23,340 lb rations.

5/11/17.
64 N.C.O.’s and men baked 36,150 lb rations

[Page 38]
6/11/17.
64 N.C.O.’s and men baked 36560 lb rations.

7/11/17.
64 N.C.O.’s and men baked 36,360 lb rations.

8/11/17.
64 N.C.O.’s and men baked 22920 lb rations. At a general parae held at the Bakery, the instructions as set forth in S.S.611 "Precautions against Fire. (Extracts from G.R.O. 2717.) were read over and explained to personnel; and a fire parade alarm was held when fire drill was practised.

9/11/17.
2 men evacuated to hospital. 64 N.C.O.’s and men baked 36410 lb rations.

10/11/17.
64 N.C.O.’s and men baked 32,220 lb rations.

11/11/17
22 N.C.O.’s and men baked 13080 lb rations.

12/11/17.
64 N.C.O.’s and men baked

[Page 39]
26240 lb rations
General. Carter. D.O.S. visited the Bakery and was pleased with the machinery and amount of bread turned out daily.

13/11/17.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 33900 lb rations. 1 man evacuated sick to hospital.

14/11/17.
64 N.C.Os and men baked 41020 lb rations.

15/11/17.
64 N.C.Os and men baked 41200 lb rations. 1 man transferred to 2nd Battn, Inf.

16/11/17.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 32320 lb rations. 1 man reported from leave to U.K and 1 man rejoined from hospital.

17/11/17.
64 N.C.Os and men baked 27640 lb rations.

18/11/17.
43 N.C.Os and men baked 23560 lb rations. 3 men proceeded on leave to U.K.

[Page 40]
19/11/17
22 N.C.Os and men baked 7650 lb rations. 3 N.C.Os proceeded on leave to U.K. and 1 man reported from leave.

20/11/17.
43 N.C.Os and men baked 25510 lb rations.

21/11/17.
22 N.C.Os and men baked 12760 lb rations. 2 men proceeded on leave to U.K. and 2 men rejoined unit from leave.

22/11/17.
22 N.C.Os and men baked 10560 lb rations. 2 men rejoined Unit from hospital.

23/11/17.
64 N.C.Os and men baked 31280 lb rations. 2 men rejoined Unit from hospital.

24/11/17.
22 N.C.O.s and men baked 10240 lb rations. 1 man evacuated sick to hospital.

25/11/17.
During the 2-10pm shift while firing the ovens for 10-6 am shift, one oven blew out causing damage to the interior, and

[Page 41]
thereby placing 1 block out of use. 1 man evacuated sick to hospital.

26/11/17.
Owing to oven blowing out and to the demand for bread diminishing, the Unit suspended baking operations and 35 13 N.C.Os and men were employed at the B.S.D. Yards and Hangars checking commodities from the ships into the Depot and despatch of same (to) by rail. The remainder of the Company were employed on fatigues in Camp.

27/11/17.
No baking by Unit. Route march and drill

28/11/17 29/11/17 30/11/17
No baking. Route march and foot drill each day. 1 man evacuated to hospital.

[Page 42]
Start page 16.
December 1st. 1917.
Strength: 1 Officer 83 Other ranks and 1 attached, not including 5 in hospital: France, and 8 on leave to the United Kingdom. 35 N.C.O’s and men were employed in No 2 Base Supply Depot as checkers, loaders, etc. and the remainder of personnel were employed on the staff, general Camp fatigues and in the bakehouse with Imperial sections.

2/12/17.
Field General Court Martial Proceedings were promulgated in which a N.C.O (Corporal) was reduced to the ranks and sentenced to 90 days No I. F.P. of which 62 days was remitted. Confirmed and signed 30/11/17. by Brigadier General L.T. Phillips, Base Commandant.

3/12/17 4/12/17 5/12/17 6/12/17
The duties were the same as on the 1st. Nothing further to report.

[Page 43]
7/12/17.
5 N.C.O’s and men rejoined unit from leave to the United Kingdom. 1 man evacuated to hospital (sick) and 1 man rejoined unit from hospital.

8/12/17.
Nothing to report.

9/12/17.
3 men reported to Unit from leave to U.K, and 1 man evacuated to hospital (sick). 1 section of 13 N.C.O’s and men baked 6920 lb rations.

10/12/17.
40 N.C.O’s and men baked 23040 lb rations, and 33 N.C.O’s and men were on duty at the Base Supply Depot: the balance on staff and camp fatigues. Notification was received from Officer i/c Records, 3rd Echelon. Anzac Section that 2 men were invalided to England from hospital and thereby struck off strength.

11/12/17.
40 N.C.O’s and men baked 25040 lb rations.

[Page 44]
12/12/17.
40 N.C.O’s and men baked 25280 lb rations. The Poll on the Military Service Referendum was taken and 89 votes recorded.

13/12/17.
40 N.C.O’s and men baked 23860 lb rations.

14/12/17.
40 N.C.O’s and men baked 23040 lb rations.

15/12/17.
40 N.C.O’s and men baked 23040 lb rations.

16/12/17.
13 N.C.O’s and men baked 12940 lb rations.

17/12/17.
The N.C.O’s and men employed at the Base Supply Depot were detailed for duty in the bakehouse, thereby making three shifts of 23 N.C.O’s and men each shift. Total 70 including the master baker. and baked 30140 lb rations.

18/12/17.
70 N.C.O’s and men baked 38430 lb rations.

[Page 45]
19/12/17.
70 N.C.O’s and men baked 35760 lb rations. 1 man proceeded on leave to U.K. and 1 rejoined unit from hospital.

20/12/17.
70 N.C.O’s and men baked 36860 lb rations.

21/12/17.
70 N.C.O’s and men baked 38400 lb rations. 1 conviction of an offence of A.W.L. in London from 7.30 a.m. 3/12/17 to 10.15 a.m 6/12/17. Punishment awarded. Deprived of 4 days’ pay.

22/12/17.
70 N.C.O’s and men baked 39280 lb rations.

23/12/17.
47 N.C.O’s and men baked 25860 lb rtns.

24/12/17
1 man proceeded on leave. 70 N.C.O’s and men baked 38720 lb rations.

25/12/17.
1 shift, viz., 6am to 2pm of 23 N.C.O’s and men baked 13120 lb rations

26/12/17.
2 shifts, viz., 6.am to 2p.m and 2pm to 10pm, of 46 N.C.O’s and men baked 21120 lb rtns.

[Page 46]
27/12/17.
1 man rejoined unit from 28 days No I. F.P. 70 NCO’s and men baked 30880 lb rations.

28/12/17.
1 man evacuated to hospital. 1 Sick 1. 1. N.C.O processed on leave to U.K. 70 N.C.O’s and men baked 13260 lb rtns.

29/12/17.
1 man proceeded on leave to U.K. 70 N.C.O’s and men baked 21540 lb rations.

30/12/17.
2 men proceeded on leave to U.K. 1 shift, viz., 6a.m. to 2pm. 23 N.C.O’s and men baked 13260 lb rations.

31/12/17.
70 N.C.O’s and men baked 30270 lb rations. Strength. 1 Officer, 84 other ranks and 1 P.B personnel attached, not including 4 in hospital, France, and 6 on leave to the United Kingdom.

Details of rationing and Accommodation
Appendix. 13.

[Page 47]
Jany 1st 1918
1 man rejoined unit from hospital. 70 N.C.O’s and men baked 24960 lb rations.

2/1/18.
70 N.C.O’s and men baked 28700 lb rations.

3/1/18.
70 N.C.O’s and men baked 31840 lb rations.

4/1/18.
1 N.C.O rejoined unit from leave to U.K. 1 man evacuated to hospital (sick). 70 N.C.O’s and men baked 38820 lb rations.
Meteorological Report Temperature 36 Deg. Fahr. in bakehouse. Flour 45 Deg at 6.15 a.m. Water for mixing dough 110 Deg. The first round (i.e. the Capacity of 4" Double Deck Collins ovens": approximately 2560 rations) mixed and placed in troughs for "prooving" at 6.45a.m. The 2nd, 3rd, and 4th rounds were finished at 8.15a.m, 9.15a.m and 10.15a.m respectively, with the same temperatures.

5/1/18.
1 N.C.O. evacuated to hospital. 70 N.C.O’s and men baked 38620 lb rations. Temperatures and times of doughmaking to be baked off by the 2p.m to 10p.m. shift, taken at

[Page 48]
6.15a.m. 1st round finished at 6.45am. Temperature of water 110 Deg. Flour 56. Bakehouse 42 Deg. The 2nd, 3rd, 4th & 5th finished at 8.15a.m. 9.15a.m. and 10.15am and 11.15 a.m. respectively, with the temperature of water at 108. Deg.

6/1/18.
1 man proceeded on leave to U.K. 1 man rejoined unit from hospital. 47 N.CO’s and men baked 25680 lb rations. As the 2 p.m to 10 p.m shift do not work on Sundays, there was no doughmaking for the 6am to 2pm shift. This arrangement effects a weekly change in shifts.

7/1/18.
1 man evacuated to hospital (sick). Temperature . milder at 6.15 a.m. Bakehouse. 54 Deg. Flour 58. Water 108 Deg. The first round was finished at 6.45a.m. 2nd at 8.15a.m. 3rd at 9.15am with temperature of water reduced to 106 Deg. 4th at 10.15a.m. and 5th at11.15a.m. with temperature of water at 104 Deg. 70 N.C.O’s and men baked 43740 rations

8/1/18.
1 man evacuated to hospital. Temperature: Colder. and a heavy

[Page 49]
fall of snow. Bakehouse 40 Deg. Flour 42 Deg 1st Round finished at 6.45a.m. Temperature of water 110 Deg. 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th rounds finished at 6.45a.m , 8.15, 9.15, 10.15 and 11.15 a.m. respectively with the temperature of water reduced to 108 Deg. 70 N.C.O’s and men baked 38080 lb rations.

9/1/18.
70 N.C.O’s and men baked 38400 lb rations. Temperature was much lower, viz. Bakehouse 37 Deg at 6.30a.m. Flour 33 Deg. Water 112 Deg.

10/1/18.
70 N.C.O’s and men baked 38400 lb rations. Temperature at 6.30 a.m. 44 Deg in Bakehouse. Flour 44. Water 108.

11/1/18.
1 man rejoined unit from leave to U.K., and 1 man rejoined from hospital. 70 N.C.O’s and men baked 38600 lb rations. Temperature Milder, Bakehouse 62 Deg. Mean Temp. 57 Deg. Flour 54. Water 108 Deg.

12/1/18.
1 man evacuated to hospital

[Page 50]
70 N.C.O’s and men baked 33920 lb rations. Temperature in bakehouse 55 Deg. Flour 45. Water 108. Mean 108 40 Deg.

13/1/18.
47 N.C.O’s and men baked 25780 lb rations temperature of bakehouse 45 Deg. Flour 45. Water 108. Mean 42 Deg.

14/1/18.
70 N.C.O’s and men baked 33840 lb rations. Temperature in bakehouse 60 Deg. Flour 55. Water 108. Mean 44 Deg.

15/1/18.
70 N.C.O’s and men baked 35200 lb rations. Temperature of bakehouse 65 Deg. Flour 58. Water 108. Mean 52. Deg. 1 man rejoined unit from leave to U.K. and 1 man rejoined from hospital.

16/1/18.
1 man rejoined unit from leave to U.K. 70 N.C.O’s and men baked 34880 lb rations. Temperature of bakehouse, 66 Deg. Flour 60. Water 104. Mean, 50 Deg.

17/1/18.
1 man evacuated to hospital (sick). 2 men rejoined unit from leave. 70 N.C.O’s and men baked 32720 lb rations. Temperature Bakehouse

[Page 51]
64 Deg. Flour 50. Water 102. Mean 54 Deg.

18/1/18.
70 N.C.O’s and men baked 41920 lb rations. Temperatures. Bakehouse 68 Deg. Flour 66. Water 98. Mean 48.

19/1/18.
70 N.C.O’s and men baked 46720 lb rations. Temperature. Bakehouse 62. Flour 60 Water 98. Mean 48.

20/1/18.
47 N.C.O’s and men baked 30720 lb rations.

21/1/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 45780 lb rations. Temperatures Bakehouse, 60 Deg. Flour 50. Water 102. Mean 50 Deg.

22/1/18.
1 man rejoined unit from hospital. 64 N.C.O’s and men baked 46080 lb rations. Temperatures. Bakehouse 62. Flour 60. Water 104. Mean, 50.

23/1/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 46310 lb rations. Temperatures. Bakehouse 56. Flour 60. Water 102. Mean, 54 Deg.

24/1/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 36460 lb rations. 1 man evacuated to hospital (Sick). Temperatures.

[Page 52]
Bakehouse 68 Deg. Flour 64. Water 98. Mean. 55 Deg.

25/1/18.
1 man evacuated to hospital. 64 N.C.O’s and men baked 38080 lb rations. Temperature 62. Bakehouse. Flour 60. Water 106. Mean 50 Deg.

26/1/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 30720 lb rations.

27/1/18.
43 N.C.O’s and men baked 29440 lb rations. 1 man transferred to England from hospital and struck off strength 28/1/18.

28/1/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 46080 lb rations. 1 man evacuated to hospital (sick). 1 man rejoined unit from hospital. Temperature, Bakehouse 45 Deg. Flour 48. Water 108. Mean 40 Deg.

29/1/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 45120 lb rations. Temperatures, Bakehouse. 50 Deg. Flour 50. Water 106 Mean 42 Deg.

30/1/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 45440 lb

[Page 53]
rations. Temperature. 43 Deg. Bakehouse. Flour 45. Water 108. Mean 39 Deg.

31/1/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 47040 lb rations. 1 man proceeded on special leave to Etaples, France. Temperature Bakehouse 47. Flour 45. Water 108. Mean 42 Deg Fahr

Appendices No’s 1 & 2 with Diary for December.

Relative to 1. Weekly Detail 2. W.A.A.C. Bakeresses

[Page 54]
Feby 1918.
1/2/18 Rouen France
Strength. 1 officer. 86 Other ranks, not including 5 in hospital, 1 on detached duty at Aust Base Post Office, London. 1 on leave to U.K, and 1 attached in hospital. 64 N.C.O’s and men baked 43200 lb rations. 1 man evacuated to hospital (N.Y.D). 1 rejoined from leave in France. 1 man proceeded on leave to U.K. Temperatures. Bakehouse 50° Fah. Flour. 40° Water 108° Mean 40° .

2/2/18.
1 man proceeded on leave to U.K. 64 N.C.O’s and men baked 35840 lb rations. Temp. B. 50° Fl. 40° Water 108° . Mean 44° .

