Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales

Letters written on active service, A-L, 1914-1919
A 2660

[Transcriber’s notes:
A short biography of each service person is given at the beginning of each set of letters, with information coming mainly from State Library of NSW catalogue entries and records available on the websites of Australian War Memorial (World War 1 Embarkation and Nominal Rolls) and National Archives of Australia (World War 1 Service Records). Information about the content of letters and the letter donors is sometimes given. Some paragraph and line breaks have been introduced in the transcription for ease of reading.
"Return to Australia" dates are generally the date the service person embarked in England; arrival in Australia would be six to eight weeks later.
Letters and items are sent by and/or written about:

Watson Frazer Adamson (pages 1-6)
"Prelate" (pages 7-9)
Walter Charles Harcourt Anderson MM (pages 10-13)
Gilbert Goldie Anschau (pages 14-17)
Cecil Charles Harpur Baldwin MM (pages 18-21)
John Byron Baly MM (pages 22-39)
Claude Elmhurst Benson DCM (pages 40-61)
Alexander Kenneth Blackwell (pages 62-79)
Charles Adrian Boccard (pages 80-86)
Walter Granleese Boys (pages 87-93)
Thomas Arthur Henry Breaden (pages 94-96)
Raymond Paul Brett (pages 97-122)
Eric Alister Bull (pages 123-128)
Sylvester Francis Burrows (pages 129-131)
Thomas Leonard Cadell (page 131)
Oswald Castle (pages 132-157)
Roderic Castle (pages 132-157)
Gerald Middleton Chibnall (pages 158-164)
Henry Claude Cicognani (pages 165-167)
Francis Patrick Clune (pages 168-187)
Frederick Albert Collinson (pages 188-190)
Herbert Charles Cook (pages 191-195)
Richard Edmond Courtney (pages 196-201)
Horace Davies (pages 202-221)
Edward Wintour Davies (pages 202-221)
Francis Edward De Groot (pages 222-225)
Joseph Henry Dietze (pages 226-232)
Frederick George Drewette (page 233)
Francis Willam Eaton (photograph and accompanying notes) (pages 234-236
Albert Jacka VC (photograph and accompanying notes) (pages 234-236)
Albert James Hibbs Edmonds (pages 237-253)
Arthur Raymond Ellis (pages 254-262)
Henry Percy Evans (pages 263-269)
Charles Allen Firth (pages 270-291)
Ernest James Firth (pages 270-291)
Francis Walter Bertie Firth (pages 270-291)
Thomas John Fletcher (pages 292-296)
George Murdy Flynn (pages 297-301)
Joseph Garbutt (pages 302-313)
Terence Ward Garling (pages 314-321)
Kevin D’Arcy Goldrick (pages 322-327)
James Patrick Godfrey Griffin (pages 328-339)
Francis Leslie Guider (pages 340-348)
Claude Hansen (envelope only) (page 349)
Eric Gustave Hellstrom (pages 350-354)
Thomas Hedley Hill (pages 355-469)
Amos Walter Hillier (pages 10, 470)
Harry Gordon Hodges (pages 471-485)
Kenneth James Howell (pages 486-500)
Warren Hutchings (pages 500-505)
Arthur Robert Henry Joyner (page 506)
George Edward King (pages 507-517)
Edward Rennix Larkin (pages 518-532)
Leslie Robert Lee (pages 533-538)
Robert Eric Lenehan (pages 539-564)

[Page 1]
[Two letters donated by T. G. Adamson of Tamworth, NSW: the first from his son Trooper Watson Frazer Adamson, written from Gallipoli on 10 June 1915 telling of life in the trenches there; the second from an unidentified gunner on the ship SS City of Oran, who signed himself Prelate, writing from Rangoon. Among other things, it describes the use of elephants in handling timber.

Trooper Watson Frazer Adamson, No 169, a farmer of Trial Bay, NSW, enlisted on 24 August 1914 at age 23, and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A16 Star of Victoria on 20 October 1914. He served with the 1st Light Horse Regiment, A Squadron, at Gallipoli, and was wounded at Lone Pine, Gallipoli 7 August 1915. He returned to Australia 9 August 1919.]
Ngoora. Nemingha. Tamworth 8.8.19
The Secretary
The Mitchell Library. Sydney

Dear Sir,
1 Enclosed please find a letter from the trenches at Gallipoli from my son – please send a typed copy of it to me, retain original.
2 A letter from a gunner on board a transport
3 A paper from the troopship Nestor – via U.S.A – left Melbourne 1916.

Yrs truly
T G Adamson

Acknowledged 18/8/19.

[Page 2]
[Letter written on 1912 diary pages.]

10-6-15

Dear Mum & Dad,

Well I am still well & have a whole hide no holes through it as yet, it seems just to be a chap's luck if he gets hit or if not & luck again if it's a bad hit or only a minor hit

We have just come out of the trenches after having a week in them we now have another fortnights rest as it is called but the rest consists of labouring road making, trench digging etc, etc, but for all

[Page 3]
that we manage to live well & have a swim pretty well everyday in the Gulf of Saros

The menu for breakfast & dinner to day was fried steak & bacon, tea, cheese, jam, biscuits. yesterday we had a tambaroo for some provisions that were to spare I won a bottle of pickles, cherry wine, & 2 tins of chicken paste N.T.B. we have lived well believe me.

Tory, Brady & self camp & cook together now as Edwards, Tory's mate, Dungog chap, was shot dead one morning early in an attack we repulsed by the Turks.

It will surprise you what I will be able to tell you re cooking when I get back, at frying onions & chipped potatoes I am a snoozer, our only trouble is water we have to walk about 2 miles each way for it & by the time it arrives at our camp its very valuable, this morning I had a shave tooth wash & face wash all in ½ a cup full that's all we allow each other per day for personal use & sometimes we cannot even spare that.

The cigars & cigarettes that

[Page 4]
G.P. sent never came to hand it seems to be of no use sending such things somebody else only gets them that's 3 lots sent & never a sign of one.

I struck Smith the chemist chap, sometime back he wished to be remembered to Dad. Dad used to call him some nick name but I just forget what now. Have also seen G. Palmer, & Leathly, they are O.K.

John Willie is large as life their is some talk of them going away for a spell they have had it very solid

we have 2 mails out weekly Monday & Friday but only get an occasional one in, all out are passed by censor so am not allowed to give any particulars [indecipherable – obscured by censor’s deletion on next page] rumours about us going back for the horses but that's as far as it goes.

We get an issue of tobacco & cigarettes pretty well every week some of the chaps have lost their pipes & I have heard of a chap paying as much as 2 sov's cash for a pipe from another chap so a stock of pipes would bring good money I guess.

[Page 5]
I often times think of the balls & dances that Tamworth folk are having now June being the month. [Deletion by censor]
Am terrible short of envelopes please enclose a few in your next letter & continue on till further notice we may not be able to get any for a long time p. cards will have to do in the future now unless of course I drop on a few now & again
Jack Tory encloses a letter home please see that his people get it next letter you will very likley get from them change about like.
Well with the best of love to all
Your loving son
Watson F Adamson

P.T.O.

[Page 6]
This letter is from No. 169. Trooper Watson F Adamson. A. Co. D. Troop 1st A.L.H. and is written from Gallipoli. He was wounded at Lone Pine 7/8/15 and sent to London. He is sill still away 9.8.19. & is Sergt at H. Quarters. London.
T G Adamson. father. Nemingha
Tamworth N.S.W.

[Page 7]
[See page 9 for information about the writer of this letter.]
S.S. City of Oran.
Rangoon.
Apl 30th 1919.

Dear Theo.

We are loading for home at last and very pleased about it; supposed to finish loading on the 3rd May but expect it will be the 5th. From here we go to Colombo, deliver about 2000 tons of cargo and fill up again for London. It is about 5 days steaming to Colombo, about ten days stay there, fifteen or sixteen days to Port Said and about the same from there to London. If the above schedule is carried out we should arrive about the 21st June.

We have been ashore a few times and find the place very much like other Indian towns, except a large proportion of the inhabitants are Chinese, and the people smoke Burma cheroots, even the Chinese

[Page 8]
women walk about smoking a Cheroot about 8 inches long.

On Monday we paid a visit to a timber yard to see an elephant at work. He was quite a brainy animal, did just as he was told and did it well. He was hauling baulks of timber weighing anything from 1 ½ to 2 tons down to the river, through mud. He commenced by putting his tusks under the end of the log and lifting it so a native could pass a chain around it, then he hauled it to the river until he came to the last log or two he had hauled down, then he puts his head down and pushing the logs before him about twenty yards into the river, and turns about, unhooks the chain from the log brought down and back he goes for more. In this way he is hauling and pushing together logs weighing about 5 tons, through mud which he sinks into about eighteen inches at every step.

When a log is in the way which they do not require to use, he puts his tusks under it and lifts the end on to the other logs rolling it over the top of them out of the way. It is a sight worth seeing and apart from starting the logs on the move, does not appear to require any exertion on the elephants part.

It is very hot all day and one is glad when the evening arrives. Where there is no awnings, the iron decks get so hot you cannot walk about on them long in house slippers without burning your feet and the ladder handrails you handle very lightly. I am not the only one aboard who will be glad to be east West of Malta. By the way we have another of the insect tribe in our cabin, in the form of a giant cockroach,

[Page 9]
they are two inches long and an inch broad, they pay us occasional visits and rarely get out alive, but the beggars fly. This will be the last letter until I reach London, then I will pay you a visit.

Give my kind regards to Mr Tyler Nicholson and the girls.

Love to yourself and hobby.
Your sincere friend
Prelate

This letter is from an accountant in a Bank in England, who was called up for Service as a gunner at Sea. He is on his way home to London now. It is a wonderful war item.

T. G. Adamson.
Nemingha, Tamworth NSW

9/8/19.

[Page 10]
[Letters donated by Charles Soloman of Rozelle, NSW, from Walter Charles Harcourt Anderson and Private A W Hillier, No 6/1872, 18th Canterbury Infantry, New Zealand Expeditionary Force. Walter Anderson’s letter follows. A W Hillier’s letter is on page 470.

Gunner Walter Charles Harcourt Anderson, No 4378, a salesman, enlisted on 14 March 1915 at age 20, and embarked on HMAT A35 Berrima from Sydney on 26 June 1915 with the 1st Field Artillery Brigade, 6th Reinforcements. He served in at Gallipoli (from where this letter is written) and later in France. He was awarded the Military Medal in September 1917 for bravery in the field. He returned to Australia on 22 February 1919.]
27 Smith St
Rozelle.
Dec 30th '15.

Mr Ifould
Principal
Public Library
Sydney.

Dear Sir,

Seeing an article from you in the "Herald" dated 8.12.15 concerning letters received from soldiers [at] the front, I have very much pleasure in sending you these two along, hoping that they will be of benefit to any of your readers [at] The Library.

I take it that they will be kept in good order, & that, when the writers come home from the war they could read them by attending [at] The Library – that is, if they so wished.

Walter Anderson is late of Eastwood; & Walter Hillier late of Mortlake.

I am Yrs resp
Chas. Soloman

[Page 11]
Anzac
21.10.15.

No. 4378
Gun. Walter Anderson
2nd Battery
1st Brig. Field Artillery
Aus Imp E. Force
Egypt

Dear Charley,

Your long looked for letter arrived today. I was highly pleased to hear from you.
When it reached me I didn't happen to be blazing away at the Turks landscape or the Turks themselves as you say, so had no need to carry out your suggestion. For a change I am in my dug-out having a spell, – I say having a spell, but I mean chasing flees all round the jolly place. – They bight bite like ants.

Everywhere and anywhere here there's an over abundance of the damn things. – it's very chatty. Never mind Charley old chap, it's the only bad company I have ever kept and you know of course it's impossible to keep out of.

We are living like rabbits now so we have to expect a few miscomforts. Though these dug-outs are much more comfortable than you might imagine, but naturally not as comfortable as

[Page 12]
as my little grey home in the South.

The weather now is very changeable; the days are very dull and windy the nights and early mornings very cold, – at times we get an occasional shower, but I think before long we'll get a good ducking.

Things in general are pretty good, – I am well, merry & bright. (that's my motto)

It will be ten weeks next Sunday since I landed on this Peninsula, during which time I have had several narrow escapes, but so far have not been hit.

The boys here seem to be in the best of spirits. To give you an idea of some of the games they get up to, – I'll mention a little thing that happened a few days ago. Well our infantry boys threw some bully-beef and some jam over into the turks trenches to see how they would take things, much to their surprise the Turks

[Page 13]
threw back dates in exchange. I might tell you more often they exchange bombs.

In my last letter from home, Flo told me that my brother, Eug, had been accepted and is coming away with the A.M.C. I should not be at all surprised to hear soon that you have enlisted. I firmly believe that we need more men that Australia can supply to chase Jacky off this ground.

I also learned that you they gave him an evening at home on the 28th Aug, but they didn't tell me you were there; yet I presume you were among the merry party.

Well Charley old chap I shall have to close now as our letters have to be as brief as possible. I will write again soon and I'll look forward for another humerous letter from you too very soon. Give Minnie my love & ask her to write.

With best wishes from
Yours Sincerely
Walter.

[Page 14]
[Corporal Gilbert Goldie Anschau, No 244, enlisted at age 29 on 4 September 1914. He served at Gallipoli in the 1st Field Ambulance, where he was wounded and invalided back to Australia. He re-enlisted in 1916 and embarked on HMAT A40 Ceramic on 7 October 1916 with the 3rd Infantry Battalion, 21st Reinforcements and served in France where he was killed in action on 5 May 1917. Includes an envelope and covering letter from the Dunlop family of Hamilton, NSW.]
[Envelope]
Mrs Dunlop (Dr.)
c/- Miss Short.
The Commercial Bank of Sydney Ltd
Newcastle

[The above address struck out and the following written in a different hand:]
Evenlode,
Beaumont St
Hamilton
New South Wales.
Australia.

[Written along left-hand side of the envelope:]
Anschau

[Page 15]
[Reverse of above envelope]
From splendid Gilbert Anschau who was killed in France.

[Page 16]
Imtarfa Military Hospital.
Malta.
18th September 1915.

Dear Mrs Dunlop.

Before coming here I had no time for letter writing especially the last nine and ten weeks – before that we suffered for a want of letter paper and envelopes. Work came very heavy – not at once, but ranges into intervals – but two months before I left Gallipoli, it was continuous as doubtless you have read in the papers. But newspapers reports we take not the slightest notice of – We who are behind the scenes, know better, oh too well, and newspapers cease to interest us as far as war news is concerned.
I received your very encouraging and delightful letter right in the midst of a very busy time, and I know you will forgive my apparent dilatoriness in not answering sooner, as there were many interruptions, and letter writing in trenches and at war generally is difficult in every sense. In my rest time, in a great many cases, – and those exceptions were when I was feeling "out of sorts" – there are many things to run down one's health, and I realise now why only the strongest are picked for war – I used to go round and do anything in first aid to the wounded in other flanks. Do you know before I could realise it my strength slipped away – and I thought

[Page 17]
[Added at the top of the page:]
I saved your letter with the address on, but in leaving Gallipoli I left all my belongings behind me. So I am addressing this care of Grace. GA}

I was so strong and wiry, consequently here I am just recovering from Enteric. Have been up two days now, and I believe we will be sent England for a convalescence period of three months, which will be so delightful.

I will pass by the months that we have been at Gallipoli, we waded ashore on that memorable Sunday morning the 25th April, & been there ever since till I was sent away on the 22nd August sick, though I hung out in my "dug out" for six days before they insisted on me going away. If you can find it marked on your map, we landed at Sari Bair (Gaba Tepe being one mile to our the South) Gallipoli. Now you will have the exact site, if you do not already know, but I shall not mention anything of the war or its management – I would want a lot more paper – and I also want this letter to reach you.
But rest assured dear Mrs Dunlop that the Australians have done work than is more than magnificent, I can unhesitatingly say they are the bravest soldiers in the world, although they are my countrymen, and I know how proud you are of them, if it is possible be prouder still, for only after the war will you get to know what they really have accomplished, and at what sacrifice. Have been informed our 1st Division (my corps included) have been relieved & left the Dardanelles – two weeks after I did. Am so glad.

How pleasant to know you are so well acquainted with Egypt, and am I to understand you have also travelled Turkey? What pleasant evenings we can spend recounting experiences and going over the different beauty spots of Egypt – for Egypt and its cosmopolitan people, and the natives, have a charm that always seems to cling. "He who has drunk of the Nile, always returns."
I must say au revoir, trusting that you & the Dr. are quite well, and will you please convey my kindest wishes to him, and please accept my kindest remembrances.
Very sincerely,
Gilbert G. Anschau

[Page 18]
[Sergeant Cecil Charles Harpur Baldwin MM, No 3019, a clerk from Rose Bay, NSW, joined the Army on 23 August 1915 at age 22, and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A29 Suevic on 20 December 1915. He served with B. Coy, 3rd Battalion, 7 months at Gallipoli and 6 months in France. He was awarded the Military Medal in 1916 and was killed in France on 1 March 1917.

Includes a cover note with his mother’s address and a letter from Lieutenant Geoffrey H Leslie regarding his death.]

[Printed cover note]
Mrs Baldwin
Euroma,
Faraday Avenue,
Rose Bay.

[Page 19]
France
9.3.17

Dear Mrs Baldwin,

By this time you no doubt are acquainted with the news of the death in action of your son, Sergeant C.C. Baldwin. B Coy 3rd Battn. It is my duty to express to you my heartfelt sympathy in your bereavement, and if possible to try to allay a little the sorrow you feel.

It was on the morning of the 2nd March that the Germans attacked our line some distance to the left of where Sgt Baldwin was. they succeeded in breaking through under cover of a dense fog. They then swept round and attacked us from behind. In this critical moment Sgt Baldwin with great courage exposed himself so as to direct the

[Page 20]
fire of his men and to observe the movements of the enemy, who were within a few yards of our trench. It was then that Sgt Baldwin was killed. He was shot through the head and death was instantaneous. The enemy were driven off and we captured a number of prisoners besides killing a great number.

This however did not compensate for the loss of your son. On numerous occasions he had shown his bravery and was decorated with the Military Medal for his magnificent work at Pozieres. I served seven months in Gallipoli and six months in France and have met some brave men but I could not find four men who were as brave as Sgt Baldwin, If he had lived he would shortly have got

[Page 21]
a commission.

He is buried now about 1500 yards from Bapaume and over his head is a cross made by men of this Bn, in token of their love and respect to a man who was a man and a hero to the last.

I remain
Yours very Sincerely,
Geoff H. Leslie
Lieut

[Page 22]
[Private, later Sergeant, John Byron Baly MM, No 1079, Joined the Army at age 28 on 13 April 1915. He embarked on HMAT A51 Chilka on 7 June 1915 from Sydney, NSW, with the 7th Light Horse Regiment, 7th Reinforcements, and served in Egypt and Palestine. He was awarded the Military Medal in August 1918 for bravery in the field and returned to Australia on 26 January 1919.

Includes his poem, "Patrolling the Desert and letters to his mother describing actions and mentioning the plan for a memorial statue on the Suez Canal to members of the Light Horse killed in battle (pages 28, 29.]
[Envelope]
Bob, Jack

On Active Service
Mrs Byron Baly
"Woodlands"
Liverpool
Australia.

[Page 23]
[Printed document]
Patrolling the Desert

We left our camp in Egypt one hot day ’tween 9 and 10,
With 48 hours’ rations for horses and for men,
Loaded up with ammunition and goodness knows what not,
As much as horse could carry, a rough and ready lot.
We knew no destination or what might come about,
But guessed "There’s something doin’," by the way we hustled out.
We headed for Kantara and pushed on all that day,
Till 9 p.m., while halting, tucked some bully-beef away.

We rode across the Suez by the Pontoon bridge that night,
And kept on making eastward till dark gave way to light,
And late that night, still riding, we learnt what was our mission,
Wounded men in Red Cross Cars, explained the whole position.
We questioned as we passed them, ‘What’s up, Abdul scooped the pot?’
Their answer, coming wearily, "Aye chum, we’ve ‘ad it pretty ‘ot"

At dawn we came to water and wet our tired old nags,
The order came "Off saddle" and feed up from the bags,
We camped for some three hours, and were thankful to relax,
For guns and ammunition weighed heavy on our backs,
We slept for those three hours like sodden drunken men,
Breakfasted on bully-beef, then hit the trail again.

We’d brought spare horses with us, they now must stay behind,
For we’re getting near the enemy, don’t want ‘em on our mind,
A few must stop back with them to picket and to feed,
A Sergeant, told off for the job, picked out the men he’d need.
He picked on one, Bill So-and-so, a good old mate of mine.
And told him off to stay behind with him and the spare horse line.

Bill cursed his luck and grumbled, wished all spare horses dead,
Dead stiff to have to stop there with a chance of scrap ahead.
So we left them there and started in search of Jack the Turk,
The "Screen" extended well ahead, and each man fit for work,
Though we’d all done "time" in trenches, this guerrilla game was new,
And those of us who didn’t get warmed up and keen, were few.

At noon we stopped for lunch and spell, had just opened up a tin,
When mounted on a sweating horse, old Bill came riding in,
We were mighty glad to see him and asked, "What brings you here?"
Then he told us how he’d pinched his "marching orders" from the rear.
"See, the Sergeant went for water, and as he rode away,
Said – ‘Fill those nosebags So-and-So, with feed for middle day."

I looked at the heap of nosebags and scratched my old fat head,
Thought, this job’s no good to me, sooner be picked up dead.
Well here’s my chance, the Sergeant’s gone, though, may be, I’ll cause a noise.
I’ll beat it now and take my chance of catching up the boys.
So ran my eye all down the line and picked the best horse there,
Grabbed a saddle and flung it on, then got inside my gear,
Hopped across him and started out, headed the way you’d gone,
And here I am as dry as a bone, have you got the billy on?"

[Page 24]
["Patrolling the Desert", continued]
This camp was named Romani, a fortress in a sense,
Well hemmed in with sand hills which made a fine defence,
So they made it our headquarters while we scoured the country round,
And for 20 miles east, north and south, we’ve searched each inch of ground,
The first few days were busy, reconnoitring everywhere,
We came across two battle fields, and signs of much despair.

One was out at Katia, six miles from camp about,
The other, Oghratina, some six miles further out.
This is where Black Jacko had surprised the Tommy camps,
Where they’d smashed, and killed, and plundered, like ruthless desert tramps.
There were many dead, some wounded, these last in sorry plight,
Lying in the burning sun since the morning of the fight.

We got them up on camels, they were game and no mistake,
The flies had nearly sent them mad, they’d wondered if they’d bake.
With some the Turks left water which didn’t last them long,
Bedouins pinched their boots, and coats, a murderous, thieving throng.
We’d shovels on a packhorse one of the lads had led,
So started on the gruesome task of burying the dead.

By the way we found them lying they’d made a good game stand,
Heaps of empty cartridge shells at each dead man’s right hand.
And now out on that desert land are bones of shattered horses,
And lonely little mounds of sand upholding rough-made crosses.
The next few weeks we spent in scouting far and wide,
Collecting hostile Bedouins and straggling Turks beside.

While out one morning early, patrolling here and there,
I came across a fellow sound asleep, without a care,
His back was turned towards me, part underneath bush,
No tunic, boots, or putties, and I couldn’t see his "moosh."
From the look of him in general I took him for a Turk,
And thought, ‘Well if they’re all like him, it’s pretty easy work.’

So rode up pretty close to him, my gun up ready too,
And shouts, "Hey, Jacko, on your feet, I’ve got the drop on you."
He took no blooming notice, so called on him again,
Then I started thinking, "they’re heavy sleeping men,"
So jumping off the old bay horse I poked him with my gun,
To find that I’d been talking to a man whose days were done.

We never came in contact with any Turks in force,
They’d cleared right out and got away beyond the reach of horse,
We thought we’d catch their rearguard with some of the loot they’d grabbed,
Some five and twenty miles away, at a place called Ber-el-Abd.
So saddled up one evening and rode all through the night,
Two Regiments in strength were we all spoiling for a fight.

A silent march we stole that night across the moonlit sand,
Expecting that the dawn might find us fighting hand to hand.
But the Turks had smelt us coming, for when we reached the place,
We found an empty firing line, of Abdul, not a trace.
We cursed a bit and started back, our luck’s just double-jointed,
Rode into our camp that night, dead tired and disappointed.

Once again we tried it, with little more success,
Sighted Turkish outposts, a dozen, more or less,
They were mounted well on camels and got away, of course,
For in the soft and heavy sand the camel bests the horse.
We did get one, however, a fat, well-fed young jay,
He and his gorgling, smelly mount, comprised the bag that day.

And so the weeks went slowly by, each day as hot as Hell,
Tending to our horses, scouting, cooking meals as well.
At night we’d put our gear on and trudge out through the sand,
To line the ridges all around, lest old Turk should try his hand.
All the night we’d be there taking turns at "Sentry go,"
While "Picket lines, and Sentry groups" took forty winks or so.

At 3 a.m. we "stand to arms" until the break of day,
Then back into the camp once more we’d wend our weary way.
Feed the horses, then ourselves, and so the day would start,
"Carry on" as usual, buck up, and keep good heart.
The heat was what harassed us, we often cursed our fate,
The hottest day a killer, when the glass read one two eight.

Once we had some swimming, we’d ridden to the coast,
Troop-linked all the horses, then in like mad, almost,
We had two lovely hours, "Gee Whiz" ‘twas wonderous nice,
Forgot there ever were such things as deserts, flies and lice.

Three weeks age they moved us, relieved by other men,
We’ve come in nearer the canal, to rest and sleep again.
Don’t know where we’re going next, but they say that we’ve a chance,
Of packing up and moving off to join our boys in France.

These are a few lines describing one of our desert trips. It did not end up as the last verse suggests, we "about turned" and went into the wilderness again instead of to France.

1079, Trooper Byron Baly,
7th Australian Light Horse Regiment.
A.I.F.
July, 1916.

[Page 25]
Patrolling the Desert (censored lines & verses)
2nd verse.
5th line Small straggling groups of horsemen were also making back,
6th [line] The Turks had caught 'em napping & they'd taken to the track.

3rd verse (entirely)
They were poor old British Tommies, who been camped way out near Hell
In the silent-blazing desert, 'longside some brackish well.
They'd been there to watch old Jacko, & keep him out of bounds
But in tiresome dull existence they'd "forgot" their daily rounds.
So he came in force & caught ’em, unprepared, & taking rest
He smashed ‘em up & drove them, in disorder, from their nest.

7th verse (entirely)
First found, a thin old Bedouin sat underneath a palm,
So fetched him under guard behind to see he did no harm.
At noon we struck a Tommies Camp, abandoned but intact,
They'd all cleared out & left it, strange thing but still a fact,
They'd made things pretty comfy here, had beer & wine galore,
No sign of Turk or any fight, or what they'd "squibbed" it for.

15th verse
7th line A poor old Tommy Sergeant who'd been fleeing from his foe,
8th [line] Had stopped there just because it was as far as he could go.

These lines & verses were censored in compliance with an act passed in 1915, on all matter from the front to be printed.
H. G.

[Page 26]
Sept 21/16

Dear old Mater,

Once more I have the pleasure of addressing you. Wrote last week & told you all the news. We went out on our big move against Jacko. It lasted about 4 days & was pretty fatiguing. The actual attack on the camp did not last long & was not pushed very seriously for good reasons I've no doubt. The Turks were very strong there & were taken by surprise we took a few prisoners & retired about mid-day, after our artillery had put in a good few rounds.

Our aeroplane men are great. One fellow was directing the artillery fire & would fly over the Turks camp into a hail of shell fire, make his her observations & then fly back to the artillery with a message. He did it perhaps, a dozen times & as soon as he would

[Page 27]
get over the enemy camp, they would turn 3 or 4 antiaircraft guns on him.

It was a great sight coming back; of course the advance was made under cover of darkness, we did not travel in daylight, but the retirement was made in daylight & one could get an idea of the magnitude of the whole operation.

At times we could see the whole of the column & it was well worth seeing, there were thousands A.L.H., mounted New Zealanders, of mounted men, both A.L.H. & N. Zealanders, also hundreds of men mounted on camels, Australian & Tommy Camel Corps, a long string of artillery, with 14 horses to one gun, then an Indian Mountain Battery mounted on camels. Then came the A.M.C. dozens of Red Cross carts pulled by 4 or 6 horses plenty of stretchers drawn on slides made of a sheet of gal. iron, 2 horses to each stretcher then a small army of mounted stretcher-bearers and first aid men. The Red Cross flags flying set this department off well.

Then there was the Army Service Corps, which consisted of 10,000 camels loaded with rations & water for the men & fodder for the horses. The whole thing was

[Page 28]
as you can guess, a sight not likely to be forgotten, I don't think I ever saw so many horsemen in one lot before.

The whole think was well managed, every man & horse drew his rations regularly & in plenty, there was plenty of water for everyone & plenty to eat, even bread & canned vegetables & meat with gravy which after a few minutes near a fire, made a good hot meal.

wonderfully carried out.

We got back to our little palm tree camp, pretty tired & sleepy & turned in for a sleep.

Two or 3 of the lads were killed & a few wounded, but not many.

There is a big movement among the Anzac Mounted Division to erect a bronze equestrian memorial on the bank of the canal, where everyone who gets through can see it – to those of our comrades who have

[Page 29]
fallen out here on the desert.

Of course as far as we have been able we have made them their graves where ever they fell – where possible have put crosses with particulars on & looked after them as well as we could. But they are scattered all over the country & in some cases the poor chaps have not been found or could not be identified. And the graves that are made cannot last after we leave the desert, because the wind keeps blowing the sand away & the dirty, rotten Bedouins will come back & probably use the crosses for firewood. So that we all think the idea of the monument the best in the world & we are paying for it ourselves & do not want any help from the public, whom we know would subscribe enough in a day if necessary. It will be a lasting tribute & will be located where people from all parts of the world can see it.

We are still eating plenty of dates & will be sorry when they are finished, so will the horses, they like them better than we do.

Well lots of love to all the family
From fond son
Jack

[Page 30]
This is a queer mix up of a letter, you will have to sort it out as best you can.

[Page 31]
Sinai
Feb. 12/17

Dear old Mater,

A line or two more to say that all's well. Since last writing we have been on the move again & are now camped right on the sea coast near El Arish. It is good to be near the water again, & a swim as soon as we got here went very well as we had the dust & grime of a 2 days' ride on us. Don't think we will be here very long & expect that we will keep pushing on now.

We are at last getting into different country it is getting harder & we notice a little vegetation here & there in the shape of shrubs & a few fig & castor oil trees. It is nearly 12 months since we rode across the canal & made a start to get across the desert. Fancy nearly a year to advance a little over 100 miles. It will give you some idea of the difficulties that were in the way.

Altho' the actual distance is not

[Page 32]
much over 100 miles, we must have ridden over thousands of miles of desert during the time, as we have been constantly on the move all the time. It is marvellous to see the work that has been done. A railway has been built all along behind our advance & now connects with El Arish. Places that were nothing but desert when we first rode over them are now like towns, with a fine railway station & hundreds of troops, & great stacks of stores & fodder & thousands of Egyptian niggers working about. Romani is a fine example of this. When we first came there, there was absolutely nothing, but a few palms & dead men & horses (Yeomanry.) The Turks had attacked them the nig a day or two before.

Well about Christmas time I had to go into Kantara on the Canal & went by train from Bir-el-Abd, & would not have recognised Romani except for the name on the station platform. Of course the train brings us our

[Page 33]
tucker etc now & a great line of pipes bring water. So we don't have to depend so much on camels as we used to. They had to follow us with our drinking water in cans, horse feed & our own rations until the line was brought further out, so at times tucker & water was rather scarce.

If we push on now I've no doubt we will meet with more stubborn resistance from the Turks than heretofore, which is only natural as the country improves & lends itself to defence.

Got a letter from you yesterday, but it is a very old one, dated early in November. Evidently been astray.

Will enclose another photo or two. Backhouse came back to us about 2 months ago, he looks & is pretty well.

Lots of love to everyone
from loving son
Jack

[Page 34]
Feb.14th Just received another letter from you dated Jan 9. Also one from Ruth, glad to know everything is O.K.

We are expecting to pay Abdul a visit in a few days at a place some 50 miles east of here. No doubt it will be a good go as we are getting into his own territory. Will write again & tell you all about it.

Have some more letters to answer so must stop
Lots of love etc
from fond son
Jack

[Page 35]
[Envelope; Signed by Captain C C Easterbrook]
O.A.S.

Byron Baly Esq
"Woodlands"
Liverpool
New South Wales
Australia

[Page 36]
Belah
April 2nd 17

Dear old Mater,

Must send you a few lines now that opportunity offers. We have not had much time for writing of late, in fact have had a very strenuous, & dirty, tho' exciting time.

They managed to get a mail through to us last night. I got a letter from you, one from Phyllis, a photo of Wilma from Syd. also the parcel which was sent back to Aust. & one from Tasmania. Sorry to hear of your bad knee & hope it is well again now.

No doubt you have read something of our doings here during last week. But I will tell you what I rember can of it from memory.

We left Abu Shunnai on Sunday 25/4/17 at 2 a.m. & marched towards Gaza. Reached Belah at about noon on Monday & camped. Thousands of infantry, Light Horse, Cavalry, camel corps, artillery, transports, red cross carts etc. all on the march presented a wonderful spectacle. (when one could see through the dust)

[Page 37]
At 1 a.m. on Monday we saddled up & moved off to the attack. This Brigade (2nd) was given the post of honor & we had to make a big detour to South East in order to get round to the East of the city to prevent a retreat & to stop Turkish reinforcements coming up. It was a ticklish job & risky & according to German Officers (captured) a move they did not count on as they thought no troops would attempt to get into such a dangerous position & even if they did would never get out again.

Yet we got in & got out too, the latter by the skin of our teeth. We were had their main position in front of us & 13,000 Turkish reinforcements advancing from behind us. Well to proceed. A very heavy fog came down before daylight; it was impossible to see more than a few yards, the country was very rough in places & travelling very difficult, intensely cold just before dawn we were numbed & wet with the fog. At about 8 a.m. the latter lifted & we found ourselves in most beautiful country, all cultivated & sown with barley. At 9 we could see Gaza on our left, had still some distance to go to our proper position in rear of the town. A little later the enemy was reported ahead. One squadron was sent ahead to reconoitre while the main body advanced slowly.