3/2/18.
No baking. The personnel were employed on general camp fatigues during the forenoon. Nothing further to report.

4/2/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 37700 lb rations. Temp B. 56. Fl. 58. W. 108 to 102. Mean. 50.

5/2/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 52040 lb rtns.

[Page 55]
Temp. Bakehouse 50. Flour 58. Water 102 to 96. Mean. 54.

6/2/18.
62 N.C.O’s and men baked 37680 lb rations. Temp B. 60. F. 56. W. 106 to 96. M. 54. 1 man evacuated to hospital (sick).

7/2/18.
No baking done by Unit.

8/2/18.
27 N.C.O’s and men baked 18880 lb rtns.

9/2/18.
78 N.C.O’s and men baked 56886 lb rations. Temp. B.58. F. 56. W. 104 to 96. M. 52.

10/2/18.
27 N.C.O’s and men baked 21860 lb rations. 1 man evacuated to hospital (sick).

11/2/18.
27 N.C.O’s and men baked 21120 lb rations.

12/2/18.
81 N.C.O’s and men baked 67800 lb rations. Temp. B. 50. F. 46. W. 108 to 102. M. 45.

13/2/18.
81 N.C.O’s and men baked 67640 lb rations. Temp. B. 60. F. 58. W. 106 to 102. M. 54. 1 man rejoined unit from hospital.

14/2/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 56880 lb rtns. Temp. B. 58. F. 56. W. 104. M. 54.

[Page 56]
2 men proceeded on leave to U.K. and 1 rejoined from hospital.

15/2/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 41640 lb rations. Temp. B. 48. F. 52. W. 106. M. 46.

16/2/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 36920 lb rations. Temp. B. 44. F. 47. W. 108. M.40. 1 man rejoined unit from leave to U.K.

17/2/18.
43 N.C.O’s and men baked 29860 lb rations. 1 rejoined unit from hospital.

18/2/18.
1 N.C.O reported invalided to England to hospital, and struck off strength. 64 N.C.O’s and men baked 38340 lb rations. Temp. B. 40. F. 40. W. 110. M. 38.

19/2/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 38080 lb rations. Temp. B. 40. F. 38. W. 114 to 110. M. 36.

20/2/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 39200 lb rations. Temp. B. 44. F. 38. W. 110. M. 37. Two proceeded on leave to U.K.

21/2/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 39960 lb rations. Temp. B. 50. F. 40. W. 108 to 102. M. 42. 2 rejoined unit from leave.

[Page 57]
22/2/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 41290 lb rations. Temp. B. 50. F. 44. W. 110 to 106. M. 44.

23/2/18
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 39040 lb rations. Temp. B. 52. F. 48. W. 110 to 104. M. 45. 1 man evacuated to hospital (Sick)

24/2/18.
43 N.C.O’s and men baked 27840 lb rations. Temp. B. 50. F. 46. W. 110 to 106. M. 43. 1 rejoined unit from hospital.

25/2/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 42240 lb rations. Temp. B. 52. F. 46. W. 108 to 104. M. 45. 2 men evacuated to hospital, 1 rejoined from hospital.

26/2/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men 45440 lb rations. Temp. B. 48. F. 46. W. 110 to 106. M. 42.

27/2/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 45540 lb rations. Temp. B. 46. F. 47. W. 108 to 104. M. 41. 1 rejoined unit from hospital.

28/2/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 44180 lb rations. Temp. B. 43. F. 45. W. 110 to 106. M. 40.

Notes. For the month of February 1918 the discipline maintained was very good, not one case of an

[Page 58]
offence being recorded. The amount of sickness was small; the total number of cases reporting sick was 16 including 1 who reported 4 days in succession and another 2 days in succession. 6 were admitted to Hpl, 1 with slight fracture of left radius, 1 "V" and 4 with tonsilitis, influenza etc..

[Page 59]
March 1st 1918.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 42,260 lb rations. Temperatures at 7a.m in Bakehouse. 49 Deg. Fah! Flour 46. Water 110 to 106. Mean 44. 1 man rejoined unit from hospital; 2 men proceeded on leave to U.K.

2/3/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 46,000 lb rations. Temp. Bakehouse 50. Fl. 46. W. 110 to 106. Mean. 44.

3/3/18.
43 N.C.O’s and men baked 31, 340 lb rations. 1 man rejoined unit from hospital.

4/3/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 40640 lb rtns. Temp. Bkse: 42. Fl. 48. W. 110 to 106. M. 43.

5/3/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 46,020 lb rations. Temp. Bkse. 42. Fl. 46. W. 112 to 110. M. 37.

6/3/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 46,240 lb rations. Temp. Bkse. 50. Fl. 46. W. 112 to 100. M. 46.

7/3/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 41,600 lb rations. Temp Bkse. 48. Fl. 47. W. 112 to 110. M. 45.

8/3/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 38,900. Temp B. 48. F. 48. W. 112 to 110. M. 46.

[Page 60]
9/3/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 38,980 lb rations. Temp. B. 46. Fl. 47. W 114 to 110. M. 44. 2 men rejoined unit from leave.

10/3/18.
43 N.C.O’s and men baked 27,090 lb rations.

11/3/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 40,820 lb rations.

12/3/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 42,240 lb rations. Temp. B. 54. Fl. 56. W. 110 to 106. M. 50. Captain J.H. Pye proceeded to England for Course of Instruction in Machine Bakeries.

13/3/18
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 41,446 lb rations. Temp. B. 54. Fl. 54. W. 110 to 106. M. 50.

14/3/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 41.250 lb rations. Temp. B. 56. Fl. 54. W. 110 to 102. M. 52.

15/3/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 46,080 lb rations. Temp. B. 55. Fl. 54. W. 110 to 106. M. 53. 2 men evac to hospital (sick).

16/3/18
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 44,180 lb rations. Temp. B. 56. Fl. 54. W. 108 to 102. M. 53.

17/3/18.
43 N.C.O’s and men baked 27, 840 lb rations.

[Page 61]
18/3/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 47,400 lb rations. Temp. B. 60. F. 58. W. 110 to 102. M. 55. As the Unit’s equipment was not in use, and on inspection of same it was found to be deteriorating as a result of storage, authority was obtained for its removal from the Equipment Store (D.Q R), No 2 B.I.D to the Receipts Depot, A.O.D. This was done, and it was thereby returned to A.O.D., and receipt obtained.

19/3/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 47,160 lb rations. Temp. B. 55. F. 58. W. 106 to 102. M. 50.

20/3/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 41,960 lb rations. Temp. B. 55. F. 56. W. 108 to 102. M. 51. 1 man evacuated to hospital (sick).

21/3/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 42,880 lb rations. Temp. B. 58. F. 56. W. 106 to 102. M. 53.

22/3/18
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 39,460 lb rations. Temp. B. 50. F. 52. W. 110 to 104. M. 45

23/3/18.
64 N.C.O’s and men baked 37,140 lb rations. Temp. B. 50. F. 50. W. 110 to 104. M. 44. 1 man rejoined unit from hospital.

[Page 62]
24/3/18.
43 N.C.O’s and men baked 37,120 lb rations.

25/3/18.
43 N.C.O’s and men baked 23,980 lb rations. Temp. B. 52. F. 49. W. 106 to 102. M. 46. 1 man rejoined unit from hospital.

26/3/18.
No baking done by Unit. Route march and foot drill and remainder detailed for general Camp fatigues.

27/3/18.
1 man rejoined unit from hospital. Same as 26th. Nothing further to report.

28/3/18.
22 N.C.O’s and men baked 15,360 lb rations, the remainder of personnel were taken for a route march, and some detailed for general Camp fatigues.

29/3/18
43 N.C.O’s and men baked 30,720 lb rations. Temp. B. 53. Fl. 48. W. 106 to 102. M. 48.

30/3/18
22 N.C.O’s and men baked 19,200 lb rations. 1 man evacuated to hospital (sick).

31/3/18.
22 N.C.O’s and men baked 19,680 lb rations. 1 man rejoined unit from leave to U.K. Strength. 90 Other ranks, not including 2 in hospital, 1 P.B. personnel (attachee) in hospital.

[Page 63]
Notes.
All temperatures recorded were taken at 7.a.m. Owing to the issue of bread from about the 25th to the 31st March falling considerably, several shifts did no baking. Such as on the 26th & 27th: 3 shifts, the 28th. 2 shifts, 29th. 1 shift : 30th 2 shifts, 31st. 1 shift. The personnel of those shifts were detailed for general camp and bakehouse fatigues, and those not thus detailed for duty, were taken for route marches and foot drill.
Vaccination.
As a result of cases of smallpox having occurred in Rouen, orders (i.e. B.R.O. No. 3336 d/d 20/3/18), were received for a systematic inspection of all ranks of the Unit. This order was complied with, and those who did bear satisfactory marks of Vaccination were re-vaccinated without delay.
Offences, etc.
During the month of March, the discipline maintained was very good; not one case of an offence being recorded.

[Page 64]
Sickness, Injuries etc,
22 cases reported to the Medical Officer during the month, of which was one who reported 4 times, two on 3 occasions, and four on two occasions. The total number of cases were 11 sick, 7 slight injuries, such as cuts, burns etc, and 4 dental trouble. 4 were admitted to hospital.

[Page 65]
April 1st 1918.
39 N.C.O’s and men baked 32,000 lb rations. Temperatures taken at 7 a.m. in Bakehouse where dough "prooves" 51 Deg. Fah. Flour 48. Water used for dough making 110 to 106. outside the bakehouse 47 Deg.
In addition to the number of personnel shown above (5) five members of the W.A.A.C were detailed with each shift. (4) four of these girls did duty in the breadstore packing bread. Although they did no part in the actual production of bread, they relieved two (2) men who ordinarily would have been counted in the actual number of men working in section. The remaining girl took the place of one man taking pieces of dough from the ‘moulding’ machine.
Owing to a large number of Imperial men being medically classified other than "A", it was found necessary to detail a certain number of Australians, approximately 15, varying from time to time, for duty in breadstore loading the trucks with bread. Each bag of bread weighs approx. 110 lbs, and the work is continuous

[Page 66]
and therefore laborious, and necessitating active, i.e. Class "A" personnel.

2/4/18.
39 N.C.O’s and men baked 34,040 lb rations. Temp at 7 a.m. Bkse, 55. Fl. 50 Water 106 to 102. Mean. 50. 1 man taken on strength from A.A.S.C. Reinf Depot ex Inv to England.

3/4/18.
58 N.C.O’s and men baked 51,320 lb rations. Temp. Bkse. 55. Fl. 50. W. 108 to 104. M. 49.

4/4/18
58 N.C.O’s and men baked 51,380 lb rations. Temp. Bkse. 55. Fl. 50. W. 108 to 104. M. 49.

5/4/18.
58 N.C.O’s and men baked 46,100 lb rations. Temp. Bkse. 57. Fl. 50. W. 106 to 102. M. 53.

6/4/18.
58 N.C.O’s and men baked 46,500 lb rations. Temp. B. 55. Fl. 48. W. 108 to 104. M. 52.

7/4/18.
Sunday. Change effected in shifts. The shift which worked from 2 pm to 10 pm on 6/4/18 did not start till 10 pm 7/4/18, and other shifts were put back 8 hours accordingly, thus effecting change in shifts.
39 N.C.O’s and men baked 31.040 lb rations.

[Page 67]
8/4/18.
58 N.C.O’s and men baked 42,780 lb rations. Temp. B. 54. F. 46. W. 110 to 106. M. 47.

9/4/18.
58 N.C.O’s and men baked 44,840 lb rations. Temp. B. 54. F. 46. W. 110 to 106. M. 47.

10/4/18.
58 N.C.O’s and men baked 36,680 lb rations. Temp. 55. F. 46. W. 110 to 106. M. 50

11/4/18.
58 N.C.O’s and men baked 34,560 lb rations. Temp. B. 53. F. 45. W. 112 to 108. M. 48.

12/4/18.
58 N.C.O’s and men baked 39.020 lb rations. Temp. B. 48. F. 44. W. 112 to 106. M. 44.

13/4/18.
58 N.C.O’s and men baked 34,240 lb rations. Temp. B. 48. F. 46. W. 110 to 104. M. 52.

14/4/18.
Sunday. Usual change effected in shifts. No work for 2 pm to 10 pm shift. 39 N.C.O’s and men baked 30,720 lb rations.

15/4/18.
58 N.C.O’s and men baked 44180 lb rations. Temp. 47. Fl. 46. W. 112 to 106. M. 43.

16/4/18.
58 N.C.O’s and men baked 42,520 lb rations. Temp. B. 48. Fl. 46. W. 112 to 106. M. 44.

17/4/18.
A new kind of flour locally called

[Page 68]
"Standard Maud" was used by itself. It was very coarse in grain and dark in colour, and when made into dough ‘prooved’ slightly quicker than pre-war flour. It will not stand as much ‘proof’ as the ordinary flour, which is accounted for by the lack of body. It requires a little more salt per sack to retard the fermentation in the trough. The amount of meal and other Commodities of like substance in its Composition help it to gather and retain the heat, thus necessitating the dough being set away at a slightly lower temperature. After being "divided" and ‘moulded’ to the required shape, the pieces of dough enlarge to the correct size slightly quicker than dough made from ordinary flour; therefore more careful handling is required so as to ensure that the dough has not too much "proof" before setting in the oven. The loaf produced is much darker in colour of course, but quite palatable, and otherwise satisfactory.
58 NCO’s and men baked 37,920 lb rations. Temp. B. 50. Fl. 46. W. 110 to 104. M. 47.

[Page 69]
18/4/18
58 N.C.O’s and men baked 36,800 lb rations. Temp. B. 53. Fl. 48. W. 108 to 104. M. 49.
Captain J.H. Pye O.C. Unit rejoined unit from Course of Instruction in Machine Bakeries in England. 18/4/18.
Fire alarms
Several orders have been received relative to the necessity of prevention of fires in huts, billets, camps etc., also instructions as to necessary action should any outbreak of fire occur. Accordingly, every day, 1 Corpl and 6 men are detailed to act as fire picquet, and fire orders have been posted in conspicuous places as to the action to be taken to quell any outbreak.

19/4/18.
58 N.C.O’s and men baked 31,820 lb rations. Temp. B. 46. Fl. 45. W. 110 to 106. M. 43.

20/4/18.
58 N.C.O’s and men baked 32,000 lb rations. Temp. B. 47. Fl. 45. W. 110 to 106. M. 44

21/4/18.
Sunday. usual change effected in shifts. No work done by 2 pm to 10 pm shift. 39 NCO’s and men baked 30,720 lb rations
2 men rejoined unit from A.A.S.C. Reinf. Depot, Rouen. Ex hospital, England.

[Page 70]
The Unit’s turn to provide men for fire picquet commenced today 1 Corp and 6 men were detailed for fire picquet in addition to ordinary duties, of course.

22/4/18.
58 N.C.O’s and men baked 44,120 lb rations. Temp. B. 47. Fl. 45. W. 112 to 104. M. 46.

23/4/18.
58 N.C.O’s and men baked 47,780 lb rations. Temp. B. 49. Fl. 45. W. 110 to 104. M. 47.

24/4/18.
58 N.C.O’s and men baked 46.620 lb rations. Temp. B. 51. Fl. 49. W. 108 to 100. M. 47. A consignment of white flour received by at the Bakery and was used by the Unit. The balance of the other kind referred to as "Standard flour" on the 17th Inst., was used by Imperial sections. The white flour as used now by unit is a good sample, and produces a very satisfactory article.

25/4/18.
20 N.C.Os and men, i.e. the 6 a.m. to 2 pm shift only worked on Anzac Day, and produced 16,000 lb rations. Just as the shift’s work was almost completed, one of the pipes of an oven which section was using

[Page 71]
exploded, Causing a part of the brickwork at the rear of the oven to be loosened slightly. The force of the explosion was considerable; a large portion of the fires being hurled violently out of the furnaces. Fortunately no person was in the immediate vicinity, so there was no injury to personnel. The probable cause of the mishap was due to a defective pipe, and not overheating of the oven as the heat registered was only 480 Deg. However, the damage done was slight, and was repaired immediately, and work with the particular oven was resumed next day.
Camp Social.
It being the Custom to Celebrate O the anniversary of Anzac Day, and this year, owing to the numerous restrictions as to bounds etc., as a result of small pox cases being discovered in Rouen, it was found impossible to carry out the usual programme of sports as held last year, as the sports ground was out of bounds to town troops; so an entertainment

[Page 72]
Committee was formed in the Camp for purpose of celebrating Anzac Day. This was done, and the evenings entertainment took the form of a social evening, participated in by members of the 4th & 5th A.I.F. bakeries, and members of the W.A.A.C. of the bakery, and a pleasant evening was spent by all.

1 man rejoined unit from hospital.

26/4/18.
39 N.C.O.’s and men baked 23,568 lb rations. Owing to a slight fall in the issue, the 10 pm to 6 a.m. shift did no baking.

27/4/18.
58 N.C.O’s and men baked 39,600 lb rations. 1 man rejoined unit from A.A.S.C. Reinf Depot. Ex Inv to Eng.

28/4/18.
39 N.C.O’s and men baked 23,240 lb rations Sunday. The usual change was effected in shifts, there being no work done by the 2 pm to 10 pm shift.

29/4/18.
Owing to the re-arrangement of duties in the bakehouse, and through the more consistent

[Page 73]
working of the "dough dividing" and moulding machines, the 4th & 5th A.I.F. Bakeries were amalgamated as far as bakehouse duties were concerned, and was allotted 1/3rd of the number of ovens of the bakery i.e. 8 ovens or 16 plates, each plates capacity being 160 2lb loaves. Previous to this date, as will have been noticed, 19 N.C.O’s and men comprised 1 shift, and with the addition of the Master Baker of the company, made a total of 58 for 3 shifts. This Section worked 4 ovens or eight plates, and used the Raine machinery for "dividing" and "moulding". The capacity of 4 ovens is 1280 loaves, and the dividing machine put this amount of dough through in about 25 minutes, So at the Raine speed the capacity of 8 ovens or 16 plates, i.e. 2560 loaves, would take about 50 minutes to divide and mould. Under the new arrangements, it is necessary to have a total of 30 N.C.O’s and men in each shift, and these men work 8 ovens or 16 plates, or 1/3rd of the bakery plant.

[Page 74]
For purpose of Comparison, 19 N.C.Os and men working 4 ovens, and taking a standard 8 hour shift’s work, i.e. 6 rounds baked off each oven, would produce 15,360 lb rations, whereas 30 N.C.O’s and men working 8 ovens could produce just double that amount with the personnel detailed as follows:-
1 S/S i/c Section
4 NCO’s (Corpls) working ovens and attending to fire of same.
4 men Assistants on ovens.
6 men feeding dividing and moulding machines, and taking off pieces from moulding machine and placing them on prooving racks
3 men throwing dough from trough to table, and slicing it into shape for dividing machine.
6 carrying bread to breadstore.
1 Corp 5 men making dough for succeeding shift. Total 30. The balance of those NCO’s and men of the Unit not detailed for bakehouse duties in Imperial Section were engaged on work in the breadstore loading bread into

[Page 75]
trucks for despatch, also on staff duties and general Camp fatigues. 91 N.C.O’s and men baked 69,930 lb rtns. Temp. B. 56. Fl. 50. W. 106 to 104. M. 52. 1 man sent to 14 day’s FP. No 2 for A.W.L offence.

30/4/18.
91 N.C.O’s and men baked 68,870 lb rtns. Temp. B. 54. Fl. 50. W. 108 to 104. M. 50
Strength of Unit 1 officer 93 other ranks not including 2 men in local hospitals, and 1 in Detn.
Discipline During the month of April there were 2 cases of offences, both A.W.L off pass.

[Page 76]
May 1st 1918.
90 N.C.o’s and men baked 65.900 lb rations. Temp. Bkse. 48. Fl. 50. W. 108 to 104. M. 44.

2/5/18.
90 N.C.O’s and men baked 53680 lb rations. Temp. Bkse. 54. Fl. 48. W. 106 to 102. M. 52.

3/5/18
60 N.C.O’s and men baked 38600 lb rations. Temp. Bkse. 58. Fl. 54. W. 104 to 100. M. 54. Owing to a slight fall in the issue, 1 shift i.e. 10 to 6 am. did no baking. (5) Five men evacuated to hospital.

4/5/18.
90 N.C.O’s and men baked 61380 lb rations. Temp. Bkse. 60. Fl. 54. W. 104 to 100. M. 54. 1 man evac to hospital and 1 rejoined from hospital.

5/5/18.
Sunday. Usual change effected in shifts. 3 men evacuated to hospital (Influenza and high temperature). 60 NCO’s and men baked 42,240 lb rations.

6/5/18.
90 N.C.O’s and men baked 69,040 lb rations. Temp. Bkse. 62. F 54. W. 104 to 100. M. 54. 1 man evacuated to hospital.

7/5/18.
90 N.C.O’s and men baked 69,120 lb rations. Temp. Bkse. 62. F 54. W. 104 to 100. M. 54. 1 man evacuated to hospital, and (9) nine men rejoined from hospital.

[Page 77]
8/5/18.
90 N.C.O’s and men baked 57 298 820 lb rations. Temp. Bkse. 60. F 54. W. 108 to 102. M. 56. 1 man rejoined unit from hospital. D.R.O. 568 of /8/5/18. Precaution against Smallpox. Appendix. 1.

9/5/18.
90 N.C.O’s and men baked 57,298 lb rations. Temp. Bkse. 60. F. 54. W. 108 to 102. M. 56. 1 man rejoined unit from hospital.

10/5/18.
60 N.C.O’s and men baked 44,160 lb rations. Temp. Bkse. 60. F 55. W. 106 to 102. M. 54. 1 man rejoined unit from hospital.

11/5/18.
90 N.C.O’s and men baked 66,160 lb rations. Temp. B. 60. F 53. W. 106 to 102. M. 54. 1 man rejoined unit from hospital.

12/5/18.
60 N.C.O’s and men baked 26,200 lb rations. Sunday. Two shifts only at work.

13/5/18.
90 N.C.O’s and men baked 46340 lb rations. Temp. B. 55. F. 52. W. 110 to 104. M. 50.

14/5/18.
90 N.C.O’s and men baked 54640 lb rations. Temp. B. 58. Fl. 54. W. 108 to 104. M. 53. 1 man rejoined unit from hospital.

15/5/18.
90 N.C.O’s and men baked 66240 lb rations.

[Page 78]
Temp. B. 62. F 58. W. 104 to 100. M. 56. 1 man rejoined unit from hospital.

16/5/18.
90 N.C.O’s and men baked 58710 lb rations. Temp. B. 70. Fl. 62. W. 104 to 100. M. 65. 1 NCO and 4 men rejoined unit from "Inv to Eng".

17/5/18.
90 N.C.O’s and men baked 53,400 lb rations. Temp. Bkse. 70. Fl 63. W. 104 to 100. M. 65. 1 man evacuated to hospital, 1 man rejoined unit from hospital. Fire alarm orders published to day, are added as an appendix.

18/5/18.
90 N.C.O’s and men baked 53,600 lb rations. Temp. B. 6 72. Fl. 65. W. 90 to 86. M. 68. 1 man proceeded on transfer to 55th Inf Bn Via Havre.
A consignment of mixed flour arrived today. rye, barley, and war-time flour which were all very dark in colour. Strict attention to the dough mixing was necessary. It was found impossible to make a loaf that would do any credit out of the former two brands. The rye flour is used usually for German black bread, and necessitates the use of sour dough ferments, and even then it is necessary to acquire a taste

[Page 79]
for it. The difficulty was got over by a mixture of 50 lbs to 510 lbs of A.S.C. White flour.
A site for a million ration bakery is being sought for in or around Rouen. Major Prior O.C. 1st Fld Bakery has been over a good many proposed sights. Today I went on the route to Pavilly and selected one place. The water Supply could be met here, but this site may present difficulties in haulage. It was as previously mentioned intended to build this bakery at Calais. Machinery and ovens have been on order for some time, and are now complete.

19/5/18.
Sunday. Usual change effected in shifts. No work done by the 2 pm to 10 pm shift. 61 N.C.O’s and men baked 40480 lb rations.

20/5/18.
90 N.C.O’s and men baked 65,872 lb rations. Temp. B. 72. Fl. 65. W. 94 to 86. M. 68.

21/5/18.
90 N.C.O’s and men baked 66080 lb rations. Temp. B. 73. Fl. 67. W. 94 to 86. M. 69. 2 men proceeded on transfer to 57th Inf Bn via Havre. 1 man rejoined unit from hospital. Ex No 1. F.P.

[Page 80]
22/5/18.
60 NCO’s and men baked 43,800 lb rations. Bkse. 72. F. 65. W. 94 to 86. M. 67. 1 man rejoined unit from Reinf Depot Ex "Inv to Eng".

23/5/18.
90 N.C.O’s and men baked 54880 lb rations. Bkse. 66. Fl. 55. W. 96 to 92. M. 60. 1 man evacuated to hospital (sick).

24/5/18.
90 NCO’s and men baked 54880 lb rations. Temp Bkse. 60. F. 65. W. 104 to 100. M. 55.

25/5/18.
90 NCO’s and men baked 66280 lb rations. Temp Bkse. 65. F. 62. W. 100 to 96. M. 60. 1 man proceeded to Havre on transfer to 5th Inf Bn. to report to O.C. I.B.D.

26/5/18.
Sunday. Usual change effected in shifts. No work done by 2pm to 10pm shift. 61 NCO’s and men baked 33,440 lb rations.

27/5/18.
90 N.CO’s and men 55,300 lb rations. Temp. B. 65. Fl. 60. W. 104 to 100. M. 60. Air raid alarm, Appendix No3.

28/5/18.
90 N.CO’s and men baked 55928 lb rations. Temp. B. 62. Fl 60. W. 104 to 100. M. 57.

29/5/18
90 NCO’s and men baked 56380 lb rations

[Page 81]
Temp. B. 62. Fl. 60. W. 104 to 102. M. 56. Air-raid alarm Darnebal and Gare du Nord, Ref Appendix No. 3.

30/5/18.
90 N.CO’s and men baked 55940 lb rations. Temp.’ 61 Bkse. Fl. 58. W. 104 to 100. M. 55. 1 man rejoined unit from hospital.

31-5-18.
90 NCO’s and men baked 56520 lb rations. Temp. Bkse. 65. F 58. W. 104 to 96. M. 60. Air raid alarm. Ref appendix 3.

Note All temperatures taken at 7a.m.

[Page 82]
June. 1st. 1918.
Strength 1 Officer 96 O. Ranks, not including 1 in local hospital and 1 attachee.
Owing to a re-arrangement of duties in the bakehouse, eight membes of the Q.M. A.A.C. were detailed for duty with each shift, and 26 NCO’s and men each shift, made a total of 78 men and 24 women. These worked "1 divider doughmixer and moulder", and eight ovens or sixteen plates, and produced 57,240 lb rations.

2/6/18.
Sunday. Air raid alarm 12.20 a.m. "All clear signal at 1.15 am. No machines were heard. 52 men and 16 women baked 32,960 lb rations.

3/6/18.
The G.O.C. A.I.F. general Birdwood, visited the Bakery, and inspected part of the Unit on the parade ground, and the remainder on duty in the Bakery. 78 men and 24 women baked 54,180 lb rations. An air raid alarm was sounded at 11.35p.m. and the work in the bakery was suspended for two hours. The "All clear" Signal was sounded at 1.30 a.m. 4/6/18. Luckily the temperature

[Page 83]
at this time was considerably colder than usual, therefore fermentation of the doughs in the troughs was retarded, and no inferious results were experienced through the delay.

4/6/18.
78 men and 24 women baked 56,240 lb rations. 1 man evacuated to hospital. (sick). As a shelter from air raids, a series of trenches were dug 5 feet deep and banked on both sides with sand bags, thus allowing ample room for a man to walk through without stooping. These were roofed with short pieces of firewood, and covered with sand bags.

5/6/18.
An air raid alarm was sounded at 8.30 a.m. No machines were seen or heard. The "All clear" Signal was sounded at 9.45 p a.m. 2 shifts, i.e. 52 men and 16 men baked 45,000 lb rations. The remaining shift were employed on making provision for shelter against air-raids.

6/6/18.
Both the 6 am to 2pm and the 2pm to 10pm shifts were detailed for duty, trenchmaking. The 10 to 6am shift baked 29,642 lb rations.

[Page 84]
7/6/18.
78 men and 24 women baked 81,940 lb rations. Temp. B. 64. F. 60. W. 102 to 96. O. 59.

8/6/18.
78 men and 24 women baked 83,140 lb rations. Temp. B. 65. F 60. W. 102 to 96. O.60

9/6/18
Sunday. There was no baking done by the 2pm to 10pm shift. 52 men and 16 women baked 33,380 lb rations.

10/6/18.
78 men and 24 women baked 66,360 lb rations. Temp. B. 60. Fl. 60. W. 104 to 100 Outside 55. 2 men proceeded to Havre Base Depot on transfer to the Infantry.

11/6/18.
78 men and 24 women baked 67,304 lb rations. T. B. 65. Fl. 60. W. 102 to 96. Outside 58. 2 men in hospital over 7 days were "struck off strength".