Two Taubes came over & opened fire with machine guns. We drove them off for a while with our rifle & machine gun fire. Meanwhile the squadron ahead had captured a few scattered outposts. We could see the road to Beer Sheba running away to our right & a cloud of dust caused by some kind of vehicle travelling at in a hurry towards the latter place. Two or three of our boys could be seen with our glasses galloping across country, apparently to cut off the fugitives whoever they were. It was a great race, lasted some time & our lads won in the finish. The quarry turned out to be a Austrian German General & his staff including an Austrian Colonel & others; travelling in two coaches. They had been on their way from Beer Sheba to Gaza, & were to take over the command of the troops at the latter place, against our attack. Tho' they were within a few miles of their destination, were too late & seeing our Brigade in the distance, turned

[Page 38]
& were making a bolt for it back to Beer Sheba when a handful of our lads overtook & captured them. The General was the same man who captured Gen. Townsend in Mesopotamia. [Siege of Kut]
We then moved on behind the town & took up our position, capturing a few scattered parties as we went, galloping over open patches of country which were exposed to shell fire. By the time we were ready the frontal attack had begun & our guns in front were heavily bombarding the redoubts & other positions round the town. The Bombardment lasted till about 3 in the afternoon then the infantry in front began to advance, they had a hard nut to crack & no cover, they did splendidly but were repulsed & chopped about in places, only to come up again. At about 4 we dismounted galloped in from the rear as far as possible, then dismounted & advanced on foot.
The outskirts of the city are composed of mud villages & the fences – which were numerous, composed of Prickly Pear Hedges, 6 ft high & 4 or 5 feet through, it was just like going through a maze, little narrow lanes running in all directions with Turks hidden all through it. We had to cut our way through the wretched stuff with our bayonets & got smothered with prickles & thorns. This went on till about 9 at night. We had captured & killed a lot of the enemy & thought things weere were going well with us. Of course we were rather disorganised as no decent formation could be kept in the dark in such a place, & were operating in small bodies of from 10 to 30 men together.
Well Of course we did not know how things were going on in the front but thought all was O.K. At 9 oclock word came through for a general & speedy retirement. Then the fun began, we had got so far into the maze of Prickly Pear & mud huts that we did not know which way to get out. So just had to do the best we could cutting & slashing to get through the cactus & dragging our prisoners along with us.

However we got out & found our horses & got away. And just in time, the 13,000 reinforcements had

[Page 39]
come up & were closing in so as to cut off our retreat. So the 2nd Brigade can think itself lucky to be still able to an active unit in the British army.

The retirement was a big thing & the whole army retreated in a heap as it were. Had to go a long way round & rode all night reaching Belah at about 10 next morning, muddy, dusty, bloody, tired, sleepy & hungry. Perhaps if daylight had lasted another 2 or 3 hours Gaza would have been ours. However we are nearly ready for another go for it & this time I think we'll take it.
It is a week since we attacked the last time & a rough week mostly, as we have had to watch the movements of the enemy etc, while our army was resting & getting ready for another fly.

Will write & perhaps be able to give you details of a decided victory next time.

Lots of love to all
From fond son
Jack

Wrote a short note to catch an early mail this morning.

[Page 40]
[Lieutenant, later Captain, Claude Elmhurst Benson DCM, No 874, a clerk from Townsville, Queensland, joined the army on 20 August 1914 at age 27, and embarked on HMAT A5 Omrah on 24 September 1914 from Brisbane with the 9th Battalion, H Company. He was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal for gallant conduct and ability on 25 April 1915 at Gaba Tepe. He was killed in action in France on 2 July 1916.

Describes the torpedoing of the "Southland" off Lemnos Island and comments on the campaign by The Honourable William Holman, MLA, NSW Premier and his Opposition counterpart, Sir Charles Gregory Wade KCMG, Member of the NSW Legislative Assembly in favour of conscription. Includes covering letter from Walter A Cox of Sydney.]
[Letterhead of Walter A. Cox]

8th Decr. '15.

Mr. Ifouled,
Principal Librarian,
Public Library N.S.W.,
Sydney.

Dear Sir:

According a paragraph appearing in to-day's "Herald" I have pleasure in handing you herewith letter received from my cousin Lieut. Claude E. Benson, which I think is worthy to be deposited amongst those you are collecting for preservation in the Mitchell Library.

With Compliments,
I am, Dear Sir,
Yours very truly,
W.A. Cox

[Page 41]
Lieut Claude Benson
Firing Line
Gallipoli
24 9 15

I am posting this in an envelope was sent – and hope it arrives safely.

My dear Cos,

Such a relief! Ye Gods you can't imagine the feeling of relaxation consequent upon our being withdrawn at ten this morning for a 48 hours spell and although the rest is in a sense alleged only, the ever- present worry of the Line of Defence is temporarily abolished. The Regiment in Reserve to my Brigade took over our main duties and our only work is the pushing forward of our winter quarters for that dreaded season is rapidly approaching and each successive night gives evidence of the fact and unearths a more decided chill than its predecessor.

Unfortunately for me

[Page 42]
my winter clothing has been irrevocably lost and I sigh for my British warm and other cherished garments to say nothing of the Medical Comforts I was bringing back with me from Egypt whither I had been sent to be mended. I refer to the "Southland" that fine 14000 tonner – perhaps you remember as the "Vaderland" on the Amsterdam New York run which was torpedoed on the 2nd inst when only 34 miles from Lemnos Island. Shall I attempt to describe the inimitable sensation? Well let me chronicle the actual incidents which befell me and perhaps you'll derive some idea.

That eventful morning opened up bright and clear with just enough wind to make things "fresh" and "white horses" were plentiful although the state of

[Page 43]
the water was not rough. I went down to Breakfast with my cabin mate a fellow subaltern named Dodwell and this important function occupied half an hour roughly. We sauntered casually onto the Promenade Deck and paced backwards and forwards for perhaps ten minutes when we paused and continued our pipes leaning over the port rail practically amidships.

"What an ideal day for a submarine"! I remarked at a turn of the conversation little knowing I was trespassing on the wisdom of Socrates for within five minutes we soon descried a long white line of bubbles heading straight for where we were standing but a remarkable thing happened when the trail was 50 or 60 yards away for a perceptible change was

[Page 44]
made in its course and so instead of continuing on its mark amidships the deflection headed the "something" forward.

All this while Dodwell and I stood fascinated as though under some spell but the need for action or presence of danger made itself felt and we turned involuntarily to one another at a like moment, slapped one another's backs and exclaimed "a Torpedo". The following instant there was an impact which made the liner quiver and felt as though you were running a car through a narrow gateway in the dark but the cap of your near wheel got in the road, or the post did, simultaneous with a dull explosion which caused the water to shower perhaps a hundred feet into the air and despite the fact we were on a promenade

[Page 45]
and covered again by the Boat Deck we were simply drenched with the spray. Then commenced an indescribable scene for one and all guessed the truth in an instant "They've got us" said one, "We're done" said another as on they hurried to their allotted Boat Stations. No time or thought for one's personal belongings or hats even for one's mingled feelings and the speculation as to how long the ship would last forbade any trifling with either Time or Providence. My boat was situated completely aft right above the propellers and on the middle of the Poop deck, so hatless and micawber-like I walked along with an occasional "Take it easy men" to some soldier, and for two and a half hours worked at the Boats helping on this rope, directing that and so on.

[Page 46]
And still the "Southland" was afloat.

Within three minutes of the time she was struck a decided list to port was evidenced and a corresponding tilt down at the nose and this increased as time went on, which was all the more appreciable from my post of vantage for the more she sank at the nose the more we rose at the stern.

Meanwhile the conduct of the 1400 troops on board was to say the least of it praiseworthy – there was no confusion, no unnecessary hustling although mind you, any man who lingered on his way to his allotted station stood an excellent chance of shewing skinned heels on the morrow, but one and all from the highest rank on board to the latest recruit displayed that wonderful feeling that characterises

[Page 47]
the British Race. It was patent to them they were "up against it," and the only way to win was by taking things calmly and keeping their heads, and the general disposition reminded me most forcibly of some incidents of those first few days after landing "must hold that Ridge at all costs" would come the order and the only answer from the men lying at your side would be a grim significant smile coupled with a firmer grip of the rifle and a further stiffening of the jaw. And as we held those ridges, so the same spirit dominated these men for in one and all of our Race the spirit is born, it lies dormant until called for and then it springs forth "like adder darting from its coil" and

[Page 48]
that is why we never can be beaten and would not admit if we were.

But I wander. After those 2 ½ hours of strange emotion wondering if the ship did not settle down this minute would she in the next, I eventually slipped down a rope into my life-boat a "collapsible" and truly named for no sooner had it struck the water with its living freight of 39 men and myself than it swamped and whether we wished otherwise or not made no difference we had perforce to remain in the Cold Sea for another 3 hours until picked up by a "tramp" strangely enough a German capture also. During that period of enforced immersion my thoughts ran in many

[Page 49]
channels but I smiled cynically when I thought of the "Cote d'azur," how could I with my teeth chattering and 45, for I picked up another six semidrowned and tied them onto the sunken raft somehow, men in my troubled care. Altho' I've been on many floating palaces, when safe aboard that tramp I thought "Surely of all Leviathans this is foremost and this Brandy some husbanded "napoleon 1800."

But enough of the "Southland" for she now reposes beached in Mudross Harbor with a frightful hole in her port side just abaft the Bridge, and minus a plate or two from her starboard. [The Southland was refloated and went back into service but was torpedoed and sunk later]
So after many delays I rejoined my Regiment who

[Page 50]
by the way viewed me askance a while and thought me one of Neptune's mermans, they having been informed of my drowning.

Life continues dull, stale and unprofitable and I would I were a contemporary of Omar's for Id like to grasp this sorry scheme of things entire and shatter them it to bits around a certain German Palace not far from Berlin and then remould them in dear old Sydney which one never appreciates in its entirety until he's been away from it 12 months, and in these most uncertain of equally uncertain times, cannot give even an approximate guess as to when, if ever indeed, he'll see it again.

A propos of Uncertain Things, I felt a chill creep

[Page 51]
up my spine some little time since when I read an account in your Dailie [Daily] of the Stadium incident in connection with the Wade Holman attempt at a speech in favor of recruiting.

We all appreciate the class of man who attends sporting fixtures of all kinds yet when he's wanted for bigger things will forego his old haunts and habits and lend a helping hand, in short is just as good a sport as the men he pays to see. I like to go to the Stadium and see a clever dust up, and as you know am not averse at any time to a little gentle exercise with the gloves myself, but I maintain the class of man who frequents the Stadium, has no fixed occupation but merely "lives on the game" is better where he is than

[Page 52]
here, for we all savour so much of the bestial that a simile might be drawn between man and horse, a good horse or a good man will work, fight or do whatever he is called upon to do and do it well, but a jibbing horse and cur man will do nothing that is good and are so unreliable that the driver will sooner or later discover to his cost he has been sold, and picture to yourself just what that would mean here at the Front. We want men yes more and more and more again and if we are to succeed must have the Reinforcements to fill in the gaps for we fellows that are left cannot hope to go on unharmed for the whole campaign.

We know only too well that the party responsible

[Page 53]
for the disgusting exhibition at the Stadium are so much in the minority that their presence will not be felt yet even those men would have reconsidered their step had they thought for a single moment the precedent they were establishing and what the Mother Land must necessarily think of her sons who are so disloyal.

Frankly I deprecate the action or method taken by Mr Holman and consider the time chosen for his oration most inopportune. Let me see. It was after the Preliminary therefore the crowd would be just warmed up and itching for the principals and an impatient mob of "anything" is hard to manage under the most favorable conditions, therefore

[Page 54]
I'm surprised that a man of Holman's experience did not exercise more tact. I should have felt inclined to preface my own speech by one from say one of the returned wounded soldiers at his side which would have been listened to by the multitude and ensured at least a hearing for messrs Holman-Wade.

Whilst I'm in a semi critical mood I shall in conclusion ask you to revert to revert to an article of Ashmead Bartletts appearing in the Daily Graphic of the 6th Aug 15. It might appear ludicrous for me to even attempt a criticism of such an able journalist as Mr Bartlett but on reading the article referred to one who is conversant with the existing state of affairs must be struck with the

[Page 55]
inuendo in the paragraph dealing with the manner in which the men are led and carry out their duties. The only inference one can draw is that we officers are merely figure-heads, puppets, that we have no say in the discipline and administration of affairs. In short there is no discipline in our army and that whenever the men feel inclined to work, or fight they do so under the able direction of one of their fellow men and we are ignored.

I do not intend to enter into a lengthy treatise of the subject but would say Mr Bartlett's satire was uncalled for – he gained his point long before that sentence commenced. His remarks are based on and influenced by his knowledge of the Imperial Army where

[Page 56]
discipline as he knows it has been steadily ingrained through past years of peace conditions when even the slightest offence may not pass unnoticed, and so when a certain work has to be performed, a certain point of the enemy's Line attacked they know nothing further than that they are to get there, but with our men before leaving our own Lines, we call the men together and briefly outline the course we intend adopting because of so and so, and as soon as we arrive there so-and-so will happen and on our flanks so-and-so will protect us.

Let me give you a concrete instance as against Mr Bartlett's article.

Some little time back a battery of 5" Howitzers was

[Page 57]
assigned to our area and my Regiment was instructed to supply so many men to make a road so that the gun could be got into position that night and without a minute's delay. Our orders were that our men were to be withdrawn at 4 P.M and replaced by a like number from another unit but the latter could not be effected on account of an action being in progress in their Sector. So four o'c came and the task was incomplete yet the men were entitled to relief at that hour. Now the point I wish to enforce is this, that if our unit had been an Imperial bunch with an Imperial Officer, when Col. Rosenthal the Brigadier explained the situation to the Imperial

[Page 58]
Officer the men latter would merely have issued an order that the men were to remain on until the job was finished and the men would sullenly resume whereas our Officer blew his whistle which called the men to attention and said something like this:-
"We were to be relieved at this time by So-and-So but in view of their being in action they are unable. This It is imperative that the Lowland Battery be enabled to mount their Guns behind our Lines tonight and they will be unable to do so unless this road is cut. Any man who wishes to go back to his lines may do so under Corporal So-and-So – the remainder "Carry on."

Now believe me not a man hesitated let alone

[Page 59]
demurred but all fell to with a will so that by 6.30 the road was completed and the Battery enabled to come into position.

That is the difference between Imperial and Colonial discipline but for Ashmead Bartlett or any contemporary to even hint at our undisciplined army or any lack of discipline is both erroneous and farcical.

Further Mr C.E.W. Bean perhaps one of the ablest war correspondents on Service and a man whose ability is recognised by all as not only a clever journalist but a far-seeing solid man who never loses sight of those two enormous factors Truth and Justice, understands the Colonial so well, so intimately for is he not one

[Page 60]
of us that never in any of his records can you find a trace or mention of any disparaging remark as to our faulty discipline. After all it is the results that count and surely we have achieved our purpose in so far as we have gone.

I freely admit Mr Bartlett has spoken in the most eulogistic terms of we sons of the Southern Cross which is duly appreciated by us one and all but not in the same measure as an Article of Bean's where praise is bestowed where deserved and discredit shewn when occasion demands.

With many thanks dear Wal for your letter and my love to Elsie for the sox most welcome of articles not forgetting the son and heir
Your aff coz
Benno.

[Page 61]
P.S. I regret to say the "Bayard" is temporarily out of action not from any defect but because I am unable to obtain any 380 [lubricant] – my old stock being exhausted.
I have thoroughly overhauled the working and functional parts and despite the rough and heavy handling to which the arm has been subjected find they are in excellent condition denoting surely enough the workmanship and class of material used.

Yrs.
Claude Benson.
Ye Gods. It's exactly 12 mos today since I sailed from Pinkenba on this stunt.

[Page 62]
[Sapper, later Lieutenant, Alexander Kenneth (Ken) Blackwell, No 549, 22, a telegraphist from Pilliga NSW, enlisted on 4 December 1914 at age 22, and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A54 Runic on 19 February 1915 with the 2nd Signal Troop, 3rd Reinforcements. He served at Gallipoli and later in Egypt. He returned to Australia on 29 April 1919.

These pages give the story of his journey to Egypt and his service at Gallipoli (in diary form) up until his transfer to hospital in Mudros, followed by a letter to Jim Hope written on his return to the Peninsula.]
AKB
2nd Sig Troop AE
Volunteered AIF 3rd Dec 14
Sig School Melbourne 9th
Embarked at Sydney on White Star "Runic" 19th Feby 15
Port Melbourne pier 22 [Feby]
The Runic had on board about four hundred reinforcements. A very good voyage to Melbourne.
Went on duty at on bridge with a few others Signalling after leaving Sydney.
At Melbourne we stayed a week on board only getting off for a route march to St Kilda and back.
Here we took aboard twelve

[Page 63]
hundred more reinforcements. This made the boat fairly packed
We slept in canvas hammocks and which were slung after a certain hour at night & rolled up in the morning.
Mess tables would accommodate from 18 to 25 men. Each day two men were detailed to fetch food from the cookhouse and clean up. The food was very good.
Left Melbourne Feb 29th
Arrived Albany Mch 4.
Albany is situated on a very pretty little bay. The town is small. Here we had a route march. Half the troops going off at a time We stayed two days.

[Page 64]
The men began to growl here. They were very fresh and fit, The OC when on shore after lining the men up prior to the march questioned all the officers regarding their revolvers & ammunition.
The men did not take kindly to it. Many fell out of the ranks after walking a while on some pretext really wanting a beer.
Left Albany March 7
Arrived Columbo [March] 20.
The trip across the Indian Ocean was very monotonous. The sea being like a mill pond all the way. I found the heat two days before reaching the Equator more oppressive than at the line.

[Page 65]
The sunsets here were beautiful to see. I stood several times for an hour at a time watching Sunset.
Columbo was a[n] interesting place The first touch of Oriental life. No troops were allowed off. This order made the men wild they took the matter in their own hands. All round the ship were native boats of all sizes selling their wares. Curios mostly, & diving for money. These people are terrible cadgers They got very cute besides wanting prices a dozen times the value of an article they got cute enough not to dive for copper coins

[Page 66]
Well the men on board after deciding to go ashore were tumbling down ropes into these native boats who would take them ashore.
They even pushed the officers aside who tried to stop the lowering of the ships boats every boat the men lowered and about 300 got away in them. It was an exciting time I was on the bridge at the time & kept very busy communicating with the shore stations. These men scattered everywhere and had to be rounded up and brought in.
Left Columbo Mch 22
Arrived Aden [March] 28

[Page 67]
Leaving Colombo we hugged the Indian coast for a couple of days & cut across the Arabian sea.
The heat was terriffic at Aden. We were promised leave ashore here but when arrived we were told of a Smallpox outbreak so after staying half a day we left. The natives here again are great dealers curios & eatables & Tobacco.
Saw a red headed nigger.
Arrived Suez There is a big army garrison at Aden. It is said that rain falls about once in seven years.
Arrived Suez. April 1
We the red sea is so called

[Page 68]
I do not know. We took the eastern course & was in view of the african coast all the way. The barreness of the country is pitiable.
We anchored in the suez harbour at about 11 am & at 12.30 we entrained for Cairo. I was one of a guard party to prevent natives from coming near the ship. Was greatly amused with them. The same scenes The same style of dress, the skirt. The native police look very smart. Apparently they are picked men of good size fine physique. Most of them speak French fluently with only a smattering of english. The policeman carries a strong

[Page 69]
cane. He does not hesitate to use it either. Unmercifully at times over the head or anywhere.
After leaving the wharf by train we pulled up to change engines in the middle of the town. The train service provides first second and third class. The whole train entirely manned by Egyptians.
Well when we pulled up a howling mob rushed the train selling fruit tobacco etc It was extremely interesting but I didn't like the dirty animals touch
For the first half of the journey we were in sight of the canal. The country was desert with an occasional

[Continued on page 72]

[Page 70]
K. Blackwell

[Page 71]
[On Active Service envelope]
J A Hope Esq
14 Fitzroy Ave
Balmain
N.S W
Australi[a]
[Signed] K Blackwell

[Page 72]
[Continued from page 69]
green patch irrigated from the fresh water canal which runs alongside Suez canal
We did not go into Ismaila but turned off. Soon after we got in to most luxurient country the Nile flats.
A vast contrast to the desert everywhere the eyes rested on greenery. The country appeared to have a splendid system of irrigation.
The train pulled up twice on the journey. We amused ourselves a bit by throwing biscuits to the kiddies.
Reached Cairo about 8 30 pm the same day. We marched out to Abassieh camp a tramp of about three miles, through sand most of the way.

[Page 73]
Abassieh Camp is on the desert. Cairo itself is on a strip of country very narrow. River flat.
Heliopolis a suburb of Cairo is a beautiful place it adjoined the camp.
This place was intended for a second
This suburb was built mainly by a company There are many beautiful buildings. The grandest of them all is a large hotel, originally built for a second Monte Carlo but a white elephant. While at Abassieh camp the troops ran amok Over a beer question The canteens were levelled to the ground

[Page 74]
After being at Abassieh a few days I joined up with the troop in camp at Maadi.
Maadi camp is situated on the fringe of the desert. The Suburb is a European quarter.
I had the pleasure of meeting Roy here & while in camp together had many good walks & meals together. The work consisted chiefly grooming & looking after the horses
Had many very interesting rides over the desert
The dead or placed in Tombs A native funeral is comical Professional mourners head the procession with songs.
Saw ruins of ancient places Old Cairo is an eye opener

[Page 75]
remains of buildings probably centuries old now dust. When one house tumbles down another is built on top of the fallen house. Thus you see heaps of dirt thirty feet or more thick. The fallaheen of a middle class houses are built of mud.
A house or a portion of a house often falls in. Windows or furniture are unknown things generally. The poorer fallaheen are dirty immoral wretches who live in a congregation of small mud huts with no ventilation. The camel donkey or whatever domestic animal they have lives with them. In an area that half a dozen Europeans would live in may be found hundreds of Egyptians.
Manure is used for fuel

[Page 76]
The womenfolk do most of the field work.
The native part quarter of Cairo is an abominable place. The ancient water carrier with the hog skin the money lender the street criers may be seen. The streets are narrow sharp angled filthy.
Cairo itself has many pretty spots. Some grand buildings A splendid tram service
A visit to the Zoological gardens or Museum cut out a day I did nothing but wonder at the museum Simply beyond my ken. What I saw Saw mummified animals of all sorts, rats to human beings Rameses II & queen. Most of them enclosed in gold casing. Gold seemed to plentiful when a cat dog or sheep could have a coating of gold.
The wool on sheep altho perhaps

[Page 77]
a thousand years old looked good as new.
Zoo very pretty. Fine lot of Giraffes, Hippo's Rhinoceros
While out riding got a kick from horse. went to hospital. Came out of hospital and entrained for Alexandria as infantry reinforcements. Arrived & embarked on "Lutzow" for Dardenelles May 16th 15.
Landed "Anzac" under shrapnel fire from enemy May 20th 15
Took up our position
Dug in & established a signal station. Our position in Shrapnel Gully A regular death trap. The snipers bad. Went away sick

[Page 78]
on "Dunbye Castle"
While on board very close to "Triumph" when torpedoed & went down in five minutes Taken to Clearing station at Moudros the seaport of island of Lemnos.
his place is Greek.

Dear Jim
I started a few notes & but Ive given em up too much trouble
As you read I was a way for a while crook but back again only away few weeks
I fancy Ill remember everything without the aid of notes Im sending them along to you

[Page 79]
they may be of some interest
Things going along just the same We are still on the Peninsula bogging away at it like Hell.
I could do with a spell
Hope all the family are well
Kindest regards to wife & Self
Ken

[Page 80]
[Corporal, later Lieutenant then Captain, Charles Adrian Boccard, No 126, a miner, joined the Army on 24 September 1914 aged 33. He embarked from Melbourne, Victoria, on HMAT A38 Ulysses on 22 December 1914. He was wounded at Gallipoli on 25 August 1915. He then served with the 13th Battalion in France where was again wounded in action in July 1916 and his left leg was amputated. On recovering, described as a journalist who spoke French fluently, he became an Intelligence officer. He was awarded the Military Cross (1917) with Bar (1919), and the Croix de Guerre (1918) and Medaille de Honneur avec Glaives (1919).

Letter describes his wounding on 25 August 1915 and the subsequent actions of his unit.]
[Envelope – printed heading: On His Majesty's Service]
Letters from the Front from C. Boccard

[Page 81]
"Idalia"
Thompson St.
Marrickville
10.1.16

To The Librarian
Mitchell Library

Dear Sir

In answer to request in daily papers I enclose letter from my Friend. Who left here a Private in the 13th Battalion trusting it will be acceptable.

I remain
Yours truly
John. H. Hodson.

[Page 82]
"Y" Ward.
3rd London General Hospital
Wandsworth
London S.W.
24/11/15

Dear Snowy,

I managed to stop one at last, after a good many close shaves. I was hit in the groin on August the 25th. I had a heavy dinner fork in the pocket of my tunic, the bullet glanced off the handle & after making a gaping wound 3 inches square it travelled right across the stomach, finally lodging in the right thigh.
I was operated on at the ambulance station & then removed to the clearing station.
There I had a heavy hemorrhage, was opened up again, & re-operated on. All this little lot within 5 hours. Next morning I was taken on board a hospital ship, & eventually arrived in Alexandria where I stayed five weeks in hospital.

The surgeons only gave me a bare fighting chance of a recovery, but I was in great condition all the 18 weeks that I was on the Peninsula, & that pulled me through.

[Page 83]
After I had been two days in Egypt, my wound turned septic. The stomach was purple & had no feeling in it. The poison only had to sink about an eighth of an inch to do the trick, & the wound was discharging so much, that I smelt like four dead Turks. However I managed to pull through, was then X rayed, & the bullet extracted from the outside of the right thigh.

After that I improved like a house of on fire, & was sent to England (to heal up) in the "Karoola" which had been fitted out by the Commonwealth Government at Southampton as a super hospital ship. Unfortunately the vibration from the engines went clean through me, & I was in agonies all the way. I simply lived on morphia & aspirin, so that when I arrived here I was a regular death's head.

I am in an Australian officers' ward. I have had some complications which necessitated a 4th operation, & I have at least one more to come, but all the

[Page 84]
same I am now pretty well out of the wood. Temperature normal, sleeping well, & eating like a horse.

We were at Suvla out Suvla Bay way when I got smacked. Perhaps it was just as well that I got it on the 25th as two days later we had our final stunt, before going into a rest camp at Lemnos island. The objective was a Turkish trench 30 yds away. The 13th Battalion advanced in 3 lines, & not a man got half way, every officer who took part was either killed or wounded so I was well out of it.

The 13th, arrived at Lemnos with 176 men, out of about 2000, as we had at least a 1000 reinforcement. There is hardly anyone of the original battalion left. I have received my second star, & am now a first lieutenant. I was a sort of fractional engineer for the 2nd Division just before the Suvla advance, making artillery roads, cutting saps &c.

[Page 85]
When we entrenched at Suvla I was made responsible for the up keep of the trenches, burial of bodies of which there were a good many, cutting of communication saps &c. Of course if there was any scrapping going on I took charge of my platoon.

When the 18th Battalion came on the scene we went into reserve, & I was made their bomb-throwing instructor, I only gave them one lesson, as I was bowled over the same day.

My people are in Paris, so I am going to run over there as soon as I am well enough.

After that, I will be sent back to Australia, as I won't be myself for some considerable time.

A Balmain boy young Lown, son of a Darling St (No 200) grocer, was knocked over in May. I wrote to his people as he was a friend of mine, & I believe they published my letter. He is the only Balmain-ite I know

[Private Mervyn Allen Lown, No 193, 13th Battalion]

[Page 86]
Well old chap, I hope you are doing well. Remember me to old Jim, Jack Fraser, & any of the old hands that I knew.

I am afraid this has been rather an egotistical letter, but I will give you the general news when I get back to where the Sun shines every day. It is deucedly cold & foggy here.

Believe me
Yr old pal
C Boccard Lt

[Page 87]
[Lieutenant, later Captain, Walter Granleese Boys, a master draper from Maryborough, Queensland, joined the Army in 1914 at age 24, and embarked from Brisbane, Queensland, on HMAT A60 Aeneas on 29 June 1915. He served with the 25th Battalion at Gallipoli and in France, where he died of wounds on 5 August 1916.

Includes a covering letter from his mother Annie Boys, a memorial photograph of Walter Granleese Boys and a photograph of his grave.]
Granleese
March St
Maryborough
17 Oct

To the Editor of the Anzac Memorial

Dear Sir

In reading your book I find you would be glad to receive any information re our brave Anzac boys who have fought & died for our freedom, I am the sad but proud Mother of one the late Capt W.G. Boys 25th Batt. D Coy 7th Brigade A.I.F. he served at Gallipoli & then went to France where he fell in that terrible battle at Pozeries when the 25th Batt was almost wiped out two officers being left after the charge Capt Donish [Captain William Frederick Donisch, 25th Battalion] & my son, I take the liberty of sending you a copy of his last letter he wrote also a photo of himself & his grave, he came through the first attack only to fall in the second, he was wounded in the head by a High E. shell on the 4th Aug. 1916. & died on the 5th at the dressing station.

[Page 88]
I shall be pleased to hear from you (if no trouble) & trust I am not too much worry.

Yours very sincerely
In sorrow
Annie Boys.

When the flowers strew the roadways
And the boys come marching home
To the cheering of the people & the beating of the drum
When the father's hands shall grasp them
And the Mother's arms shall clasp them
Oh have pity for the watching ones
Whose lads will never come
A B

[Page 89]
[Copy of letter from Captain Walter Granleese Boys, typewritten under the letterhead of W.Boys & Sons, Specialty Drapers of Maryborough, QLD.]
Somewhere in France. 2/8/16

Dear All at Home,

That I am alive to have a chance of writing to you all once again is a miracle. I have had an experience I never again wish to have.

My Company was ordered into the attack on [blank] [Pozieres] It was a big attack and we had to charge 700 yds. I cannot explain the feeling I had for about 12 hours before the charge. I had sole command of my portion of the attack with 250 men. I had to march on a compass bearing for 3 miles before I got to the debouching point through a perfect hell of fire.

I moved to the attack at 7.30 p.m., and as soon as I began to move I lost all nervousness and felt sure of success. I would like to give you full details of the battle, which was the biggest and fiercest battle yet fought in the whole war, even worse that Verdun they say.

I went with the first line myself and my word my men fought well. They fell around me like flies but on we went as if in a dream while the smell of powder and the din of the guns and bombs etc. nearly turned my head. I reached the Germans' barb wire with "some" of my men, but could not get through and the Hun brought his maxim guns on to us. and we were forced

[Page 90]
to retire. I gave the order to retire much against my will and what remained of my men got back that night but I had to see all my men from the German lines before I could leave and when day broke I found myself about 30 yds from his trench. What I did was to lie still and imagine I was dead from 4. a.m. on one day to 12.10 a.m. on the following day – 20 hours and 10 minutes.

I had no water and it was very hot and there were hundreds of dead and wounded lying all around me. It seemed years that 20 hours. The Germans came out and bound up our wounded and passed me for dead and eventually I managed to crawl to our own lines under cover of night. I was almost off my head.

During the 20 hours I was out I had to be under a most terrific bombardment but somehow God watched over me and I got through all right. I received several small scratches but none serious. The Doctor says I can go hospital but I am going to hang on. They have given me a staff job on the 5th Brigade for the next battle.

Poor Vic: Warry was killed beside me. He fought splendidly and was right on top of the Germans when he went down. I nearly went mad when I saw him fall. Poor Vic, he died at the head of his men like a soldier.

[Victor Thomas Warry, 2nd Lieutenant, 25th Infantry Battalion.]

[Page 91]
Somewhere in France. 2/8/16.

I am writing to Mrs. Warry when I get settled a bit but I would like you to tell them I was beside him when he fell and he was as brave as could be.

When I look back on what I have gone through it makes me shudder but I feel sure many prayers are being sent up for me, otherwise I should never have pulled through. I lost 75% of my men and out of 13 officers who were in the charge, 2 officers returned, of which I am one.

I am too upset to write any more just now but will write you a long letter when we go back to rest.

I hope you are all well and happy. Don't forget to pray for me as it is absolute hell here.

Anyhow I have had the honour of being in the biggest battle in history. I expect to get a decoration out of it.

Good-bye and Good Luck,
Yours loving Son,
Walter.

[Page 92]
[Photograph with the following typed information:]
Captain Walter Granleese Boys
25th Australian Infantry.
Born April 7, 1890

Greater love hath no man than this –
"That he lay down his life for his friends,"

[Page 93]
[Photograph of the grave of Captain Walter Boys in France]

[Page 94]
[Corporal, later Sergeant, Thomas Arthur Henry Breaden MSM (Meritorious Service Medal), No 2471, clerk of Dulwich Hill, NSW, joined the Army on 22 July 1915 at age 29. He embarked from Sydney on HMAT A32 Themistocles on 5 October 1915 and served with the 17th Battalion, 5th Reinforcement in France. He returned to Australia on 20 May 1919.]
[Envelope postmarked 27 July 1916 with censor's mark]
Breaden

On Active Service

Mr E. Sawell.
The "Daily Telegraph" Newspaper Co.
King and Castlereagh Sts.
Sydney
New South Wales
Australia.

[Signed:] D.I. Windel

[Page 95]
[Typewritten letter]
Somewhere in France.
June 25th 1916.

Dear Mr Sawell.

How I spent the Anniversary of my Birth.

After I had finished my official duties last evening the 24th, it being then about 9 o'clock and quite light, I strolled along one of the roads running parallel to the trenches which were some 2 or 3 miles distant, in company with a fellow mate. The evening was most beautifully fresh after a heavy shower of rain, which of course, made the road somewhat muddy. That little item, by the way, did not trouble us much as we have become quite used to mud and slush since being in the trenches. The vicinity in which we passed through had recently been shelled very heavily, the place being covered with shell-holes about 4 feet deep and 6 feet across, irrespective of the young potato, peas and cereal crops, sown by the French people remaining in these parts, mostly old men and women who, it appears, do not care to leave their homes although somewhat battered and knocked about by shell fire and concussion.
One shell had lodged alongside a terrace of houses and to give you some idea of the force of pieces of shrapnel from it, the side of the brick wall nearest to the bursting shell was shattered with holes both large and small quite 2 or 3 inches deep. Our Aircraft was busy on the evening in question, there being 7 or 8 aeroplanes up with High Explosive shells bursting round them. Otherwise all was quiet.
On arriving back to our billet we were met by our Sergeant who informed us that some boiled chicken and green peas, a rare luxury which had been procured from one of the adjoining farm houses, was awaiting our disposal so with a couple of tins of preserved fruit we had bought during our ramble, we made quite a tasty supper, except that we could get nothing stronger than chlorinated water to drink. Knowing that our Artillery was to be very active at 11 p.m. that night we did not retire early in view of the enemy's probable retaliation, when it might have been necessary for us to don our equipment etc, in readiness to support the boys in the trenches. Our assistance, however, was not required, although it is safe to say that our trenches received some "strafe", as experienced by us a few times during our last tour there. Our guns continued pounding the enemy trenches for over two hours, so it was after 1 o'clock this morning before we actually turned in to sleep soundly after our long day.