12/6/18.
78 men and 24 women baked 63,000 lb rations. Temp. B. 65. F 60. W. 102 to 96. O. 60.

13/6/18.
78 men and 24 women baked 55280 lb rations. Temp. B. 65. Fl. 60. W. 102 to 96. O.60.

14/6/18.
78 men and 24 women baked 55,480 lb rations. Temp. B. 65. Fl. 60. W. 102 to 96. O. 61.

[Page 85]
15/6/18.
78 men and 24 women baked 55,300 lb rations. Temp. B. 65. Fl. 58. W. 102 to 98. O. 58 1 man proceeded on leave to U.K.

16/6/18.
52 men and 16 women baked 29,540 lb rations. No work done by the 2 pm to 10 pm shift.

17/6/18.
A consignment of "Washburns Rye Flour brand 000, and Barley Flour- - "War Time" was received at the Bakery. It had a very bad colour, almost black; coarse and mealy, altogether a very bad sample. On experiment it was found that the proportion of it to use to obtain satisfactory results was 50 lbs to 2 sacks, i.e. 560 lbs, or slightly under 10 per cent, and even then its appearance in the loaf was most apparent. 78 men and 24 women baked 63,320 lb rations. Temp. B. 63. Fl. 58. W. 102 to 98. O. 65 56.

18/6/18.
A quantity of "Parisian" yeast was manufactured at the bakery, and used by itself in a straight dough. It gave very good results. It was not intended to adopt this style of yeast, but to be in a position to carry on should the supply of "D.C.L." yeast fail. 78 men and 24 women baked 66,740 lb rations.

[Page 86]
Temp. B. 65. Fl. 59. W. 102 to 98. Outside 58.

19/6/18.
78 men and 24 women baked 91,000 lb rations. Temp. B. 65. Fl. 59. W. 102 to 96. Outside 60. 1 man evacuated to hospital.

20/6/18.
78 men and 24 women baked 88,960 lb rations. Temp B. 65. Fl. 60. W. 102 to 96. O. 60.

21/6/18.
78 men and 24 women baked 86,240 lb rations. Temp. B. 65. F. 60. W. 102 to 96. O.60.

22/6/18.
78 men and 24 women baked 84,360 lb rations. Temp. B. 63. F. 58. W. 102 to 96. O.57.

23/6/18.
52 men and 16 women baked 41,000 lb rations. Sunday. No 2pm to 10pm shift working.

24/6/18.
78 men and 24 women baked 66,560 lb rations. Temp. B. 63. Fl. 58. W. 102 to 96. O. 55.

25/6/18.
78 men and 24 women baked 66,800 lb rations. Temp. B. 61. Fl. 56. W. 104 to 100. O. 54.

26/6/18
78 men and 24 women baked 66,560 lb rations. Temp. B. 61. Fl. 59. W. 104 to 100. O. 56. 1 man "taken on strength" from hospital.

27/6/18.
78 men and 24 women baked 66,560 lb rations. Temp. B. 61. F. 58. W. 104 to 100. O. 56.

[Page 87]
At 3p.m. a fire alarm drill was held. All N.CO’s and men not on duty were on parade, when all fire extinguishing appliances were tested.

28/6/18.
78 men and 24 women baked 67,840 lb rations. Temp. B. 62. Fl. 59. W. 104 to 96. Outside 58. 2 men evacuated to hospital. An air-raid alarm was sounded at 11.30p.m. No machines were heard and apparently no damage was done. The "all clear" Signal was sounded at 1.15 a.m. 29/6/18

29/6/18.
78 men and 24 women baked 67,400 rations. Temp. Bkse. 63. F. 60. W. 104 to 96. O. 58. 1 man evacuated to hospital.

30/6/18.
52 men and 16 women baked 33,440 lb rations. Strength 1 Officer 90 O.R.s, not including 3 in hospital and 1 on leave (U.K.), and 1 attached B. man.

[Page 88]
1918 August.
Strength Thursday 1st, 1. O, 87 O Ranks not including 1 in Detn, 1 attached, 6 on leave & 1 in hosp. 1 man admitted to hosp. 78 men & 24 women baked 61,000 lb rations. Temp. Bkse. 60. Fl. 59. Wtr. 104 to 106 O-sde 56.
2.8.18.
78 men & 24 women baked 47,760 lb rations. Temp. Bkse. 63. Fl. 59. Wtr. 104 to 96 O-side. 58.
3.8.18.
78 men & 24 women baked 59,360 lb rations. Temp. Bkse. 62. Fl. 59. Wtr. 104 to 96. O-side. 56.
4.8.18.
Sunday 52 men & 16 women baked 21,800 lb rations.
5.8.18
78 men & 24 women baked 68,970 lb rations. Temp. B. 63. F. 60. Wtr. 104 to 96. O. 58. 1 man rejoined unit from leave.
6.8.18.
78 men & 24 women baked 68,800 lb rations. Temp. B. 65. F. 60. Wtr. 100 to 94. O. 60. 1 man rejoined from F.P.
7.8.18.
78 men & 24 women baked 68,360 lb rations. Temp. B. 60. F. 62. Wtr. 102 to 94. O. 60. 2 men proceeded on leave.
8.8.18
78 men & 24 women baked 64,880 lb rations. Temp. B. 60. F. 60. Wtr. 100 to 96. O. 56.
9.8.18.
78 men & 24 women baked 53,760 lb rations. Temp. B. 78. Fl. 60. Wtr. 102 to 96. O 58.
10.8.18.
78 men & 24 women baked 54,400 lb rations. Temp. B. 63. Fl. 60. Wtr. 102 to 96. O. 58. 1 man evacuated to hospital.

[Page 89]
11.8.18.
Sunday. 52 men & 16 women baked 58 26,900 lb rations Temp. B. 65. F.l. 60. Wtr. 100 to 92. O.60. 1 man proceeded on leave. 1 man rejoined from leave. 1 man evacuated to hospital.
12.8.18.
78 men & 24 women baked 58,300 lb rations. Temp. B. 63. Fl. 60. Wtr. 100 to 92. O.60.
13.8.18.
78 men & 24 women baked 72,060 lb rations. Temp. B. 68. F. 60. Wtr. 96 to 100. O.60. 1 man rejoined from hospital. 1 man proceeded on leave. At about 10.50pm air-raid signals were sounded, & machines were heard distinctly at 11.55 pm. They were heard again, & after a strong barrage was put up which lasted till 12.30 A.M. the machines made off. They returned at 3.A.M. & circled around until driven off at 3.20 A.M. Several bombs were dropped in the city & suburbs. Considerable damage was done to more than 18 buildings, resulting in the death of 6 & many injured according to local reports.
14.8.18.
78 men & 24 women baked 65,660 lb rations Temp. B. 70 Fl. 65. Wtr. 94 to 90 O.63. 1 man rejoined unit from leave.
15.8.18.
78 men & 24 women baked 58,820 lb rations Temp. B. 70. F. 64. Wtr. 94 to 90. O.90

[Page 90]
16.8.18.
78 men & 24 women baked 65,260 lb rations Temp. B. 68. Fl. 67. Wtr. 96 to 90 O.65. 1 man rejoined from hospital
17.8.18.
78 men & 24 women baked 69,660 rations Temp. B. 65. Fl. 65. Wtr. 100 to 90 O.63. 1 man proceeded on leave to France.
18.8.18.
Sunday. 52 men & 16 women baked 42,600 lb rations. 1 man proceeded on leave to U.K. Owing to the departure of many Imperial troops from this station & the arrival of the 1st A. F. Bky, the personnel of the 1st, 4th & 5th Fld. Bakeries were detailed for duty together irrespective of any bakery, therefore no accurate number of figures ar can be given as to the amount of bread baked by this unit as a whole.
19.8.18.
1 man proceeded on leave to Paris.
20.8.18.
1 man evacuated to hospital.
21.8.18
1 man rejoined from hospital.
22.8.18.
1 man rejoined from hospital.
23.8.18
Nothing to report.
24.8.18
Nothing to report.
25.8.18.
1 man rejoined from leave.
26.8.18.
2 men rejoined from leave.
27.8.18.
2 men rejoined from leave.
28.8.18.
Nothing to report.
29.8.18.
1 man rejoined unit from leave.

[Page 91]
30.8.18.
1 man rejoined frm leave.
31.8.18.
1 man rejoined unit from leave. Strength 1 officer 91 O Ranks, not including 1 attchd or 3 on leave.

From this date, owing to the amalgamation of the 1st, 3rd, 4th & 5th Bakeries as far as Bakery duties and administration is concerned, the diary of the Unit will be included in the one rendered by O/C Bakeries (Major Prior O/C 1st A.F. Bky).

[Page 92]
1.9.18
In rearrangement of Bakeries. The remaining men of British 6th, and 7th. Bakeries, were moved to Calais, and Le Havre. Major Donnelly who had been O/C Bakeries Rouen, since the evacuation of Mons was appointed O/C Bakeries Calais. Major Donnelly was a most efficient A.S.C. officer with 38 years regular service. He was very popular with the Australians. Officers & men

Major Miles O/C 2nd Australian Bakery had been O/C Bakeries Calais since the latter part of 16 untill coming to Rouen as O/C Bakery South in Sept 1918 to allow of transfer of Major Prior to relieve Major Donnelly.

Soon after the change of O/Cs at Bakeries north of Rouen changes in the working conditions were instituted and men were put on task work which proved very unsatisfactory. Men lost interest in their work and the quality of the Bread deteriorated. Crimes were of frequent occurrence, mostly what were termed Trade crimes. Viz. "Ovens too hot" thereby burning the crust of loaves. "Drawing Bread from ovens before being sufficiently baked". "Late for duty". Overweight and underweight. The C/O who had no technical training with bad tact endeavoured to rule by the book

[Page 93]
in marked contrast to our previous British O/C Major Donnelly who insisted on selecting men who knew their Job and contented himself in passing his opinion on the finished article.
Rouen Bakery North is now wholly Australian except the Carpenter and Tailor viz. 1st Field Bakery O/C Major Prior 3rd F. Bakery O/C Capt Nash (formerly at Calais) 4th. Field Bakery O/C Capt Isaachsen and 5th Field Bakery O/C Self. With the exception of a few visits by Planes and their vain efforts to drop their bombs on the Petrol supplies matters proceeded much as heretofore as far as number of rations baked. On 9th. Nov news had come through that our opponents were seeking an armistice and that the high command would give way providing the 14 points as laid down b y President Wilson were observed. From what could be heard in conversation from the French people around us They were averse. to accepting any terms or giving any conditions untill the Allies were across the Rhine.
At a few minutes past eleven oclock on the 11th Nov. Sirens sounded every bell in Rouen rang. This was first news we had that the Armistice had been agreed to.
The town was en fete and after raising the Australian Flag over Bakery Gate

[Page 94]
quite a number of the men absented themselves from duty and we had some difficulty in carrying on the work.
At this time the Bakery was working two eleven hour shifts by Major Priors order. The men on 2 P.M. shifts amount of work was considerably lessened enabling the shift to finish about 9 P.M.
The two shift system was most unsatisfactory. The first shift commenced duty at 3 a.m. whilst second shift were supposed to take up the work at 2 P.M. It often happened that the first shift through failure of Fermentation or other unavoidable causes had not completed the task allotted to them viz 7 rounds out and one round in ovens. Therefore second shift would have to stand by.
The system of two shifts had been worked previously. When I pointed out the advantage to Major Donnelly he said he was not a bit concerned how I worked the Bakery providing I got him the required amount of Bread. Under the three shift system the ovens were working full 24 hours consequently we were able to get out two more rounds viz two extra batches from each oven. Added to which the men got ample resting time and were much better fitted for the arduous duties. The Rations about this time were considerably lessened

[Page 95]
By this time viz Nov. most of the 1914 men had been evacuated to England for return to Australia and their places were being filled with new men from line units. I received my orders for 1914 leave which had been held up owing to my undertaking to see the War through.
I left Rouen on the 25th November and after two weeks in England. Embarked for Australia on 11th December
The voyage out to Australia abroad the Transport – Somali was pleasant from one point of view. Viz Sea air and rest but unfortunately I found the Boat carried a considerable number of men who had not been to France and were bad in discipline The crossing of the Bay of Biscay quietened them considerably for a few days as the Boat rolled a great deal.
At Freemantle we were hung up for five days owing to Influenza precautions Again at Adelaide we hung up for seven days. The conduct of men here almost amounted to mutiny owing to their being instigated by a Gunner who held a position in civil life which one would expect placed him above such conduct. We were allowed ashore at Adelaide for one day. The first shore leave since leaving England.

[Page 96]
The days leave was highly appreciated. It was found on reaching Melbourne impossible to enter Port owing to Fog. Boat anchored outside for a day. Leave was granted in Melbourne two days – Troops were disembarked at each Australian Port of Call. Final disembarkation in Sydney on the Feb 14th. With 4 years and 55 days service abroad in which I had 9 days leave.
Reported at at Randwick hospital on 17th. February. The first time I had occasion to see a medical officer since leaving Aussie Was declared fit. Reported thence to Staff Officer Victoria Barracks and was granted leave to the 15th April and. termination of appointment Afterwards signing on as a Reserve.

[Page 97]
I enlisted on 3rd December 1914 going into Warren Camp at once. The Units in this Camp were 6th and 7th Light Horse Train Railway Detachment & New South Wales quota of 1st Australian Field Bakery 13th A.A.S.C. Lieut Col McMorland C/O. Lieut E. Milne Railway Detachment – Captain Thomas Parker-Cleeve, Lieut. Sherring Smith
The Camp was on a fine site in a Building that had previously been a Convent of Carmelite Nuns The discipline was splendid and Troops a fine body of men. I retain many happy recollections of life in the Warren. Men had plenty of liberty and never abused it. The officers knew their Job. On Thursday 17th Dec Bakery troops marched out to join the unit which was mobilising in Broadmeadows Camp. I was somewhat annoyed as I had formed an idea that I would be able to get a transfer to one of the Transport units. I retain a vivid recollection of my first day in Warren Camp. Sgt Major A. Gordon had instructed me where to pitch my Tents. Neither I nor my mates had ever seen a Tent pitched by troops. However the order was to put them up so we went to work and in a short space of time had them erected. I had been put in charge of the men and felt highly pleased until the C/O appeared on the scene. Have you ever erected tents before he demanded. No Sir said I with some pride

[Page 98]
quite certain he was going to compliment me. Have them all down said the Col. and in future don’t erect your Tent with air from Horse lines blowing in the door. Now thats just what I had thought of and avoided. However the S.M had warned me, "Never argue with him" so down came the Tents – Face your tents thus and keep them strictly in line said C/O (Making lines on the ground with his stick) and now let me see how quickly you can get them up, and off he went. With a great deal of grumbling from my raw troops we got the Tents up and strictly in line. Just as I had made my final scrutiny C/O appeared. Umph he grunted I see you got them up smartly but they are altogether wrong – "Pull them down again and face them thus" (showing direction with that wretched stick. Now this meant they would be in same position as I had first erected them. However "Don’t argue" was whispering in my ear, when he turned on his heel and moved off. I used some of my best Australian so did the other men. Down came the tents and up again in the same position as we first erected them. The C/O was pacing about the grounds and seemed to have forgotten us. After waiting an hour I respectfully approached him with my best salute. I see you have finished and made a good Job of it, said C/O. Get you men settled in, and I hope you will make your lines

[Page 99]
a credit to the camp. The Bakery Unit were the only Unit in Tents. The remaining Troops being quartered in the Convent Building. Next morning my name appeared in orders Promoted to Sergeant.
It then dawned on me – The C/O was testing me. A week after I was promoted, Warrant Officer. The men comprising N.S.W. Bakery quota were selected by me with four exceptions and in the years, after I never regretted the selections I made.
The N.S.W men marched into Broadmeadows Camp on afternoon of 18th Dec (accompanied by [indecipherable] G. Boss) fully equiped. It had previously been raining and the mud was awful. One sank down over Boot tops. The arrangements for Cooking were bad – The Rationing of troops carried out in a lax manner. The Ordanance Stores were in chaotic state. Discipline non existant. A hearty ‘thank God’ sounded through the lines when the order came to move out.
The Bakery – 13 A.A.S.C marched out of Broadmeadows camp on morning of 22nd Dec Numbering 1 Officer 96 men Thus carrying our 5% first reinforcements. A quota from Western Australia had not arrived and they were replaced by men from reinforcement detail camp at Broadmeadows. Bakery Troop embarked on H.M.T. Berrima and soon settled down

[Page 100]
First port of call was Albany but no troops were allowed ashore. From here 1 man was sent back to Melbourne for medical reasons. Next Port of call was Colombo. The order was No Troops to land but quite a number broke ship. (The line of Ships in this convoy were a fine sight. Towing the submarine AE11 the Berrima always seemed to be secure from attack). Fortunately we were kept busy from 5.30 A.M.untill 5.30 P.M. which kept our minds from wandering homewards. 5.30 AM Reveille Clear Decks – Fold Hammocks and fall in at 6.30. Physical exercise until 7-15 Breakfast 7-30 – Fall in 9 A.M. Training, Rifle, Lectures etc to 12 Dinner 12.30 – Fall in 2 P.M. Training to 4.30. Tea 5 P.M. Many of the men availed themselves of classes for N.C.Os and French lessons at night. Passing through the Suez Canal men had their first experience of War. The Turks had made an attempt on the Canal and shells were dropped into Bitter Lakes soon after our Boat had pulled out. Men were posted round the ship in case of an attack. The feeling on Board was a hope of a scrap. We reached Alexandria without further mishap and our hopes unfulfilled on 1st. Febuary and disembarked for Abbassia per train on 2nd. February 1915. The first night spent in Camp was bitter cold and as we were without blankets we felt it severley.

[Page 101]
Our Tents and Blankets arrived next day and we were allotted a site and pitched our Camp. and as we were on the outskirts of camp well removed from Horse lines and attendant fly nuisance we were lucky. Abbassia Barracks was situated about quarter of a mile away and were quartered by Imperial Troops amongst whom we met many friends who were destined to fight shoulder to shoulder with us later. and a splendid stamp of men they were – Their messes were always open to Australian N.C.Os.
Our time at Abbassia was occupied in hard training, and a full education in use of Rifle. On 28th. Febuary Two section were marched out of Abbassia accompanied by our Officer to embark for Lemnos – 1 officer 32 men. The Bakery Unit was in sections representing States as far as possible.
New South Wales 2 Sections Queensland 1 Section South Australia 1 Section Victoria 1 Sect Tasmania 1 Section. New South Wales was the only Unit who had selected skilled men. It was found when operations commenced that some of N.C.Os knew nothing of the technical side of trade and were therefore a hinderance. None of these were from N.S.W. After our officer had left I took charge of the four remaining sections. Some were detailed for Horse line Fatigues some with

[Page 102]
Supplies remainder continued Training. In March the Camp was moved to Zeitoun and there we found ample work without much training. However I persisted in them having a certain amount of Foot drill and Musketry. When first wounded arrived from Gallopoli I detailed a squad as Stretcher Bearers and orderleys at Heliopolis Hospital. Whilst at Zeitoun the Western Australia Quota of five men arrived from Australia and as we were short of men I put in a claim to headquarters and they were transferred to Bakery from Infantry reinforcements.
On 20 May 1915 orders were recieved to prepare to prepare for embarkation For Dardenelles on 22nd May. When 13th A.A.S.C. arrived in Egypt It was found that no Bakery equipment had been sent. The O/C had made a fruitless endeavour to get equipment through Abbassia headquarters and when he recieved orders on 28 Febuary. It was a rush round to beg, steal, or borrow troughs for making Dough and ovens to bake it. After a search in Cairo, a few ovens which had been discarded by Imperial Bakeries at Abbitors were procured but had to be signed for. (Tommy keeps a strict account of his issues. I always kept that in mind in the years after and it proved very useful. My books I determined would show a full account of invoice Receipts and disbursements)

[Page 103]
It fell to my lot to procure the full equipment after our O/C had gone and my difficulties cannot be imagined. I was supposed to make all applications through the Camp Adjutant. The only way one could describe him is "Impossible" After about a months trying I decided to take matters into my own hands. Accordingly I went to Cairo Headquarters and saw Col Knox and explained to him that we were useless at that time if we should be asked to turn out Bread. Apologised for breaking regulations by coming to him. There was no necessity however as he said I had taken the sensible course. I got orders to get my ovens made in Cairo with an English Firm (Chiltern and Boys) and they proved to be the best ovens I saw. I also got Bread Boxes mad by same people. The Imperial Bakery men thought they were useless, but they proved afterwards the best investment we could have made.
Marching out of Zeictoun on night of 21st May we reached Alexandria about 10 P.M. and camped on Railway Station for the night. Embarking on board the Transport Derflinger (a captured German Boat.)
On arrival at Lemnos we anchored in Mudros Bay for the night and following day we disembarked after cleaning up Ship. Here we linked up with the two sections that had preceeded us. Lemnos Island was a pretty sight to us covered in Poppies. Such a

[Page 104]
contrast after the everlasting sand of Egypt. The three days spent on Lemnos were busy ones. The Bakery had been situated close to French Bakery a quarter of a mile from Mudros Bay. It was decided to move the Supply depot nearer to save transport. Accordingly ovens were moved and a party under a Sergeant detailed to bake Bread for Hospitals. The Bakery embarked aboard a Trawler and we had quite an exciting trip up to Imbros Island. The Skipper was on his first trip in those waters and when something came up a short distance off, a shout went up of Submarine. That old Boat screwed about in all directions for a time until we could hear a hoarse voice swearing royally, quite close to us, and in the very dim light we could see the outline of another Boat. Shortly after we narrowly missed the mines. One officer aboard an Imperial Major who was going to Anzac, and had come up from Alexandria with us had been asleep. (He never seemed to be without his eyeglass) I woke him and told him our Boat might be blown up. Thinking he would get the wind up I waited. He calmly adjusted that Eye Glass; looked at me a moment and said "Damitall, I suppose we shall get wet then". I shall always judge a man with an Eye Glass in future when I know him well.

[Page 105]
When our Boat arrived at Kepholas beach we found she had grounded 200 yards from shore. How to unship the Equipment (20 ton or more) looked a puzzle. With Flags we signalled the navy. Their answer was anchor. We were Thirsty and hungry so decided to swim ashore where we discerned a Greek pulling Boat which we promptly took possession of. There was no oars. We got ropes hitched to a Rock ashore and pulled the boat backwards and forwards full of Stores and equipment. Anything that would float was thrown overboard, and the men pushed them ashore. When we lay down late at night we could have slept on needles.
Next morning whilst we were humping the Equipment sans Cart sans horse, a brightly dressed Staff Officer arrived and enquired how soon would we be able to supply the Troops with Bread. "About 24 hours said I." That statement I regretted. When I told our officer, He said you will want to get very busy. He too thought it practical. We did get some hustle on and in three days time turned out our first bread. It was much sooner than was ever expected consequently there was no Boat suitable to take it onto Gallopoli. We kept at work for 16 hours per day knowing that the fellows in the line had been since April 24th. on Biscuit. We even decided that

[Page 106]
no Bread Ration would be consumed by Bakery men until Bread reached Anzac. A month later the 11th. 41st. 50th. 10th. 40th. British Field Bakeries arrived in order as set down. The 13th A.A.S.C. had been baking up to 30000 lb per day and the relief was welcomed. None of the British Bakeries would attempt more than 22,000 even when fully manned. Troops were now as thick as flies on Gallipoli and they had to be supplied with Bread. The 9th A.A.S.C. were also camped on Imbros and were working the supply Ship. After Bread was Baked and cooled and put in sacks a loading party was detailed from 13 A.A.S.C. They transported it to Beach and loaded it on a Barge from whence it was loaded on to supply Ship which conveyed it to a position opposite Anzac Cove where it was again dumped into a Barge and a Pinnace too Barge ashore. The supply ship men were marks at all times after Ship reached Anzac. One can imagine the care necessary to make a palatable Loaf and in a condition to withstand such handling without being a mass of crumbs. I remember once an officer undertook to take the role of Transport director but when he came up against the Navy he very quietly crept away back to Headquarters. It was on Imbros Island that 11th. Division Imperial concentrated for the attack on Suvla Bay

[Page 107]
a fine sturdy lot of Troops. Though the were badly officered according to N.C.Os accounts and they can mostly be taken as near the mark. The stream of Sick and wounded that streamed back to 25th Casualty Clearing Hospital looked like a broken division returning. The description of the attack by those who were in it fully bore out what the N.C.Os previously mentioned told us. The part that worried us most was the slaughter of our countrymen, among whom were my blood relations.
The Hun Planes were continually visiting us. One shell which happened to be a Dud fell a few feet from our ovens. Lucky 13
We had some exciting experiences and saw a couple of air battles The Bosche being a victor on each occasion. A shower of Arrows from a Bosche Plane dropped round Sir Ian Hamiltons Headquarters and Samsons orderly stopped one dying shortly after.
The Hangar opposite Gaba Tepe in which the Air Ship, which was christened Silver Queen was supposed to be sheltered was an object the Bosche was anxious to wreck, and eventually succeeded But the Airship was not there. The month of November was very trying. Snow covered the ground and wind was fierce day and night. Equinoxal Gales. One night in a gale Shipping was blown up and scattered all along the Beach. We got a number of Photos of the scene

[Page 108]
Just about this time General Birdwood moved his quarters to a position near what had been the outskirts of the British Camp. Towards the end of November 13 A.A.S.C. were ordered to move to a higher position and we had just arranged one new Camp and put down new ovens when we got one order to be prepared for another move. On the 19th. Dec. our final orders came about 5-30P.M. 50th. Imperial Bakery & 13th. A.A.S.C. will embark on ship at 6.30. There was some rushing round then. We embarked aboard the "Spey" but did not get away untill about 2 A.M. Got safely down to Lemnos Island where we stood off shore awaiting orders late in afternoon. Order arrived 13 A.A.S.C. will disembark at Sapia. Having no Officer I reported to British Supply Officer. who told me to settle down anywhere for the night and He would find a site to pitch my ovens on the following morning. We did select a site the following morning, but later received orders not to erect ovens. I was instead to detail my men for duty with 13th. and 10th. British Bakeries. On 24th. Dec I went to Hospital to see a friend, by whom I was introduced to the Matron. This lady had a request to make. She was so anxious to prepare something special for Xmas. Could I help her. I had

[Page 109]
only spoken to one Australian woman a Red Cross lady in Cairo once since leaving home. So the Matron had an easy task to persuade me to do almost anything.
I put down three ovens. Picked out any lush Pastry hands. Collected what stories I could from Q.M. Hospital. Currants, Sultanas & Baking Powder, Eggs. What the Q.M. couldn’t give us "we got". My boys worked all night as hard as they could lick. Next morning Matron said "How lovely" but what shall I do with it all. I went over for Xmas Dinner in the N.C.O’s mess at hospital and was informed that there was not an ounce of it in Camp. I spent a very happy evening there. Best since I had left home on 28th Dec. We were getting another hustle on. Embarking for Egypt, where we arrived aboard the "Tiensun" on the 2nd June 1916 after an exciting passage. Everyone I think saw the submarines but me. Port of disembarkation was Alexandria and we entrained for Tel-el-Kebir where we arrived on 3rd. June, and made our Bed on the sand. Next day we were given ground to pitch our tents and settle down. The following morning a Staff Officer appeared on the scene
Break
Just before we left Sapia an officer was put in charge of 13 A.A.S.C. as we had been without an officer since the end of Sept. Although we carried out the whole of

[Page 110]
Organization of Bread Supplies. Accounts Receipts and issues for all Bakeries. British and Australian. I had decided to use an old Australian recipe for Yeast in view of the fact, That the supplies had only Potatoes to draw on. When British Bakeries arrived the master Baker of 11th. who had 20 years service was determined to use his own recipe regardless of the splendid results we achieved. His effort was a complete failure and 26000 rations were condemned. After that instructions were issued that Yeast supplies would be controlled by 13th. A.A.S.C. We were fortunate I suppose as not one Loaf was condemned baked under my instructions during the whole of my service. On one occasion the C/O an Imperial Officer told me I would sure get a D.C.M. as Headquarters had given definite instructions the Australian Baked Bread "only" was to be supplied to Headquarters. I certainly thought on one occasion I would get a G.C.M. as I neglected during a shortage to supply Headquarters for two days. Our A.D.S. was a sport and made a joke of it. As a matter of fact our own Camp was on Biscuit at this time. Some of my charges had a large piece of the Devil in Them. Most of them I suppose, but when it came to a question of loyalty to their comrades in the line, they were very staunch.