It was 8 o'clock when I again greeted the Anniversary of my birth. There being not much work to do, I did not stir until I heard that breakfast was ready, which was comprised of the usual boiled bacon and tea, with our dry rations of bread, butter and jam (gooseberry this time, a change from the eternal marmalade).
By way of retaliation for our work of last night, the Huns commenced pouring over "coal boxes" thick and fast some of which landed in and around one of our billets, doing little damage except the usual "ploughing up" of the fields. They have been consistent with their shells, in all directions, all day, with, of course, a good deal of counter attack on our part. I believe we met with a few minor casualties in and around the trenches.
Before lunch I obtained permission to go for a stroll with my pal, keeping well away from the zone of bursting shells, with the usual risk of course, and came across an estaminet, the proprietor of which had a camera, so I speculated a

[Page 96]
a few francs by posing before the lens. Should they be satisfactory you will doubtless see a print later on.
It being somewhat warm after our long walk, we indulged in a glass or two of good English beer to commemorate my birthday and in order that the boys at "home" should also drink my health, I smuggled a couple of bottles of champagne into the forbidden area, which we consumed at lunch. (Champagne can be bought here at 5 or 6 francs a bottle and it has some sparkle in it too.)
This afternoon our aeroplanes attacked the German Observation balloons, with the result that one was destroyed and others damaged. We had the unique experience, some few days back of seeing one of our own Observation balloons adrift, going higher and higher in the air each minute and travelling towards the German lines. The two observers we could see quite plainly, they having jumped from their precarious position, gradually getting closer to Mother Earth under the support of parachutes. I have not heard exactly where they landed but rumours point to the fact that they had no option but to land somewhere beyond our parapets. I understand that there is to be more "strafe" between our and probably the enemy artillery to-night, which means that I entered the Anniversary of my birth under heavy fusilade of guns and will also bid farewell to the day with shells tearing and shrieking over my head. It is to be hoped that my next will be under more pleasant circumstances.

June 26th. As long as I am spared on this Earth, I shall never forget the sight and uproar that presented itself to me last evening. It is beyond me to describe as there is nothing to compare, except as mentioned over and over again, "Hell on Earth". All our guns were belching forth huge shells, and each time they fired one would see a terrific flash in the darkness as large as the "New Year's Eve" bonfire. Imagine say 50 to 60 guns along our front speaking every few seconds continuously for one hour. Then again, as the shells landed in and around the German trenches, the explosion causes a similar flash of liquid flame, lighting up the vicinity, and giving one the opinion that it would be utterly impossible for any living being to survive the ordeal. This, together with the enemy bombardment livened things up a bit, I can assure you. When all is said and done, I understand that the casualty list all round is not so very heavy. When all was quiet again we turned in and this morning one would hardly realise that such a commotion took place last night.

Not having had a mail to answer for the past four weeks, I have written the above to show that I am still hale and hearty, with the hope that this will find you and all my friends the same.

Yours sincerely,
(Cpl) Thos. A. H. Breaden.

[Page 97]
[Private, later Corporal, Raymond Paul Brett, No 2112, a labourer from Sydney, NSW, joined the Army on 22 April 1915 at age 24. He embarked from Sydney, NSW, on HMAT A63 Karoola on 16 June 1915. He served with the 2nd Battalion at Gallipoli and on the Western Front, and was killed in action in Belgium on 8 January 1918 at the Battle of Messines, Wytschaete, Belgium.

Includes descriptions of his life in Egypt before going to Gallipoli, of the fighting there, and of his experiences in hospital and while convalescent in England.]
2112 Pte Raymond Paul Brett
6th Reinforcements
2 Battalion
1st Australian Infantry Brigade

Enlisted April 28. 1915
left Sydney shores June 16th 1915
left Egypt August 1st 1915
Arrived at Achi Baba Gallipoli Peninsular August 6th 1915
Taken out of trenches Sept 9th Enteric fever slight wounds

[Page 98]
[On letterhead of the Young Men’s Christian Association "with H. M. Mediterranean Forces in Egypt"]
Heliopolis Egypt
6th 2nd Batt 1st A.I.F. C Coy

Dear Mum

I am in Heliopolis E 2 weeks and have had no letter yet I am 120 miles inland

Dear Mum

Just these words from a good man in a damed bad place. I am in a part of the world that is reeking with everything that is bad. Where I am the heat is always from 100° F to 125° F. I am leaving for the Front in 12 hours time to do our bit. Dear Mum you can bet your life that I will always be there when I am wanted Alec is in the Hospital here, through the same complaint. I have seen some wonderful things pyramids, sphinx I also saw the well that the Virgin Mary drank out of and the Tree that the Virgin Mary and the Child Jesus shelterd behing when fleeing from Herod

[Page 99]
a little of over 3,000 years ago. Some of the Sights are wonderful to see Mosque's and old Cities and around the Native quarters it would make you shudder to look at, there is disease and mystery everywhere. The Natives themselves are Dirty poverty stricken lazy & rotton to the back bone

I am leaving here in 12 hours that will be at 7.30 AM (August 1st) Sunday morning for the Dardanelles I think we are going to Achi-Baba The general opoinion here is that the war will not last much longer. The different Countries and and Islands and the people well I will come home as soon as it is all over I will tell you things that will simply astonish you,

[Page 100]
[YMCA. letterhead]
you could never realize the thing that I have seen, and what is more I could not describe fully to you. I am writing this letter to you on Saturday night 8 oclock. I get plenty of hard work here, weary stretches through sandy deserts, it is nothing else here North south east or west but sand (deserts) plenty of Camels Donkeys, Seldom you ever see a horse. I think I must stand another inch taller a foot wider and as hard as a rock we start work here at 5 in the morning.

Dear old mum I would give the world to see your face and one kiss, before I go

[Page 101]
but I kiss your photo instead We get no papers here only papers about 3 months old or and Egyptian paper that is nothing else but Ad's. I will finish now, Give my love to Dad & George and Nance and Mrs Cook and Aunt You can rest assured Mother that I will always play the game and make good

I have been offered two stripes (Corporal) but I refused them for there is too much work and abuse for my liking and I would start to go crook & that would be bad, dont forget my wish, please look after am Amy for me & tell her I want you to do so.

If anything is worrying you

[Page 102]
[YMCA letterhead ]
just thing of your son y who is leading leading a very hard life. Orders are to be obeyed here or you will be taken into the desert and shot like a dog. But that has no fear for me I am here in a good cause I will live as good as I can and play the game. I can go no further
I remain
Your Ever Loving Son who loves his dear old Mum
ta-ta and 1 million Kisses
I will not get any letter from you for some time, but write all the same on the off chance

[Page 103]
[Letter undated and unsigned but presumed to be by Raymond Paul Brett.]
[On Letterhead of The Young Men's Christian Association Army Department. Mediterranean Expeditionary Force Alexandria, Egypt. 1915]
I will be leaving the Hospital shortly.

St Patricks Hospital
Malta

Dear Mum

I received a very welcome letter from you and you dont know how I felt at getting it. I was in the trenches doing Observation duty through a periscope, – (a thing with 2 glasses in it) when a lad came behind me and sang out, a letter for you Brett. I had to wait till my time was up before I could read it, But I knew that only one hand in the universe wrote that way. I have been in the firing line now about 7 weeks. I have been in one Bayonet charge. We were placed in the 2nd Battalion as soon as we arrived in Gallipoli. Once on about

[Page 104]
the 6th of August 5.30 in the afternoon, there was a great crowd all under cover at different points of the fighting line, on the word of command we fixed bayonets loaded our rifles and then the next thing was charge (oh mummer.)

The Turks poured machine gun fire, Artillery, shrapnell shells, and Bombs, rifle fire, Lydite, and the Lords only knows what into us. We had to get over 80 yards of Flat grounds covered in barbed wire. Well mum we up and at them and for the next 36 hours, well imagine it, I cant describe it. We drove the Turks out of their position in 10 minutes, but it was their counter attack that hurt. I felt like something that had been in a cage with a few playful lions & Tigers for a year or too dinkum

The position we are in is a safe one, no danger at all now. The allies are landing troops in all directions and closing like a net completely crushing the Turks. They are beaten to the wide world and they know it, in fact they tell us themselves. This is a positive fact the We are capturing them in 1 2 3 4 and up to 7 hundred at a time, besides that they are sneaking out of their own lines in dozenens and coming into ours to give themselves up, and they are as pleased as punch laughing and talking, and in fact they show keen pleasure to be taken prisoners. We have strong proof that the German cows are forcing Turkey to fight. The Turks have their own Officers over them besides German Officers. The Turkish

[Page 105]
Army is covered by machine guns and closely watched day & night by the Germans, who are ready to fire on them, if they attempt to run away or turn at any time, because the Turks do not want to fight and if they can get half a chance they will squib it. The war will not last very long now, the big heads over here give Turkey 2 months and Germany 4 or 5 months. I was thinking in bed the other night of what you told me before I left, something about you being told I would be home on February 16th 1916 I hope it comes true. You need have no fears regarding me for you know what I told you before I left home that I will be alright beliebe believe me, you can bet your life on that. I always did turn up trumps at any time you know that.

In the first place I have have been in Aden port Suez. I have had different shifts across the Desserts of Egypt by train and saw some wonderful sight such as Old cities, Egyptian Villages, Citadels, Towns, Crossed the Nile, Pyramids, Sphinx, where Moses The part where Moses the great law giver was hidden Alexandria. Then on to the Islands of Embross, Mudross, and then to the peninsular of Gallipoli where I done my bit of fighting, last but not least Malta which is only 3 days sail from England. When I come back I will tell you some of the manners and customs of the

[Page 106]
different classes of the different countries I have been in, both rich and poor. Before I forget it tell George that there is no place like home and that Sydney is the best place to stay in. The 2 months fighting that I have have done in a strange country is hell with the lid off. Hard work sleepless days and nights on the watch, and your food not always at hand when you get it, it is only Bully beef & hard biscuits Biscuits some times a little extras not often. I hope to get back home very soon. Now a little bit home. I hope the the lane is just the same.

[Page 107]
Sept 29th 1915.

Rubery Asylum
2nd Birmingham War Hospital.
Northfield Birmingham
England

A Merry Xmas and happy New Year to all

Dear Mother

Just a few lines to let you know that I very near well again. I am allowed up and am walking about in the Hospital now. Now Every where I have been, and I have been in four Hospitals and 2 hospital ships, I have been treated so kindly and so well looked after

[Page 108]
[The individual pages of this two-page spread are not in chronological order. Transcribed as they should be read; see image for details.]
that, really I could not be better looked after in my own home, except for my own mother face at that they can't replace here. The Sisters and the Nurses and Doctor simply cant be beat. It took 7 Days to come from Malta (Hospital) to Southampton and then 6 hours in the train to here (Northfield)

I can write you good news in this that the English French Russians and Canadians are beating the German [dash] up in good old style. They have taken a tumble to the fact that they are beaten. They are hemmmed in on all sides, at the present time, in fact the Germans are getting an extra special brand of ELL bashed out of them. The Dardanelles will not reign long now There will be a clean sweep over there shortly

In another week or so I will be going to some Convalescent Home, where I will be able to draw my money and go any where as long as I am back for meals. Then when I leave

[Page 109]
the Home I will get Ten days leave to visit any friend that I know and I can stay with them for the 10 days. When I get this latter leave I will get all my pay (Back pay) I have about £8 to spend There is a girl comes to see me and she is going to arrange everything for my Holiday, So you see there are some good people and places in this old world. Now dear mum about you, I hope you are well and still the same old mum and I hope dad is the same

My word when the war is over wont I wish to get back home and if I dont make you and dad laugh, well I know it.

I have gone through some hardships and strife in my time, but this takes the bun. But with all the hard knocks and rough times I am glad that I came and am doing my bit. If the stay at homes only could realize what we are up against they would all come, in fact th the heads ought to brand them so they will always be known

[Page 110]
I will tell you many a good tale when I get Back remember me to all, especially Mrs Cook and Nancy

pleas dont write yet for I dont know where I am going to fight when I get ready which I will be glad to do. There is a fascination about this fighting game It good give full play to all my feelings and emotions coolness is wanted here Temper never.

You dont know, nor or would not believe what the Germans have done in Europe, The awful things are to bad to even think of, They have commited some of the rottonest things that the devil himself could not think of (ugh)

Well mum I will finish now hoping that you and dad and George are in the best of health and doing well, and Bless you all and me too
from your loving son to his mother
Raymond XXX XXX XXX
wanderer

[Page 111]
an afterthought
tell dad not to forget a feed of fruit when I get back. He is a good old stick aint he mum eh what
does he still delay the meals and do you rouse. (eh.)

pleas excuse writing as it is sure mighty damned cold here believe me XXXX
Ray

[Page 112]
My Dear Mum,

Just these few lines to you and Dad, hoping that you are well and happy. I am still in the Hospital yet, but I am getting on fine I am up out of bed all day. We have a concert room here, as big as the King's and a couple of times a week we have proper Vaudeville Artists come and amuse us and they are really good

I have been Motor driving and to afternoon parties to different places and enjoyed myself top hole. The girls are simply lovely, they look after us in lots of ways I have about 9 girls writing to me and They they come to the Hospital to see me. They have a very good opinion of us Australians

Their are about 150 Australians in this place and we are about the only Australians they have seen, so we have a good time I went to a parties party on last Saturday (10th Oct) to a little village on the bank of a river and watched a lot of sports and then had tea and some Music & singing and left to come home at about 6 oclock –

[Page 113]
As soon as we arrived there about 3 oclock we were made at home to feel at home right away. The girls were going round giving out dainties of all kinds. There were only about 15 Australians allowed to go there, so you can imagine the time we (I) had (eh what) The Girls simply stuffed us up with yards of Cigarettes, Sweets and a heap of other nice things. I must say that the girls I have come in contact with are simply great, and they are as good and pure as they are pretty. I have one particular girl here, who comes to see me whenever she can. She is simply bonz and she come every time she get an opportunity. I simply could not speak highly enough of the people here nor of o’ their many kindnesses They send me letters (nice ones) and Cig's and fruit fruit and sweets and oh everything

The Hospital is situated in a beautiful green country and the air is lovely and pure (like me). Well mum be good and keep well. Dont let Bulgaria worry you, because we have troops ready for her and theirs will be a sorry nation besides we have two other nations on our

[Page 114]
side to come in yet, and if Bulgaria does start, they will be compelled to bog in to her (Greece & Roumania) The whole lot will be over shortly. Well mum old dear I will write to you every week which I have tried to do so far, and let you know how I am. I wrote a big long letter 9 pages to Charlie Macdonald which I know he will be interested in. That is if it passes trough the hands of our natural enemy the Censor. But I suppose he has to do his duty as well as we have. I will be as fast fat as a pig when I leave here.

When I come out of Hospital I will go to a Convalescent Hospital untill I am properly better then I go to the English Australian Base to get fitted out, down the South of England somewhere. Then least but not last I get about 14 days furlough to go where I like and stay with any friend that I care to, The only thing is that my headquarters want an address from me. I have about 200 places to go to. You know Mum when I say two hundred I mean this, that I have plenty

[Page 115]
of friends here, who want me to come to their homes. Men wow women and girls. Their is is one place that I am going to The particular girl I was telling you about her name is Beatrice Cook and lives in the country, I have had a letter from her Mum d Mother and father asking to make their country home mine, while I am on furlough. Which I intend to do It would be better for me to go into the country amongst a good family would would'nt it. I would be better off in the country than in London. My girl friend will be able to show me some of the sights. Well dear old mum I had better finish soon and write later on. I am happy and doing well here so don't worry. I am sending you my photo shortly and then you will see for your self so good night to my Mother & father & George from

Your loing loving Son
Raymond
Don't write because I never get a letter
2nd Birmingham War Hospital
Northfield Bir'ham.

Remember me to Nance & Mrs Cook.

[Page 116]
Australian Camp
Bostall Heath
Abbey Wood
Kent Eng
Decr 1915

My Darling Mum

I received your letter of October 27th to day 14th December, and was very pleased to hear from you. I am glad that you are alright mum. If you want any money at any time use mine. I am in the pink of Condition. Height in boots 5 ft 11 inc weight 11 stone 7 lbs. In the S M Herald I received from you, I cut my name out of the Casuality list, as being in Malta. The Next thing was, that I was carted to Gibralter, from there to Southampton then to Birmingham, than to the 2nd Bir-ham War Hospital where I stayed in Bed 5 weeks with Enteric and my wounds (slightly) were all out in septic poisoning. When I got better I was sent to a Convalesent home at Epsom. The famous racecourse is there. I went all over that. I stayed there 3 weeks, and I had 14 days furlough granted to me, also £14 (fourteen) I went and had a free leg in a place called Yardly. I was about the first Australian down

[Page 117]
[Note at top of page:] The High Commissioners address will find me at any time

there. I reigned like a little king. If I went in a pub for a drink, there was alway some gentleman or more wanting to pay for me. I went into the Colosieum and a few other big theartres in London. I went also to a place called Stratford on Avon (Shakespeare)

Whilst in London I visited the Tower of London, Westminister Abbey, saw Big Ben and also St Pauls. and I have been boating on the Thames. I have been under, on, and over the Thames. London Bridge also. I happened to be in London When Asquiths Daughter got spliced.
You want to get the S. M. Herald dated September the fourth in it you will read about a fight I was in, which lasted 4 days and 4 nights. Baxter and I were placed in the first line to hop over the parapet and attack the Enemy. We charged from different points. There was a roll call after And only about 120 men answered there names out of the 2nd Batt alone. Oult Out of my little crowd there was about 13 of us. Baxter was killed alongside me. I had the cap shot off my head. Barb wire cuts when

[Note in right margin:] "C" Company 120 13 LH – 6th Reifts 2 Batt

[Page 118]
we burst through the enemys barb wire. One slight shrapnel wound on the instep two on left arm One on shoulder blade. rifle shot out of my hand. A bullet went in my pack on my back and set fire to it. I hung on for the end. But mind you I was only slightly cut about. I saw ground simply covered with dead men. We made the damn Turks get very busy.

Tell Nance I think of her and Dad & George and give my very best love and a kiss to Mrs Cook. The girls here are simply lovely I wont break my heart of Amy. I tipped it. Write and let me know all about her. I will be going back to the front for another smack at them in the New Year sometime. All this time Aleg Alec Gordon was in the Hospital in Egypt, suffering from bellyache. He came to the Peninsular on the day before I was taken to the Hospital ship. I have been treated like a toff since. You please keep up a good heart, for I will come home again to you (believe me) Ask George does he know anything about Amy. I wont write to her any more till I hear from you. I always ke knew

[Page 119]
[Note at top of page:] I have received no word from Amy you are the only one that has sent papers and two letters which I received as below. I dont know where the rest are.

that the Perry family could do with a good spring cleaning. I am well, doing well, and having a time, It is simply bonz. (Nance.)

All I hope is that my dear old Mum is well and happy, because I want you to. I will write you a letter every week from this out. (promise)
You write to a Pte R P Brett 2112 (OAS)
2nd Batt
1st Inf Brigade
pr High Commissioner for Australia
London

Dear Mum I will close now with tons of love and kisses from
Your loving Son (I want my Mum)
Raymond
A Million XXXX
Remember me to all who you know, who know me
Thank Mr Ridgeway kindly for me. I have received nothing from anybody. All I have had is on[e] letter in Trenches one letter in England and papers in England. All from you.

[Page 120]
Bertie is mad

please burn this. The Nurse who looked after me in Hospital in England is a dream pretty as a picture and as good as she looks as innocent as a lamb upta upstairs. She would have been in Australia now, only for the War. I visited her mother and father whilst on furlough. They are a real good old Church of England family and they are fine. This girl (Nurse) is a bonny girl. When I left the Hospital she broke down. So I kissed her, and, well never you mind. I will tell you all about her and heaps of good things when I come home.
Good night Mum XXXXX

PS The snow is falling out side, we are going to have a snow fight as soon as I finish this letter.

[Page 121]
January 2nd 1916
Australian Depot
Abbey Wood
Kent

My Dearest Mum

Just these few lines to let you know that I am well and doing well. You know Mother I had a very rough time. I have also had a very good time. I have seen all the sights of London and a few of the large towns in England
By the way remember me kindly to Mrs Dibble and also to Dorothy. She must be growing up now. I would also like you to understand that I am not worrying over Amy. Perhaps it is all for the best. Now Mother dear I have just simply lost my heart about a million times. I have kissed and made love and told lies, to Black White Brown and Brindle. But give me an Australian girl any day.
I am drafted off to go into action again, which will be this month. I dont know what theatre of war I am going too, but what matters where I go. I still have my usual good luck, and all the happy knack of turning up trumps every time. I have completely lost my heart to a little nurse here, and

[Page 122]
the same little girl is going to write and tell you that she has had to honor and privilige of nursing your's truly, and she is also going to tell you that I am a very naughty boy.
How is the old back lane. Is Harry Jones sill still holding forth on the merits of his fish and rabbits, and I often picture in my mind Mrs Bishop and old mother Prior. (god Bless her.)
Well mum I will finish now by telling you to look after yourself and keep good till I come home. I still have those feelings at times of preominition. I have the feeling now that I shall be home in 1916 and early in the year at that. Whether I will come home in pieces or whole, well I cant say so I will now wish you good night XXX looks like Tooths XXX beer, but it isnt its kisses. good night and good luck from
Your ever loving Son
Raymond

tell Dorothy Dibble to play home sweet home for me
not forgetting Mrs Cook.

Damn the Perrys let the[m] go to L I will have my revenge when I come back by laughing at them.

[Page 123]
[Gunner Eric Alister Bull, No 33853, a clerk of Mosman, NSW, joined the Army on 13 October 1916 aged 30, and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A74 Marathon on 10 May 1917 to Fremantle, WA, and re-embarked from Fremantle on HMAT A30 Borda on 29 June 1917. He served with the 7th Field Artillery Brigade in France. On his way home to Australia in October 1919 he toured South Africa with the AIF Cricket Team.

His letter home mentions his reporting "for cricket" and being granted six days leave leave to practise. It also refers to his brother Mike (or Mick) Bull who was visiting London, and names the Australian airman responsible for an aerial acrobatics display in the "The Little Red Devil" Sopwith plane over London on Anzac Day 1919 – see newspaper cuttings following.]
[Envelope post marked London F.S. 2.30 PM 29 Apr 19]
Bull E

Mrs H T R Bull
"Carcoar"
Bradleys Head Rd.
Mosman
Sydney
New South Wales
Australia

[Page 124]
[Newspaper cutting from The Sun, 1919]
Daring Aussie Airmen
"Stunts" over London
("The Sun’s" Special Representative)
London, April 25.

The "Westminster Gazette" says that Australian airmen during the Anzac Day celebrations carried their aeroplaning to the point of discomfort.

Referring to the Sopwith machine, which it calls "a little red devil," that paper says that it threatened to ram the steeple of St. Mary le Strand, and to cut off the flagstaff on Australia House, but always dodged the risks, and returned mockingly like a cheeky street urchin.

The "Globe" described the antics of the Sopwith as delightful.

The newspapers agreed that the Australian airmen’s exhibition of flying was the best seen in London. One machine danced a sort of aerial quadrille, occasionally suggesting imminent collisions.

The pilot of the small high-speed Sopwith thrilled the startled crowds looping and nose-diving above the Mansion House.

[Page 125]
[Newspaper cutting from the Evening News]
"The Red Devil"
Australians in the Air
Features of Anzac Day
London, Sunday Evening

The most striking feature of the Anzac Day celebrations was hair-raising stunts by Australian airmen, particularly on a Sopwith machine which was promptly christened "the Red Devil."

It travelled at a terrible speed, looped and nosedived almost among the chimney pots, and seemed in imminent danger of entangling itself among the telephone wires or crashing on a steeple. The daring feats caused many women to scream.

There was a remarkable demonstration after the procession passed Australia House. Australians among the spectators swarmed in from everywhere and pushed the police easily aside. They gathered round the dais, cheering the Prince of Wales and Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig. They demanded that the Prince should shake hands. He never had a more cordial reception.

Senator Pearce’s Promise

Mr. Hughes, Sir Joseph Cook, and Senator Pearce, in speeches from the stage of His Majesty’s Theatre, paid a tribute to the heroism of the Aussies.

Senator Pearce also promised the men something more substantial than hand-clapping when they returned to Australia.

Mr Hughes, dealing with the problems of reconstruction, said he was delighted to see the way Australian soldiers dealt with the Bolsheviks in Brisbane.

The Australian Y.M.C.A. held Anzac Day memorial services at the Aldwych Theatre.

Bishop Frodsham conducted an Anzac memorial service at Gloucester Cathedral.

[Page 126]
[On letterhead of the Portland Hotel, London.]
28th April 1919

My dearest old Tups,

The Bull Boys are at last in town and not having a bad time of it either. Mike is looking fine and I can tell you we are very pleased to be together. I arrived here three days ago to report for cricket and obtained six days leave as practise is set down for May 1st. Mick has been staying all along with dear old Charlie Patten and seems to be well dug in. Charlie & Mrs Patten have taken a great fancy for your baby boy who carries on just as he did at home and is just as amusing. Charlie describes Mike as a "real caution" and he and Mick

[Page 127]
[Note at top of page signed by William Herbert Ifould, Principal Librarian and Secretary of the Public Library of New South Wales:]
Letter from Private Eric Bull son of Mr. Henry Bull of Horning & Co. Moore St, Sydney. Fixes the identity of the Australian airman in "The Little Red Devil" on Anzac Day, 1919. Captain Leslie H. Holden M.C. son of Mr. H. W. Holden of Warrawee.
WHI.
June 1919

are always having a friendly spar. Charlie was looking for Mick one morning at 9. o'c and couldn't find him in his room or in the bath or anywhere upstairs, but discovered him in the kitchen in his pyjamas pressing a crease into his slacks. He sure is making himself at home & Mrs P & Charlie think he is just great. Even Ada the servant has got used to him by this. Of course little Phyllis and Bobbie are very strong for Uncle Mick and each morning may be found in his bed giving him a love up.

Yesterday we spent the day at Chingford with the Hawkes and what a day it was. Just after we arrived there the most violent snowstorm began which lasted for the rest of the day. Naturally we did not move out till it was time to go home and we did not forget to rub it in about the lovely climate. We had however a lovely time there and Mrs. Hawke & Queenie filled us up with all sorts of good things.

On Friday I saw our 5000 troops march through London and they looked very well and good a very good reception. The display over London by our airmen however took the bun and is easily the best ever seen here A certain red machine was the most talked of and turned out to be Les Holden. You never saw anything like the stunts they were doing just clear of the tops of the buildings along the Strand.

My shoulder is ever so much better and I hope will be OK by the 1st.

I saw Gilbert Hughes looking

[Page 128]
very well and he says his mother and Maria are very well. I must go and see them shortly.

On my way back from France I spent a day in Brussels and enjoyed it very much same being a fine city. I am sending you some pictures of same

You must excuse this letter in pencil and also the scrawl as I am going some but will write you in a few days again.

We are both OK and having no end of a good time.

Give my best love to the dear old Dad Mary Rowl and Tart and I trust all are well & cheery

Heaps & heaps of love for your dear old self
Your son
Eric

PS I have just this minute received a letter from you and Maye of 17/3/19 & very glad to hear all are O.K. Eric.

[Page 129]
[Sylvester Francis Burrows, No 2574, an engine driver from Mittagong, NSW, joined the Army on 19 July 1915 at age 35. He embarked from Sydney on HMAT A14 Euripides on 2 November 1915 with the 18th infantry Battalion, 6th Reinforcements. He served at Gallipoli and with the 3rd Battalion in France where he was killed on 5 November 1916.

This letter, referring to his death, is written by Sergeant John William Nunn, No 2756, 3rd Battalion.]
Somewhere in France
12/11/16

My dear Mrs Burrows.

As Sergeant of the platoon of which your husband was a member, I wish on behalf of the men to express their deepest sympathy to you in the loss of your husband.

I wish also to express the deep regret that is felt by all the men of the platoon, at losing a friend, who was both a soldier and a man.

He was a grand soldier and a good comrade. He had greater experience than most of us, as a soldier, and used his experience to help & cheer the younger men with us.

Concerning his death, he was killed almost instantaneous by concushion from a shell which burst where he was lying, so suffered no pain.

Hoping God will help you to endure your loss, and that you will remember he did his best – He died for his friends,
I remain
Yours in Sympathy
J. W. Nunn Sgt.

[Page 130]
[Lieutenant Thomas Leonard (Tom) Cadell, a military college student, joined the Army on 3 September 1914 aged 19, and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A14 Euripides on 20 October 1914. He served with the 3rd Battalion at Gallipoli. He died of wounds on 22 June 1915 and was buried at sea.]
[Post card picture of a street scene in Algeria.]

[Page 131]
[Message side of post card]
Dear Miss Dunlop
I was very pleased to get Miss Brewin’s and your letters, but am sorry I cannot answer them fully as I am very busy and also because of the censor. As I expect you know we are at last off [indecipherable]
I am fit and happy. The men are as pleased as punch that we ar[e] off and very [indecipherable] sharpening up the bayonets..
Hoping all are well
love [indecipherable]
[Note written next to address:] From dear Tom Cadell who was killed at Gallipoli aged 18

On active service No stamps

Miss B Dunlop
Evenlode
Hamilton
Newcastle
N. S. Wales
Australia

[Page 132]
[Letters from Oswald and Roderic Castle, donated by their aunt, Miss J Pedder.

Oswald Castle, No 931, a tramway employee of Moore Park, Sydney, joined the Army on 18 January 1915 at age 19. He embarked from Newcastle, NSW, on board HMAT A41 Bakara on 22 May 1915 with the 6th Light Horse Regiment, 5th Reinforcement. He served at Gallipoli and later in Egypt with the Camel Corps. He was transferred to the Australian Army Service Corps in 1917 and returned to Australia on 15 June 1919.

Roderic Castle, No 1190, a carter, of Moore Park, Sydney, NSW, joined the Army on 7 September 1914 aged 21. He embarked from Sydney, on board HMAT A39 Port Macquarie on 21 December 1914 and served with the 7th Company, Australian Army Service Corps at Gallipoli and later in Egypt and France. He returned to Australia on 23 October 1918.]
Castle, Roderic and Oswald.

Girls Friendly Society
Arundel Street
Forest Lodge
Aug 23rd 1921

To the Trustees of Mitchell Library
Sirs

Seeing the notice in the papers asking for soldiers letters to be sent in I am sending some of my nephews letters as they may be of some interest – also some small snapshots that you may have if of any use to you. Three of my nephews went to the War one died of illness the other two returned safely and are in Sydney now. They were away for five years, They are the sons of Mr W.J. Castle and the late Mrs Castle, their names are Roderic Castle the A.A.S.C. attached to the 4 Brigade, was in France. The other is Oswald Castle was in the Camel Corps in Egypt, went right through to Jerusalem, trusting you will find the letters acceptable. I am
Yours truely
(Miss) J Pedder.

[Page 133]
O.A.S.

Miss J. Peddar
{Next two lines struck through:]
c/o Girls Friendly Society
No 6 Roslyn Gardens
Darlinghurst
Sydney
Australia

[Page 134]
[photograph of two soldiers marked "Charlie Chaplins".]

[Page 135]
36
Taken at Post 44

I was just going for the mates camels when I got this one taken and I was in that best of health.

[Page 136]
[Photograph taken in Tel-el-Kebir cemetery.]

[Page 137]
(33)
cemetry at Tel.el Kebir

This photo was taken while I was in Tel. el Kebir it is the cemetry in which the old soldiers were burried from the big battle that was there.

[Page 138]
[Photograph of s soldiers with a camel, marked "Mates" – see next page for details.]

[Page 139]
escorting camels with water from El ferdon Rail Head to Post No 44.
I was escorting camels when I got this taken and the two Indians are from the 59th Indian camel coy

[Page 140]
[Photograph of the ruined interior of the Basilica at Albert "Apres le Bombardement – After the bombardment".]

[Page 141]
[Photograph of a grave – see next page for details.]

[Page 142]
35
Pvt E. G. W. Ham grave at Tel.el.Kebir

[Page 143]
[Photograph of a soldier sitting by the River Nile – possibly one of the Castle brothers.]

[Page 144]
Nile Egypt
23

[Page 145]
[Post card photograph showing soldiers, drivers, and camels carrying fodder – see next page for more detail.]

[Page 146]
From Oswald Castle
I am on the left
Oswald Castle is the one on the left hand standing went away when he was eighteen years of age to the war

[Page 147]
[On letterhead of the YMCA "with the Mediterranean Expeditonary Force".]
Oswald Castle

Egypt 7/9/1916

Dear Arnty

I have been writing to you for a long time and have not received any letters from you yet and I hope you will get this one and write to me if you want the adress you will have to go to Lily and get the address for I would like to here from you and hear how you are getting on for I am doing well here.
I am still in Egypt and carnt get away Rod would not clame me for he said that he thought that the fighting was too hot for me but I would rather be their than here in the desert for we are like heathens now and Arnty I would like you to see to Daphne and see that she goes and lives with Lily for she seems to have no one else to care for her now that Mother has gone.
I carnt tell you what we are doing as the censor wont let it pass so I can only keep a diary and write later on and tell you what I have

[Page 148]
been doing. I have no chance to be shot here as we are a long way from fighting but we are in the first line of fire.
Aunty I only hope that I can get near Rod for he would like me near him I sure and I got a letter from him the other day saying that he was in a rough place and had to gallop all the way that he went with rations and here is me here one camel escort to get rations of a morning and only can go as fast as a team of bullocks so I will have to close this time with a short letter so good bye.
I remain
Your loving nephew
Oswald Castle

P.S. I am also sending you some photoes from here 4 of them and they are of myself
O.C.

[Page 149]
[On letterhead of the Church Army Recreation Hut "On Active Service with the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force".]
Oswald Castle

Abbassia
Egypt
18/12/16

A happy New Year

Dear Arnty
I am just dropping a line before xmas to let you know that I am still alive and got a strong kick in me yet well for facts I can give you one we were playing the kit stores football on Satureday and we beat they by 35 to 5 (of which I scored twice) and when the game had finished we heard some of them say that we must have just come from Australia that we were to fresh to be here long but if they we out on the desert with us for a month or two they would have their backs broke so that tells you how fit I am now.
I have played in every game we have had even out on the desert we have only been beaten once as yet and that is the only time I did not score we are playing the Anzac Provost corp’s next Satureday and it was them who beat us. I play wing ¾ a fast place but easy for me as I have gain a bit of speed since I got back from Malta.
Arnty did you get my letter telling you that I was put into the

[Page 150]
4th Australian Came[l] Regiment and to write to that address so I will have to close at that so good bye with love and hope we win next Saturday
I remain
Your loving Nephew
Oswald Castle

[Page 151]
R Castle

No 1190. 7.AASC
a/H 4TH Inf Bge
Cairo
Egypt
25.10.15

Dear Aunty

I received your very welcome letter. I am still in good health and spirits. I am still in Egypt. I don’t think we will ever get out of it.
It nearly breaks my heart to think we are kept here doing nothing and my mates are fighting for their lives You know one of my Coy has got the D.C.M. for doing good work there were three lots of mules going up the gully I suppose you know what that is commonly called Schrapnell Gully it was very hot this time the first man was hit the second took shelter this chap gathered up their mules and hooked them onto his own and faced it all and got through alright – but that is not all when he was coming back he came across a lot of dead mules (shot) he took their loads

[Page 152]
off and put them on his own animals and turned back and got through again with not a Scratch, he deserved it too you have no idea what it is like Aunty the bullets come over just like rain So they tell me what makes it bad is you cant see them coming he was congratulated by everyone for his feat.
So you received my photo alright – you asked for my mates name W. Brown he has gone to the front. I only wish I was with him he was a good fellow too.
It is just beginning to get very cold here now have to use an extra blanket one good thing we get good food to keep us warm inside. I met Oswald he was with me for about three weeks he was then called away I dont know where he is now he wont write to me he is funny like that he would not write before frightened I will claim him but I would not do a thing like that
well Aunt I will close here as news is scarce the same thing applies to time hoping you are well and happy
From your loving Nephew Doddie

[Page 153]
Dvr. R. Castle
7 Co. A.A.S.C.
Cairo
Egypt
2/1/16

My Dear Aunt,

I received your very welcome letter and paper dated 29/12/15. I had heard the sad news about Eddie I met a fellow I knew in Cairo the first words out of his mouth were about Edric. I did not believe him at first but I received a letter from Lilly two days after and then I could not realise it in fact I cant now but I have had plenty of letters since then.
I am keeping up the best I can with the consolation that it was all for the good

[Driver Edric Castle, No 235, 24, a saddler of Moore Park, Sydney, NSW, and brother of Oswald and Roderic Castle, joined the Army on 18 October 1914 and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A19 Afric on 21 December 1914. he served with the 1st A.S.C. (Army Service Corps) at Gallipoli and was invalided home from Egypt on 31 August 1915. He died on 26 October 1915 at No 5 AGH (Base Hospital) in Melbourne.]
well Aunty I don’t want you to start worring again so I will give you a bit of news first of all you address all my letters Private but Driver is the correct thing to put. I have been getting plenty of papers thanks to you but the worst of it is I sometimes get two of the same ie

[Written sideways, in the left-hand margin:]
PS Oswald Address
Reg No 931
B Squad
6th A L H Maadi
Egypt

[Page 154]
the Syd. Mail. I asked you in my last letter to send the Bulletin instead of the Mail. I don’t want to put you to too much expence but it is very acceptable here only you don’t want to send it open because as soon as the paper thieves see it they will take possession so the best thing to do is to wrap it up in some paper that is plentyfull plentiful so as they wont recognise it, it seems bad to have to say things about our post office men but somebody has to get the blame for all the papers going astray.
I have not seen anything of that Billy Can yet although mind you I got one an Xmas day patriotic from a lady in Victoria I am going to write a letter of thanks to her it was very nice too only the socks were hand made and a bit out of shape but they were meant for the best so they are acceptable. I sent you a Xmas card I hope you get it as it is a nice one at least I think so.