[Page 111]
[Resume]
Troops were concentrating very quickly at Tel-El-Kebir and it was desired to get the Bakery at work as soon as possible. The Officer who had been placed in charge of 13th Refused to have anything to do with the working conditions, as he knew nothing of the trade and would only be a laughing stock for the men. (Those officers are exceedingly rare). A short time after he was transferred to a transport unit where he was a master hand. We lost no time getting our ovens erected and as there was plenty of Water in the Canal and ample waste straw and Reeds. We made some bricks: sun dried to build our Aldershots in with. It would have been interesting to know just how long ovens would wear under this method of building. When we pulled them down in June 6 months after. Although the iron work was burnt through, The brick covering was as firm as rock.
As soon as we commenced to turn out Bread, the whole Camp demanded to be served from Australian Bakery. The Bread previously had been supplied from British Bakery Zag-Zig and was of very inferior quality. We were only manned to produce 26000 rations when unit was at full strength which up to this time it never was. The 2nd Australian Bakery 19th. A.A.S.C. had

[Page 112]
arrived from Australia and were camped at Tel-El-Kebir. I asked British A.D.S. to send them up to our Bakery and I would work two shifts. This was done shortly after and we were then able to supply all Australian Units in Camp. The Flour supplied was all from hard wheat – mostly Canadian and with 25 years experience previous I never saw a more even or better quality of Bread. I often wonder if I was fortunate, considering reflections I have heard of caste on British Officers. (The supply depot at Tel-El-Kebir during my time there changed O/Cs three times, and each of them knew his job from A to Z.) My recollections of them will always be of the happiest. Two of them have "gone west". Five I have always kept in touch with. At Tel-El-Kebir I again came in touch with that "impossible" who had previously been at Abbassia and Zietoun. He was the most incompetent muddler possible to find. My opinion was supported by every officer who I spoke to on the subject. When Col. A took over command of the Camp all friction was wiped out. Stiff in discipline but a splendid administrator. On the 5th of March the O/C returned to his Unit after being away five months and I was very pleased to be able to hand over the Unit to him with such a clean and meritorious name.

[Page 113]
My Commission came through on 7th. March. This meant my leaving the 13th A.A.S.C. (as I was transferred to 5th. Divisional Bakery). They, 13.A.A.S.C were an excellent body of men and had never failed me once though many times up against it. In the Dardanelles campaign the unit was at one time reduced to 44 men through sickness and quite a number of them ill. Yet they stuck it and the same amount of Rations were baked each day. When we first commenced operations at Imbros, Water had to be carried half a mile in Camp Kettles and in the dark of night men would get near camp fall in a ditch and have to return. When you consider carrying sufficient water for sometimes 30,000 Rations, It is some task with vessels at our command, Besides our duties as Bakeries. At one time, we had to supply Goat meat for Indians Troops, Vegetables; what could be procured from Greek trading Boats or on the Island. Charcoal for Braziers, Wood and Flour all for Gallopoli. This all meant lessening staff for Bakery. At one time I decided to refuse the Commission and stick by my my Warrant Rank but other counsel prevailed and I parted from 13.A.A.S.C. on 7th. March 1916.

[Page 114]
7 March. 1916
There were now four Bakeries in Tel-El-Kebir all incomplete in personnel 1st 2nd 4th 5th. Strength was to be made up by transfers from other Units – 2nd. Bakery was first to receive marching orders for France and concentrated at Moascar. It was my duty to test the men as they came in and select drafts to complete each Bakery. Men who had a knowledge of trade were first selected 1st. and 2nd Bakery were fortunate as they secured first selected men when those two Bakeries moved overseas. I completed the 4th. Bakery personnel who remained at Tel-El-Kebir until May. As 5th was last Bakery to complete, They had to be content with any transfers that came along regardless of skill or other qualifications even then 5th. had not their full quota untill a few days previous to marching out owing solely to that "impossible" before mentioned. As we were from April to June baking for whole of Camp and at times baking up to 30000 Rations per day and our personnel incomplete the men were well tested for anything that might be required of them in future. They were a very willing lot of men and determined to see away out of any difficulty. Our results later proved the 5th.

[Page 115]
Feb. 1915
Bakeries in Egypt when Australians first arrived were at Suez – Alexandria – Cairo

The Bakery in Cairo was in the old Slave market, and consisted of six brick ovens which had been sufficient to supply the Garrison troops at Abbassia and Kas-re Nil Barracks previous to outbreak of War. After which a number of Aldershots were built. For a short time after we arrived in Egypt a number (30 to 40 men 13 A.A.S.C) were detailed for duty each day there
It was a gruesome place and the blood bespattered walls did not instil us with any great respect for the Egyptian rulers of the past Another bakery was at Bibbinluke. This Bakery had previously belonged to a German on one side of the block and an Italian on the other side – These were converted into one large Bakery. There were four different types of ovens here and had evidently been a very modern Bakery. The Bosche had fled hurriedly as his household furniture which was elaborate was left intact The Egyptian Bakers were still retained by military with of course a Sergeant Major and Corporal and four Privates to superintend. This Bakery was capable of turning out 250-000 rations per 24 hours. The Bakery at Alexandria was in Ras el-Tin

[Page 116]
Barracks with Brick ovens supplemented by Aldershots. Suez had Aldershots and also at one time quite a decent Brick Bakery – In 1916 when concentration of troops was at Tel-el Kebir a large Bakery was started at Zag Zig this was manned by Imperial Bakeries The O/C had previously been at Helles in the Dardanelles. The transport was effected to Ismalia and Ferry Post by railway which ran right into Bakery lines. This Bakery had also supplied Tel-el-Kebir until 13 A.A.S.C. began operations. The latter also supplied Serapium during the time 4th. Division was entrenched there The Yeast used by these Bakeries was local manufacture not suitable for the Army Bread though excellent for small Rolls such as was used by French & British residents of Egypt civil. The German Bakery taken over by Military at Bibbinluke was the only one similar to our large Bakeries that I saw in Egypt. Though with such a seething population there was big scope for a huge business from what I could gather the investment of capital by British or any white race in this business was at all times risky as the secret and sly Egyptian might work a boycott which can be made very effective and disastorous

[Page 117]
Army Bakeries
The Army Bakeries in France were at - Le Havre capable of producing 500,000 Rations per day. Aldershot Ovens no machinery ‘Imp’ Calais – capable of producing 700,000 Maximum. This Bakery when first started was in a big German Hangar previously used to store bulk cotton. It was manned by British Imperial Bakers under Major Cox later it was taken over by an Australian Officer Major Miles in latter part of 1916 and worked by Australian and, Imperial troops in 1918 a number of Americans commenced their first baking here. Aldershot Ovens Boulogne. Imperial Bakery capable of producing 500000 Rations. This Bakery had used Aldershot Ovens. After it was bombed with seven casualties Hunt and Collins Ovens were built and it was intended to fit it with machinery when Armistice was signed.
Etaples was a small Bakery manned by Canadians and Baking mainly for Hospitals Very compact and full machinery viz Dough Machine. Moulder. Divider & Prover. Melvin make.
Dieppe Bakery was capable of producing 500,000 Rations per day. It had previously been an Aldershot Bakery. All hand work. It was the first Bakery to get machinery, but failed to get it in working order untill some time later than Rouen. The Hunt and Collins Ovens

[Page 118]
were installed here and in working order at Rouen before any other Bakery in France There was at all times ample men here Dieppe and when the W.A.A.C. corps left Rouen, They also went to Dieppe. Though previously over 100 were employed there and were quite equal to men Rouen was capable of turning out 300,000 as before stated in Bakeries North and 100,000 in Bakery South.
It had been decided to build the 1000000 Rations per day Bakery at Calais, but the decision was revoked after Staff had seen how it suffered from planes, and other suggestions for sites were asked for. However the armistice saved us further trouble
The Bread for French Army was of a very dark colour. Flour was a mixture of cereals not at all palatable Their system of fermentation was Sour Dough process, and baked on oven bottom. Crust was hard and when stale was very tough
Frenchie used to say our Bread was like cake though before the War he knew what good rolls were. The civil population were not allowed to have rolls in 1918 and people did not seem to be upset about it. "Ce la Guerre".
At one time in Rouen we sold our sweeping viz Flour dust that had settled on the floor to a Paris firm who were paying at the rate of £30 per ton. It was supposed to be used for

[Page 119]
making Dog Biscuits. I saw much better Bread turned out of it than the civil Bakers could produce from their standard Flour. For some reason the sale was stopped, and the refuse stored. After some time a portion was sold locally for Pig feed. France like Egypt does not go in for large Bakeries. It was rather a funny sight to me when I seen three French man making a sack of Flour 280 lbs into Dough by hand, when one considers in Aussie one Baker will make as much as 1200 lbs without assistance. I saw the conditions in Egypt, several parts of France, Italy and England & Scotland and taking all things facilities etc, into consideration the Aust Baker as a workman comes out very much on top, as a tradesman and quick and powerful worker
The morning roll is mainly the breakfast in France, and naturally Bakers specialize in this class of Bread. At the same time I am convinced a commercial venture on a large scale manufacturing an article similar to Australia, with Aussie labour, would be a success. Machinery is not favoured in France to the extent that might be imagined. Though the lessons of the war may make a difference in many ways. I had a tempting offer made me to

[Page 120]
remain in France or return after a holiday in Australia, with the object quoted. As it was a wholly French combine I refused. London Bakeries of the future will no doubt be big concerns. The small man is being slowly but surely wiped out. It only needs a few slight improvements in machinery to completely wipe out competition of small Bakers. There is much can be said in favour from an economic view of the larger Bakeries and the government (under Geddes spur) were taking that larger view.
Brixton Bakery (cooperative) situate on Brixton Hill about 15 minutes from heart of London occupies 1/5 acre of ground including Garage  The labour saved by machinery was apparent contrasting North and South Bakeries at Rouen. The former with 4 Bakery Units 368 men were able to produce 300,000 R besides supplying Fatigues for loading Bread. Unshipping and stacking Flour: Camp fatigues, Police. Supply loading fatigues usually from 8 to 16 men, Yeast etc for Base Supply depot whilst Bakeries South were only able to supply Perkins Portable Ovens 50,000 Rations 2 Bakery Units 184 men even at that South men worked 11 hours against North 8 hours per shift

[Page 121]
By the adoption of like methods in France and Egypt in regard to Fermentation all heavier classes of Bread say 1 lb and over were always more or less sour and I was inclined to believe that people of both countries acquired a taste for it, but in conversation with the people I found such was not so. They much prefer the sweet loaf and I was somewhat amused to find that Civic Bakers in France thought we used a considerable quantity of Sugar. It will be found by Visitors, "maintenant les Guerre fine" that in Rouen at least Bread similar to our own us procurable. My opinion of the Greek Bakers I saw in Egypt was very unfavourable to them our health Inspectors would have their hands full there. It is well perhaps not to set down here the filthy surroundings and habits. Sufficient to say whilst in Dardanelles I had 60 Greeks on different fatigues in Supply Depot I would not allow them to handle any foodstuffs unless in cases. I was very pleased when they were replaced by Turks at my suggestion. The latter were splendid fellows and exceptionally clean. They had an awful loathing for the baggy Greek

[Page 122]
I was afforded an opportunity in March 1918 to visit Englands Bakeries with a dual object viz to study the methods in civil Bakeries and tender advice where necessary in Military Bakeries. The Bakeries in England I found to be slightly in advance of Australian methods of manufacture. Insomuch that larger Bakeries such as Lyons – Brixton Cooperative, Manchester Coop, Coop Glasgow, McFarland Laings Glasgow have installed the latest appliances – I saw the Gas heated Ovens automatic in Lyons and was impressed by it. In this Bakery they are continually on the alert to procure the latest labour saving appliances. The arrangements for packing and loading Bread are carried out on the principle of a maximum amount of labour at a minimum of cost
The smaller Bakeries (which are being slowly but surely absorbed by the large Businesses) are not on a par with small Bakeries in Australia. It would be unfair to make comparisons re the finished article as Bakers were using standard Flour. The quick process of Fermentation is in favour. D.C.L. (Distillers Company) Yeast is very popular and justly so. I have yet to see its equal. Most Bakers use a ferment, but equally good results can be obtained from straight Doughs with proper care and attention

[Page 123]
Appendix No 1. d/d 8/5/18. Precautions ag Smallpox
The following extract from Base Routine Order No 3482 d/d 7/5/18 is published for information.
"With reference to B.R.O. 3440 d/d 22/4/18, all ranks on leave or pass under sub-para (b) of that order from the 8th Inst. inclusive may enter theatres, cinemas, or other places of entertainment. The prohibition as regards visiting public baths still remains in force.

Appendix No 2. d/d 13/5/18. Accidental injuries
Daily Routine Order No. 590 d/ 13/5/18. Accidental Injuries.
Any W.O. or N.C.O or man who meets with an accident and thereby injures himself, whether he is on duty or not, will immediately report the matter in writing together with the names of any witnesses as follows:- If on duty, to the Senior WO or N.C.O. under whom he is employed. If off duty, to the R.S.U.
The W.O or NCO Concerned will then arrange for the individual to be medically attended to, and forward

[Page 124]
a report together with the man’s statement to the O.C. F. Bkies (P).
All cases are to be reported, whether trivial or serious; failure to comply with this order will be treated as a neglect of duty.

Appendix No 3. Ref Air raid Alarms.
27/5/18. At about midnight an air raid alarm was sounded and an enemy machine heard. Apparently no bombs were dropped and after much firing by the anti-aircraft guns, which period lasted about twenty minutes, the "all clear" signal was given.
28/5/18. At 9.25 a.m. report was received that hostile air craft were about. No machines were actually seen, although the anti-aircraft guns put up a barrage.
29/5/18. An enemy aeroplane of more passed over the City at about 12.10 a.m. and when above the Gare du Nord

[Page 125]
a couple of bombs were dropped; one causing a hole about 3 ft square in the roadway, and the concussion breaking many windows in the vicinity, while fragments from another caused the death of one person and injury to four others. The material damage was slight. Precautions for the safety of personnel of the bakery was immediately proceeded with. In the bakehouse a flour shelter consisting of stacks of flour roofed with iron girders, and covered with bags of flour was provided for numbers of the W.A.A.C. and orders stipulating that men were to take cover under the ovens.
(Ref attached Camp orders precautions against aircraft.)

31/5/18.
At 12.20 a.m. on the 1st June enemy aeroplanes were heard for a couple of minutes prior to the anti-aircraft guns opening fire. The firing continued with much vigour, and when the planes were over the Rue Verte Station or thereabouts, several bombs,

[Page 126]
estimated number 15, were dropped, resulting in the death of one person, and injury to some few others. The damage done was considerable.
For a distance of about 30 yds, the train line in the vicinity of Rue Verte was torn up, and a huge hole approximately 6 x 6 x 6 yds was made in the roadway. A couple of houses were completely wrecked and several others suffered injury. The raid lasted from 12.20am to 12.50am.