[Written sideways in the left-hand margin:]
So you think Girtie has broken her engagement. I suppose she will get some sence and get married but you know Aunty she might have thought of Mum when Edric passed away and knew she might be wanted at home later at least I give her credit

[Page 155]
for it. We had a good time here Christmas day the officers organised a dinner it was very nice too not too much drink, there were a lot of speeches made we had the Commanding Officer of the Devonshire Reg there he gave great praise to the Australian forces for there good work at Anzac.
I don’t think I told you about the D.C.M. we had in out Coy it was advertised in the papers as the Divisional train of the 4th Bgde but it was not right it did not do our Coy justice although it was rightly put but people especially our friends would not know who it was also our O.C. was mentioned in Dispatches also some of the men and I was out of it all but as they said at the Dinner somebody had to stop behind to do the work this side. I suppose you have heard about the evacuation of the Peninsula it was done without one single casualty that shows how things can be done if they are tried. Well Aunty I will finish

[Continued sideways in the left-hand margin:]
up here as I have a lot to write to and time is short. Wishing you a Bright and Happy New Year from your loving Nephew Doddie

[Page 156]
Maadi
Cairo
Egypt

My dear Aunty
I received your very welcome letter am glad to hear you are well. I am sending you a little Christmas card hoping you will like it am also sending you in this letter two photos of an old fort at a place called Aboukir (Egypt). Some more to your collection. I am trying to get a set of photos from Galipoli to send you.
I am still stuck in Egypt doing nothing but not for long now thank goodness they are sending some men away to relieve the rest of my company at the front.
I told you in my last letter about the D.C.M. in our coy. only a young fellow too he has just rejoined us with about a dozen more they looked worn out too they were there just six months and it is not too hot there either it is getting very cold here now have to put an extra blanket on now. it is too hot in the day and too cold in the night so you see what we have to put up with without getting sick it is no use getting sick here just as well too there are

[Page 157]
a lot of loafers here always before the Doctor when a man is sick in reality he doesn’t get a chance one thing he gets plenty of pills I have only been before him once since I left Sydney and that was to get a tooth out but he would not pull it so it is still there just as well I suppose.
the horses are all looking well and fat it is wonderful how they stand the cold of course we put rugs on them in the night you ought to watch them when they get loose they really run mad just like a dog after being tied up for six months. one kicked me in the hand while he was loose but it only knocked some skin off it is alright again kept bathing it.
well Aunty I will finish here as I have a lot of letter to write hoping you are in the best of health. from your
loving Nephew
Doddie

[Page 158]
[Private, later Sergeant, Gerald Middleton (Mid) Chibnall, No 693, a farmer from Middleton, South Australia, joined the Army on 3 September 1914 at age 24, and embarked from Melbourne on HMAT A2 Geelong on 17 September 1914. He served with the 12th Infantry Battalion at Gallipoli where he was hospitalised on 3 August 1915 due to illness and repatriated to Australia on the Kanowna in October 1915.

He re-enlisted on 15 March 1916 and embarked for Egypt Sydney on HMAT A16 Star of Victoria from Sydney on 31 March 1916 with the 16th Reinforcement to the 2nd Light Horse Regiment. He was promoted to Sergeant on 1 July 1916 and served with the 4th Australian Camel Corps in Egypt before being transferred to Brigade Headquarters there on 1 April 1917. He returned to Australia on 6 September 1919.

His letter describes an action in the desert in Palestine and Syria.]

On active Service

Miss S. E. Chibnall
"Astwood"
Wattle St East
Fullerton
South Australia

[Page 159]
[Hand-drawn map showing parts of Palestine, Lebanon and Syria – see image for details.]

[Page 160]
Syria
December 24th / 18

Dear Auntie Sare

Just a few lines on the eve of Xmas to let you know I am well & having a pretty good time as far as comfort is concerned, which means a good deal to a fellow out here.
I really do not remember when I last wrote to you, but I know this much. That it is my turn, as your letter dated Oct 17 reached me yesterday.
However now censorship regulations are moderated a little, I will try & outline my movements the last few weeks months, which will make a letter a little more interesting than it was possible before & give you an idea of what is really going on over on this particular part of the world.

If you have a map of Syria, which I no doubt you have, you will be able to follow where we have been since the Stunt started & where we are at present.
Well from Jaffa near the coast we went up towards the Sea of Gallilee, Nazareth Tiberius etc & on to Damascus & thence almost

[Page 161]
due Nth to a place named Homs, which is on the Main Railway to Aleppo, & about 100 miles distant from the latter place.
It was at Homs we received news of the Armistice with Turkey & of course went no farther as another Division was then moving up the coast & ultimately occupied Aleppo.
After a spell at Homs of about 3 weeks during which time I had a trip to Tripoli 75 miles distance on the coast, we received orders to move south to a very historical place on the main railway line named Baalbeck.
Now Baalbeck has some magnificent old Roman ruins which to my mind out rivals anything I have seen in Egypt. so we just had a look round the place when my Squadron got orders to march on to a place called Rayak about 13 miles farther south, leaving out Regt. Hd. Qrs. & two Sqdns at Baalbeck.
However on reaching Rayak, our Troop had still farther to go, so we marched on again to a place called Shtora another 12 miles on the Beirout line, and it is at this place where our little party of 16 men, "a sadly depleted Troop" is now stationed.

I will enclose a rough sketch of our position to convey to you some idea where to look for our position on your Map if you have one, which I no doubt you have. [See hand-drawn map on page 159.]
Rayak you will find is the termination of the broad gauge line from Constantinople, also the junction of the two narrow gauge lines running to Damascus & Beirout respectively. It is at Rayak our Sqdn Hdqrs & two Troops are. So our little party is somewhat isolated. We are just here to keep order amongst the inhabitants & protect them from bands of robbers which occasionally come down out of the Mts & carry off stock & foodstuffs of the unfortunate populace in the valley below. Our troops at Rayak have experienced one raid since we have come down here, but these brigands suffered pretty heavily, 6 or 7 being killed & 20 or so taken prisoners.
This occured about a fortnight ago, but since then everything has been OK out our way.

You will see by my insignificant sketch we are situated in a valley or at least on a plateau, being 3000 ft above sea level with Mts on either side of us, towering up to 8,000 or 9000 ft in height.

[Page 162]
Now comes the burning question of snow. We are literally hemmed in by Mts covered with snow, so to go either to Damascus or Beirout one has to pass over these snow clad Mts.
We have as yet had no snow on the plateau or valley, which is beautiful fertile land intersected by clear streams running down out of the Mts; quite a contrast to the weary waterless Sinai desert with its sandstorms & heat. Around this district where we are now, the principal industry appears to be wine making, and vegetable growing.
There is plenty of timber about here too but most of the trees are now leafless, with the exception of a few which still retain a few autumn leaves of rich color, seemingly for warmth.

It has been a beautiful warm sunny day today, quite nice to feel the genial warmth of the sun again, as we have experienced almost continuous wet weather since we arrived here, some three weeks ago.

The Mts present a magnificent sight all covered in snow when the sun is shining. I had a trip down to Damascus by Rail a few days ago & a pretty cold trip it was too, passed over the Mts of course & through miles of country clad in white.
On my way back I met a chap named Weste who used to be at Saints with me. I believe I remember you saying his people lived at Glen Osmond at the time. I had not seen him since 1907 so we met accidently on the train coming back to Rayak.
It was so chilly coming back in the train through the snow that we used to get off the train at each stopping place along the line & indulge in fierce snow ball fights to generate a little warmth to carry us on to the next place.
However I was glad when I got back home again & had a good warm meal.

Now I must tell you about our residence We are living in a big two storied building which was at one time an hotel, but vacant before we came here. We have a stove we borrowed from the people of the Distillery close by, so are able to have our food cooked decently. Our horses are stabled in a full stone stable just across the road so are likewise enjoying as much comfort relatively as we are, which they richly deserve after enduring the hardships of last Stunt.

[Page 163]
We get on very well with the local inhabitants which are mostly Syrians, & a few speak a little English which they learned at the American Colleges in Beirout in pre war days.

Of course there are all classes of people here, and some are highly educated & as white in the skin as anybody.
But the condition of the populace in general is deplorable, they are literally starving & devoid of clothes. We have read in the papers of the sufferings of the people of Syria & Palestine & the want of relief, but one has only to go to any village to see even children dead on the roadside. Died of starvation & cold.

The British government is feeding probably today more people in Syria & Palestine than there are soldiers here, & that amounts to some tens of thousands.
Thousands of people are absolutely destitute & it is heart breaking to see both young & old on the roadside begging for food. Many a time I have given my rations to little children on the roadside to save them from dying there and then.

I am sure if the people of Australia could only see the conditions prevailing here in Syria at the present time they would contribute liberally to relieve these poor unfortunate people, in providing food & clothing for them.
And yet in the midst of all the misery & destitution there are some people who, apparently are well off from all appearances, but they don’t seem to try to help the unfortunate ones in any respect, they simply expect us to do it. I suppose they are accustomed to seeing people in this condition.
However I will be glad when we leave this country as I have seen pretty well all there is to see both in the Holy Land & Syria.

We hear the French are going to take over the administration of Syria & the British are to take over Palestine.
We are expecting to move down to Palestine early in January, but cannot leave until French troops take over here.

Beirout is a very busy place now & quite European, quite different to other cities in this country.
Each day large ships are berthed there discharging cargoes. The French have already open about a dozen shops in Beirout

[Page 164]
& have commenced Releif work in Lebanon so I hope they soon extend their work out this way, as we are just on the Lebanon border here.

I have not heard from Ron just lately, he is with his Regt somewhere down in Palestine. His Division did not come up into Syria, but operated principally East of the Jordan & South of Damascus, so when Turkey surrendered they went back to Jerusalem & thence to Ludd near Jaffa, where he was when I last heard of him.

[Private, later Lieutenant Ronald James Chibnall, No 1235, brother of Gerald Middleton Chibnall. Ronald Chibnall, a labourer of Middleton, South Australia, joined the Army on 10 May 1915 aged 19, and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A33 Ayrshire. He served with the 2nd Light Horse Regiment and returned to Australia on 13 March 1919.]
We have no idea when we are likely to be coming home, but think we will leave here probably about the end of Feb or March. I haven’t applied for my leave to England yet as we are so far up in Syria, but I intend applying as soon as we move down to Palestine

Must close now as it is getting late & my piece of candle is getting very low.
Hoping you are all well
With kindest regards to all
Yrs Mid

[Page 165]
[Private Henry (Harry) Cicognani, No 106, a commercial salesman from Glebe, NSW, enlisted on 24 August 1914 aged 26, and embarked from Sydney on Transport A14 Euripides, 20 Oct. 1914 with the 1st Field Ambulance, B Section. He landed on Gallipoli on 25 April 1915. Later he served in Egypt and France, where he served at various times with the 2nd, 13th and 14th Filed Ambulance.

He was reported Missing in Action and was captured by the Germans at Mouquet Farm in August 1916 and interned at Dulmen in Germany, from where he wrote this letter. However, he was reported as transferred to Holland in February 1918 and arrived in England later that month. He rejoined the 13th Field Ambulance and remained in England until he returned to Australia, disembarking at Melbourne for Sydney on 26 November 1918 and was discharged on 16 May 1920. His diary is also held by the State Library of NSW.]
L. O Cicognani
22 Porter Rd
Waverley
brother of Private Cicognani

Says he has several other letters from his brother that he will hand over to the Library.
Suggest he be written to

[indecipherable]

[Page 166]
[Letter written on prisoner-of-war-camp letterhead. The individual pages of this two-page spread are not in chronological order. Transcribed as they should be read; see image for details.]
[Name] Harry Cicognani 106
[Coy.] Lager [Barrack] Lazaret
[Dulmen] 15 May 1917

Dear old Pards,

Just a line to you all hoping that you are in better straits etc than ordinary. I continue to pass away the months as a Gefangener & probably will keep doing so for another five years: Since last I wrote to you I have gone into a hospital to work. It got on my nerves hanging in the barb compound doing nothing so I undertook a job nigger driving Russians, Roumanian, & Serbian prisoners. It will stand me good for Fiji on my return to the South. They are not so clean as the niggers unfortunately & a good deal more obstinate, but then you know me & my ways; I usually win through.
Tell Mum not to worry about me, as I am well & pretty warm – the hot weather has commenced in a heap & now instead of snow each day we get a deluge of rain with heavy thunder.
The men you mentioned in your previous note – supposed here – I have never run across; possibly they are on working detachments throughout Germany. I had a letter

[Page 167]
[The individual pages of this two-page spread are not in chronological order. Transcribed as they should be read; see image for details.]
from Harlesden Marion which gives grave news of Uncle Nugent. She also mentions that May’s boss – Miss Stone - has given a 100 piastre note (1 £) for which I will thank her later.
Remember old May and include her in the reading as I have to group all my good Samaritans when writing.
Keep old Mum ding dong – I know she worry’s a good deal but let her know I am "allus gott" or "tres bon". Poor old G.S. manages to give you a game of peek a booh; he must have the staying powers of a Carbine; I shouldn’t be surprised at him lasting you all out.

Give my best of wishes to Bollorah & tell Dolph not to get cross with me if I appear to neglect him; it is an awful time trying to know who is next for mail. I have had several of Nina’s letters & have replied on several occasions.
Im sorry to hear of Pearly being on the rocks, altho I suppose its the ultimate adventure for us all.
How does old Joe advance these days? I hardly ever hear of him;
Best of good wishes to you all & remember me to all who may have have been pardds in pre war days.
I guess it will be another five years before I see you all. Until then,

[Page 168]
[Private Francis Patrick (Frank) Clune, No 2460, a seaman from Western Australia, enlisted on 12 May 1915 aged 21, and embarked on HMAT A51 Chilka from Fremantle on 18 June 1915. He served with the 16th Battalion, 7th Reinforcement, and was wounded in both legs at Gallipoli. He was repatriated to Australia from Suez in late 1915 and was discharged, medically unfit, on 29 March 1916. After the war he became a well-known author and travel writer.

His letter to his mother includes a description of the attack at Lone Pine in August 1915.]
Letter from the Front
from
Pte. Francis Clune

[Page 169]
[Envelope]
On Active Service

Mrs G. Clune
17 Abercrombie St
Redfern
Sydney N.S.W.

Catch Erskineville tram and get out at Cleveland St.

[Page 170]
From Francis Clune
Private, 16th Battalion, 7th Reinforcements –
4th Brigade, Western Australia.

Luna Park Hospital
Heliopolis
Egypt
20 August 1915

Dear Mum
By the time that you get this letter you will have heard that I was wounded but don’t alarm yourself as it is not very serious. I am in The last letter you got from me was sent ten days ago and since then I can truly say things have happened.
You know that the 4th Brigade of which the 16th Battalion is a unit were in a rest gully or to give it its proper name Reserve Gully, just alongside Anzac and things were rather quiet there when I last wrote. However on the Friday afternoon we were all shifted out of our dugouts and sent further up the gully and a crowd of Goorkas took our place. They are bright cheery fellows you know for all the world like Japs and about the same height. About three o’clock shrapnel and high explosive started to come over and

[Written sideways in the left-hand margin:]
P.S. I am sending this home by a mate so as the Censor won’t see it. Fran

[Page 171]
made things pretty lively. The Turks must have had the exact range for they would start at one end of the gully down near the water’s edge and go right along to the head of the gully and then repeat the operation. This is what is commonly known as "searching" the and they surely do "search".
Some of the boys were playing "two up" in fact a good few of them and they did curse some when the closeness of the shrapnel would force them to abandon the game. At about tea time we were issued out with extra ammunition making a total of 275 rounds, and in addition to that we had two days supply of "bully" beef and biscuits. I got lured into the job of bomb thrower and also had three bombs and a fire stick to light the bombs before they were thrown.
We were confidentially told by our section leader that things would be pretty warm that night and that very few would come out on top. Very reassuring wasnt it?

[Page 172]
About half past five we heard a hell of a hullabaloo and were informed that it was the first brigade making an attack on the Johnny Turk at a place called Lone Pine so called because a solitary pine tree marke originally marked the spot. Since then the gunners of the artillery made short work of it.
The sun went down on the blue waters of the Aegean Sea with only three solitary destroyers and I think one hospital ship in sight. Just in the distance could be seen the Isle of Imbros in a sort of a fog. Its a funny thing but I cant recollect ever seeing that island in anything else but a haze. There is another island close to Imbros which I don’t know the name of but which was in the same foggy condition.
At about eight o’clock we got our water bottles filled and also our issue of rum, for which we were devoutly thankful. Some time after eight o’clock

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the troops started marching by from the next gully. They were all Tommies and had been all that day (Friday) in Shrapnel Gully and had only arrived on the night before. About half past nine they were all through and then the 13th Battalion went out after them, followed in close succession by the 14th 15th and then the 16th.
I forgot to mention that during the day we were all issued with three squares of white cloth to sew, one on each arm and the other on the back close to the right shoulder and we were all told a pass word which I cant recollect at present.
It was about ten o’clock when we got away or perhaps a little later and we started off on our march. No one was allowed load his rifle as we were going to surprise the enemy and you know surprise is one of the chief elements of success in military matters. We got down on the beach and turned to the north towards what is known as No 3 Outpost and

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occupied by the New Zealanders. Out at sea there were two destroyers with their searchlights on glaring right over our heads to the hills on our right and about every ten seconds we would see a flash and then would follow a boom and then another flash as the shell exploded, and the boom again while we could see huge fragments of earth and rock go flying through the air, and then see figures moving around and trying to get out of the glare, but the light would just follow them up like a tiger playing with its prey. You know light travels faster than sound, and you could always count three from the first flash of the gun till we heard the first report.
To the left of the destroyers were the lights of the two hospital ships looking very pretty in their green band and red cross.
Once in a while the searchlight would dip and

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expose us and then would would all go down on our stomachs, while a volley of shots would go over our head. Above it all would come the sharp insistent rat a tat of the machine gun, and the occasional humming of a spent bullet.
At one time the searchlight showed us up, and we precipatately ducked and laid down on some awful prickly bushes, and l also got someone’s heel in my face. We were more concerned then over the prickly’s than the bullets which again came whizzing over our head.
Towards where we were marching a sort of promotory ran out called by some Ari Burnu, but better known as Cape Suvla or Suvla Bay and here I found out from one of the sergeants while we were laying down that there was a big force of Tommies landing, and that we were going out to distract the Turks attention from them.
About twelve o’clock, there was another

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hell of a hullabaloo, which had us wondering, but which I afterwards found out was the gallant boys of the Light Horse having a charge. Towards one o’clock we got the order to fix bayonets and that put us all on the "qui vive". Some time after we heard yelling and cheering, and it turned out to be the Tommies who had preceded us.
About this time we came to No 3 Outpost and it was just like a little village. There were lights in all the dug outs right up to the top of the hill and in one place we could see a morse light winking furiously, but to whom they were speaking to I could never ascertain. This hill or No 3 Outpost as it was called came down to within about a hundred yards from the waters edge and a long trench ran down and connected up between the hill and the sea. It looked like that to me anyway in the dark, but it might have been different in the daytime.
All along

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the trench the troops were shoulder to shoulder, while all around could be heard the groans of men severely wounded.
I might tell you that No 3 Outpost was the limit of our troops in that direction and all outside that was enemy country, and this was where we were going now.
We went along the beach about a thousand yards or more and then turned inland to our right, and we must have crossed a farm in one place because the grain was still standing. All along the route were men lying dead and wounded, and occasionally some one would fall over a dead body. At one place in a clump of trees there were thirty or forty brave fellows lying, and one doctor was attending them by the light of a solitary hurricane lamp. I saw him dressing one poor chap who had half his side blown away and his face looked ghastly in the dim light cast by the lamp.
After that we ran into

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some wires stretched across the track and one was just about the height of our neck. A little later on a voice called out "Pass the word for General Monash; there is a Greek prisoner here, and he says that the Turks have run out of ammunition and that we will get plenty of prisoners if we hurry up." I think it was only a gag because the bombardment they kept up that day was beat all records.
Just about five o’clock in the dim light of dawn we all got at the top of the a hill, when Lieutenant Jeffries told us to charge on to "that hill just below the star." We all looked and there was one solitary star and this hill just below it. You see there was a long ridge gradually getting and higher till it reached its topmost point right under this star, and we were told it was Hill 971, and we had to take it. The officer pulled out his revolver and says "Follow me boys"

[Page 179]
and went down the hill and us after him right through bushes and prickly’s and although I had on shorts and in consequence my near knees all bare, I didn’t notice the cuts and prickles going into them.
We got to the foot of the hill and then started along a little valley towa about a hundred yards long, and about thirty yards wide, when down on us came an avalanche of shot and shell. I can tell you I shook considerably while I struck a match to light my fire stick, and then I felt allright.
The Turks were on both sides of us and were rain in front of us and were raining down bombs, shrapnel, high explosive, and were also enfilading us with machine gun fire. Wherever I saw Turks I threw my bombs and then started after them with the bayonet, but a bomb came whizzing over and blew the face off of a Gurka a yard away from me and spattered me with his brains and blood. I was just congratulating myself when I got one and down I went.

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Everything was black for a long time and then they started to get clearer and I thought a 15 inch shell from Queen Lizzie hit me. I cautiously felt my right side and cut my finger on my water bottle which was blown to bits but strange to say the strap which held the bottle in place wasn’t hurt although it was powder blackened. I felt up and down my leg and could only get a little blood so I stood up and found out I was all right.
Just then above the roar of the battle I heard a curious humming sound and on looking up found it to be from two aeroplanes. One was a German Taube, and the other plane was our own, in close pursuit of the Taube. All around the two were white puffs of smoke from the anti aircraft guns of the Turks and once I saw the pursing plane rock fiercely for a minute or two and then regain its balance. I thought it was all up with our chap then but he was allright. In less than five minutes they were both over the

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hills and out of sight. Honest but I forgot all about the business in hand in the excitement of watching the aeroplane’s, not that it wasn’t exciting enough on mother earth.
I thought to myself that the Charge of the Light Brigade couldnt have been much livelier than this only they were on horses and made bigger targets, not that it mattered much because nearly every yard of that valley was being swept by rifle fire.
I got going again and got to the foot of 971, and started to ascend when a louder of thunder went, and I went down again, this time with a piece of shell in my left leg and a bullet in my right leg. While I was laying there pretty well stunned, two chaps came up and as they passed me one said "Here’s another poor sod down to it", and I tried to say that I was all right but I didn’t seem to be able too, as my mouth and nose were full of dirt from where I was laying.
After a while I felt better and I

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staggered up again, but my left leg wouldn’t support me, but I used my rifle as a crutch and started to hobble back again.
I don’t know how I ever got out of that valley alive but I did and then I met two of our chaps who were wounded, behind a bush. One volunteered to bandage my leg wh from which the blood was oozing out and the other one loaded my rifle. I stayed with them all day and they shared their water with me as I had none, and we just sniped Turks in between whiles times.
After dark, some stretcher bearers found us and got us down to the dressing station, and from there we got out to the hospital ship Delta, and we were taken over to Imbros where we were told we would have to disembark, but we stayed till the Sunday morning and found out that it was full up, so we shoved of then to Lemnos.
There were eleven hundred cases on board and ninety percent were wounded. The other 10 percent

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had dysentery. I think the work of the medical people both male and female on board that ship was wonderful, as the space was limited
The ship only had accomodation for five hundred, and the other six hundred odd were just crammed in anywhere. I think every doctor and nurse on board the ship deserved the V.C. for the heroic way they performed their duty for five days and nights between Gallipoli and Alexandria It was just wonderful to see those brave nurses, some of them mere girls, and frail looking things who you would think would be blown over by the least puff of wind going around among the poor heroes wounded boys, with a soothing word here, a glass of water there, and a draught to another who was in pain. When the final day of war does come I think the greatest day praise will go those noble nurses who are working on our behalf all over the world at the present day

[Page 184]
We arrived at Alexandria, and disembarked some two hours later into a Red Cross train which the Egyptian Government fitted up free of charge in there own workshops and which they supply free of charge. Sister Scobie was on the train and looked after us well although she knew that her own brother Colonel Scobie was dangerously wounded and not expected to live. He afterwards died of wounds.
We were about five hours in the train, when we came to Heliopolis, and from there we were taken in cars around to the big Palace Hospital. It is a lovely big place with marble floors and pillars and contains nearly 1700 beds.
We only stayed there till the next afternoon and were then sent down to Luna Park Hospital where I am now. It was a pleasure gardens previous to the war and had lots of amusements just like our White City. There is a big dancing pavillion and a skating rink inside it, turned into hospitals

[Page 185]
and I think there are about five hundred beds. It’s a funny thing but Doctor Burge of Waverley who came in charge of us from Australia is working here now and has charge of me. He says that the sinew of my leg is cut and that it will be some time before my leg is right again. They are nearly all cripples here you know, not permanently of course some of us anyway with arms off, legs off, some with only one eye and some without any, but we are all happy and attend the different concerts here given by the European residents here in conjunction with the soldiers. Every Sunday afternoon a band comes here, and plays and I understand that the Red Cross pay them.
This is a bonny place to stop, nice and quiet you know after Gallipoli, no shrapnel or machine guns here, but when you sit down to eat your breakfast and think of your poor cobbers left behind in the trenches, perhaps not having breakfast, or still worse lying wounded in some place and not

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able to get a drink of water, and you say to yourself "I’ll play the game, I’ll go back and help the boys out, as they will want all the help they can while these shirkers at home wont come". If all the wasters and shirkers and cold feet brigade were to enlist and come and do their bit it would lighten the burden on our shoulders. I never done much while I was there but we all cant be heroes, we come with the intention of doing our bit and that is the main thing.
We are well looked after here, in fact it couldn’t be better. There are ladies coming here every other day with books and papers and also cigarettes. The very bad cases get taken out for motor car rides in the cool of the evening, and every one seems to be doing their utmost to help us. I want to tell you mum I havent had a letter or paper from you or any one else since I left Australia, and it has me worried at times as I like to know how

[Page 187]
things are going with you.
I got the piece of shell taken out of my leg last week and it is starting to heal up again, although the nurse says it will be a long time before it is better.
The Fifth Brigade went away from here this week and there is a rumour about that they were cut up pretty bad. I think I have told you all the news about the first and last battle I was ever in, or ever want to be in. If I have to go back I will, but I think "Sufficient for the day is the evil thereof".
I will write again and let you know how I am progressing
Love to George, Jack & yourself
Francis Clune

P.S. Write to me C/o the Hospital and I will have a better chance of getting your letter.
Fran.

[Page 188]
[Private Frederick Albert Collinson, No 8057, a police clerk of Leichhardt, NSW, enlisted on 13 July 1915 and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A17 Port Lincoln on 14 October 1915 with the 2nd Australian General Hospital, Special Reinforcements. He served in Egypt with the Light Horse Field Ambulance and later in both Egypt and France with the Australian Flying Corps. He returned to Australia on 2 June 1919.

His letter describes the voyage to Egypt, and the people and culture he found there.]
Mena House Hospital
Pyramids.
21st December, 1915.

Dear Mr. Edward,

I have intended writing to you for some time past now but there is so much to distract one’s attention in the little spare time we have at our disposal, that I have put off the job from time to time but "Better Late than Never".

I am now quartered at Mena House Hospital. This historic building was originally the large tourist hotel often read about in novels. It is situated almost at the foot of the Pyramids and I have only to look out of my bedroom window to see one of the most magnificent sights imaginable – the Pyramids casting their huge shadow over the fertile Valley of the Nile as they have cast them for over 5,000 years (as per guide book).

To start from the beginning: we called in at Melbourne and stayed there for two days and picked up some reinforcements. Unexpectedly we were granted leave to go ashore and of course we made the most of the opportunity. Unfortunately, the trip from Sydney to Melbourne seemed to have damped the ardour of some of the men, as 60 failed to answer the roll-call when the "Port Lincoln" left Port Phillip. After leaving Cape Otway, we had fair tumble about crossing the Bight and some of our comrades were very indisposed. We were out of sight of land until we sighted Cape Leewin which we held for a day, then we turned our nose north-west direct for Suez. The weather grew perceptably hotter as we progressed across the Indian Ocean and it was not long before scanty costumes were very much in vogue. Chidley’s was quite modest to some of them, in fact the main features of the toilette were a money-belt and a wristlet watch. It soon became too hot to sleep "down under", and the result was a rush for deck positions. Sports and concerts were organised on board and everything was done to try and relieve the tedious monotony of the journey. Of course the occasion of our crossing the line was the excuse for a relaxation of routine for a day and the time-honored ceremony was not allowed to lapse. Father Neptune and his satellites came aboard in fine style to the subsequent discomfort of the novitiates. After being 17 days out of sight of land, we picked up the African Coast at Cape Guardafui and our course was changed due West. It was in the Gulf of Aden that our first death occurred and the body was committed to the deep with the usual honors. After passing Perim into the Red Sea we were again out of sight of land until the Gulf of Suez was reached and we dropped anchor in Suez on Nov. 17 for the first time since leaving Melbourne. The trip occupied 34 days from Sydney. Next morning we drew into the wharf and commenced to disembark and it was good to set foot on terra-firma again.

From Suez we entrained without delay for Cairo. The route lay for some distance along the Canal and then the train passed inland through cultivated country. We arrived at Cairo late at night and a march of about three miles through the streets of Cairo brought us to the Ghezireh Palace, No.2 Australian General Hospital. This is a beautiful building on the banks of the Nile. After staying at this place for about three days, we were drafted to Mena House Hospital, about 8 miles from Cairo, where we now are.

If you have been in Egypt, you have formed your own views as to its peculiar features, but to my point of view it is a land of wonderful contrasts. Situated amongst the most dreadful squalor, filth and disgusting vice are scenes of most marvellous beauty. A few days ago I walked down a small filthy lane about 4 feet in width where the stench was almost overpowering and entered one of the mosques and I think that the interior was one of the most beautiful sights that I have ever gazed upon. The mosques are simply magnificent and in some there are thousands of pounds worth of gold and silver ornaments.

[Page 189]
Of course we have climbed to the top and penetrated to the interior of the Pyramids, crawled on hands and knees through stuffy tombs and visited the Sphinx by moonlight (again as per guidebook). Of course as we are so close, we have ample time to discover new points of interest about them daily. Oftimes, sitting on the piazza of Mena House in the evening, an argument will commence as to their antiquity and origin and then the conversation naturally trends to the Captivity etc. etc. Us poor fellows then try to cudgel our brains to try and remember some long-forgotten portion of Bible history and wish that we had attended Sunday School more diligently in the days of our youth. One of our privates, a curate or something of a small country church who was rather despised on the boat is now our only authority on these matters and he is having his revenge on us by giving us all a dust up in the arguments.

Yesterday I took a trip round the native bazaars on a donkey, and it was wonderfully interesting. The streets are only about 3 feet wide and the native craftsmen may be seen engraving the gold and silver ornaments as in days of yore. The silk and scent bazaars are also very interesting.

It is wonderful to see the ancient methods still in use here in Egypt – the same old wooden plows that have sufficed for over 2.000 years and the old wooden water-wheels driven by buffaloes. In fact one might have stepped straight out of a page of the Old Testament if it were not for the modern trams and motor cars, and the incongruity is most marked.

As this letter may have to go before the eagle eye of the Censor I cannot say too much about the state of affairs here but one hears some startling news from the front which I am sure you would not hear from in Australia. I don’t think the English Tommies and the Australians get on too well together here owing to their great difference in temperament. It is great to get the patients talking about their experiences in the Dardanelles and not too many seem anxious to go back just yet, so awful have been their sufferings. We are receiveing a lot of patients now suffering with frostbite and I think that that must be a criterion of the weather over there.

I am now trying to transfer to a unit whose duties are more likely to take them to the front and I think that I shall be successful.

Kindly accept my rather belated wishes for A Happy and Prosperous New Year for yourself and my co-workers in the Police Department. If any of them care to write to me, I shall be very pleased to hear from them and of course will reciprocate.

I hope that it will be my good fortune to resume duties with you again at the expiration of the war but Kismet –
I remain,
Yours Sincerely,
Fred. A. Collinson.

Address:-
No.8057, Pte. F. A. Collinson,
A.A.M.Corps,
No.2 Australian General Hospital,
A.I.E.F.
Cairo.,
Egypt.

P.S. Please excuse my atrocious typewriting but I am doing same under difficulties. F.A.C.

[Page 190]
[On His Majesty’s Service]
Letter from the Front.
from Pte. F. A. Collinson.
Mena Hospital Dec.21/1915.

Don. Supertdt A. Edward.

[Page 191]
[Private Herbert Charles Cook, No 16925, a Salvation Army Officer from Coburg, Victoria, enlisted on 19 January 1916 at age 24, and embarked from Melbourne on HMAT A42 Boorara on 10 May 1917 with the Camel Field Ambulance. He returned to Australia on 13 March 1919.

Includes a letter to William Herbert Ifould, Principal Librarian and Secretary of the Public Library of New South Wales, and a copy of "The War Cry – Egyptian – Official Organ of the Salvation Army (in Egypt)".]
[On letterhead of The Australian National Y.M.C.A. "with the Australian Imperial Forces Abroad".]
Palestine 20/10/1918

To Mr Ifould

I saw in one of the Sydney papers that you are calling for copies of papers or magazines born through the Service boys. I’m enclosing the Egyptian War Cry this is a paper published monthly & edited by a Private Johnson who is stationed at Alexandria Egypt often the paper contains contributions of Australian Salvationists.

Subscriptions for same is sent on to the Editor from the service boys although sanctioned by Gen Booth & the Military & is entirely managed by boys in Khaki & they have even started work amongst the Egyptians & later I think Egypt will be calling for missionaries to start their wonderful organization in that Country the first editions were type written but I’m unable to obtain copies.

I am yours Sincerely
H. C. Cook 16925
Anzac Mtd Div [indecipherable]
Palestine

[Page 192]
[Envelope with logo "Australian Y.M.C.A. with the A.I.F."]
Cook, H. C.

O.A.S.

Mr. Ifould
Public Library
Sydney
N.S.W.
Australia

[Page 193]
[Copy of the front page of the "The War Cry – Egyptian – Official Organ of the Salvation Army (in Egypt)", No 12, Vol 2, October 1918, showing a photograph of "Comrades of the Gabbari and Mustapha Corps (Egypt). Not transcribed. See image for details.]

[Page 194]
[Pages 2 and 3 of "The War Cry". Not transcribed. See image for details]

[Page 195]
[Page 4 of "The War Cry". Not transcribed. See image for details.]

[Page 196]
[Lieutenant-Colonel Richard Edmond Courtney CB VD, 44, a solicitor of Melbourne, Victoria embarked from Melbourne on HMAT A38 Ulysses on 22 December 1914 as Commanding Officer of the 14th Battalion. He served at Gallipoli in command of Courtney’s Post, which was named for him, became ill and was hospitalised in Malta and then England. He was made a Commander of the Honourable Order of the Bath in February 1916. He was repatriated unfit, arriving in Australia on 17 March 1916 and died on 21 October 1919.

Includes a letter (typed copy) from R E Courtney to his brother, Brigadier-General Thomas John Courtney, describes an action at Courtney’s Post and the landing at Gallipoli, and congratulatory letters from General Godly and R E Courtney to No 3 Section of the 14th Battalion for their actions in defending their post on 19 May 1915.]
Copy
[To Brig-General T. Courtney]
Blue Sisters Hospital
St. Julians
Malta
15/6/15

My dear Tom.

Some interest may attach to the report in two local papers I am sending. The first describes very fairly and truly the landing. The 14th were not in till 24 hours later. The second paper is so like a tale of our biggest fight that it might have been written from Courtney’s Post – But I fancy some of the details from a C.O’s point of view may interest some of you, and here, on my comfortable bed I shall try and collect the recollections of our big fight, but preface it with the reminder that the writer is now a sick man – weary and weak and – with the prospect of 2 or 3 months rest ahead – what wonder if a bit downhearted? Just a bit though for he is at least philosophical. A tale of a fight should be written just after it – in the proper atmosphere – but one has other things on hand then and one sees the worst side of war – the dead and wounded pals – But for the fight. I mustn’t give you a plan the [C]ensor would rightly object, but picture a huge boomerang of defending Australians and two "Posts" right at the bend of it [hand-drawn sketch of this – see image for details] "Quinn’s" Post on the left and "Courtney’s" Post on the right – really one big post connected by a trench, the limit of each command being marked by our blue and gold flag, so an attack on "Quinns" – and it came every night or morning – is an attack on us too. The nearest Turkish trenches in front of Courtney’s were 25 yards away. in part of Quinn’s only 5. yrds We threw bombs at each other.

Two companies of ours are in the trenches – 175 yards in length – or in the communication trenches and supports. Major Rankine D.S.O. – none ever earned it more honorably – is in charge of the trenches. 60 or 70 yards down the hill – or rather the precipice (it is 1" in 2") are two more companies under the C.O. – in Reserve. sitting, or rather at first sleeping in their dug outs and quite ready to hear "Stand to arms" at any moment. Yes, for the Turks have been shelling the trenches for an hour or more, the unfailing warning of an attack bigger than usual. They smash our parapet & cause much overtime for we must repair the parapet before their attack comes. They kill none and wound very few. In my comfortable dug out lay three very weary anxious officers, so tired, so dirty yet so determined and above all so confident in the strength of our defence and the perfection of our "communications" (The great factor in my own scheme of command) Each Company has a signal orderly beside the Signallers dug out, just above ours. Right at my feet sits the orderly on duty (only 1 ½ hour tour for its very very important). 50 or 60 yards below is Brigade Head Quarters and 2 more of our orderlies there. Battalion Head Quarters and Pioneers are 10 yards below me and thanks to the 8 months training we have a solid disciplined fighting machine. And I have said the staff is calmly confident in spite of the G.O.C’s message that "Two more divisions of Turks have reinforced them and are massing on our front".

Let me gather up the sequence of events, and if this is personal a bit my excuse is that it is written for those of you whose interests are personal rather than general.

8.15.p.m. We retire to bed (?) fully clothed as usual. Charley, calm, methodical and at times jocular as ever. "Baby"

[Written in the left-hand margin:] Don. Dr Callendar May 25, 1928.

[Page 197]
"Baby" (which is the Regimental nickname for one of the reliable and brave "boys") my Signalling officer, Les Ball, and myself, we yarn of home – draw mental pictures of our return – interspersed with questions and answers much more pertinent to the job on hand. Every now and then I sit up and light the candle as we hear the Head Quarters Orderly come with a message. I receipt it, read it, give it to Charley and we both say awful swear words for our rest is disturbed by some detail that can easily wait till daylight. so we quietly "shut up" and close our eyes and flatter ourselves that we are asleep. But every half jour or less comes an orderly, and so it goes on, the musketry never ceasing for a moment all the time, but one does doze a little now and again, never a solid sleep, we haven’t had such for a month nearly. Do you wonder we are fagged out?

About 3.0.a.m. a sudden burst of heavy rifle fire, quite a common occurrence not causing more than an awakening, and a wait for a minute or two till the firing line sends its report. The message says whether the attack is on us or elsewhere, for in the valley the echoes make it impossible to say where the firing really is heaviest. But this morning it is "Major Rankine’s compliments Sir the enemy is attacking us and Quinns. "Orderly "Send "A" & "D" orderlies, order companies to stand to arms"

Mr Ball reports to Brigade Head Quarters. In less than two minutes the whole Battalion is awake, equipped and quietly sitting in their dug outs. Not any roaring, no rushing about, no shouting (In fact 5 minutes later someone wants to know why we are not standing to arms. Some people like a noise)

Charley & I just sit up and wait, calmly getting the necessary flow of messages from the firing line and hearing the "high" shots passing over our heads, the whistling bullets that MAY be 50 feet over us, or as too often, land just in our dug out, richochets off the top of the hill. So the infernal roar goes on. Mr Groom comes running quietly down his head tied up, "Things are pretty thick Sir, Major Rankine would like two platoons". "A Company Orderly send to O.C.A Company &c &c." "Where did they get you Teddy? "In the cheek, it’s only slight" and back goes a hero, back to the trench and fights for 3 hours more for he knows how shorthanded we are, (all our Captains gone) till his nerves can stand it no longer and faintness makes him go down.

"They got M[r] Rutland Sir" an orderly speaks. "Bad?" "Yes, Sir. killed, he was working his gun playing Hell with them & they got him right through the heart" [dash] "Is the Machine Gun Sergeant there"? "Yes. Sir, he’s all right" (To Charley) "Send the Regimental Sergeant Major up to keep his eye on the guns" Exit Charles.

A weary subaltern – weary but working in the same trenches without a break sent down by Bobby – just to steady his nerves – with a fake message. I get the strength of things, give him some tea which my faithful Batman has made. We yarn quietly and he adds to the really awful mental strain I confess to by telling me how poor old Jack Rutland was killed [several dashes] "They’ve got Mr Curwen Walker, Sir." "Badly?" "I’m afraid so, Sir, The Doctor has fixed him up, he’s going down now".

It’s broad daylight now, 5.0.o’ck or later and one can see the Bearers passing, or rather climbing or sliding down the hill to the valley. Such a lot of them.

"Major Rankine’s compliments, Sir, can you send up a Company we are getting it very hot". "D" Co, Orderly Go to O.C. "D" Co and tell him &c. &c.

I have told in a few minutes what took two hours or more to eventuaute and a constant stream of orderlies kept the thing going on quietly. (How the men chaff about me and this good word (?) [handwritten in the margin: quietly] Charley and I and Baby when he comes up for a change from Brigade Head Quarters, just smoke a fag or calm some excited orderly or too energetic subaltern – and we wait – Oh God only knows what strain we bear. The responsibility, the anxiety lest our line be broken. The constant testing of our readiness to meet such an emergency. The terrible effort to "lie" to one’s pals and oneself by keeping calm and unmoved. to steady one’s fingers

[Page 198]
fingers when lighting the comforting and deceiving fag.

A bounding jumping excited youth almost knocks us over as he rushes at us all smiles. "I’ve got one, Sir, the [dashes] got me at last" (The point is that he never swears usually) "Well Harry old chap, is it bad?" "Not a bit, only in the shoulder. I’m going up in a minute, Major Rankine sent me down to have a spell, -- I’m off to get even with the brutes". His left arm is tied up and he is badly hit, too excited to know it, and I keep him by asking for details of the fight. Then he calms down and drinks tea and "thinks he’ll have a rest". Finally he goes up to the firing line and gets his kit and he too goes "down to the beach". "Good bye Colonel, I’ll be back in a few days". He isn’t so bad as he thought and will get over it.

This is Harry Boyle, a Duntroon youth of whom I could never write enough. The youngest officer who left Australia (now a Captain) Struck more fight than any other officer up to the day he was hit, and behaved like a veteran. Had command of his Company too for some time with only two other boys to help him. Too young at 19? Not by a long chalk.

"Gunnar’s done, Sir. " (Reg.Cox). "What, killed?" "No, but broken down – concussion – He He just collapsed, and the doctor says he’ll never fight again. (He is in Malta, St. Andrew’s, mending very slowly)

My mind rushes through the list of officers who are left, about 12 now out of 33. Then the awful tugging one feels going on in one’s brain and all the time the damned infernal din as the Turks hammer away.

A stroll or two along the terrace just to see that things are O.K. below and I meet another weary subaltern, there are few left now – "Poor old Bill, Sir" He can hardly tell me for Bill Hamilton was everyone’s favourite. "Don’t know how it happened. We found him in the trench shot through the mouth, 3 chambers of his revolver empty. Don’t know, Sir. Don’t know". – "We found him in the trench shot through the mouth. I won’t continue this. I dimly remember the awful strain. Yes, I remember wondering how long I COULD keep this up, keeping cool and keeping one’s hand on things and just working the right levers at the right time. One never can know it, never anticipate it or prepare for it, it’s too hard, but one must do it if he is to command. It’s far easier to rush about up in the trenches or in the firing line, giving vent to one’s feelings or letting off steam or keeping oneself occupied with the rush of close events, but I’m satisfied it’s not the game for a Commanding Officer and verily am I equally satisfied of two more things (1) that if I had gone messing about the fire trenches or DOING people’s work instead of DIRECTING it, then Courtney’s Post would easily have run a big risk of being pushed in – and then – Well Heaven help the Australians. How much depends upon each one of us. The anxiety is truly very great. Do you wonder it wears a man down? (2) The other thing I am more than ever convinced of is that a C.O. and his Adjutant must have a single mind, they must be one of each other. What I should have done without the presence, the advice, the mere yarning if you like, of Charley Dare I shudder to think. He is the "second thought" so often best. He was the eternal Why? that brings either another course of action or confirms the first, and his the calm, unruffled, almost blase, manner that made one wonder if there were really a fight going on right here. If he suffered the mental struggle that I did he must be made of iron for when the music ceased he just went on with his daily routine of "States & Reports" while I lay me down "all out" – and the music did stop this morning about 8.30. Think of it, the demons of Hell let loose for 5 solid hours then a gradual lull till we hear no more than the ordinary rattle of rifles which goes on at all times. Did I say that when the day

[Page 199]
day dawned the guns got to work (One of our Batteries put 300 shells into the attackers). Just add this row to the rifles and even then you will never realise nor could anyone describe the full detail of a battle. I have tried but have failed miserably. Too many things happen in 5 hours to tell of. I have just drawn a rough outline. Not all the detail that I wouldn’t put on paper, it must wait.

We try to sleep that day but it’s a poorer effort than usual. Bobby (Rankine) comes down and we talk things over and all the "boys" come along and we hear of incidents of gallantry. how 10 Turks actually took a party trench by rushing with bombs and knocked our men out, how poor old Bill Hamilton went to see and [dash] (no one knows) How Keith Crabbe organised a ruse against these brutes while a corporal went single handed to the opposite end and of teh 7 left he killed 5 and helped two out of the trench with his bayonet. Total killed by the corporal 7. Have reported him and hope he gets his reward.

So the quiet day goes on never much chance of sleep. Too tired to sleep anyhow.

We get things in order, relieve the firing line and – send the same old subalterns back to the trenches – we have no others to take their places.

About 4.0.o’ck while at afternoon tea I saw General Godley passing along the terrace towards me, all smiles and his hand stretched out as I went to meet him. and he was so kindly complimentary in his sincere remarks. I merely thanked him and told him "we had quietly done our job and would quietly go on doing it". Then he told me very nicely what a great fight we had put up, and what we never knew before, that 2 Divisions had attacked the line, the main attack being against Quinn’s and Courtney’s Posts, and he told us of the awful slaughter we had made. Then he spoke kindly again and was more complimentary and I could merely gulp out "Thank you" and my heart filled and the tears poured down my cheeks. I was broken by kind words when all the Turks on the Peninsula couldn’t move me, nor all the horrors of war. Such is human frailty. Such is a big fight from the warped memory of a sick C.O. Any why sick? Well firstly the partial reason would be found in what I have written, part in what I have to omit. I have mentioned very few of many messages from the firing line and from Brigade, they both help to make anxiety and worry, but still I have to let it go at that lest I say too much here.

Look further. This fight I have described is only one of many, the biggest certainly, but we had the same thing every night almost for 3 weeks, once they kept us going for 9 hours but not so hot.

Look further back. Broadmeadows on October 1st, a mob. The work. The worry, then the sea trip and its new problems, all handled by the ship’s staff in such a way as to command success, but oh the worry. Egypt – new ways of worrying a C.O. and his imperturbable staff. Work, work always but so cheerfully, because from Oct. 1st everyone had tried so hard to do his bit. Then the final move to Gallipoli and another anxious wait for 2 or 3 weeks on the boat.
"Will the men stick it"? "Have our methods been right after all?" "What will the verdict be?" Calm and confident through it all and never a hint to a soul that I was even troubled with such a thought, but I was much troubled too. I blamed my liver and my neuralgia. Then look at out landing. All that Sunday night we lay off Anzac Cove and the wounded were being brought to our ship, already crowded with the [B]attalion and over 700 wounded were taken aboard.

This was our first introduction to real war. There were my pals. Poor old Frank LeMaistre – tied up and almost bereft of his senses – never will I forget it all, much less the Monday which followed. We found two destroyers alongside after breakfast and into these

[Page 200]
these we crowded and started for the beach about a mile away. Some silly shrapnel got about us but didn’t touch our boat, had a rotten feeling all the time though. About 600 yards from land we clambered across into lighters and our first casualty occurred, not in my boat, a man was killed by shrapnel which was now welcoming us too closely and we kept "ducking"

Out of the lighters and we hope to get right at it and relieve our feelings – but no. We simply assemble and get as many as possible separted from the crowd of all sorts on the beach & then we huddle up against the hill and try to make shelter. Room for about 100 all told out of nearly 800. The rest were exposed and it is one of the mysteries of that day that not a shell landed on the mass of men – where later on hardly a man was safe. But the beastly shrapnel kept bursting over us and landing in the sea not far away, and there we lay all day and all that weary night being "blooded" to fight in this nerve racking way, and never a chance to fire a shot or relieve our feelings.

Yes, and look at the awful Tuesday. At 10.30.a.m. we move up the valley, a rough track then, can go only in single file, shelled all the way, a few men hit. We reach the top finally in pieces and then began our real meeting of lead and here the story is too complicated to put on paper easily. Sufficient to say I found myself in command of Quinn’s and Courtney’s Posts as they are now named. The too hottest places in the line, and so my command lasted for 4 days till I was relieved at Quinn’s. The first day I lost Jack Adams, my second in command, and Captain Hoggart. Two other Captains had gone sick before we landed. In 3 days I have lost 5 Captains and 4 subalterns and self fell a victim to the fleu. We had no blankets, only C[h]arley and I had even great coats. It was awfully cold at nights and at times it rained, but harder than all the Turks kept up an incessant attack on these two posts and our losses were naturally heavy. The numbers I omit at present.

But I couldn’t go "sick", not much, the really superhuman bravery and [calmness] of the officers and men in the 3 days of awe, of death and of hardships which never ceased for a moment are quite beyond my expression, – beyond what any man could ever expect, and far beyond all praise. Only the absolute confidence in the Battalion, a confidence begotten by watching the training closely for 7 months and an intimate knowledge of all ranks kept me" clothed and in my right mind". Really I never feared a "break" close as we must have been to it at times. Now in calm retreat I almost give way to emotion as I look back on the men who did that job. Yes, and those who gave their lives in doing it.

Two officers stand out in my mind – Bobby Rankine and Tommy Steel – products of the good old Scottish Regiment – and for years real good pals of mine. Jack Adams did his job but met his bullet too soon, but Rankine had Quinn’s and Steel Courtney’s Post and my admiration of them amounts almost to worship.

Myself, mostly crawling around, feverish, weary, anxious, dirty, unshaven, caring for nothing but those two posts, and doing everything possible to feed and comfort the men. No hot tea or any such luxuries for 3 days. No blankets as I have said, and no coats, the wonder is truly they didn’t get pnuemonia, but not one man went sick till long after.

I didn’t mean to worry you, Tom, with all this detail but I have just wandered on and on and it relieves my feelings, so you must forgive my prolixity, but don’t think I have told you all or half. I have omitted much and a good deal purposely, it can keep, and will fill in the remaining causes of my final breakup, possibly.

Well after a few days I got rid of Quinn’s Post and we consolidated Courtney’s Post and for a fortnight we were at it nightly, almost without exception, the same story as I began with but not always so hot.

Let me close with this outline. I can give any one details by yarning if ever anyone wants to hear about what Ian Hamilton described as "The bloodiest fighting I’ve ever known".

(by R.E. Courtney)

[Page 201]
(Copy)

To Colonel Courtney
Commanding "Courtney’s Post"
No. 3 Section
(14th Battalion

H.C.G. 445 19/5/15

I congratulate you and your Battalion and all the garrison of your post on your gallant and successful defence today.

Australia will be proud to hear of your fine performance. The testimony of prisoners and your own observation will tell you what great losses you have inflicted on the enemy. The Turks will probably attack again tonight but I have every confidence that you and your garrison will again repel them with even more loss to them than today.

(Signed) General Godley
N.Z. & A Division.

"Courtney’s Post"
Gallipoli Peninsula
Turkey
19/5/15

The C.O. is proud to pass to all ranks the message of appreciation which the General Officer Commanding (General Godley) came to personally deliver this afternoon.

The General congratulates the Battalion on their successful repelling of the attack this morning. He states that he and the whole Division are proud of the "Fourteenth" whose name will go down to history in connection with this determined fight.

The Turks opposed to us amounted to three Divisions and were led by a famous German General brought over specially to command the enemy.

We may expect a similar attack tonight. The G.O.C. confidently looks forward to our meeting it.

I replied that the 14th quietly did their best and will go on doing it.

(sd) R E Courtney. Lt. Col.
Commanding 14th Battalion.

[Page 202]
[Letters from brothers, Horace (Horrie) and Edward Wintour (Ted) Davies, from Wollongong, NSW.

Sergeant Horace (Horrie) Davies, No 2146, a coke worker, enlisted on 3 May 1915 aged 22, and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A62 Wandilla, on 14 June 1915 with the 13th Infantry Battalion, 6th Reinforcement. He served at Gallipoli and in France, transferring to the 45th Battalion in 1916. He was wounded in action three times and returned to Australia on 11 February 1919.

Private Edward WIntour (Ted) Davies, No 1540, a seaman, enlisted on 10 December 1914 at age 22, and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A49 Seang Choon on 11 February 1915 with the 3rd Battalion, 3rd Reinforcement. He was wounded in the thigh at Gallipoli in August 1915 and returned to Australia on 24 September 1916.

Includes a story about journalists coming to an English convalescent home in October 1915 for tales of Gallipoli (page 214)]
Letters from the Front
from Private Horace Davies (Horrie)
2146 13th Battalion 6th Reinforcement
4th Brigade

from Private Edward Wintour Davies (Ted)
1540 3rd Batt., 3rd Reinforcements,
1st Brigade

presented by his mother, Mrs. E.W. Davies.

[Page 203]
A Coy. 3rd Batt
1st Brigade
A.I.F.
Turkey
21/6/15

Dear Mother,

I received your ever welcome letter today dated 11/5/15 and was very pleased to hear from you I have had several letters from Ruby but none from Sam and no papers at all.
Well Mother we are right after the enemy here. I have been here 8 weeks now and I am getting used to war I felt a bit strange when the first shells burst about us but that did not last long we had no time to think we fixed bayonets and got right at them and we let them know we were there too fighting was a bit slack for a while but the last big one we had we killed over 3.000 and wounded 6.000. they thought we were mugs but they soon changed their minds about that.
All the boys are in great trim and good health, Mother we are in trenches here so you cant expect much of a letter. I have no paper or envelopes and can’t get any here, so when you write again put a spare sheet and two envelopes on the letter, Will you and I would be very pleased.
I hope Horrie arrives here safe and sound. We can’t write a big "note" so I will close best love to all at home and Ruby
xxxx Ted

[Page 204]
[Address, written on reverse of letter on previous page. See image for details.]
Mrs. E.W. Davies
Edward Street
Wollongong
N.S.W.
Australia

O.A.S.

[Page 205]
Trenches. Gallipoli
Peninsula,
July 17th 1915

Dear Mother

A few lines to let you know I am quite well & going strong. I had a letter from Ruby & also one from "Sully" he was saying he has not seen Sam or any one from W.gong for some time so does’nt know how they are down there. Ruby said in her letter that she was sending me newspapers weekly but I haven’t received any up to date. So Mother don’t you send any because I never get them. when you write to Ruby please tell her not to bother sending anymore. I haven’t heard from Sam only one card since, I have been over here.
Well Mother war is not all roses we are having a good deal of hardships to contend with and the hot weather a deadly roar of the big guns is something out of the common but I am quite used to it now.
Suppose you saw in Papers how we are fixing the Turks up. you can scarcely imagine how the boys get on to the enemy and make him go some. we are expecting an early finish here. when we start and the ships fire from behind us you would think it impossible for anythink to live in it.
Well Mother I haven’t much time to write now but will write a long letter next time when you write send me Horace’s address. best love to all at Home, not forgetting you & R.
Ted

[Page 206]
[Envelope]
Mrs. E.W. Davies
Edward Street
Wollongong
N.S.W.
Australia

O.A.S.
[Signed]

[Page 207]
[Envelope]
on active Service

Mr. I. Davies
Edward. Street
Wollongong
New. South. Wales
Australia

[Page 208]
Egyptian Goverment Hospital
Alexandria
August 29th 1915

Dear Mother

Just a few lines to let you know that I am getting on fairly well. I have been in here since the 11th inst and I am leaving for England in a few days time. I was wounded on the 7th inst. I had a bullet through the thigh and a piece of shrapnel in the calf; the wounds wont heal in this climate.
I got a very pleasant surprise when I heard Horace was on the Peninsula I went straight over to see him, and he looked the picture of health. He told me he had left Sydney without going to see Ruby. I was angry with him for when a fellow gets on that Peninsula he is lucky to get through safely.
We had a good chat together and the following afternoon I saw him again and we had a swim together too.
The next day (7th) we were in action and it was a terrible fight. I was wounded after about 4 hours hand-to-hand. Then We fairly tore the Turks to pieces. I have learnt since that Horace was alright and doing well. I only hope he remains so I have written him since I have been in here but I have not had a reply.

[Page 209]
yet. There are quite a lot of Wogong boys at the front now. Young Wilton arrived there the day I left but I have heard nothing of him since. J. Hart was wounded and came over to Egypt with me. As this is not a military hospital not many of the boys come in and we don’t hear much news.
I have had no letters from you for a couple of months now also Ruby’s letters have gone astray too so you see I don’t hear much of you. Did you get the F.B. cards I sent you from the front? Ruby was asking in one of her letters for a photo. I am enclosing one (of a kind) taken on my bed. I have nothing else. I had some good ones in my "kit bag" which was left here in Egypt when we went to Gallipoli, but that has gone; all I had when I arrived in Hospital was 1 boot one sock ¼ pair pants hat & tunic 1 puttee. you could’nt tell what I was till you had the second look. It will be a few weeks yet before my leg gets well and I stop a few more turks. The two marked with a cross are Australians the others are "tommies" well I think this is all the news long letter next time best love to all at home and yourself. I remain yours
Affect son Ted

[Page 210]
[Envelope]
Mrs. E.W. Davies
Edward Street
Wollongong
N.S.W.
Australia

[Page 211]
[On letterhead of Ward B5 to 8, 1st Southern General Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham.]
Sat. Sep. 25th 1915

Dear Mother

a few lines to let you know that I am in England and I am getting fairly well now this is a very nice Hospital and we are treated very good indeed
we had a very fine trip over from Egypt and didn’t come across any of Kaiser Billums submarines to cause excitement
I haven’t had any mail from you or Ruby for a long time and I have’nt heard from Horace I sent him some writing material and I can’t make out why he has not written to me have you heard from him? Are you receiving my letters alright?
We disembarked at Devonpot and had a lovely trip up here in the train there is not much news to tell you. I hope you and all at home are quite well. I will write you in a few days time again
Ted.

[Page 212]
[Envelope]
Mrs. E.W. Davies
Edward Street
Wollongong
N.S.W.
Australia.

[Page 213]
Postmark
"Moseley"
15/10/15.

Highbury
V.A.D.
Moor Green
Birmingham
England

Dear Mother,

Just a few lines to let you know I am getting fairly well again
I am now in the above convalescent home I can’t walk yet but I will get well soon. This place where I am is

[Page 214]
Joe Chamberlain’s private house and we are treated with the greatest of kindness they are all ladies in here and we have plenty of visitors come in to see us. We are having a good time alround.
I had a letter from old George Reid the other day wishing me a speedy recovery and also saying that if I need anything to let him know. he is very proud of the Australians now. Everybody makes a great fuss over us now. Paper men come round and want us to tell them yarns about Gallipoli
When we get well we have 14 days leave and I have 5 invitations already to stay with

[Page 215]
different people. All I am in need of is a letter from you or Ruby. I haven’t heard anything of Horace, have you? I am expecting some letters every day from Egypt.
When you write always address to the 3rd Batt. A.I.F. because I won’t get them otherwise.
Best love to all at home and yourself
Ted

[Page 216]
St Georges Hospital
Malta
16/8/15

Dear Mother,

Just a few lines to let you know how I am getting on. I arriaved at Dardanelles on August the 1st and on August the 6th, I went out in the big charge for hill (971) the key of the situation, and after desperate fighting we managed to get there. I was wounded on the 9th , but as luck happens it is not very searious, I have been sent down to the base at Malta till I get well again.
I saw Ted, over at the Dardanelles when I first landed, and he looked fairly well too, he has

[Page 217]
[The individual pages of this two-page spread are not in chronological order. Transcribed as they should be read; see image for details.]
been there a long time now, and has done his share of fighting. He was wounded on August the 6th, but not very searious, I don’t know what base he has gone to, but where ever he goes he will be treated well.
I sent Ruby a postcard but I don’t know whether she got it or not. I suppose she thinks it rather funny me not wrighting to her but over here it is so hard to find anything to write with.
It is all right to see our big gun boats shelling the Turks, big clods of dirt and Turks go flying for yards up in the air, and our men on shore are giving them some hurry up too, they fairly dread the Australians to get close to them, they know what they are on if they do.
Tell Sam to tell some of the men from Mt Lyell about me being wounded, that’s if it was not published in the papers it will be in amongst the 13th Battalion, lot if it was published.
Malta is a very nice place for the wounded soldiers to have a good spell, there is plenty of swimming and fishing and nice places

[Page 218]
to go and see. Well I will send you some of the views of Malta and let you know when I will be going back to the Dardanelles, I don’t think it will last much longer now, we are not allowed to say too much you know so I cant explain it to you
Any how I will say good bye for the present wishing everyone at home the best of luck and prosperity
From Horry

[Page 219]
[Postcard "Souvenirs de Malta", showing French and British sailors and naval ensigns and pictures of two warships, HMS Dublin and the Patrie.]

[Page 220]
[Message side of postcard.]
St Georges Hospital
Malta
18/8/15

Dear Ivor,
just a card to let you how I am getting on. I was in the biggest charge that has been at the Dardanelles yet. It was a sight I will never forget, there were thousands of dead Turks every where you went. We captured over one thousand, Turks in a couple of hours. I was wounded on August the 9th but not very searious a bullet through my hip. I saw Ted over there, he was wounded on the 6th
From Horry

[Page 221]
[Envelope]
O.A.S

Mrs. E.W. Davies
Edward Street
Wollongong
NSW
Australia

[Page 222]
[Francis Edward De Groot was born in Dublin, Ireland on 24 October 1888. He served in the 15th Hussars (British Army) on the western front in World War I, where he was awarded a ceremonial sword. He became famous when, on Saturday 19 March 1932, he upstaged New South Wales Premier Jack Lang at the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, before a crowd of 300,000 people, cutting the ribbon with that ceremonial sword.]
[Envelope]
F.E. De Groot.

On Active Service

Herbert Spencer Esq.,
c/o Angus & Robertson Ltd,
89 Castlereagh St,
Sydney,
N.S.W.
Australia.

[Page 223]
4th Jan. 1916.
B.E.F.
France

My Dear Spencer,

You will probably be surprised to hear from me, but to tell you the truth there is small time for letter writing over here. When we are up at the Line there are few opportunities, & when resting, I am afraid, our time is taken up with other things, mostly disapations. Anyway we are out now for a good spell, hence this note.

I often wonder how you & the rest of the old lot are progressing, and wonder if these old times will return. It is now nearly three years since I left sunny New South for my years holiday, some holiday.

[Page 224]
and a few things have happened since then, but we all hope & believe that another year will see an end to this show, or see the hardest part of it finished anyway. I have been in the Somme show from the start, & still retain an unpunctured skin, more by good luck than good management I must admit, for this flying ironmongery is no respector of persons.

If I can say the same next year I shall be one of the lucky ones, as the spring will see a lot of us "eating salad by the roots". Have seen quite a lot of the Australians in action & believe me, they are good as the best, as I always knew they would be.

Received a copy of "Ginger Mick" from A & R, & found it good, if a trifle unnecessarily sad. I wonder if you

[Page 225]
ever met Capt R.V. Pollak of my Regt, who was staff Capt to Ryne? he has told me a lot about the Dardanelles show, & was I believe well liked by the Anzacs.

I suppose those kiddies of yours are as big as Father now, I hope you are all keeping fit & doing well.

It is a long time since I heard from anyone in Sydney, except Vera Healey who writes me very cheery letters. Wymark hasnt written for a year & a half, wonder if he got my letters, but the past is uncertain now. You might remind him, will you, & when you get time write yourself & give me all the news. Give my Regards to G.R, Wymark, Shenstone, McCure, Lewis, & all the rest who are left there.

With Kindest Regards to yourself, Mrs Spencer & the kiddies,
Yours very sincerely,
F. De Groot.
Lt 15th Hussars.

[Page 226]
[Sergeant, later 2nd Lieutenant, Joseph Henry Dietze (also known as Joseph Henry Sandoe), No 94, an engineer from Marrickville, NSW, enlisted on 17 August 1914 at age 20, and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A19 Afric on 18 October 1914 with the 1st Battalion, A Company. He served at Gallipoli and with the 45th Battalion in France. He was wounded twice in 1915 at Gallipoli, and killed in action in France on 18 September 1918.]
[On His Majesty’s Service]
Letters from the Front.
Corp Sergt. J. Dietze

[Page 227]
[The original of this multi-page letter has two pages to an image. The images don’t present the pages in chronological order. Transcribed in the order in which it should be read; some line breaks introduced to aid readability. See original for details.]
From
94 Sgt. J. Dietze,
A Company 1st Batt.
1st Australian Imperial Forces.