Precautions against aircraft
In addition to the instructions already issued, the following further orders should be rigidly observed:-
(1) Immediately the alarm is given, all personnel except the shift at work in the Bakehouse will take the nearest cover.
(2) The shift at work will at once stop

[Page 127]
the Dividing and Moulding machines. The Mixing machines can be allowed if required to run on until the power fails.
The walking foreman will send NCOs at once to make sure that the lights are switched off from the Bakehouse and Breadstore, and if shelling commences, he will also cut off the gas at the meter.
The women should take cover in the flour shelters, and the men under the ovens.
(3) Lights in Barrack rooms, etc, will be switched off by the occupants.
(4) The Fire picquet will remain under cover and be ready to act in case of fire.
(5) No person will expose himself in the open unless required to do so on duty.
(6) In addition to the Bakehouse, the following buildings can be used as shelters:- Bread store: Any empty spaces between the racks.
Dining Room: No 2 Compound.
1/6/18.

[Page 128]
Appendix No 1. 30/4/18. Forwarded with Diary for April 1918.
Report on machine Bakery Instruction in England.
Acting on instructions from O.C. No. 2 B.S.D. I proceeded to Boulogne, and reported to the O. i/c Supplies there, from whom I received orders to report to War Office. Major Mayhew, Director of Bakeries, instructed me to proceed to a number of Bakeries and machine factories with the object of seeing the different machine plants in operation; also construction of machinery and ovens for bakeries.
Brixton Co-operative, Brixton Hill, was first visited. The automatic plant is here in full operation. The firm’s men finish work at 3pm each day, when the plant is taken over by military bakers. The whole plant is duplicated, though only one plant is in use. The military output is small, viz. 40,000 rations per day, as compared with military bakeries in France, and in my opinion the full plant though capable of relieving a large number of men is not suitable

[Page 129]
for service in the field.
Joseph Bakers and Sons, Hythe Road, Willesden Junction, was next visited. A number of ‘dividing’ machines was under construction, and all fittings and parts was fully explained by the inventor, Mr Callow. There was also an overhead ‘proover’ nearly completed. Messrs Bakers representative took me to Lyons Bakery, Cadby Hall, where I was shewn over the works by the manager. This bakery is fully automatic, and very up to date as regards saving of man-power. A ‘Gas heated automatic oven’ was here seen and is worked successfully. There are also installed a number of drawplate and peel ovens. The advantage of having three floors to work from was here seen. On the top floor was the flour room and dough room fitted with mixers, second floor, dividers, third floor, moulder’s and ovens.
Perkins Machinery Works at Peterboro.
Here the ovens are built, also dough mixers for military bakeries.

[Page 130]
Some drawplate ovens were ready to be shipped to France for the Calais Bakery, while a number of others were in course of erection.
Patterns are made here and castings and fittings manufactured.
Northern Railway Bakery was next visited. The bakery is small, and but very compact and labour saving.
Aldershot Bakery was next visited. Herein drawplate ovens, dividers and moulders are installed on three floors.The breadstove is on the same floor as the ovens, and most of the work is done by girls (W.A.A.C). The latter in one portion of the bakery complete the process from scaling to breadstore, and the work is done by hand. This in case of a breakdown in power, the work could still be carried on by hand to a large extent. Maxm output. 180,000 rations.
Vis Vita Bakery, Caledonian Road, Holloway was next visited. This is a very large bakery; various types of ovens are installed: Hunts and Collins peel ovens, drawplate and brick ovens.

[Page 131]
The moulders and proovers are of quite a different pattern than was seen in any of the bakeries visited. The dough machines are drum shape, the same as at Rouen, but much larger, capable of mixing 4 and 6 sacks respectively. D.C.L yeast is used in all bakeries visited, though systems differ. In the ‘V.V’ Bakery, a "ferment" is made though double the quantity of yeast is used against Rouen quantity. Doughs are "proved" in 4 ½ hours, against 8 in Rouen. The class of bread produced in Rouen is much superior to any seen in England. Calais plant when completed will bake 500,000 rations per day, and should be as up to date as possible if carried into effect. The same may also be said of Boulogne.
Everything of value was noted for future use.

Base.
30/4/18.

[Page 132]
Appendix No 1 dated 3/2/18.
Details receipt and issue of clothing and necessaries for the period the Unit has been in France. Forwarded with Diary for Feby 1918.

Orders received on disembarkation at Marseilles on the 30th June 1916, stipulated that kit bags were to be left on board for return to Egypt. This was carried out. The personnel therefore disembarked carrying with them a change of underclothing only. The following is a list showing the quantities of clothing and necessaries which have been drawn from A.O.D., and quantity returned (surplus to requirements or unserviceable) and quantity remaining in store, since the Company arrived in France.
Shoes, Canvas
This article is authorised for use in the camp, to be worn after duty hours only.

[Page 133]
185 pairs have been drawn from A.O.D, and all issued, the second pair after the first pair had been worn out. Canvas shoes are expendible articles, and when worn out, are destroyed, as the worn out article is of no use to A.O.D. Each N.C.O and man has one pair in his possession.
Trousers, moleskins and drill, working.
This article is authorised for (issue) use in bakehouse and camp fatigues. 179 pairs have been drawn from A.O.D., and 79 pairs returned worn out, leaving 100 pairs in possession of men and in the kits of those evacuated to hospital, and15 pairs in Q.M. Store. One of this article was not in possession of men on arrival in the country.
Blankets
One blanket per man was brought on arrival in France. 289 have been drawn from A.O.D. and 92 returned to A.O.D.

[Page 134]
During the winter months a third blanket is authorised for issue to troops on the L of C, and as each N.C.O and man has this number, and the strength of the Unit is at present 84, there is 282 blankets in possession of the personnel; the remainder i.e. 37 is held in store for those in hospital, and in the possession of 4 "VD" patients in hospital, who on evacuation to hospital, always take their full kit and blankets.

Hats, felt, Australian Pattern.
94 have been drawn from A.O.D. and 8 returned unsuitable. Instead of accepting an old hat on being issued with a new article, authority has been obtained for each man to use his old hat in the bakehouse, in lieu of caps, "White, linen, Bakers." Therefore two hats are in possession of men, one for rough use, such as in the bakehouse or camp fatigues, and the other for out of camp use. 12 caps. SD have also been returned to A.O.D. (unserviceable).

[Page 135]
Boots, ankle.
226 pairs have been drawn from A.O.D., 132 pairs have been returned unserviceable. There are at present 20 pairs in the Q.M. Stores (serviceable and unserviceable). Under Routine order by Inspector General of Communications, No 177 d/d 1/10/16, and Base Routine Order No. 3097 d/d 4/12/17, a second pair is authorised for L of C Troops. Therefore it will be seen that the number drawn is more than accounted for by the second issue and those remaining in stock, but this fact is accounted for by some men being in possession of a pair of lighter boots, not obtained through military sources, and thereby not drawing the issues entitled.
Jackets. S.D.
108 have been drawn from A.O.D. 11 are in Q.M Store, the balance have been issued to replace those rendered

[Page 136]
unserviceable . When the new article has been issued, the old one has been allowed to be retained in most cases for the purpose of rough camp use and bakehouse duties, in lieu of "Jackets" bakers, white, woollen, with sleeves, Kersey".
Towels, hand.
64 have been drawn from A.O.D. and 78 returned unserviceable to A.O.D., which shews a larger number returned than has been drawn. This is explained by some men obtaining this article from other sources than issue.
Braid Russian
10 inches have been received from A.O.D. for issue to those entitled to wound distinction.
Braces
65 pairs have been drawn from A.O.D. and 57 pairs returned unserviceable, and 8 8 pairs in stock.

[Page 137]
Shirts, flannel, and Singlets, cotton.
228 of these articles have been drawn from A.O.D. and 150 pairs returned unserviceable to A.O.D. A double issue of these articles is authorised, therefore the number returned to A.O.D. unserviceable is more than it would be if each man had his full issue. In some cases, the shirts, flannel are not drawn, and in others, singlets are not required.
Jackets, Cardigan.
44 have been drawn from A.O.D. and 26 returned unserviceable. 26 have been issued to replace those unserviceable, and 18 issued to reinforcements who have "marched in" not having one in their possession.
Laces, prs, leather.
193 pairs have been drawn from A.O.D. (and all) to replace those rendered unserviceable.

[Page 138]
Gloves, worsted.
113 have been drawn from A.O.D. and have all been issued as a first supply.

Drawers, woollen.
201 pairs have been drawn from A.O.D. to replace those rendered unserviceable and 125 pairs have been returned to A.O.D. There are NIL on hand. The number drawn have been issued to personnel to replace those unserviceable, and to complete the Kits of those reinforcements who were in possession of only one pair when taken on strength.
Belts, waist, leather.
4 have been drawn from A.O.D. and issued to those reinforcements who were not in possession of one. For example, a man equipped with "Inf Patt" belt would have to be supplied with a belt, leather, to ensure uniformity of dress. All

[Page 139]
Infantry equipment is withdrawn from men and returned to A.O.D. as soon as possible.

Pantaloons, S.D
60 pairs have been drawn from A.O.D. and 14 pairs have been returned to A.O.D. unserviceable. 24 pairs are in stock, and 36 pairs have been issued to replace those rendered unserviceable for out of camp use, but the latter have been retained by the men for use in camp as a working pair.

Discs, identity, red and Green.
208 have been drawn and issued to personnel in accordance with A.I.F. Order. No 892 of 2/10/17.

Socks.
250 pairs have been drawn and issued to replace those rendered unserviceable, and 280 pairs have been returned to A.O.D. worn out. The larger number

[Page 140]
returned than drawn is accounted for by numerous men receiving socks, etc. privately, and thereby not drawing full issue.

Puttees
10 pairs have been drawn from A.O.D. and are held in stock for issue in lieu of leggings to men on evacuation to hospital, the leggings being returned to men on return to Unit. This procedure is adopted owing to leggings being unobtainable from A.O.D. and ensures uniformity of dress.

Waistcoats, woollen, "Kersey"
This is a special article authorised for issue to bakers during the winter. 97 have been drawn and issued as a first supply. No coats, "Kersey" have been drawn in view of the fact that men have been allowed to retain their worn out Jackets S.D. for bakehouse use.

Badges, "Long Service" and "A" Gallipoli
These articles have been drawn and issued in

[Page 141]
accordance with A.I.F. Order 470 and 1084 respectively. Quantity of L.S. Badges 3x3, 59x2, 33x1 and 18 sets of "A".

The articles enumerated are the total that have been drawn from A.O.D. for the period 1/7/16 to 31/1/18.
Under a Company Order each N.C.O. and man has handed his mess tin and water bottle into QM Store for safe keeping. These are not required by the men in camp, as plates and mugs, etc. are provided by camp equipment.
The clothing and equipment account is made up every month showing total number of articles received and issued and balance in store. Separate account is kept of kits of those "struck off strength" which is as follows:- The man’s kit is opened and the articles with the exception of personal belongings are taken on charge, but not included in the Ordnance Clothing and Equipment Ledger.

[Page 142]
Account of these articles is kept in a separate ledger. They are issued as second hand articles on receipt of a worn out one. This action ensures all articles being fully worn out before return to A.O.D. as unserviceable.
In addition to articles shewn as returned to A.O.D. (worn out) the following articles which have been brought into the Unit as part of reinforcements’ kits and necessaries have also been returned (Vide A.O.D. Issue and Receipt Vouchers No’s 1 to 16, copies of No’s 3 and 14 are attached).
Articles-Quantity-
Slugs, rifle.-34.-
Bandoliers.-38.-
Frogs, bayonet.-23.-
Dubbing tins.-1-
Tubes, Iodine.-11.-
Rifles.-34.-
Helmets, gas.-70.-
Carriers, gas helmet.-62.-
Goggles, tear shell.- 40-
Oil Cans, rifle.-25-
Ammunition rounds.-1992.-
Carriers, W.P.-31-

[Page 143]
Articles-Quantity-
Covers, Breech, rifle.-24.-
Carriers, G.C.-25.-
Haversacks, "Inf Patt"-2.-
Jerkins, leather.-13.-
Pouches, Ammunition-37.-
Packs, "Inf Patt"-3.-
Soap, Soft, drum.-1.-
Waterbottles, M.S.-29-
Carriers, W.B.-31-
Mess tins, D.S.-13.-
Covers, Mess tins-14.-
Haversacks, M.S.-20.-
Sheets, ground W.P.-36.-
Sacks, Jute.-30-
Covers, Canvas. G.H.-16.-
Cases, wood packing-5-
Brushes, soft hair-2-
Handles, brushes, S.Hair-2-
Caps, balaclava.-19.-
Belts, abdominal.-20-
Greatcoats, D.S.-5.-
Packing, Jute, yds-18.-
Brooms, soft hair.-5.-
Helmets, steel.-2.-
Buttons, coat.-57.-
Rings, button coat-30-

Rouen, 3/2/18.

[Page 144]
Appendix. No 1. d/d 2/2/18. with Diary for January 1918
Weekly Detail.
Strength. 1 Officer. 84. O.Ranks not including 6 in hospital, 1 on detached duty at A.B.P.O. London. 2 on leave to U.K., and 1 attached P.B. personnel in hospital.
The above is forwarded for information, shewing detail of duty to be performed by personnel. It will be noted that the doughmakers and section are shewn in shifts. The 6 am to 2 pm doughmakers make the dough which is to be baked off by the 2 pm to 10 pm shift, and the other shifts in like manner, thus allowing eight hours for "prooving". It will also be noted that the number of "details" is large if calculated for the strength of this bakery, but it must be borne in mind that the personnel in camp is about 600 (Imperial and Australian).

Enc: Weekly Detail for week commencing Feb. 3rd, 1918.

[Page 145]
Appendix. No 2 d/d 2/2/18 forwarded with Diary for Jany 1918.
W.A.A.C. Bakeresses
From 4/1/18 to 6/1/18 inclusive, the number of personnel on each shift was increased by 4 bakeresses, and on the 7th Inst., 6 bakeresses were detailed for duty for each shift.
These women were on duty in the bakehouse feeding the "Dividing" and "Moulding" machines, and have certainly relieved the men on such duties, but it is too soon to state whether they will be a success working in the Bakery, and it would not be advisable to hazard a definite judgement until the summer test is complete.
90 women have been allotted to this bakery, and are detailed as stated above.
Rouen.
2/2/18.

[Page 146]
Appendix No 13. d/d 31/12/17.
Details of rationing and accommodation.
Under the present system whereby meals are prepared and cooked by the adoption of diet sheets, the food issued to the personnel was varied and proved satisfactory by the Orderly Officer’s report, as well as reducing waste to a minimum.
During the festive season the ordinary rations were augmented by the kindness of the principals of the A.I.F. Comforts Funds who were good enough to despatch several cases of Xmas cheer to the Unit for distribution among the N.C.O’s and men.
The Y.M.C.A representative also forwarded a handsome leather wallet for each NCO and man as an Xmas gift, and with the good

[Page 147]
feeling that provided, I believe that the time spent this Xmas was thoroughly enjoyed by all, under the circumstances.