Sunday 19th Sept.
Fulham Military Hospital
B.I. Ward
Hammersmith
London

My Dear Mother, Father, Brothers & Sisters,

I suppose by this time, you have been notified by the Government that I have been admitted to this hospital.
On Friday afternoon 27th Aug. I was passing down a trench & I shell burst just above me & a shrapnell ball entered my right shoulder & came out at the back of the arm about 6 inches down: it knocked me flying against the side.
Well I got it bandaged & collected a few of my possesions & made my way to the beach dressing station, was dressed again, & after receiving a cup of tea – for I felt a bit queer in the "tummy" – I was sent on board a N.Z. hospital ship the Maheno & some sisters fixed us up with by washing & cleaning out the wounds, gave us beef tea, an orderlie gave me a warm bath & put me in a nice clean white bed. I put in a bad night every time I moved the shoulder ached & pained terrible.
There was very heavy fighting on our left flank & many charges that night & by day break the "Maheno" was crowded with wounded & dying: & at noon we left Anzac Cove for Mudros Harbour Lemnos arriving there in the evening, after burying a number of men who died on the boat. Next morning Sunday, everybody was transhipped on to the transport "Huntsgreen" as all the Hospitals at Lemnos were

[Page 2]
overcrowded; I was glad as I had no wish to go there.
Monday afternoon we after taking the wounded off another boat, making about 900, we left for Malta arriving there on Thursday where some of the worst cases were sent ashore. We had English sisters on board & there was one who was very heavy handed & she dressed all our part of the boat: it was on the day after leaving Mudros that I was dressed again & she ripped the bandage off, just like skinning a pudding, & squeezed the holes: the pain was terriffic & everything went black in front of me.
Well it got bound up afresh but it throbbed all day & night after that the dressings were not too bad but the wound discharged a lot. We only stayed at Malta 1 day & we made for Gibraltar where all the serious cases were left ashore after being in port 6 days & nobody being allowed ashore, we left & had a beautiful smooth sea – thank goodness - & arrived at Plymouth on Wednesday 15th Sep. 3 weeks almost with bread & butter like tallow, jam, awful meat, half bad potatoes, & sometimes peas like pebbles: through this everybody on board was as weak as a kitten, through loss of blood, shock & poor food: for my part I could’nt walk up the steps without rests & support from the railing as 40 of us were on the lower deck forward.
There were men buried every night between Lemnos & Gib. The Australians were the last to leave the Huntsgreen & after waiting from 5 P.M. until 11 P.M., we got in the Hospital train & arrived in Paddington

[Page 3]
station at 6 A.M. the train journey was the limit as it shook us to pieces. Well motor ambulances took the train load – about 12 carriages – to the various hospitals & after a pleasant ride I arrived at this hospital with 3 other N.C.O.s who whom I have been with since leaving Lemnos.
We had a nice breakfast, had our wounds dressed with hot fomentations after the doctor examined us, had a splendid dinner, & a rich American lady came & sent us out in a car to visit London: she has taken over the job of supplying a number of cars to take the men out as she has tons of money & not married.
We had a fine outing, seen the principal buildings, The Tower, Houses of Parliment, Westminister, St Pauls etc. had afternoon tea, arriving back at 6 P.M. & supper at 7 & bed at 8.
Every thing is clean in this ward the matron & Sisters (5) are great. We get up at 5.15 AM, have a warm bath, a fresh hot fomentation, breakfast 6.30, do odd jobs such as assisting in making the beds, sweeping etc. at 11 a.m the doctor comes & have a fresh fomentation, a lovely dinner at 12.30 & leave from 2 till 6. sup or tea at 4.30 & supper at 7, bed at 8: nice green grass around the hospital isn’t it great?
Friday afternoon, a lady Mrs Rawson took the 4 of us in her car & showed us through the Abbey House of Commons & Lords, to her flat for afternoon tea & to the Ranleagh Club with a girl of Elsa’s age for a canoe on the lakes & showed us all round. After driving us back she visited our ward & left

[Page 4]
It was a beautiful afternoon we had & finished up with chicken supper.
Saturday I went out alone to try & change the Money Order but will have to wait a couple of weeks. I wandered about Walham Green went by tube to the Strand & strolled about until I came to Shoreditch & made my way home. We are all dressed in a blue trowsers & coat white shirt & red tie & it looks fine. Well while at Shoreditch I was walking along a wide street & suddenly I found myself the centre of a crowd of kids & chaps about 16 well I got disgusted & got on the first buss to the city.
This morning I went to church & this afternoon I am going for a pleasant drive. I had my shoulder under the X rays to see if the bone was splintered but they could see nothing: the arm is practically useless but when it is massaged & some electric treatment applied, I will be fit again to be sent to the Dardanelles to see if the Turks will leave me alone.
This is the third time I have been hit, the first time you heard about & the second time was like this. On the 6th Aug Friday afternoon we were in the reserve, while a lot of important trenches had to be taken, well our guns gave the Turks an hours bombardment & as soon as the guns finished the first line of men jumped the parapet & charged across 90 yards. Well the

[Page 5]
Turks brought up all their reserve batteries & gave us a heavy shelling where we were waiting & swept the space where the men had to charge to say nothing of the dozens of machine guns & rifle fire, also they sent over numerous 11 inch shells which barely missed us, & 8 inch shells. Suddenly the unexpected order came for the 1st Batt. to get ready & every body got out & passed up to the firing line – through a hail of shrapnel - & there we saw dozens of men in terrible states through the wounds: well A Company were sent through a tunnel about 20 yards & into square holes running up to the ground level.
When the order came to charge I got stuck while getting out & I thought I was going to have my head knocked off as the hail of shrapnel & shell was terrific & the fire from the machine guns & rifles was like a [star] any way I chap along side me pushed me up & I helped him up & I made for the nearest trench in front going like a deer.
I was half way across & my left leg went in a small shell hole & nicked my knee causing me to fall & I dropped in a crater – a hole caused by a huge shell bursting on the ground - & it was full of dead & wounded & a machine gun was pouring right in it.
I only stopped there a second or two when I sprang out & raced for a hole in the trench. My word the hail of lead was terrible it came from both flanks, front & the hills: I got across without a scratch to the hole & dropped to a sitting position & slid in with 2 others

[Page 6]
behind me. My heart leapt when I saw there were no Turks near a hand, & a wounded chap told us to go to the left: I got there & found 4 men holding the end of a trench which was full of them. I was senior & so took charge. well the Turks tried to break through several times during the night & I was glad when the sun came up.
Another Sgt. & went down that trench in the morning & a huge 6 foot Turk stepped out & fired point blank at us a range of 20 yards & luckily he missed us.
Just previous to that the sentry & I were walking alon[g] & I seen a dead Turk & went over to take the buckle of his belt: the sentry peeped round a corner a few yards further on, & found it swarming with the enemy: he came back told me & we went back to our post – But I had the buckle –
Another Turk was dead near us, & he had a chain round his neck, & being a bit curious I pulled it, & out came a good silver watch: I snapped the chain & kept the watch.
There was terrible close fighting near us, the wounded couldn’t be taken away but laid where they fell & the bombs coming over the size of cricket balls, blew them to pieces. The dead were for 4 & 5 deep & we had to walk over them : it was just like walking

[Page 7]
on a cusion cushion. We were short of bombs & the Turks would retire along a side trench, our men would follow & the Turks would bomb our chaps out generally killing or wounding the lot.
As fast as the men built parrapits out of sand bags, the shells blew them to pieces: it was simply awful the way our men were slaughtered. But for all that we kept the trenches we were told to take. Ive seen men die during the first night in the covered trenches & nobody able to do anything for them: only 1 doctor no ambulance men.
Things cleared up a bit when a tunnel leading from the captured position to the other side was completed: after ammunition, water food & bombs were sent over, the wounded were carried out: but there was always delays while reinforcements were hurried through.
4 days this lasted, the Turks were infuriated at losing the trenches – its a very commanding position - & they wanted them back but we would’nt let them. When bombs fell in the trench, men used to pick them up & throw them back causing damage to the Turks: well the enemy took a tumble & cut the fuse short so as they would burst directly after they fell: through that

[Page 8]
many men picked them up & they burst blowing hands or arms off. After that we took a tumble & threw heavy coats or blankets on them directly they fell & that stopped the flying pieces.
You remember Sgt Shout of the A.R.R well he was throwing a bomb & it burst blowing 1 hand off several fingers off the other, half one side of his face was gone & one side of his body covered with fragments he died several days later on the hospital ship.
Poor Charlie Snow was killed in the charge I think, any way he is missing: he told several chaps before he went that he was not coming back.
It was on the third day I was sitting down in a covered trench & a fragment of bullet entered my neck & I had to have it knifed out: it was fine with nothing to kill the pain.
Our company went into action 150 strong & came out 40 strong; heavy loss wasn’t it. The public don’t know the difficulties the troops have to put up with: water has to be carried up the hills from the beach, the fatigue of constantly digging, little sleep, the noise of rifle & shell fire & always knowing that you will catch something sooner or later,

[Page 9]
war is no joke I can tell you: there were our men lying out in the open ever since that charge dozens of them that be buried & smell is simply terrible at times, & flies coming off bodies on to the food is awful.
I dare say you will be surprised how callous a man becomes: a man may have a very close chum well if somebody tells him his chum is killed all he says is – "poor chap" – & he forgets all about him.
Well I don’t think there is much more to write excepting that I have never once regretted joining the Army & if I have a bit of a rest & decent food I will go back to the Dardanelles again with a good heart: but if they say would you like to go to Australia, I shall say I am your man: & I guarantee I would not miss the boat either.
Please remember me to all friends & Antie Susan please show Antie the letter it will be one less to write, & 1d saved I have only 2/- between me & the outside world: we are not allowed to draw pay while in hospital, but I think I can get a few pounds from the Colonial Office London, for bussfares & stamps I am going to try any way.
Well I shall

[Page 10]
close trusting you are all in the best of good health,
With best love from
Your loving Son
Joe [multiple kisses marked x]
P.S. By the way my diet consists of chicken, milk, puddings, fruit & what ever else there is on the table. I am regaining my old appetite again & I hope you will not tire while reading this letter
Joe x

[Page 228]
[Part of a multi-page letter. For transcription, see page 227.]

[Page 229]
[Part of a multi-page letter. For transcription, see page 227.]

[Page 230]
[Part of a multi-page letter. For transcription, see page 227.]

[Page 231]
[Part of a multi-page letter. For transcription, see page 227.]

[Page 232]
[Part of a multi-page letter. For transcription, see page 227.]

[Page 233]
[Private Frederick George Drewette, No 5068, a printer of Milsons Point, NSW, enlisted on 12 January 1916 at age 23 and embarked from Sydney on SS Makarini on 1 April 1916 with the 2nd Infantry Battalion, 16th Reinforcement. He was transferred to the 54th Battalion and was killed in action in France on 22 November 1917.

Typed letter regarding his death written by Lieutenant A E Askham – probably Lieutenant Albert Charles Askham, 54th Battalion.]
[Typed letter]
France, 27th November, 1917.

Jas. Drewette Esq.,
Sydney.

Dear Sir,

I regret that I have to confirm the news, which you have received long ere this, of the death of your son, No. 5068, Pte. F. G. Drewette.

Your son died while gallantly defending a position on which he had been posted. The most vivid account of the action were obtained from a German prisoner, whom we subsequently captured.

He informs me that the post was strongly defended by your son and three comrades against a force of twenty five Germans, and was not taken until all four had been killed or wounded, while the Germans lost one killed and eight wounded, of whom one is not expected to recover.

As soon as it was known that a fight was in progress I led a party out to reinforce the post, but arrived too late. I, however, recovered the body of your son, which was sent back and decently interred according to the rites of his church. Death had come to him instantaneously, as he was wounded in the head.

I beg to convey to you the sympathy of the Officers and men of my battalion. Your son had earned the respect and esteem of all ranks by his soldierly and manly conduct. As his immediate Commander I join you in your sorrow, but at the same time I am proud of the fact that the men of my command have put up such a good fight, and have ended their careers so gallantly.

Yours very sincerely,
(Sgd.) A. E. Askham, Lieut.

Date of action 23rd 22 November, 1917.

To. W.H.Ifould
Principal Librarian and Secretary

[Page 234]
[Private Francis William Eaton, No 1849, a librarian at the Mitchell Library, enlisted at Sydney, NSW, on 15 February 1915 at age 37, and embarked on HMAT A55 Kyarra on 16 August 1915 with the 2nd Australian General Hospital, Special Reinforcements. He transferred to 4th Field Ambulance and served at Mudros (Lemnos Island), in Egypt and in France. He returned to Australia on 12 May 1918.

Sergeant Major, later Captain, Albert Jacka VC MC and Bar, No 465, a labourer of Wedderburn, Victoria, enlisted on 15 September 1914 at age 21, and embarked from Melbourne, Victoria, on HMAT A38 Ulysses on 22 December 1914 with the 14th Infantry Battalion. He served at Gallipoli and in France and returned to Australia on 6 September 1919. He was the first Australian to be awarded the Victoria Cross in World War 1 (on 29 July 1915).]
[On His Majesty’s Service.]
F.W. Eaton (Public Library, N.S.W)
& Sergt. Major Jacka, V.C.

[Page 235]
[Photograph of two soldiers – see next page for written identification of the soldier on the left as Sergeant Major Albert Jacka VC.]

[Page 236]
Sergt. Major Jacka V C, the first Australian to earn this distinction.
(Observe the VC ribbon on his left breast)

[Page 237]
[Private Albert James Hibbs (Jim) Edmonds, No 2179, a labourer of Blandford, NSW, enlisted on 9 May 1916 aged 21, and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A68 Anchises on 24 August 1916 with the 35th Battalion, 3rd Reinforcement. He was killed in action at Messines, Belgium, 29 July 1917.

Letters of condolence from Sergeant-Major John Francis Garaty , Captain Henry Charles Cadell, and Sergeant Arthur James Gardiner, of the 35th Battalion.]
[On His Majesty’s Service.]
Soldiers’ Letters donated by
Mrs. J.H. Edmonds,
Glen Lawn.
Timor, Blandford.
received from comrades of Pte. A.J.H. Edmonds, killed in action in France

[Page 238]
[Envelope]
Miss I. Edmonds
"Glenlawn"
Timor
Blandford
New South Wales

[Signed:] N.B. D’Arcy
24.3.17

[Page 239]
In the Field
France
7:8:17

Dear Ivy & Beryl

Your parents will have already received my earlier letter re poor old Jim ere this reaches you and Billy has written you also. We are sending you as many of Jim’s personal belongings as can be sent as we, who know you, know what and how much you would like. We know the sympathy that is yours, but feel sure that the spirit that steeled your hearts for you to allow him to do the right thing by enlisting will now assist you in your time of dire distress. Since my last letter I have had plenty and long

[Page 240]
chats with his team mates and one regret of theirs is that had his end been delayed an hour he would have covered himself with glory as it was an action such as would have allowed of a full display of his known skill under fire. Two of his mates have already been commended by the General for their skill, daring and resourcefulness. It is a pride mingled with true sorrow that is theirs. Though as soldiers they face it as they should, yet they cannot help but feel the keenness of the loss of their young untiring, unselfish chum who had been through so much with them. When their loss is considered by them so much

[Page 241]
one is brought to a sense of realisation of what his homefolk endured, but the Australian never yet regretted doing the right thing and we know that through your clouds of sorrow there shows a ray of sunshine in knowing that he made the great sacrifice for the good of others. It is a great sorrow that in after years may be looked back on by you with a little justifiable pride.
You remember that stanza in "Harps of Ancient Rome". –
"How can man die better
"Than facing fearful odds
"For the ashes of his fathers
"And the temples of his gods"
Well that applies to him only the issue at stake is far greater. After seeing the

[Page 242]
devastating work of the Hun in this part one can easily see why all are in arms against an inhuman foe who has spread desolation over as fair a land as one could wish to see.

Let us hope that your share of sorrow has ended and that through the years yet to be many joys may be yours to minimise the effects of this. With this wish
Believe me to be your ever sincere friend
J. F. Garaty

[Sergeant-Major, later 2nd Lieutenant, John Francis Garaty, 35th Battalion]

[Page 243]
On Active Service

Mrs J. Edmonds
"Glenlawn"
Timor
Blandford
New South Wales

[Signed:] L J West

[Page 244]
In the Field
France
30:7:17

Dear Mr & Mrs Edmonds.

Let me tender you my very sincere sympathy in the loss sustained by you on the night of July 28th when you lost a very fine son, the A.I.F. one of its best soldiers, and I, with many others to whom he was known so well, one of the best of chums. He was easily in the top rank of popular lads, and this combined with his skill and devotion to duty seems to have cost him his life.

A brief narration of his end will I know be welcomed by you.
"For hours our Front Line where Jim was stationed had been subjected by enemy artillery to a severe bombardment. One of a

[Page 245]
machine gun’s crew becoming a casualty, Jim as one of the most skilful and reliable was taken from his own team to replace him in anticipation of a heavy enemy raid. He had hardly taken his place in the new team when a shell landed among them. His N.C.O. was killed by the shell which seems to have missed Jim who was killed by concussion, not a mark being discernible on his body."

His death seems to have had an avenging effect on the boys who with grim determination and defended and then counter-attacked so successfully that the enemy were repulsed with heavy loss.

Next day Jim’s body and his mates were brought down to a little cemetery in rear of our line where he now takes his last

[Page 246]
long well-earned rest within sound of the guns whose discordant sound he knew so well. A neat little cross marks his grave.

I had hoped to see him again before his interment but arrived at the grave just a few minutes late.

The forwarding to you of his effects who is safe in the hands of our chaplain, while a couple of parcels from home arriving for him today I have given "Billy" as his best pal. I know you will approve of this.

Poor old Billy is very quiet today. He knows what a faithful chum has gone.

In this your time of sorrow let me hope that the knowledge that he died voluntarily a true hero’s death beloved and mourned by all will in no small way help to lessen the blow delivered you.

[Page 247]
To his brothers and sisters please extend my sympathy though I know no loss is quite so great as that of your own.

For ourselves we will keep on so that the sacrifice of so many promising lives will not have been in vain.

Again commisserating with you in your grief.
I am Your very sincere friend
J F Garaty Sgt Major

[Page 248]
In the Field
20-9-17.

Mr J. A. Edmonds
Timor
Blandford.

Dear Sir.

On behalf of the comrades of your late soldier son and myself his Company commander, I write to offer you our sincere sympathy. It may please you to know he died as he lifed lived, a white man, game, and doing his duty. An enemy shell ended his grand life on 29-7-17. He did not feel it, and now lies in a hero’s grave on Messines ridge. We missed him, he was a grand soldier, and only hope to do as well as he did.

Yours sincerely
H. Cadell

[Captain Henry Charles Cadell, 35th Battalion, killed in action on 20 October 1917.]

[Page 249]
[Envelope]
Mr J. A. Edmonds
Timor
Blandford
N.S.W.
Australia

[Signed:] H. Cadell

[Page 250]
In the Field
5:12:17

Dear Mrs Edmonds

A few days ago I received your letter of early October and today I got one of Aug 2nd while a week ago I saw your letter to our chaplain.
Jim was buried a mile S. of Messines and his name is on the cross which shows where he lies. His home and people were ever in his mind. Photos or letters from home made him again, in fancy, back in dear N.S.W. and when Billy, he and I sat together for a yarn war was forgotten, the future where we would be back in our land being too bright to worry over war.
Sitting tonight in my dug-out brings back our last letter-writing together when I sent Beryl or Ivy a field card, asking him to send all the news as I was tired – or lazy. He was then writing to you about July 7th he and I sharing the same dug-out.
He was always the first to volunteer for any job, arduous or risky. War has made him a much finer lad than even you can imagine, ever full of fun to buoy others up in rough times, but soberminded enough to see that they ran no unnecessary risks. Man never had a more cheery nor more reliant pal
P.T.O.

[Page 251]
You ask me to take for myself any parcels sent to him. For this I thank you but his team mates needed them more than I so I passed them on.

You thank me for what was no trouble, but an attempt to place before you how a fine lad made the supreme sacrifice. Had I gone instead of Jim he would gladly have done all in his power for my people and with Billy just the same. I have found that the time spent by me at Timor brief though it was brought me in contact with folk who have proven in every way among my best friends.

For this note written under difficulties I must apologise but as it is my last piece of paper and I felt I must write you as soon as time allowed I feel sure you will pardon.

Before I conclude allow me to wish yourself, Mr Edmonds & family the best of all that goes to make one happy for you have had more than your share of trouble in the loss sustained by the death of dear Jim whom I was proud to call my pal.

Believe me
Ever your sincere friend J F Garaty

[Page 252]
France
28.11.17
Dear Mrs Edmonds.
I received your daughters letter of the 26.8.17 this morning and it is with greatest regret that my first letter to you should be one of condolence and sympathy in your late sad bereavement for your son Jim I really feel ashamed for not writing before conveying my sympathy but was talking to Bil Watson and he said he would be writing but expect you hadn’t got his letter yet.

Yes Jim was a good and true mate of mine. I was talking to him in the morning and he was then in the best of spirits but neither of us suspected it would be our last meeting or that we should be attacked that night by some of the best troops of the enemy. As you know Jim was a machine gunner and in the attack all the men on one gun were wounded so Jim went and got the gun in action and was doing good work when a shell came putting his

[Page 253]
gun out of action and killing him instantaneously.
needless to say. the few of us that were not hurt. prevented the enemy reaching our trenches and Jim’s body was laid to rest in one of our own cemeteries. I don am not sure if it can be arranged but if possible I will get a photo of the grave and forward same to you.

Your son was always a good clean living man. and a Soldier always carrying out his duties faithfully and conscientiously. Such men we can ill afford to lose and are a not only a loss to their relatives and friends but to the nation as a whole. I think Billy Watson arranged with the padre. to send Jim’s personal effects to you and no doubt you would have them ere this reaches you

I have been promoted to Sgt since then and was wounded myself on Oct. 3rd and don’t know how Billy or any of the others have fared. but trust they are alright. I am quite well now again am going back to the Batt. in a day or so. Again expressing my deepest sympathy in your sad bereavment. as you know there is always One Who watches over us and His will be done.

Trusting all are quite well.
Yours in Sympathy
Arthur J. Gardiner.

[Page 254]
[Private Arthur Raymond Ellis, No 1114, a miner from Stanifer, near Inverell, NSW, enlisted on 12 January 1916 at age 18, and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A74 Marathon on 4 May 1916 with 33rd Battalion. He died in France on 7 June 1917.

Letters of condolence from Captain E B B Towse, The Gordon Highlanders, 32 Stationary Hospital, Wimereux; George S Richmond, Chaplain of the 33rd Battalion; and Lieutenant-Colonel, Leslie James Morshead, (later Sir Leslie James Morshead), who served with the 2nd Batt at Gallipoli and as Commanding Officer of the 33rd Battalion on the Western Front. Also includes a newspaper clipping about Private Ellis.]
Principal Librarian
Mitchell Library
Sydney

[Page 255]
Letters in reference to
No 1114 Pte Arthur Raymond Ellis 33rd Batt. A.I.F. who died 7th June 1917 his Phot I sent to Mr Mark Blow, Crown Studios Sydney who will forward you a copy for the Archives of State
I have sent him all particulars relating to [indecipherable]
Mrs J Ellis
Hazeldene
Stannifer

[Page 256]
32 Stationary Hospital.
near Wimereux. B.E.F. France.
11 June. 1917.

Mrs J. Ellis.

Dear Madam,

You will already have heard the sad news that your Son, Private A. R. Ellis of the 33 Canadian Regt passed away in this Hospital on the 7 June. I had previously told you in my last letter that he was very dangerously ill.

If he left any Effects or Belongings in this Hospital, you will receive them in due course, but I fear that it will be some considerable time ere you do so, as these things have to go through the Proper Channels & there are very very many to be dealt with.

I am sending you herein a Photograph of the Wimereux Cemetery, where your Son is laid to Rest, as I am sure you would like to have it. On the Back I have marked the Number of your Sons Grave. Each Cross bears a Number, and also the Name & the Regiment of the Soldier.

In offering you my very deep and heartfelt sympathy in your very great trouble, May I be permitted at the same time to say, that although it is as yet far too early, the time will come when it will be some consolation to you to remember that your Son gave up his Life willingly & nobly for his Country, doing his Duty. He has given his All, and is now at Rest, and it is for those whom he has left behind, that our Thoughts and our Prayers are for. May God grant you comfort and strength to bear your loss

Yours truly
E. B. B. Towse. Captain
The Gordon Highlanders

[Indecipherable signature at foot of page.]

[Page 257]
33 Batt A.I.F.
France

Dear Mrs Ellis.

It is with sincerest Sympathy I write to you at this time when your heart is so filled with sorrow for the loss of him you held so dear your splendid son. Yet in your sorrow you must proudly sorrow when you realize how he fulfilled his part as a man, even to the laying down of his life for all he held so dear, his home & his country in the great Cause of the worlds freedom. Surely he has done all he could and followed the example of Our Master who has I trust received him

[Page 258]
to himself & will comfort you.

Your boy died on the 7th June, and was buried in Wimereaux Cemetry. I will have a photo taken of his grave & sent on to you

Yours in sincerest sympathy
Geo. S. Richmond
Chaplain

[Page 259]
France
June 28th 1917.

My dear Mr Ellis,

I have only today learned, through official channels of the death of your son, No 1114 Pte. Arthur Raymond Ellis, and I hasten to express my very sincere regret. Your son left us on May 12th I am informed that he died of Anaemia at the No 32 Stationary Hospital on June 7th. His body was buried in the Wimereux Cemetery.

Your son was always a most reliable soldier, and carried out his duties in a willing and cheerful manner. I can speak only in the highest terms of his character, & of his conduct during the whole time he was with the Battalion. We all mourn his death.

Officers, non-commissioned-officers & men all join me in offering you & your family most heartfelt sympathy in your sad bereavement.

Yours very sincerely,
Leslie J. Morshead.
Lieut-Colonel.

[Page 260]
Late Private Ellis
A Soldier’s Peaceful Ending

Mrs. J. Ellis, of Hazeldene, Stannifer, has received a number of touching letters regarding the death of her son, Private A. R. Ellis, who died in hospital at Boulogne, France, on June 7. The letters, while of priceless value to the stricken parents, are of more than ordinary interest to the mothers and fathers of soldier boys generally, inasmuch as they indicate how great is the measure of care and kindness meted out to our suffering sons in hospital.

Following are extracts from a letter written to Mrs. Ellis by Sister Jean Buckham, of the Base Hospital at Boulogne:–
"It is with the deepest sympathy for you that I write telling you that your dear boy passed away at this hospital this afternoon (June 7) at 4.30. He had been with us for the past three weeks and we were all very fond of him. He was a dear boy; he never gave us the slightest trouble, and only an hour or so before he died, when I had given him a little drink and he had only strength to whisper, he said, ‘Thank you, Nurse.’ I am sure it will be a comfort to you to know he had everything he wished for – everyone, nurses and orderlies, were only too eager to do anything for him. How he loathed champagne or brandy! Only this morning Lady Dudley got him some lovely chicken broth, which he seemed to enjoy and told her ‘It wasn’t bad.’ He had skilled physicians who did all for him that human power was able to do. The chaplain visited him each day. Yesterday I asked him if he had any message for you and he said he had written and told you he was in hospital. To have had such a son I am sure you are brave, and will bear this cross nobly. He will be buried just near us in the little cemetery which is just teeming with little white crosses. An Australian Sister is also buried there. Please accept our heartfelt sympathy."

[Page 261]
Chaplain Hugh P. Reid also wrote:–
"You have heard, of course, long before this letter can reach you of the death of your son in this hospital on the 7th June, and I write now to express my sincere sympathy with you in your bereavement. I indicated in my letter that there seemed to be an awkward complication in his trouble, and it became apparent soon after that he was very seriously ill. I attended him regularly every day; the day he died was an exceedingly warm one and he did not seem to have the strength to resist its fatigue. During one of our conversations I told him to put his trust in God and in Christ who died for sinners; his reply was: ‘It is all I can do now.’ We buried him in the soldiers’ cemetery here at Wimereux; I officiated at the funeral, and a contingent from the hospital paid the last token of respect to a departed soldier, and ‘The Last Post’ was sounded over his grave. The number of the grave is 1692. Permit me again to offer you and yours my sincere condolence in your great loss; he gave his life for his country in the sacred cause of righteousness and truth; and he has entered into his reward. May the God of all grace comfort and sustain you all."

Private Ellis enlisted in December, 1915, and sailed in the following May with the "Kurrajongs," being then a little over 18 years of age. On the way across, he was left at Capetown suffering from acute pneumonia, but he later joined his battalion and left England for France in November, 1916. After serving in the trenches for six months he was admitted to hospital on May 20. Pte. Ellis, though a mere lad in years, was a manly type of young fellow, and was a general favourite with those to whom he was known.

[Page 262]
"Lansdowne"
North Star
via Warialda

Dear Mr & Mrs Ellis,

It is just twelve months today since poor Arthur died so I am writing in hopes that it may be some small comfort to you both to know that we have not forgotten him

His name often crops up and he is always spoken of with respect & in the kindliest manner.

We sincerely hope that you have been given strength & courage to bear your heavy loss

He was a general favourite out here and a grand mate to work with and we miss him too so we can imagine how hard it is for you so at any rate I am trying to help you bear your loss by letting you know the high esteem in which he was held out here

With Best wishes & kindest regards
I remain
Yours sincerely
G.E.W. Peate

[Page 263]
[Staff-Sergeant Henry Percy Evans, No 1413, a machinery agent from Lewisham, NSW, joined the Army on 24 September 1914 at age 44, and embarked from Melbourne, Victoria, on HMAT A40 Ceramic on 22 December 1914. He ran the Anzac Press which published digger magazines including "Aussie" for the AIF Printing Section, Headquarters, France. He returned to Australia on 15 April 1918.

A letter from Evans to his friend Sergeant William (Bill) Mitchell, of the AIF Printing Section, who succeeded him as Editor.

Also includes a copy of the advertisement requesting "original letters written by Australian soldiers" for the permanent collection of the Mitchell Library, Sydney, NSW, and a letter testifying to Sergeant Evans’ service written by Major-General C B B White.]
[Envelope]
Evans, H P.

W. H. Ilfould Esq
Principal Librarian & Secretary
Public Library of N.S.W.
Sydney.
Australia

[Signed:] J Hamilton

[Page 264]
[Newspaper advertisement soliciting letters for the collection of the Mitchell Library.]
Letters from the Front
The Trustees of the Mitchell Library. Sydney, will be pleased to accept for Permanent Preservation in the National Archives original letters written by Australian soldiers giving particulars of their life in the trenches, engagements, treatment in hospital, &c. ommunications may be addressed to the Mitchell Librarian.
W. H. Ifould.
Principal Librarian and Secretary,
Public Library of New South Wales.

[Page 265]
In the Field
France
7 Feby ‘16

W. H. Ifould Esq.
Sydney.

Dear Sir
Noticing the attached advertisement in a newspaper sent me from Sydney I thought that possibly you might like to have copies of the regimental paper published by the Australian Ammunition Parks on this Front:

If so I shall be pleased to send you

[Page 266]
as complete a file as possible.

Meanwhile I am enclosing copies of our first and last issues.

My address is Driver H.P. Evans 5th Corps ammunition Parks, British Expeditionary Force France.
Yours ffly
H.P. Evans.

I might say that I would deem it a privilege to be instrumental in promoting the interest of your library, which has been of great assistance to me in the past

[Page 267]
[Typed copy of a letter.]
Copy of letter sent by Mr. H. P. Evans (late A.I.F.) to his friend who succeeded him as Editor of the "Kookaburra" &c. Serg. W. Mitchell, A.I.F.Printing Section, Australian Corps, A.I.F., France.

Argyle Avenue, Ryde,
Sydney.
14 Sept. 1918.

Dear Bill,

I hear you are now settled somewhere a long way back of the line. Good biz say I: You will now have all the good things but I don’t envy you all the same.

I’m sorry I hadn’t an opportunity of calling on your people in Melbourne. I expected a good time there, but I may have that opportunity at a later date.

Would you mind posting me the matrices of the stereo of the "Kookaburra". You will find them in my (or rather your) drawer. And there is another thing I would like you to do. Instead of destroying copy of any papers etc. that you may be printing do it up in a packet and post it to the Principal Librarian, Public Library, Sydney. I mean the original manuscript, especially of regimental papers etc. If there is any difficulty posting it from France give it to one of the boys going on leave. I have promised to do this for the Public Library, and I know you will do your utmost to preserve these papers for me.

I am at present on the North of N.S.W. having a look round, and i will write you a little later about my experiences.

The Colonel will probably ask you to make up a parcel of printed matter for the Principal Librarian as I understand the latter has written for same. Make it as complete as possible, and especially include Corps Routine Orders from the time the alterations were made in their size showing saving of paper. Also include in parcel original typewritten orders if you have any. No necessity to tell the Colonel I have written you as he may think I am interfering.

Give my regards to the boyds including Vin, Pip, Yank, Wells. Tell Pip I will write him as I want some of his original paintings.

Cheerio,
H. P. Evans.

[Page 268]
[On "Y.M.C.A. With the Australian Imperial Forces" letterhead]
Copy. Commonwealth of Australia
Dept of Defence
10 Octr. ‘19

Dear Sergt. Evans.

I am very glad to be able to testify to your services to the Australian Corps in France

War forces us to various methods to meet its exacting needs. It sounds incongruous that printing in the field should be a war requirement. But it is not generally realised that great organizations depend for their efficiency upon previously thought out plans and detailed instructions thereon

The little Anzac Press which you "ran" for the Corps in France furnished me with a means for meeting requirements and did its work most efficiently. The work it performed was truly wonderful. I know

[Page 269]
that a great deal of its efficiency was due to the devotion to duty which you showed in its management. I knew that you were not a printer by trade but in the resource & ingenuity you displayed you certainly showed a talent for that class of work.

The result of your work redounds greatly to your credit and I hope that your future in Australia will give you an opportunity for displaying in peace time an equal capacity and efficiency

(Sgd) Yours truly
C. B. B. White
Major General.

[Page 270]
[Letters and photographs sent by brothers Charles Allen, Ernest James, and Francis Walter Bertie Firth to their mother Mrs P Firth of Pilliga, NSW. Includes a letter of condolence on the death of Ernest Firth from Major J M Lean, Officer in Charge, Base Records.

Trooper Charles Allen (Charlie) Firth, regimental number 13/11263, a shearer from Otapere, New Zealand, but originally from Pilliga, NSW, enlisted in the New Zealand Army on 13 January 1916 at age 27, and embarked from Wellington, New Zealand, on the Ulimaroa on 1 May 1916. He served with NZ forces, D Coy. 12th Reinforcements in Egypt and returned to New Zealand on 24 December 1917.

Ernest James (Ernie) Firth, No 1696, labourer of Pilliga, NSW, enlisted in the Australian Army on 10 August 1915 at age 23, and embarked from Sydney on SS Hawkes Bay on 23 October 1915 with the 1st Light Horse Regiment, 11th Reinforcement. He served in Egypt and Palestine and was killed in action in Palestine on 3 November 1917.

Francis Walter Bertie Firth, No 1162, shearer of Pilliga, NSW, enlisted in the Australian Army on 24 February 1915 at age 27, and embarked from Brisbane, Queensland, on HMAT A55 Kyarra on 16 August 1915 with the 2nd Light Horse Regiment, 8th Reinforcement. He served in Egypt and France and returned to Australia on 11 May 1919.]
[On His Majesty’s Service.]
Soldier’s Letters – Firth – C.A
[Firth] E. J
[Firth] F. W.

[Page 271]
[Envelope with printed identification: The Salvation Army Institute; N. Z. Expeditionary Force, Featherston, N. Z.]
Mrs. P. Firth
Pilliga P.O.
New South Wales

[Page 272]
[Group photograph.]

[Page 273]
[Reverse of photograph.]
C. A. Firth, N.Z.R.
D. Coy. 12th Reinfts.

[Page 274]
[Photograph of a Soldier mounted on a horse.]

[Page 275]
Auckland
G P O May 15

Dear Mother

just a line to let you know that I ham well I got my Pastport and I got no money to get my ticket for I cannot get eny and I not strong enoff to work and only for a frind I dont know whot I wood do I Cable you to send my fear but you or Berny never did eny think in the mater so I dont know whot to do so I ham wire you again and I know no one in N Z so See what you can do
well mother I ham fealing a lot better now and I hope you are well and tell and tell dad and May I will soon be home I ham having a ruff time now I think I have to you all I can so I will ring off
I remain your loving sun
C A Firth

[Page 276]
what we didint killed a lot of our boys were knocked out well mother I ham sending you sum Photo of is on the desert I wood like to get back again to the old home and see all my old mates
Dear Mother how is Dad and May I hope they are all well rembr me to all
I remain your
loving sun
Trooper C A Firth

[Page 277]
& film

Egyept
March3/1917

My Dear Mother

Just a line to let you know that I ham well and I recived your kind and welkom letter the other day and was glad to heir from I never got your Sydney mail yet that you were send me with our Poto in
I not seen Steave for about 6 weeks but he will be up to us in a few days now as they have been back for a spell we are expecting a big fight in a few days

[Page 278]
I got a letter from Berney the other day I han writing to him to day rembr me to all and tell them I ham well and dont forget to write as I only get a letter about every 2 month I recived 1 letter since new year so you can see how meny lettrs I ham getting from home I think I have told you all the news I remain your loving sun
Trooper C A Firth
13/11263

[Page 279]
The desert
21st Nov 1916

My dear Mother,
I cannot make out how it is I am not recieving any of your letters lately as I am sure you are sending them. They seem to reach Bert alright as I recieved a letter from him yesterday saying he gets his regularly enough. The only thing I can think of is that they are going to some other Firth in the light horse some where.
Recieved a letter from Paddy Mal[indecipherable] same mail as Berts
Bert says he is O K and has been in the trenches for some time Have not heard from Charlie for a week or so He is only about 15 miles from here. I sent him a letter a few days ago and am expecting a reply any time now Seen some of his mates and gave them the letter They said he was well at the time .

Well mother we are still in this sandy hole but have been having a fairly peaceful time lately

[Page 280]
The last letter I wrote you was from Kantara on the Canal But we are a good few miles from there now. Back out on the desert again and doing the same old work patrolling etc. We have no tents now but live in blanket shelters It would be rather amusing for you to see them the way they are built But they serve very well to keep the dew off at night as it falls very heavy now and is much colder
We had a shower on our way out Seemed strange to see it rain in this country.
Well dear mother I hope you have had a very happy Xmas. I suppose we will all be home by next and every thing as of old. I will conclude now hoping to hear from you soon and trust this letter will find you and father and all at home enjoying the best of health and a prosperous New Year.

I am as ever
Your loving son
Ernie

[Page 281]
[Address side of a Field Service Post Card postmarked 17 May 1916.]
Mrs P. Firth
Pilliga
via Narrabri
N. S Wales
Australia

[Page 282]
[Message side of a Field Service Post Card with printed messages to be crossed out as appropriate. Message reads:]
I am quite well.
I have received your letter dated 17/3/16
[I have received your parcel [dated] 17/3/16
Letter follows at first opportunity.
I have received no letter from you lately

[Signature only.] E. J. Firth
[Date] 15/5/16

[Page 283]
front line. We have been here about a fortnight and taking it all round we are not having a bad time Seemed strange to see the difference in the places on our way back. In a place where we had some of our heaviest fighting we had the pleasure of seeing a picture show in the Y.M.C.A. which of course we very much appreciated as its some time since I seen one I heard from Bert before we came here He was in hospital in France at time of writing

[Page 284]
Have had two big goes with Abdul in the last two months And as I suppose you already he came off second best in both. I am sending a couple few of photos that Charlie gave me I will tell you what they are on their backs
Well mother I will close now. Hoping to hear from you soon. Best love to all at home
I am as ever
your loving son
Ernie

[Page 285]
[On letterhead of the Australian Imperial Force, Base Records Office, Victoria Barracks, Melbourne]
EHH
14th May 1918
459

Dear Madam,

With reference to the report of the regrettable loss of your son, the late No. 1696, Private E. J. Firth, 1st Light Horse Regiment, I am now in receipt of advice which shows that he was killed in action, in Tel Khuweilfeh, Palestine, Turkey, Asia, on 3rd November 1917, and was buried the following day at Military Cemetery, Beersheba , Palestine, Grave No.66, Chaplain P. J. Donovan officiating.

These additional details are furnished by direction, it being the policy of the Department, to forward all information received in connection with the death of members of the Australian Imperial Force.

Yours faithfully,
J M Lean Major
Officer i/c Base Records.

Mrs. K. Firth,
Pilliga.
N.S.W.

[Page 286]
Somewhere in France
Easter Sunday 8/4/17

Dear Mater

Just a few lines to let you know that I am still in the land of the living I have not had any letters from you for some time I had a couple of letters from Queensland last mail. We are gitting lovely wether here now today is quite warm, but we have sharp frosts at night. It is about time the Winter was over. I would not like to be here for another the coldest place on earth
I have not heard from Steave for some time had a couple of letters from the Regiment in Egypt yesterday my mate their was saying he had not saw steave for some time. The last letter I had from home was from May. Mater Ithink Ihave told you all the news trusting you are well has this leaves me in the pink of condition remember me to all my old pals
your affectionate
son F W Firth

[Page 287]
Somewhere in France
29th 11/17

Dear Mater

Your ever welcome letters last week and glad to hear from you . I also recieved that parcel of socks from Ida Kelly thank her for me I will drop her a line tonight
We have been very busy shifting camp this last week so you must excuse me for writing last week. We are having very cold wether over here now, had a few drops of snow here today. The country look nice and green around here we are out having a spell here dont know how long we will stay here.
I have not had a reply from you about that cable some few weeks ago I cabled to you to cable fifteen pounds to the Commonwealth Bank London should be away on leave again shortly
I have not heard from Steave or Charles for some considerable time. I had a letter from a pal of mine in Egypt he said he saw Steave and he was well
Well Ma I must conclude news is scarce Trusting you and Dad and May is well has this leaves me in the pink of condition so love and kisses your affectionate son
F W Firth
I recieved a letter today dated 7 Oct 17 glad you are well Bert
Also Peggy letter to you

[Page 288]
Somewhere in France
13/12/17

Dear Mater
Just a few lines to let you know that I am still in the land of the living I wrote to you last week also Miss Kelly thanking her for those socks she sent me
we are having beastly cold and wet wether over here now. Tomorrow is my birthday I cant keep it up has we are out of civilization just now will keep it up at Xmas Day
Ma I will soon be away on furlough again I cabled to you to send me some

[Page 289]
money to London I have not heard anything about it I shall write to the Commonwealth Bank London to find out if they heard anything about it.
I had a letter from Peggy last week she is engaged to some one good luck to her tell Miss Kelly she will have to wait until I git back for me
I have not heard from Steave for some time really mother I dont know where my letters from you are going I dont git many are you sure you put this address on them
1162 F. W. Firth 4th A.A.S.P
this address will find anywhere in France
I find I must conclude has news is scarce trusting you are well and Happy has thiss leaves me in the pink of condition
your loving
son F. W. Firth

[Page 290]
1st B.M.T.D 14th/4/.19
Sunday

My Dear Mother

Just a few lines to let you know that I am back again in France I had an enjoyable three months spell in England after my wound in the wrist I am O.K now. I recieved letters from you dated January 9 and none since then my letters must be going astray I am at our Base details Rouen am expecting to join my own unit any day now you had better keep writing to my address in England and I will be sure to git them,
We have been having delightful wether over this side of the World but today has been a bit cold. I went to a quaint old Villiage church this a m it reminded me of the last time I was in church with you dear Xmas morning 1913 in Narrabri Things has changed a lot since then
I have had a few letters from May

[Page 292]
[Thomas John Fletcher, No 413, labourer of Bingara, NSW, enlisted on 28 January 1916 at age 22, and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A74 Marathon on 4 May 1916 with the 33rd Battalion. He served in France and Belgium where he was killed in action at the Battle of Messines on 8 June 1917.

Letters of condolence, including one from Lieutenant-Colonel Leslie James Morshead (later Sir Leslie James Morshead), who served with the 2nd Batt at Gallipoli and as Commanding Officer of the 33rd Battalion on the Western Front.]
[Envelope]
To
The Principal Librarian.
The Mitchell Library.
Macquarie Street.
Sydney.

[Page 293]
Vinoga
2-12-18

Mitchell Library
Maqurie St
Sydney

Dear Sir

please find enclosed two letters regarding my son Thomas, I cannot find the other letters, just now but may find them later on and will forward them on

yrs faithfully
Mrs j Fletcher
Vinoga

Ackd 5/12/18

4. Dec. 18
no such town in Postal Guide – must be name of estate at Barraba as did not write letter.D.H.

[Page 294]
Somewhere In France
17/6/17

To Mrs Fletcher

Dear Madam

Just a few lines solely to express to you my very deepest sympathy for the loss of your grand little Soldier Son. Not only a pall of mine , but loved by all who knew him, Tom and I spent many wearey hour together on the fire step, And his smiling face and usual humour turned a snowy night into sunshine, In losing your son we lost a thorough soldier, plenty of spirit, and all the determination of a true Britisher, Like others he made the supreme sacrifice, But not untill our Battalion had gained a splendid victory in a glorious battle, Another consoling feature was that he suffered no pain, being killed by an exploding shell, I have been asked by several of the Bingara boys to convey on thier behalf the same message to yourself and all other relatives and friends, Those boys in particular were greatly moved by the loss of one who had been their lifelong Comrade,
So now dear Madam I must conclude

[Page 295]
wishing you a speedy recovery from the sad news, And I sincerly hope that you will find consolation in the fact that your boy died for the glorious cause And died happily I am sure

Therefore I remain
Your Late son,s Pall
Pte Kirwin

[The following postscripts and note crossed through:]
P.S. I will drop a few lines to Miss A. F. at the first opportunity

P.S. Mr Veness you can please send out 4 Bingara papers with this copy in
Mrs J Fletcher
Vinoga

return letters please Mr Veness when finished

[Page 296]
France,
June 28th 1917.

My Dear Mrs. Fletcher,

It is with feelings of very deep regret that I write to you of the death of your gallant son No. 413 Pte. T. J. Fletcher. He was killed in the battle of Messines on June 8th.

I deeply deplore the death of so excellent a soldier. During the battle he distinguished himself by his courage, coolness & determination. At all times he was reliable and hardworking, & he was always cheerful and ready in the performance of every duty. He won the affection and esteem of his officers & comrades: we all mourn the loss of such a splendid man.

Officers, non-commissioned-officers & men all join me in offering you and your family most heartfelt sympathy in this your great bereavement.

Yours very sincerely,
Leslie J. Morshead.
Lieut.-Colonel.

[Page 297]
[Sergeant George Murdy Flynn, a police constable of Redfern, NSW, joined the Army on 24 August 1914 aged 29, and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A14 Euripides on 20 October 1914 with the 1st Field Ambulance. He served at Gallipoli and later in France. He returned to Australia on 4 December 1918.

Includes a humorous postcard entitled "A close shave".]
This letter is for yourself

France 29/10/16

[Jan 22 Rec’d]
Mr. Harris
Dear Sir,

Just a few lines in answer to your welcome letter of Sept 7th just to hand also a parcel containing 26 pks of Three Castles Cigarettes, and papers galore I say Sgt. dont you think its nice to have a fairy Godmother, like Mrs Avery & Miss Judd at home, Its awfully kind of Both of them, I had a letter from each of them this mail, they said they were sending a parcel for Xmas. So the receipt enclosed in your letter must be another parcel altogether

The two men Geo Maitland & John Hobart havent arrived at this unit yet, and Nye & Rodgers I dont think they will get to the 1st again, We are having a very rough time now, It rains every day and its very cold, with mud knee deep everywhere, Cant keep the feet warm at any price, I will look

[Written vertically in the left-hand margin:]
don. Harris, 1921

[Page 298]
after the parcels which come here for those who are not present.
I havent had any leave yet, there is such a small percentage going it takes a long while to get through, But it might come some time,

I didnt get the parcel yet but will write as soon as it arrives, And I ask you to accept my heartiest thanks for the valuable connection with our kind friends Mrs Avery & Miss Judd I will write them this mail.

So I will ring off this time with Kindest regards to yourself and Mrs Harris & Family
I remain
Yours Sincerely
Sgt. G. M. Flynn
Best wishes to yourself & Family for a Merry Xmas and a Happy New Year from
G.M.F

[Page 299]
[Post Card, showing a cartoon reproduced from the BAT Bulletin, entitled "A close shave". See image for details.]
[Jan 22 Rec’d]
W. J. Harris Esq.,
No. 3 Police,
Darlinghurst, Australia.

[Page 300]
[Reverse of the postcard on the previous page.]
[Typed message: Many thanks for parcel of smokes received.]
29/10/16

Muchly appreciated.
Dear Comrades accept my heartiest thanks for your everlasting kindness towards me during my absence
I am in excellent health, hoping all my comrades are similar
Kindest regards & best wishes to all from, Your Comrade. Sgt. G. M. Flynn

[Page 301]
Recd. 17/2/17

Dear Sgt
I received the box you sent from Mrs Avery and it was very acceptable, and choice, everything came in useful, You havent changed much according to your photo in splashes, They seem to be talking of peace over here, I hope the get it, and the right kind while they are at it , winter here is no good,

[Page 302]
[Gunner Joseph (Joe) Garbutt, No 1879, a fitter with the railways, from Moss Vale, NSW, enlisted on 3 December 1915 at age 26, and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A60 Aeneas on 20 December 1915 with the 1st Light Horse Regiment, 13th Reinforcement. He served in Egypt, and on the Western Front with the 10th Field Artillery Brigade. He died of wounds in Belgium on 1 October 1917.

Letters of condolence from the Red Cross, comrades and friends of the family.]
[Envelope]
Particulars re Private J. J. Garbutt.
Received 27.11.18.
Letter sent to Mr. Garbutt (father) in acknowledgment.
C.R. 5.12.18

To The principal Librarian
Mitchell library
Macquarie Street
Sydney

Recd 27 Nov

[Page 303]
[On letterhead of the Red Cross Society, Moss Vale Branch.]
6th. Feby: 1918.

Dear Mr.Garbutt,

I received the enclosed letter to day and send it on to you with pleasure. I am sure you will be grateful for the further evidence of the esteem in which your son was held by those who were associated with him at the last.

With best wishes, Yours sincerely
Ernest E Row

[Page 304]
[On letterhead of the Information Bureau, Red Cross Society, Sydney.]
4th Febry, 1918

No.1879 – Private J. Joseph Garbutt – 23rd Field Artillery Brigade

Dear Sir,
We send you the following copies of two letters which our Agents have sent to us, and which we thought you might like to see:–

1. "Garbutt was badly wounded at our second position. He was in a dug-out by himself, when a shell blew it in, and one of the cupolas came down on him. The fellows soon got him out, and we sent him away to the Clearing Station, but we heard he died of his wounds there. He was very game, a splendid fitter too, and will be a great loss to the Battery."
Extract letter from;– Lieut. C. H. Rowan,
110 Howitzer Battery, A.F.F.A.
dated 1.11/17.

London, 6.12.17.

2. "Gunner Garbutt died from severe wounds on 1.10.17. and was buried at Lijssenthoek Cemetery, Plot 20. No .C 6a.2.10.17. Officiating Chaplain Chaplain Captain Rev. Clark".
Extract from letter from;–
Officer-in-Command
No.10 Casualty Clearing Station,
11.11.17.

London, 20.11.17

Yours faithfully,
[Signed:] H M Stephen

E. E. Row, Esq,
Commercial Bank of Sydney,
Moss Vale.

[Page 305]
[On letterhead of the Information Bureau, Red Cross Society, Sydney.]
9th April, 1918.

No. 1879, Private J. Garbutt – 23rd Field Artillery Brigade

Dear Sir,

We send you the following copy of a report, which our Agents in London have sent to us, consisting of a statement made to them by the soldier whose name appears at the foot of the report;–

"Garbutt was Gunner in 110th Howitzer Battery and was wounded by a shell at Ypres Sector at the gun pit position just near Burr Cross Roads.
I helped to dig him out of the pit and he was carried to the dressing station about 100 yards away and we heard he had died there."

Informant; – Swan (Fitter) J.H. No. 25670,
110 Howitzer Battery,
18 Hut, Westham.
16.1.18.

"London, 28.1.18.

Yours faithfully,
[Signed:] CSW Rutherford

E.E. Row, Esq.,
Commercial Bank of Sydney,
Moss Vale.

[Page 306]
Dolobran
Moss Vale
20th June, 1918

Dear Mr Garbutt.

I have not yet had time to learn from my son, but the 110th Comforts Fund got in touch with Lieut Lillyman & he writes –

" Re Fitter J. Garbutt, sorry I cannot give you fuller particulars other than I heard from some of my boys while in London that he either was killed accidentally during construction of a gun pit or by shell fire. At this time the battery was in the vicinity of Menin Road. If possible you can rest assured that his resting place is bearing his name & up to time of our retirement would have been well cared for. His position would be hard to fill. He took a great interest in his work, the result being that he was trusted with mechanism & working of the six guns.

I have known him in many instances during bombardment to be seen standing by the guns so as to attend to any defects, thereby saving the least delay in firing, when really his proper place should have been endeavouring to rest until he should be sent for. He was in my section".

[Lieutenant Norman Joseph Lillyman, 10th Field Artillery Brigade.]
I am glad to have been able to find out even this much for you, you must be filled with pride at his bravery. Yours sincerely,
Mary Lloyd

[Page 307]
July 18th 1918.

Dear Mr Garbutt

I have been able to get farther particulars from the 110th Comforts Fund about your son.

Mrs Tower writes:– " From Fitter Shaw who left the 110th Battery on Oct 15th 1917 tells me the following particulars of "Joe Garbutt" – He was killed one afternoon in Sept – after lunch – say between 2 & 3. p.m. A shell came & blew up the dug-out he was resting in – They were not in action then – He was alone at the time resting – Some one called out "Joe Garbutt is wounded" – The boys went & dug him out – it took 3 or 4 minutes – & carried him over to a dressing station about 500 yards away – He was very jolly – only said both legs were broken & we could see they were very much mutilated. All the boys got round to say Good Bye as he was carried away by 4 battery boys on a stretcher & he said he would soon be back with us again (we knew he would’nt be ) & in two or three days we heard he was dead – His face was untouched or unwounded – Fitter Shaw was much

[Page 308]
affected when he told me & seems a reliable straight lad. His address is Fitter J. H. Shaw Grendon. Waterview Street. Ryde."

I think by next mail I ought to hear from my son whether he knew your Joe & every little piece of news one gets is a comfort

Yours sincerely
Mary Lloyd –

[Page 309]
Grendon
Waterview St
Ryde
5.8.1918

Dear Mr. Garbutt

I received your letter dated 30..7..18 re – your son Joe who was in 110th Howitzer Battery Well Mr Garbutt you ask me did I know wether he died un the operation

Well Mr Garbutt after he was wounded he was carried straight away to the dressing station and that was the last we saw of him till two or three days time and word came through that he had died. So I cannot say wither he died through the Amputation or not wether it was before.

Yes Mr Garbutt he was quite Concious when he was carried

[Page 310]
away We could all see he was wounded badly but did not think it was as serious as it turned out to be

And as you ask me did he have any message. Well that I could not say there were so many around him and it is that long time ago I really do not know.

I might mention Joe was a great favourite amongst the Battery boys he was always doing something for some of the boys and his death was sad news to all the boys

I have worked with Joe in four or five different Ordenances repairing guns and found him one of the best

We Mr Garbutt I cannot think of any more news about him you
J. H. Shaw

[Page 311]
have heard from Mrs Lloyd about all I know

I was wounded on Oct 15th 1917 and am not to well yet I received my discharge last Friday and am a free man again trusting you are well
from Yours Sincerely
J H Shaw.

[Driver Joseph Harold Toon Shaw, No 25670, 10th Field Artillery Brigade.]

[Page 312]
Dolobran.
Moss vale.
August 22nd 1918

Dear Mr. Garbutt

I have a letter from my boy in answer to mine asking about your son: he says –
"I am glad you asked me about Joe Garbutt. I was not at the Pitt at the time he was hit, but knew him slightly. He was a fitter and was wounded a couple of days after me at Bullecourt & was in Blighty for some months. He rejoined the battery during the Ypres stunt & a few days after he went up to the guns his dug out was knocked in breaking both his legs badly. He died the next day at the clearing station from his injuries and shock. I have asked one of his friends to write to his father & I expect he will do so, but just in case he should not you might let him know what I have told you. The place which you mention where you say he was buried is in Belgium, somewhere near Poperinge, as the clearing station at which he died was near there. Garbutt was a fine chap much liked by all the boys & the best fitter we have yet had in the battery"

I am very glad I have been able to find out

[Page 313]
something for you. Your son must have been a very fine and clever man and you must be very proud that he was held in such high esteem.

Yours sincerely
Mary Lloyd

P.S. I wonder if your son has any more honey if so I should like a 30 lb. tin

3rd Letter

[Page 314]
[2nd Lieutenant, later Major, Terence Ward Garling, a clerk of Longueville, NSW, joined the Army on 20 August 1914 aged 20, and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A8 Argyllshire on 18 October 1914 with the Australian Field Artillery, Divisional Ammunition Column Section 1. He served at Gallipoli and in Egypt and France. He died of wounds on 5 April 1918.

Includes letters home and a short biography written by his father, William Mylam Nicholas Garling.]
[Envelope]
Letter from the front
Mr. Garling wants a typed copy of this letter
W H I
P.L
16/11/15

Mr Ifould
Public Librarian
Bent Street
City

From M N Garling
Longueville

from
Lieut. T.W.Garling -

[Page 315]
Lieut. Terence Ward Garling – youngest so of W. M. N. and Marie Garling. Born 15th February 1894 at "The Monastery" Kurraba Road Neutral Bay North Sydney.
a great grandson of Frederick Garling Judge Advocate of the Colony (N.S.W.) in 1816 – Commenced his military career when 16 years old – joining the mounted Scouts attached to St. George’s English Rifles – on the disbandment of the Scouts he was transferred to the ranks of the regiment (Infantry) and at 17 was made a Corporal – in D company –
On the Defence Act – coming into force he had – under its provisions to register and Enrol in the Cadet Corps of the Commonwealth and after passing his Examination he obtained his Commission as 2nd Lieut – gazetted 30th June 1912 – at 18 by the Regulation of the Defence Act he had to transfer to the Citizens Army and then applied for a Commission in the Australian Field Artillery which he obtained dating from 1st August 1914. War with Germany being declared a few days afterwards

[Page 316]
the Battery in which he was serving (the ?44th) Major Rosenthal O.C. was the first to volunteer for service abroad – There was an uncertainty about Junior Officers being allowed to go so he accepted an appointment on his rank in the Divisional Ammunition Column attached to the Artillery and left Sydney on 18th Oct 1914 on active Service – the transports conveying troops from the Commonwealth States and from New Zealand redezvous’d at Fremantle Western Australia whence they were conveyed to Egypt for final training before proceeding to the front at the Dardenelles where the Turks – allies of Germany were resisting the forcing of the Straits by the British and the French – Here he was transferred from the Divisional Ammunition Column to a Battery of the Field Artillery taking up duty on 1st June 1915 – filling the place of an officer who had been wounded. In this position he fought with the guns through various actions getting promotion to 1st Lieut on 6th July – In October following he was given command of the first anti aircraft gun landed on Gallipoli peninsula
W M N Garling

[Added in pencil:]
10/12/15
W. M. N. Garling Father

[Page 317]
Memo: Explanatory of letter written at Mudros West – Rest camp - 20 Sept/15 –
The artillery (as well as other arms of the Service) had been through a strenuous time – and had recently been in great deal of action – Since the battle of Sari Bair 6th/7th August, matters had become quieter and advantage was taken to give some of the troops a spell and rest – thus a detachment of Artillery went to Limnos Island where they rested for three weeks, returning to the front at Gallipoli Peninsula on 6th Oct/15

Note. Will contrbute letters from Lieut Eric Lenehan – Artillery – Brigade Ammunition Column now in Sydney ill – and [Driver] R. Wise – Army Service Corps – who was wounded and returned to Sydney – Since discharged being found unfit for further service –

Wish to have my letter typed before depositing in Library – intending to furnish another letter later on –
over

[Page 318]
Convoy comprised
H.M.S "Minatour"
H.M.A.S. "Sydney"
[H.M.A.S.] "Melbourne"
[H.M.A.S.] "Pioneer"
Japanese Battle cruiser "Ibouki"

[Page 319]
[Envelope]
On active service

[Signed:] Y G Lloyd

W.M.N. Garling Esq
Burns Bay Road
Longueville
Sydney
New South Wales
Australia

Received 1st Nov/15
[The following crossed through:]
Envelope of X letter in respect of war card mislaid
both received same date as this 1/11/15
X herein
afterwards found

[Page 320]
Mudros West (Rest Camp)
Lemnos Island
28th Septr 1915

My dear Father & Mother,

After an uneventful voyage we arrived here last Wednesday afternoon and are at present enjoying a very welcome spell.
We left the Battery about 8 o’clock on Tuesday night and were transported by lighters on board the Khedivial Mail Line S.S. "Osmanieh". It was a most novel experience to sleep in a bunk again between sheets. Leaving at 8 a.m. Wednesday morning, we had a very pleasant run down through the Islands bringing up in Lemnos Harbour (Mudros) about 4 hours later.
We left the ship at 4 p.m. and after a march of 2 ½ miles found our camp on a hillside overlooking the Harbour. An advance party had been sent on and they had tents erected and a jolly good feed waiting for us. We were dog tired and turned in immediately after tea, and the music of the rifles was not needed to put us off to sleep. There are 6 officers and about 150 men here from the two Artillery Brigades.

[Page 321]
Duties are very light the main object of the camp being to give the men a thorough rest. There is a plentiful and good ration of fresh meat & vegetables and the men can always secure plenty of stores of the transports lying in Harbour.

I went over & saw Ken on Thursday afternoon. No 3 General Hospital is just over the Bay from our camp. He is looking very well indeed and is very comfortably fitted up now. I suppose you heard he is now a Major. He gave me news about Reg’s wound. He (Reg) was temporarily transferred to the 6th Battery at Cape Helles, and was wounded there by Shrapnel through the leg. Ken had just had a letter from him from Alexandria and he was going on well.

Excuse this short note. I will write fully by mail leaving here 25th. Intend going over to Castro, the Capital before then for a day.

Fondest love to yourselves & Pat
from your loving Son
Terence

[Page 322]
[Private, later Lance-Corporal, Kevin D’Arcy Goldrick, a cable operator of Potts Point, NSW, enlisted on 25 January 1916 at age 23, and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A14 Euripides on 9 September 1916 with the 17th Infantry Battalion, 15th Reinforcement. He served in the Pacific and in France, and was wounded and captured at Bapaume in April 1916, being interned in Dulmen Prisoner of War Camp. He was repatriated to England at the end of the war and returned to Australia on 2 March 1919.

Typed letter written from Fanning Island in the Central Pacific, an important telephone cable relay station, describing the attack by the German cruiser Nurnberg in September 1914. Typographical errors have been corrected.]
Copy.

Fanning Island,
September 20th, 1914.

Dearest Mother,

The Germans have come and gone and so far we are all alive and well. I suppose you have been expecting all sorts of frightful things, and there can be no doubt that we, personally, got off very lightly. We have been taking boat watch, day and night, ever since they left, but no relief to date. It is just a fortnight now since they came, and this continual waiting is getting on everyone’s nerves.

However, here goes for an account of the "Nuremberg" raid. The Germans came on the 7th, Monday. I had been on night duty, off at 5am. We had several messages from Honolulu saying the "Nuremberg" was coaling there, also the "Leipsic", and on that account a native had been doing night watch for a fortnight previously. Well on the morning of the 7th, he called Smith, the Superintendent, at 4am, and we advised North and South that a large steamer was approaching. Three of us off at 5am, walked down to the wharf but the native said she had gone round past South Point. We put her down as a tramp and turned in.

I awoke at six and strolled down again just in time to see a big three funnel cruiser tearing up from South Point. At that time it was very light; Smith, two engineers, cook, handyman, and I were the only ones on the wharf. As the cruiser got nearer we saw a French Flag at the peak, so we hoisted a "Jack" on the staff. Smith sent me round to the houses to let them know it was a Frenchman, and when I got back the cruiser had pulled up at the buoy and lowered

[Page 323]
a boat. When within a few hundred yards of the shore we saw it was full of armed sailors, and a machine gun in the bows. Then I think everyone saw the trap although nobody said anything; still only six of us down there. The sailors jumped out into the surf, and in the twinkling of an eye we were covered with automatic revolvers and an officer said ""Hands up", you are my prisoners".

Events happened in record time then. In a few minutes the engine had been made useless and a cordon surrounded all the buildings. The men asleep had been awakened by the crashing of the accumulators and got up to see what the noise was.. The first thing they saw was a rifle and "Hands up".

We were all down on the wharf then surrounded by the Germans. The men on duty just had time to give the tip to Suva and Bamfield. "It’s the "Nuremberg", they are firing....." before an officer and some men rushed in and they were prisoners. All this occupied about six minutes, and we were all prisoners now. Then the axes got busy, and in a few seconds the office and the batteries were a tangled mess.

Another boat had now put another party ashore, and we were allowed to move about a little, although the machine gun on the beach was not very comfortable looking. The next thing to go was the engine room; they had previously stopped the engine by firing into it, but now made preparations to blow it up. We were warned to move some distance away and then came two tremendous explosions. The roof was shattered, all the walls cracked and the engine shattered beyond all hope. The oil from the motor had also caught afire but soon fizzled out; gun-cotton was used I think. The shore ends of the cables were treated

[Page 324]
the same way, two huge columns of water, sand, fish, coral, etc shot up to fully eighty to ninety feet and when that lot had settled the ends were like chewed string. The flag staff was cut down and sawn into small pieces.

We had quite a little excitement just now. Smoke was seen round North Point and presently a fair sized tramp appeared. She got all our sympathy for we put her down as some poor unsuspecting beggar; but it turned out to be a collier which was accompanying the German. The landing party then returned to the ship carrying with them all private papers, plans, etc taken from the Supt’s office.

At 3 o’clock another boat came off and demanded all the buried instruments, rifles and ammunition. That little lot included none or ten cases of instruments, twenty odd rifles, and twenty thousand rounds of ammunition! That left and no others came ashore.

Since her arrival the collier had been grappling for the cables some distance out, and eventually cut them. Then both shipped up anchors and headed due West, probably for the Marshall Isles.

What impressed us most throughout was the rapidity with which things happened; it only seemed seconds before we were completely cut off. When first covered I can’t say exactly how I felt; certainly it wasn’t fear, but when that boat load was ashore and the maxim mounted I honestly thought we were done for, from the fierce looks they gave us and the manner in which they tore round.

Speaking to one of the officers later on he expressed the greatest surprise to find that no protection had been afforded Fanning. They fully expected to meet with resistance, and had an idea that troo[ps] might have been here. He also said they expected to find the anchorage mined and the passage too, so that explains why the "Nuremberg" passed

[Page 325]
the first time, sweeping for mines.

Of course it is easy to be beastly sarcastic when top dog, but they were very courteous and freezingly polite. "Would you be so kind as to get me a saw?" this to cut down our flag staff. When two axes crashed through the magnifers, about £2000 worth, "I’m sorry gentlemen but this is war".

We were yarning to them afterwards while they smoked our cigarette[s] and from what we could gather they do not seem very keen on the war with England, but all of them expressed a great desire to meet Japan.

The officer in charge told Smith their original intention had been to shall the office from outside the reef, the close proximity of the other houses being the only reason which stopped them.

It broke my heart to see a dirty German sailor haul down our "Jack" and throw it into the boat; they also got another flag from the office. God knows when we will get a boat; it is getting very weary this long waiting, and you must be very worried to know how we are. We are doing the same watch on the wharf as when on duty except that one man does day watch and two take the night. It is very misleading at night too; we gaze through the glasses at what appears to be a head light; and then scale up the windmill and fine only a setting star. We are very anxious about the "Iris", she was due at Suva the same day the Germans got here. We know the "Nuremberg" and "Leipsic" left Honolulu together, and as only one of them came here, it is quite probable the "Leipsic" laid in wait for the "Iris". If she is taken it will be months before we can get fixed up again. There has been nothing doing the last few days everyone is on edge and the weather is frightfully hot.

[Page 326]
We got a tennis tournament going; I won both singles and doubles the latter with Judd as partner. I was the most heavily handicapped in both, owing 40 in the singles.

I have drawn up a rough plan of the buildings concerned so that you can follow my account. Send on this letter to Dad, will you please Mother. Good-bye for the present, I will write again when the relief comes along if she ever does.

September23rd. At last we have got hold of Suva, but beyond a few words he is not allowed to say anything, being under War Office control. But we were allowed to send notes home, mine went to the Club; I hope you got it all right. It was rather funny; everyone had the pip badly last night and no one could keep still, all moody or growling, and then we heard we had got through and the "Iris" was safe!!! However, we managed to hear that Paris was safe and that Barry had won the boat race!

Doubtless instructions will shortly reach Suva, and we will get the news, good or bad, we don’t even know if a boat has left or is half way up. You’ll send on all these "War Notes" to Dad please Mum and also let the Kid know what has taken place. Until further developments then, good-bye.

September25th. The "Kestrel" arrived from "Honolulu" this morning and leaves again to-morrow. We got all the news in a condensed form from the Skipper, but it was a week old. Jove, I’d eat my oldest hat to get to the front. Would you have let me go if it were possible?

Very glad to see in the Sunday Times we received a picture of the Women’s Club getting busy. I’ve written to Enid but said you

[Page 327]
would give her all details. Next mail I will send you some photo-graphs of the German outfits. I don’t know where Dad is, but guess he is back in Sydney, now, so I know he will accept these letters; it is too long an account to re-write. Give him my love and say I’m in tip top form. We had some fresh meat and hard butter. I repeat HARD butter and I C E!, at breakfast, it was great. Good-bye dear Mum and Dad. Best love from,
Your boy,

(Kevin D’Arcy Goldrick)

[Page 328]
[Private James Patrick Godfrey (Jim) Griffin, No 7247, a labourer from Cathcart, NSW, enlisted on 6 February 1917 aged 26, and embarked from Sydney, on board HMAT A18 Wiltshire, 7 February 1917 with the 13th Battalion, 24th Reinforcement. He served in France and died of wounds on 31 August 1917 at Steenwerck, France.]
Includes a number of post cards written home by Griffin and letters notifying his family of his death and burial place.]
Photo sent by father Thos. Griffin & mother Emma Griffin, Cathcart, N.S.W. of No. 7247 Private James Patrick Godfrey Griffin, 13th Btn. A Co. 24th Reinforcements
Born 8 Jan 1891 Bega, N.S.W. Farmer & land owner
Sailed from Sydney 7 Feb. 1917

[Page 329]
No, 7247. Private James Patrick Godfrey Griffin,
13th Battalion,
A Company,
24th Reinforcements.

Born 8th January, 1891, at Bega, N.S.W. Farmer and land-owner.
Sailed from Sydney, 7th February, 1917.

Sent by father, Thomas Griffin. Cathcart, N.S.W.
and mother, Emma Griffin.

[Page 330]
[Part of an envelope]
Pte James P. G. Griffin

The Principal Librar[ian]
Mitchell Libr[ary]
Macqua[rie Street]
S[ydney]

[Page 331]
[Post card titled: "Windsor Castle, Green Drawing Room."]

[Page 332]
[Message side of the post card shown in the previous image. Includes a printed description describing aspects of the interior of Windsor Castle; not transcribed – see image for details.]
Codford
June 25 – 1917

Dear Parents.
one more card to say I am still in Codford & am doing real well we are getting treated better than ever. I never felt so strong in my life as I do now I think this country suits me to a smash in fact all the boys

[Codford Wiltshire was the site of an army camp .]

[Page 333]
[Post card showing an image of the Bloody Tower, Tower of London.]

[Page 334]
[Message side of the post card shown in the previous image.]
are looking splendid. Some of our officers left for france today. We had sports here on Saturday last but A company had no luck, we never won anything although we got some good seconds
I have room to skite about my shooting now I was the only one out of 300 shooters that could pass as a first class marksman I even surprised myself in the snapshooting whic is a mans head and shoulders and comes up

[Written sideways at the top of the card:]
P S use the same old address and it will be alright Ill get your letters some day
ta ta
Love from son Jim
7247

[Page 335]
[Address label]
Pte. J. P. Griffin,
No 7247
Australian Imperial Forces,
Abroad.

Cathcart P.O.
N.S.W., Australia.

[Page 336]
[Post card: "View of Raleigh’s Walk, Tower of London"]

[Page 337]
for 3 seconds and down for 5 well I hit him 19 times out of 20 shots and in the rapid fire I scored 29 out of a possible of 30. The Lieutenant said it was the best shooting he had seen for a long time. I am entitled to wear two crossed rifles on my arm now but I dont go in for style all I want is a fair go and Ill be satisfied to go on with the job.
I suppose its pretty cold over there now its just the other way about here I had a card from Harry & Amy on Saturday but they never even said if Tommy was well again or worse or anything about him I fancy they must be pushed for time unless they got the huff because I didnt go to see them before I left but you know I didnt have a chance to go they had many a chance to come home and they never done it so they cant blame me any how let them fire away Ill get over it in good time the war is to be ended in Sept so goodbye your son Jim xxxxxxx

[Page 338]
[On letterhead of Military Forces of the Commonwealth, 2nd Military District, District Head-Quarters, Victoria Barracks, Sydney]
13th September 1917.