Accommodation.
At present the corporals and men are accommodated in "Alwyn huts" the dimensions of which are 21 ft by 7 ft, and 1 hut is allotted to 7 men during the winter months. The Sergeants are housed in a separate hut with Imperial N.C.O’s of equal rank, and the senior N.C.O’s are provided with a cubicle for two which is partitioned off from the ordinary hut. Each N.C.O and man has provided himself with an improvised bed; an arrangement which folds in the centre, and is

[Page 148]
laced with strong string or rope. This class of sleeping accommodation has proved satisfactory, in that it is sanitary and also more healthy than sleeping on the floor of the hut. This has been proved by the comparatively small amount of sickness which has prevailed at this time of the year, as during the month of December, only three men have been evacuated to hospital (sick) of which two cases were contracted through colds, etc., and the other through skin disease.

31/12/17.

[Page 149]
Appendix 12 d/d 1/12/17.
Process of preparing the dough for baking.
When the dough has "proved" sufficiently, which is usually about eight hours after the dough has been made, it is thrown out of the troughs on to conveniently sized tables, and cut into suitably shaped pieces and placed in the receptacle for that purpose on the "Dough Dividing Machine."
This machine turns out about 44 pieces of dough of the required size to the minute, or enough for 4 ovens of 2 plates each oven in about 30 minutes.
After passing through the "Divider", the pieces of dough fall on to a specially constructed piece of machinery called a "Conveyor" which carries the pieces of dough on to the "Moulding Machine", which

[Page 150]
gives the required shape.
The "Conveyor" as used here was made to this bakery’s order and acts in the place of elaborate "proovers" which are attached to many of this class of "Dough divider" in England. It is not considered necessary to install these "proovers" as the "Conveyor" acts equally as well.
About 20 minutes after the dough has passed through the moulding machine, during which time the dough has increased in size, owing to the formation of gas which has taken place, it is ready for baking.

Rouen
1/12/17.

[Page 151]
Appendix 11 d/d 1/12/17.
Comparison of types of ovens used by Unit
The type of ovens used by the Unit at present are : "Double-deck steampipe Ovens". Makers: Collins & Co.
During the period the Unit has been in existence, 4 types of ovens have been used, and a report on each may show the advantages and disadvantages of each.
The name of the oven used first is the "Aldershot" (Mark II) which is made up of two sections, two ends, one bottom, four bars, eight tins, and one peel, and when set up covers a space of 5 ft 1 in by 3 ft 6 inches.
Each oven holds 48 loaves or 96 rations. 60 of these ovens were used by this Unit in Egypt, built in one row with a space of about 10 ft between the 30th & 31st oven. For convenience of working the personnel were detailed into 5 sections, and 12 ovens were allotted to each section.

[Page 152]
The baking of 23,000 rations was considered a fair day’s duty of about 10 ½ hours. This total was arrived at by four rounds being baked off each oven.
Many different varieties of wood was used, including one which was very hard and knotty (Indian), and another kind which was very moist, hard to split and burn (Egyptian) with which much difficulty was experienced.
A good working average for the amount of wood required when working a fair class of wood is to allow 1 lb of wood to 1 lb of bread produced. Then it must be understood that with this style of oven the heat must be stored before sifting a batch as there is no way of augmenting the heat when once the bread is placed in the oven. With the other three types of oven used by this Unit, namely "The Perkins Patent Tube Portable oven", which is a double decker oven set on a carriage and wheels, and the

[Page 153]
"Hunts" and "Collins" Patent Ovens, this difficulty is overcome as the firing is continuous.
With the "Perkins Patent Oven" it has been possible to turn out about 2400 rations (8 rounds) in about 10 ½ hours. This Unit when working 6 of this style of oven with 30 N.C.O’s and men has turned out 55 sacks of flour (280 lbs per sack). Total 8,000 (2 ½ lb) loaves or 16,000 (1 ¼ lb) rations. With the ovens baking continuously about ¼ lb of wood to the lb of bread produced is a fair allowance. The heating of this oven can be more accurately gauged than with the "Aldershot Oven", apart from the fact that they are fitted with pyrometer, which in our experience were not known to register at all.
The next kind is the "Hunts" which is unquestionably a decided improvement on either of the former quoted, and in fact are about the same style and class as the "Collins" with the exception of having a larger

[Page 154]
door which of course enables the operator more scope in setting a batch.
At the time of writing we are using the "Collins" ovens and find them most satisfactory in every detail; they are a convenient size and shape and up-to-date.
Coke is the fuel used. The advantages of using coke can only be appreciated to the full after using wood which at the best of times gives forth smoke. Perhaps a brief outline of them would be of interest.
A block of 4 ovens (double deck) cover a space of 33 ft by 13 ft and are capable of being used continuously. At present they are used continuously by three shifts and are capable and have baked 46080 rations in 24 hours, working 3 eight hour shifts. Each oven is fitted with a gas jet which can be swung inside to light the interior.
It will be noted that

[Page 155]
with the "Aldershot" oven the personnel of the Unit has baked approximately 23000 rations in about 10 ½ hours taking 10 N.C.O’s and 10 Ptes to work them, while with the "Collins" oven 2 N.C.O’s and 2 Ptes as assistants can bake off 15360 rations in 8 hours.

Rouen 1/12/17.

[Page 156]
Appendix 10 d/d 1/12/17. Yeast.
A description of this highly important and necessary ingredient for the manufacture of bread may seem superfluous in this instance, so the actual experiences of this Unit with this plant will be recorded, and may be of some interest.
Several different kinds have been used, but by far the most reliable, easy to work, and convenient form is the "Patent Compressed Yeast" manufactured by the D.C.L Company, which is made up into lumps weighing roughly 7 lbs. It is affected to a certain extent by storing and thundery weather, also to extremes of heat, but as these occurrences are comparatively rare in this country, and the advantages derived from its use are so apparent, such as the ease of working it, and the fact that it

[Page 157]
is delivered ready for use; it is economical, rapid in working, and helps to produce an excellent loaf.
Its disadvantages are:- it must be stored in a cool place, and even then it is undesirable to keep it for any length of time, as it will deteriorate from rapid changes in temperature and long storage.
This kind of yeast has been used by itself and has given excellent results. It has also been used with a different variety: such as a kind of "Parisian Yeast Compound" (a product made from potatoes, water and hop yeast) when the supplies of the former have not been equal to the demand, and has also given good results.
For example, say 1 ¼ lbs of compressed yeast is necessary for 1 sack of flour, and through reasons unforseen, only 10 ozs to 1 lb is available, a certain amount of this "Parisian [indecipherable]" (according to its strength) is mixed with the other yeast, and proved satisfactory.

[Page 158]
A different kind of yeast was used in Egypt and gave excellent results, but owing to climatic differences, comparison with the Compressed style would be hardly fair to it. it was made from hops, potatoes, sugar and water, and was of course in liquid form.
Its disadvantages were that one brew would only last two days, as the weather was very hot. It was necessary to have a properly fitted up brewhouse, and to detail an N.C.O and an assistant to make it, whereas with "D.C.L" variety, it is delivered ready for use. Otherwise the ingredients necessary for the preparation of this potato yeast were obtainable locally, and it enabled us to produce a very good article, an article in fact, which was a pleasure for the men to make, and on more than one occasion it was commented upon for its excellence in volume, texture, colour and flavour.
Rouen.
1/12/17

[Page 159]
Appendix No. 9. d/d 1/12/17.
Doughmaking.
The doughmaking is done here by machinery, namely the 2 Sack Kneading Machine. Makers. Alfred Hunt.
Needless to add it saves a great amount of labor, as well as having the job done more thoroughly than by hand. On the enclosed plan will be seen how the dough is conveyed from the machines to the troughs for "prooving".
For example, say the demand necessitates 40 sacks, (280 lbs per sack) of flour to be made into dough in one shift of eight hours.1 batch of bread of 4 ovens of 320 loaves each oven would be a total of 1280 loaves. 40 sacks should, allowing for 30 per cent increase, turn out 14560 lb rations, therefore 6 such batches of 4 ovens or 8 plates would bake 40 sacks of flour made into dough, and has been done comfortably within the 8 hours, including time spent in

[Page 160]
cleaning out utensils, fires, ovens, and bakehouse.
The dough kneading machine is fitted with a tank for holding the necessary amount of water, also a hot water tap to allow of correct temperature being arrived at. A hopper fitted with an archimedian screw is situated alongside the machine into which the amount of flour required is emptied. An elevator conveys the flour overhead and after sifting and cleaning it is deposited in the cylindrical shaped drum. The water, salt and yeast is added, and then the opening is firmly fastened and the machine set in motion. The drum is fitted with 4 steel arms inside and with a slow rotary action, the ingredients if of the correct quantity, are made into a perfect dough. Of course different flour absorbs different quantities of water. In dough making flour will absorb about half its weight in water, therefore in using the machine, and desiring 2 sacks (560 lbs of flour) converted

[Page 161]
into dough, 280 lbs of water would be required, or roughly 28 gallons, as 1 gallon of water weighs 10 lbs. No strict rule can, however, be laid down, as with different classes of flour, different quantities of water are required, and also in accordance with the "size" (e,i, a stiff or slack dough) required. This is a part of the operator’s duty, and an experienced baker soon becomes accustomed to the working of the machine, and with ordinary care in watching the class of flour used (the amount of water is regulated according to the strength of the flour), he can manipulate the machine to make just the kind of dough required, be it slack or stiff.
After the dough mixing machine has been rotating 3 or 4 minutes, it is stopped and the lid taken from the drum, and a glance will satisfy the operator as to whether the dough is sufficiently kneaded, in which case the trolly with a specially shaped

[Page 162]
trough on it is wheeled underneath the mixer and with a half turn of the drum the dough is emptied into the trough and conveyed on a light railway shown on plan, into any particular trough desired and allowed to "proove", which as worked here takes 8 hours.
Taking a 40 sack output, for instance, 1 dough-mixing machine mixes enough for the capacity of the first round’s baking; namely 2560 rations or 7 sacks roughly, and then preparation is made for the next round, when allowance must be made in temperature or time so as each dough will have the correct amount of "proof".
By temperature is meant the heat of the ingredients of which the dough is made, for should one dough be made with a certain temperature and straight away the next round is mixed at the same temperature, the second round would be overproof and

[Page 163]
probably sour before the ovens would be ready to bake it.
Therefore 1 hour’s allowance in time is made between each round baked off, or should this not be practicable, the difficulty may be overcome by other methods, the most common of which are a drop in the temperature of the water, or the addition of an amount of salt in accordance with the quantity of dough, as salt retards the action of the yeast plant, and by the former mentioned method a cooler made dough will always "travel" slower than one of higher temperature.
Rouen
1/12/17.

[Page 164]
Appendix 8. d/d October 1st 1917.
Strength 1/10/17. 1 Officer 93 O. Ranks. not including 1 P.B personnel attached and 4 in hospital.
Of the above personnel 70 N.C.O’s and men were employed in Bakehouse, the remainder were on duty on general bakehouse duties, on staff, and camp fatigues as follows:-
4 on general bakehouse fatigues, 6 working with Imperial Sections, 8 on staff and 6 General Camp Fatigues.

[Page 165]
Appendix. 7. d/d Sept 1st 1917.
In order to allow of the quantity of work performed being readily understood, a detailed statement of the machinery used, and the number of men required to work same is hereby given. As previously mentioned 70 N.C.O’s and men usually perform all the duties necessary for one section in the bakehouse. This number is made up from three shifts each of 23 N.C.O’s and men and with the addition of the master baker, completes the number. (70).
Taking one Shift for instance 1 N.C.O and 4 men using the dough mixing machine, make the doughs which are to be baked off by the succeeding shift. For example, the dough making section of the 6 a.m till 2 p.m shift make all the doughs required to be baked off by the 2 pm till 10 pm shift, thus allowing eight hours for the necessary action of "prooving", i,e, the release of the carbonic acid gas. The remaining shifts follow on in

[Page 166]
like manner.
As soon as the dough has "prooved" sufficiently, it is thrown out onto a table, and is placed in suitably cut pieces into a "Divider", and is passed therefrom after being correctly compressed and thereby made the weight required, on to a small platform, from where it is placed by hand on to the "Moulder". This machine does the necessary shaping to the divided pieces of dough.
After leaving the moulding machine, the pieces of dough are placed on boards and put near the ovens to allow of a certain amount of "prooving" to take place. Meanwhile the heat of the ovens has been brought to the required degree. All is then ready for baking.
As previously mentioned, the section comprises 23 N.C.O’s and men of which 1 N.C.O and 4 men are accounted for in doughmaking. The distribution of the remaining number is as follows:- 1 Senior N.C.O. I/C., 2 N.C.O’s and 2 assistants on ovens, 1 stoker, 1 N.C.O on divider, 1 on moulder, 4 men carrying bread to breadstore, 2 men

[Page 167]
packing in breadstore, 4 throwing dough from troughs to table, and removing and marking dough from divider to ovens.
The remaining personnel of Unit is engaged on duty as follows:-
1 N.C.O I/C Q.M. Store. & 1 Assistant.
1 N.C.O I/C O. Room
1 Orderly Corp.
1 N.C.O in Breadstore.
1 Assistant Cook.
1 Assistant Regimental Police.
1 Hut Orderly.
1 Batman.
2 Flour fatigue.
The remaining personnel is utilised in Imperial Sections and Camp Fatigues.

[Transcriber’s notes:
Page 47: "prooving" possibly refers to ‘proofing’ yeast.
Page 58. Tonsillitis is spelt "tonsilitis".
Pages 88 – part page 91 is different handwriting compared to earlier pages.
Pages 92 – 122 different handwriting again.
Page 95: Fremantle is spelt "Freemantle".
Pages 102, 105, 106, 113: Gallipoli is spelt "Gallopoli"
Page 103: Zeitoun (Egypt) has been written as "Zeictoun" & on Page 112: written as "Zietoun".
Pages 121 – end of document comprising mainly appendices returns to original handwriting
Page 111 – Zag-Zig is actually the town / railway station of Zag-a-Zig just north of Tel-El-Kebir in north east Egypt
Page 115 - Kas-re Nil Barracks is Qasr el-Nil or Kasr el-Nil Barracks
Page 123: Handwriting reverts back to that which finished at the end of page 87.
Page 135 L of C troops : Lines of Communication troops]

[Transcribed by Val Ridley, Colin Smith, Grahame Bickford, Paula Poropat for the State Library of New South Wales]