Dear Sir/

In confirmation of my telegraphic advice of 10th instant to R.C. Clergyman. It is with sincere regret I have to advise that your son No. 7247 Private J.P.G. Griffin, 13th Battalion A.I.F. is officially reported to have died from the effects of gunshot wounds head, arms, chest and legs, and compound fracture right leg, on the 31st of August 1917.

I am directed to convey to you the deep regret and sympathy of Their Majesties The King and Queen and the Commonwealth Government in the loss that you and the Army have sustained by the death of this Soldier.

Yours faithfully,
[Signed:] A H Sandford
Colonel,
A.A.G. 2nd Military District.

Mr. T. Griffin,
Cathcart.

[Page 339]
On letterhead of Australian Imperial Force, Base Records Office, Victoria Barracks, Melbourne.]
8th February 1918

Dear Sir,
With reference to the report of the regrettable loss of your son, the late No. 7247, Private J.P.G. Griffin, 13th Battalion, I am now in receipt of advice which shows that he died at 2nd Australian Casualty Clearing Station, Belgium, on 31st August 1917, of wounds received in action, and was buried at Military Cemetery, Trois Arbres.

These additional details are furnished by direction, it being the policy of the Department, to forward all information received in connection with the death of members of the Australian Imperial Force.

Yours faithfully,
[Signed:] J M Lean Major.
Officer i/c Base Records.

Mr. T. Griffin,
Cathcart. N.S.W.

[Page 340]
[Gunner Francis Leslie (Alfred) Guider, No 17146, a tram conductor of Coogee, NSW, enlisted on 24 November 1915 aged 23, and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A69 Warilda on 22 May 1916 with the 4th Divisional Ammunition Column, 3rd Reinforcement. He served in France and returned to Australia on 31 May 1919. Also known as Alfred Cecil Guider and Frank Guider.

Includes a covering note to the Librarian, Mitchell Library, and letters home written by Guider.]
Guider, F.

"Kubu"
Queen St.
Coogee
Aug. 8th ’21.

To Librarian
Mitchell Library

Dear Sir

Some months ago the Sydney Press stated that the Mitchell Library would like to have Soldiers letters etc. from the front. I am enclosing a letter written to my Sweetheart giving an account of the conditions we experienced in the 1st Aus. Div. when operating in & around Strazeele, Merris & Meteren in the Months of May & June 1918. I was in the 1st Medium Trench Mortar Bge. & you can easily find out that what I have stated in my letter is perfectly true, especially with reference to the Gen. complimenting the boys. It was Gen. Walker I was referring to.
The Second letter is to my Brother Harold who evacuated the 59th Bn wounded & after going through Bapaume 1917. I am giving him an idea of the difference in the warfare & have referred to the Battle of Proqart which took place about Aug. 22nd 1918. These letters have not the consent Signature as our officers in 1918 very seldom read our letters in the Trench Mortar Bge. I have a certificate with

[Page 341]
the Autograph of Gen. now Lord Plumer for representing the 2nd British Army in a 10 kilo. Cross Country run against the Belgian army at Isenberghe Belgium on July 21st 1918. I also have several letters written to my Mother which she cherishes, but if you think they are good enough for the Library I would be pleased to hear from you. The letters I am sending now if no good to the Library would you please return same to me.

Since returning to Australia I have made a name as an athlete amongst my victories being the one mile running challenge championship of N.S.W. between The Diggers & the Rest. otherwise A.I.F. v. N.S.W.

The letters I am forwarding are signed Alfred being a name called to me by my family & most intimate friends.

Trusting to hear from you with reference to these letters.
I remain
Sincerely
Frank Guider
Late Gunner F.L.Guider 17146
1st Australian Medium
Trench Mortar Bge.

[Page 342]
France
August 30th.

My Dear Hal

I trust these few lines find you enjoying the very best of good health as it leaves me at present. I received a letter from Mother dated 25th June & Mother said you were writing also I never received your letter Teen old boy & I felt a bit downhearted when it never turned up. Well Hal I hope you will shake off that tired feeling & drop me a line every mail. You know old man what it is like over here when a letter does not turn up & you are expecting one. You & I were always the best of Pals, we’re we not! I often walked a good way over here to have the pleasure of seeing you dear old dial.

[Page 343]
Well Dear Teen it is not all milk & Honey over here and yet one cannot grumble. Will you ever forget ’16 in the mud where I first run up against you. She is a Tres Bon Guerre now compared to what we suffered then. I am in a different part of the line now not many miles from where I met you but all the same you have never been down this far. By the papers you can guess where we are. We had a big victory over the Hun last week. I was in reserves when the stunt opened & my word she was good to see. Inside an hour the Huns were coming back prisoners in Hundreds. Our Boys have the wind up the Hun completely. Dear Hal our Infantry boys are looked up to by all as the finest boys

[Page 344]
God ever made. The best of the Hun Regiments fall like wheat when our chaps go over the top. I am out of the line at present & we are all looking forward to a big spell. We are not in the line at present because our Chaps are advancing all along the line. I am looking forward to the Hun sending out a big peace offensive soon because next year he will have "Buckleys" chance. There are Americans here all over the place & they are a fine body of men.
Things are a lot different to when you were here it is not so hard as everything is perfection. We will win yet Hal old Boy so cheer up & look forward to seeing my handsome dial before very many months have passed. Since Jack came

[Page 345]
to France he has been admitted to Hospital twice & at present he is down at one of the convalescent camps about one Hundred miles from here. Poor old Chas is getting out on Sept 1st so Lizzie wrote & told me. I expect he will be in camp in England a week or Two before coming out here again I will be looking forward to seeing him again. He is one of the best Teen & I am proud of him for carrying that sleeping draft draught of his that he administers to the big cold footed M.P.’s

Well Cheero Harold & look pleasant. I will soon be home & bringing Jack & Chas back with me. Don’t forget Mother & Irene. Please help Irene with her correspondence. Au Revoir mon cher frere, Bonne Chance et bonne Sonte. Votre affectueux Frere Alfred xxx

[Page 346]
PS.please excuse this horrible paper love as I cannot buy any & I found this book Alfred xxx

France
May 21st 1918

My Darling Sweetheart

It is with the greatest of pleasure I take this opportunity of writing to you hoping to find you in the best of health as it leaves me at present. Dearest Violet, after I wrote my last letter to you saying I had received several letters & cards dated Feb & March I received three more letters a few days afterwards dated Jan & early in Feb. The mail was delayed somewhere & of course they arrived late but Dearest letters from you are always welcome no matter if they arrive a year late.
The last letter I wrote to you was not very good I am afraid because I was in the line & it was hard to find a good place to write so Dearest I hope you will not mind when you receive a letter like that. We came out of the line on the 18th after being in for 15 days. The weather was nice all the time but you cannot always have a wash or a decent sleep owing to being so close to "Fritz". When we come out for a rest we generally have a camp 3 or 4 miles back from the line & a weeks spell does us a world of good.
Today the general came around and complimented all the boys on the good work that was done. Some of the boys won military medals & of course the general made a nice speech & the Band played & everything passed off O.K.
I am always thinking of you Darling & wishing I could see you again even for 5 minutes & that would be better than seeing all the Kings & Generals in the World.

[Page 347]
My Brother Jack joined up the 4th Battalion in the line & shortly afterwards he was sent away to hospital. I had a letter from him saying he expected to be alright again very soon. I hope he will not have to come back again because one is enough to be here let alone all the family. It is not very nice here at times Vi & I am very thankful to come out every time so lucky. I always remember you in my prayers Dear & I am not ashamed to say that I am often praying when I am in a tight corner.
In my Battery I am a Signaller & of a day we cannot show outside & all the work is done at night. When I am out on duty by myself that is the time my thoughts turn to you Dear. I cannot forget you Darling & at times if I start thinking of you my heart yearns to return to Sydney so that I can look on you again vi. I hope I will have good luck to come back safe & sound because I am sure I will get on when I return to Australia.
I am afraid you will find me a little different in my ways Dear but my love for you is the same. I think I have grown a bit since I left home but you will know me all the same when I return. I had to smile when I read one of your letters & you said I would know you because you would jump into my arms & kiss me a Hundred times. When I return Darling I will kiss you so long that no one else will have a chance to speak to me or shake hands. I would give everything I own to be home again with you Dear. You will soon be nineteen & how I would love to see you & kiss you nineteen times. We will have to wait a bit longer Dear.
If I could only get back a bit further to one of the Towns I would send you some little Souvenir for your Birthday but Dearest there is no such luck. All the Australians have been complimented by Field Marshall Haig & I think in a couple of weeks our Division will be going back a few miles so as the boys will get a decent spell.
you would not believe Dear how our boys over here are. They are splendid Dear & I am proud to be an Australian. Our Infantry are looked upon by every one else as the greatest boys on the front. The Germans are doing a lot of advancing in some places but every time they run up against our infantry they get a good hiding & they will think twice before they attack us again.
I is a shame to see the way lots of the people had to leave their homes in a hurry when Fritz was advancing. I went into one warehouse where there was Thousands of Pounds worth of stuff that the people had to leave behind & run away. There are things over here where we just came from that would make your heart ache to see. I went into a milliners shop of some sort & saw bundle upon bundle of beautiful underclothing that must have been worth a lot of money & rolls of beautiful material that would make enough blouses & frocks for about 50 girls. Fritz used to shell these places nearly all day long & now and again you would see a place catch on fire & Hundreds of Pounds worth of things destroyed. It was no good of getting anything because we could

[Page 348]
not send them through the censor.
It is a shame to see all the cows & pigs & fowls walking about the fields & shells falling about them. When we first came up on this front we could see plenty of them but now they are nearly all killed. I will not say any more about this unpleasant subject Dear but I thought it might interest you as the papers do not know much only what the corresponden[ts] write about & they are not near enough to know what the war is like. They think they’re at the war, so thats alright.
Well Dearest I wonder if you are going to swim again next year! If you do please do not forget me or what you promised me will you? I love you Dearly you do not know how much & it would break my heart to think you would do something or go anywhere that you know I would not like. Please remember me Violet Darling & never mind what any one else says because I love you Dearly & some day I want you to be my wife. I could never take to anyone else & when I come home & can get a very nice home for you I am sure you will not be sorry for waiting all these long years & months for me. Be true my Darling & you have my word that I will be the same. Tell your Dear Mother that I am looking forward to her letter so not to keep me long. Give my love to your mother & sister & kind regards to your Father. When I have a chance of getting a photo taken I will & send you home some.
I must bid you "Au Revoir now violet Darling & when I receive your next letter I’ll write straight away. Fondest love & kisses from your Affte Lover Alfred.
19 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

[Page 349]
[Private Claude Hansen, No 1020, a storeman of Dawes Point, NSW, enlisted on 10 September 1914 at age 20, and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A23 Suffolk on 18 October 1914. He served with 2nd Battalion, H Company at Gallipoli where he was killed in action on 25 April 1915.]
[Envelope]

1020 Private C. Hansen
H. Company
2nd Battalion
Australian Expeditionary Force
Egypt

[Written between the address lines:]
Killed in action
[Signed:] L Morshead Major Con C Coy

[Page 350]
[Gunner Eric Gustave Hellstrom, No 634, an accountant of Milsons Point, NSW, enlisted on 28 August 1914 at age 19, and embarked from Sydney on board HMAT A8 Argyllshire on 18 October 1914 with the 1st Field Artillery Brigade, Brigade Ammunition Column. He served at Gallipoli and in France where he was awarded the Military Medal for bravery in the field on 21 December 1916, and the Bar to the Military Medal on 3 February 1917. In France he served for a time with the Australian Flying Corps and in 1918 he transferred to the RAF. He returned to Australia on 8 May 1919. He also served in World War II.

Includes a clipping from The Daily Telegraph newspaper and a letter to E Sawell of The Daily Telegraph, Sydney. ]
[Envelope]
Hellstrom

On active service
E. Sawell Esq
c/o Daily Telegraph Ltd.
King Street
Sydney
Australia

M1562

[Page 351]
Clipping from The Daily Telegraph newspaper, Sydney, Tuesday October 17, 1916.]
Military Awards.
Gunner Eric Hellstrom. – Cable news has been received by Mr. and Mrs. Hellstrom, of Milson’s Point, that their son, Gunner Eric Hellstrom, has received the Military Medal. Gunner Hellstrom was formerly an employee in "The Daily Telegraph."

[Page 352]
Tel el Kebir
Egypt
14/3/16

Dear Mr. Sawell,

I was quite pleased to hear from my father that you had not forgotten me although it is nearly four years since I left the Telegraph office. A friend of mine whom I used to go to school with recently joined up from there his name is McBride he is with the 5th F.A. Bde. Amn. Col.
I had several months on the Peninsula altogether at Helles and Anzac but would really be of no use to tell you of the happenings there as

[Page 353]
probably you press men know more about it than I do. I took about sixty odd good snaps whilst over and am sending them home to my parents. On this trip alone up to date I have taken about 450 photos and if I had thought fit before this I could have sent them to the Telegraph to publish any had they thought fit but they are most of them with my people.
Have there been many volunteers from Telegraph? Our units here have been subdivided up recently to form two new Divisions. There are now five complete Divisions here of Australians here. within a fortnight possibly any day now we will be leaving for

[Page 354]
France and I am anxiously looking forward to the day when we will sail.
Well Mr Sawell will close this short letter but hope to hear from you soon, I shall write again when opportunity arises as this is the last mail leaving Egypt for six weeks on account of our going away.
Kindest regards to the Telegraph frpm
Yours very sincerely
Eric G Hellstrom
634 Bombardier
3rd Battery 1st A.F.A.
Intermediate Base.

[Page 355]
[Sergeant Thomas Hedley Hill MM and Bar, No 874, a wool classer of Neutral Bay, Sydney joined the Army on 12 February 1915 at age 31, and embarked from Melbourne, Victoria, on HMAT A40 Ceramic on 25 June 1915. He served with the 19th Battalion, C Company at Gallipoli, and in France and Belgium. He was awarded the Military Medal on 2 September 1916 for services rendered at Pozieres, and the Bar to the Military Medal on 14 October 1917. He died of wounds on 22 September 1917.

Includes letters written from Gallipoli, Egypt, France and England, a newspaper clipping, a description of a raid in France in August 1916, a letter of congratulations to his parents when he was mentioned in despatches, and letters of condolence following his death.

Also includes a brief note written to Thomas Hill’s mother by Allan A McAulay – probably Private Allan Angus Donovan McAulay, No 3384 (pages 432, 433.]

[Envelope]
Don. by
Mr A. H. W. Hill
Euterpe,
Kurraba Road,
Neutral Bay

[Page 356]
Thomas Hedley Hill enlisted end of Jan. 1915 at Victoria Barracks, Sydney – Trained at Liverpool – at landing & evacuation of Gallipoli one of the last to leave the Peninsula – Wounded there – Went to France & died of wounds at Paaschendaele

Presented by
Mr. A. H. W. Hill
Euterpe,
Kurraba Rd
Neutral Bay.

[Page 357]
Heliopolis
Cairo
4/8/15

Dear Mother & Father,

I wrote to you by last Friday’s mail. I hope you recieve it alright. I also posted a few post cards. I am sending twenty four post cards to you by this mail I am also sending you some presents. I hope you get them alright. I have sent three dresses a couple of scarfs a table centre and a spoon. I want you to tell me if I got them reasonable. They are all hand worked & the silks are the best. I paid 30/- each for the cammel hair or tussore dresses & 25/- for the silk evening a pound each for the scarfs 12/- for the centre & 3/- for spoon. That was £7 altogether. There is a dress for mother & a scarf two dresses an evening & a summer for Dorothy also a scarf & the other two for the house. I have not seen anything suitable

[Page 358]
for Father yet but as soon as I do I will send you something.
Well everything is going along alright, & I am still keeping my good health. I am getting into fine condition and by the time I am in the fighting line will be able to fix "em" as fast as they come. One wants all the training he can get. We have been digging trenches these last three days and have not finished yet. It is a solid game, but is good exercise
I have seen young McCauly and we went out together all last Sunday. We had a very enjoyable day. He has been in the hospital but is out again & well. He looks alright. I have only seen Dan once. I have not seen any others that I know.
I don’t think it ever rains here. By jove Kitchner must have had a rough time when he marched through Egypt. It is nothing else but sandy desert.
They seem to be doing alright at the Dardinells. Still we

[Page 359]
we do not get much news here as the the paper only prints the German’s fights
I had another letter from Aunt Florrie She writes me nice letters. I have sent one letter to her and am sending another by this mail. She told me to be sure & come to her place if I go to England. I don’t think there is any chance of that yet a while. We have no idea when we will go. It will not be for a month yet. We have a lot of training to do yet.
Give my love to Jess & Marguerette & Jack also all the Friends Kindly remember me to them & tell them we are in great heart hoping you are all very well & enjoying the best of health. With all my love & kisses
Your loving Son
Tom

Let me know as soon as possible if you recieve the presents

[Page 360]
On active Service

A. H. W. Hill Esq.
"Enterpe"
Kurraba Rd
Neutral Bay.
North. Sydney.
N.S.W.
Australia

[Signed:] E C Norrie
Major

T.H.Hill
874

[Page 361]
Heliopolis
Cairo
Egypt
12 Aug 1915

Dear Mother & Father

I hope you have recieved my two previous letters also post cards & presents.
Well I hope you are both keeping well & enjoying best of health as I am. There is no mistake about my health. I have never felt so well in all my life. I never even have a head ache. I get up feeling tip top and after the days work I feel quite fresh.
We do a lot of night work. but it is all interesting, and you have your mind on it all the time. We have plenty of digging and it makes the muscles very hard. I can march for hours on the desert now and not feel it at all, so you can see we have improved out of sight since we arrived. I can tell you the Turks will know it when the 19th arrive on the scene. They are

[Page 362]
all anxious to get away. I don’t think it will be many days before we leave At all events if we do leave I will post you a card whenever a mail leaves the front.
I believe Mac Donalds crowd have gone & some are back I did not see him again after we arrived. I have only seen Ian, Wells once So I expect he has gone.
We have not recieved the mail this week, but I expect I will recieve an answer to the first letter I posted to Aunt Florrie. She told me in her last letter that she had just recieved a letter from Arthur & she said it was a splendid letter and she would post me a copy of it as soon as she knew I recieved her letters.
They tell me if you get wounded, that after you are able to get about they grant you six months’ holiday & that you can go to England or Australia, so I think I will go to England as Aunt Florrie has asked me to stay there if I come to Eng

[Page 363]
So I think it best to come.
Have you seen or heard anything of Oscar Watford I think Linklater is wounded. I believe they got the news a day or so before I left. There is no mistake there are a lot of men engaged at Gillapolis
I hope you will like the presents and that you recieve them. Write and tell the lady that you recieved them. She put her card inside.
By jove our fellows have made a name for themselves. They stop at nothing, & all the time they keep on saying what about a charge with the bayenots. The Turks fear them more than the Indians.
Stan sends his kind regards. Don’t worry about me, because there are hundreds of brave chaps fallen, and if I go I am quite prepared to die, especially fighting for my country; & I will let them know there is a Hill on the field
Will write again soon So hoping you are all well love to all friends. With all my love to your dear selves & Dear Dorothy
Your loving Son
Tom.

[Page 364]
[Envelope]
On active Service no stamps available

Mrs. A.H.W. Hill
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Rd
Neutral Bay.
North Sydney
N.S.W.
Australia

Franked by E .C. Norrie Major
O.C.C. Coy. 19th Battalion

[Signed:] T. H. Hill
874

[Page 365]
19/8/15
S.S. Saturina

Dear Father & Mother,
Just a few lines before I leave for the front It is now 12 midday & we will be at them by midnight so we are only a few hours off Well I hope I have good luck. Don’t feel frightened I will be alright There are hundreds of us going and we are all in great spirits. Remember me to all my friends & tell the single chaps they are all wanted.
The boys from our way have made a wonderful name here & we are going to keep it up. The Turks have a great fear of them. We are all in great condition & very anxious to get over & at them. We will be hard at them to take Archi Baba The Hill that will make all the difference if we take it.
Good by my dear Father & Mother and Dear Dorothy
With all my love & kisses I am ready for the worst. From your loving Son off to do his duty
Tom.

[Page 366]
[Reverse of previous page, which had been folded to make an envelope. Shown open to reveal notes written on end flaps as well as the address.]
On Active Service

Mrs A.H.W. Hill
Euterpe
Kurraba Rd
Neutral Bay
North Sydney
N.S.W.
Australia

[Signed:] T. H. Hill

The good old 19th will let them know they are fighting

Say good bye to all the girls & tell them you have to go to Australia to see the girls. We are now at Lemnos Island

[Page 367]
P.S.
Are you still picking plenty of winners Address letters as usual

Gillipoli
Donga Trench
30/8/15

Dearest Mother, Father & Little Sister

I expect you are wondering how I am getting on. Well I am quite well & having a good time. I am still in very good health & losing no weight Under the conditions the food etc is good We all cook our own food. I make quite a fine dish out of tinned beef, onions rice & preserved potatoes. I enjoy it tip top and feel in tip top order for a scrap after I have finished.
There is no mistake this is beautiful farming country. I think you could grow anything. Stanley is quite well & wishes to be remembered to you all , also Q M Potts & Paddy Hayes. Remember me to all my friends & tell them I am quite well.
Now dear Mother & Dorothy do not worry about me as I am safe as a church & after all only doing my duty. By the way have a good Xmas dinner & the good old Monopole, as it will all be over then. Give my love to Helen. Hoping you are all well With love & etc Your loving Son
Tom.

[Page 368]
[Envelope]
On Active Service

Mrs. A.H.W. Hill
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Rd
Neutral Bay.
North Sydney.
N.S.W.
Australia

Franked
F s Boyden

[Lieutenant Frank Arthur Stewart Boyden, 19th Battalion.]
[Signed:] T. H. Hill
874

[Page 369]
Donga Trench
Saturday 4/9/15

Dearest Father, Mother & Little Sister,

I hope you recieved my last letter from the trench, also those presents I posted from Heliopolis.
Well everything is going quietly. I don’t know how they are getting on, on the other side, as I have not heard since I left Sydney. We are doing good work at the Dardenelles. I am feeling well. We have just come back from the firing line for two days spell & I can tell you, Stan & I are enjoying our meals especially a cup of tea
I have not seen any of the chaps I know. I have a swim in the Ocean while we are resting.
How are you all at home quite well I hope. I am sorry to hear Mr Smith’s death Give my sympathy to Bayer Spain & his wife, also tell them I am quite well
Mother I want you to make inquires about one of our boys wife He was killed & I know you will be able to have something done for her I believe she is in poor circumstances. Her name is Mrs S Mansfield & address is C/o Mr Maloney Renwick St Leichhardt. Also let Mrs Way know about her. It is a deserving case tell her

[Page 370]
Well there is no more news. Hoping you are all well & hoping to recieve a letter shortly. Dont worry Dears Give my love to Helen With love to all
Your loving Son
Tom.

[Page 371]
On Active Service no stamp available

Mrs. A. H. W. Hill
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Rd
Neutral Bay.
North Sydney
N.S.W.
Australia

Franked by
E C Norrie

[The following line crossed through:]
T. H. Hill
874

[Page 372]
Gillapoli
Friday 14/9/15

Dear Father Mother & Little Dorothy

Recieved your three letters one from each also another Australian. Well I am glad to hear you are all well. My word you are all working for the soldier’s. I recieved another letter from Aunt Florrie and answered it right away. She sends me very nice letters. I am sorry Arthur has to send Gwladys back. They are so attached to one another. I suppose she is back by this. Give her my love & tell her paper is so scarce you cannot write you cannot obtain it at any price.

So Mr Bannister & family were over. Give them my love. I saw young Macauly this morning. He is now in the engineers He looks quite well I am feeling tip top & so far have dodged all sickness. I am glad to hear the Russians are doing well. I think they will give them jip during the winter The Germans will find it pretty tough during the snow time
Tell jack or any others that i cannot write unless they drop me a line and put an envelope & paper inside. Stan is quite well also Nartha & P Hayes.

[Page 373]
You should get more than a letter a week as I have written pretty frequent up to date. I hope you recieved that dress material. So far I have not recieved the socks, The hills are so steep that I think they leave all parcels at head quarters until we come back to base which is every now & then.
I am glad Darcey beat McGoorly. How is young Bill. Give him my kind regards & tell him I could do a dinner at Adams. I suppose you are all busy trying to find the winner of the Cups.
I have not seen Dan Wells since I arrived I heard young Walford was on his way back to Sydney through a nervous break down. Give my kind regards to all & tell them I am well.
With love to all at home, & hoping you are all well your loving Son
Tom H. Hill

[Page 374]
Mrs A. H. W. Hill
"Enterpe"
Kurraba Rd
Neutral Bay
North Sydney
N.S.W.
Australia

[Signed:] F S Boyden

[Page 375]
[Address side of a field service post card.]
Mrs Hill
"Euterpe"
Neutral Bay
Sydney
N S W
Australia

[Page 376]
[Message side of a field service post card:]
I am quite well.
Letter follows at first opportunity.
I have received no letter from you

[Signed:] Allan A. D. McAulay
Sept 19th 1915

[Page 377]
[Address side of a field service post card.]
Mrs W. Hill
"Euterpe"
Neutral Bay
Sydney N. S. W.
Australia

[Page 378]
[Message side of a field service post card:]
I am quite well.
I am being sent down to the base.
Letter follows at first opportunity.
I have received no letter from you

[Signed:] Allan A D McAulay
27th Sept 1915

[Page 379]
[Envelope]
Mrs A.H.W. Hill
"Euterpe
Kurraba Road
Neutral
Sydney
Australia

[Signed:] F S Boyden

[Page 380]
[Envelope]
Mrs. A. H. W. Hill.
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Rd.
Neutral Bay.
North Sydney.
N.S.W.
Australia

[Signed:] F S Boyden

[Page 381]
[The individual pages of this two-page spread are not in chronological order. Transcribed as they should be read; see image for details.]
6/10/15
Gallipoli

Dear Father Mother & Little Sister

Recieved your three letters dated 23 August yesterday. Was very pleased to hear that you are all well. I also recieved a pair of socks as did Stanley. They came by the comforts fund, and it is quite safe sending anything through it. It takes a little longer to get here but it is sure. The fund also sent along some articles. There were only a few so we had to draw for them. I was unlucky. Still they sent some rolled oats and there was enough for breakfast also condensed milk. Well I enjoyed it better than anything I remember It was so nice it was a pity to eat it. I hope some more comes along soon. The boys are all very thankful for them, and they will be looking out for the next lot.
Well a little about myself. I am quite well, and feeling as fit as a fiddle. We have been here just on seven weeks, and by the time the next seven have passed I expect we will be entitled to a holiday. We will all be very pleased when the time comes. We have been very lucky so far with rain. Only one night and another time a half a day. It was quite miserable enough though to make us wish that we do not get anymore. The hills are so steep to climb that I don’t know how we will manage to get our supplies to the

[Page 382]
top. The last few days the have been bringing it up as quick as possible & we have about seven days supplies on top. Well all these things have to be contended with and I am one that will stand them. I am sure & feel certain that I am coming back without a scratch. I have got ever so much more used to the life that is the buzzing of bullets & shrapnel & the big guns going off.
I am very sorry to hear about Arthur having trouble with the Natives. Now mother Dear do not worry and believe in fate as I do. I would be very pleased if a lot of our chaps believed in it One thing I have the name from Officers & most in the company of being the coolest & gamest in the company.
I am sorry to say we lost Johnson one of our tent mates at Liverpool He was that quite chap I told you about He was shot through the head right alongside me It was bad luck. Old Mackay is wounded.
Will write again soon hoping you are all well Give my regards to all friends & Love to Helen.
With all my love
Your loving Son
Tom

I tip it to last about another 6 to 8 weeks here & then good bye Turkey

[Page 383]
20/10/15
Gillapoli

Dearest Mother & Father,
Recieved your very welcome letters dated 3 September also several others. I am glad to hear you are all so well. Look Mum Dear you must not work too hard at these Red Cross affairs. Don’t overdo yourself. It must be nothing else but concerts etc now Well I expect it will be all needed for a lot of the poor chaps. No mistake war is an awful thing and one could never realise how awful unless they go through one. Still dears do not worry over Tom as I will come through alright. Some must get hit and if it comes my way I will take it like a man or to make it plainer the same as Dear old Father would. I tell you honestly, you know how I love you all & would go through anything if any of you were insulted, well you have to come to such a place as this & recieve your dear letters to really know how much a son loves his parents & sister & Brother & what they are to them There is no one can write letters like my dear people. How I look forward to them Never mind Mum Dear & Father old boy try & be as cheerful as your son & you will not be worried so much. I have the name in C Company of being the most cheerful & as game as you make "em". I’ll bet you if there was any very ticklish thing to be done such as go & take some gun or blow up a bridge the old Tom would be asked. And I do it without a murmur, the same as any of your sons would, and you would expect them too.

[Letter continues on page 385.]

[Page 384]
[Envelope]
Mrs A. H. W. Hill
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Road
Neutral Bay
Sydney
N.S.W.
Australia

[Signed:] F S Boyden

[Page 385]
[Continuation of latter from page 383.]
You bet your past dollar Father old boy Tom is the right material & they know it here too. I have proved. Sometimes you are in the open & I am just as cool as if in George St. I only wish I was a Major or something so I could lead them into it
Well I am still as well & healthy as ever, which is a marvel as I think nearly all have been bad with Dysentry. I don’t think the winter will be too good. It is quite cold now & rainy. I can stand it with the best of them.
I recieve letters frequently from Aunt Florrie also papers. She sent me a nice book called Under the German Ban in Alsache & Lorraine.
I hope the damn war does not last too long. I am dying for a good feed at home I often think of the good old evenings we had, & it makes my mouth water. I am so sorry to hear of Keith Haugh’s wounding. It is bad luck. They are buzzing overhead like wild fire now.
I am writing this in the firing trench 20 yards from Turks. They are characters You have a shot at a periscope & immediately the joker waves a wash out which means you have missed. One was waving yesterday when of a sudden one of our big shells burst right on top of him. So I expect he is still going somewhere. Gee what a report they make when they explode
Will write shortly Kind regards to all friends & love to Helen Hoping you are all well with all love & kisses Your loving Son
Tom

Tell Edna Leth I posted her a letter two weeks before I recieved hers & will answer hers shortly

[Page 386]
[The individual pages of this two-page spread are not in chronological order. Transcribed as they should be read; see image for details.]
31/10/15
Gallipoli

Dearest Mother Father & Little Doss
Have had no mail landed here from Australia for two weeks so expect your letters tomorrow or day after. I am still like the Old Johnie Walkers 10 weeks & still going strong.
I did not have time to write last week as I was picked out to take charge of an outpost picket & reconnoitring party There were twelve men It was the job to find out if you are the right stuff or not. I was on it a week. Out of the original 12 men I only had 3 left at the finish. It was night work & they had 2 hours on & 4 off Some lasted a day some only one shift, & a few ten minutes. They would say get another man in my place this is too solid for me. Then I would have to send for another man.
What made it like that for them, a couple of days before I took the job over (you are only on this job for a week) a couple of Turks were shot dead at the posts. They were calling me every five minutes & saying they could see them creeping They would not be satisfied until I would go up & look, If what these chaps suffered from is called nerves thank Heaven I dont suffer from them.
There I was all the time anxious for a few to come & these rotters praying they would not. Damn it a lot of them ought to be ashamed to call themselves soldiers The knocker came a few days after we had been on, The Major wanted someone to take 5 men out & examine the gully I was sure it would fall to me , & I was right. I dont know how many he asked before me. I just said right Oh. But when I went to pick the men, there were a hell of a lot felt sick. At all events I got five & we done our job well, but did not have the luck to capture a couple of Turks, worse luck

[Page 387]
[The individual pages of this two-page spread are not in chronological order. Transcribed as they should be read; see image for details.]
As I told you before I was reckoned the gamest in our lot, well now I as game as they make "em". The all reckon if they are picked to go with me, it is some ticklish job. They reckon I would do anything. All the same make no mistake I am very careful and seem to be made for the job of soldering. I don’t think Rook Norman & Loyd will stand the life. It is rough.
I suppose when you recieve this it will be Christmas Day or close handy. I wish I was sharing in the dinner. At all events I wish you all a very merry Xmas & Happy New Year. Dont feel down because I am away I will be OK & arrive back safe & sound & then we will have a dinner eh What.
I have been thinking of your good old Sunday Dinner today. I had a nice letter from Aunt Florrie & one from Aunt Alice. How is Gwlad Wish her the compliments of the season Gwlad is a brick and a wife in a million. She will make another such mother as Our Dear Mother, and there is not a better or kinder mother ever lived in this world,
Surely this war will not last more than another six months Where the devil all the ammunition comes from I don’t know They are flying in thousands.
I suppose there are few chaps about now. The way they are enlisting. We want some reinforcements. We have had the 1, 2 & 3rd reinforcements.
I have not heard of Dan since I came here. The time seems to pass very quickly. We had four days rain this week. It makes things awkward & it is also very muddy. Still everybody has to put up with it.
Give my Kind regards to all friends & also Compliments of the season & say I am well. Love to Helen
Hoping you are all well & enjoying best of health. Good bye for present
Your loving Son
Tom

Post some Chocolates

[Page 388]
[On letterhead of "The Young Men’s Christian Association and the Australian Branch Red Cross, with H. M. Mediterranean Expeditionary Force in Egypt."]
[From] P E Potts C.Q.M.S.
954 [No.] C [Coy.] 19th [Batt.]
[Brigade] 5th [Division] 2nd
5/11/1915

Mrs A. W. Hill
Kurraba Road
Neutral Bay

Dear Mrs Hill

Tom met with a slight accident today. He was sitting in his dug out & a piece of shell from some distance flew back & hit him on the arm, & hip, causing a fair scar in both places. Happily however the wounds were not deep & Tom bore up like a Briton. He of course will be obliged to rest for a few weeks but is in no danger whatever & being physically fit should be back with us in the course of a month at the outside.
I am cabling you tomorrow in case Tom hasn’t a chance of doing so. The Military Authorities would naturally advise you of Tom being wounded & you might think he is badly "done by". – but on receipt of my cable you will see he is not too bad.
Hope all is well with you & yours
With kind regards to Miss Hill
Yours very sincerely
P E Potts

[Written sideways in the left-hand margin:]
We will all be pleased to see old Tom back with us. If I told you all we think of him – you would be getting too proud. All I can say if there were more Tom Hills we would be over the Hills & far away from this I’m sure

[Page 389]
[Envelope]
Mrs Hill
Kurraba Road
Neutral Bay
Sydney
NSW

[Signed:] E C Norrie

[Page 390]
Gallipoli
14/11/15

Dearest Father Mother & Dear Dolly

Recieved your very welcome letter & was pleased to hear you are all well.
Well old Pals buck up as I am doing famously & improving every day. Dont worry a bit as there is absolutely no danger in the wound. It is not very painful, and if it was painful I am one that will stand it with the next.
Well I will be very pleased to recieve the Asparagus and other good things as I am longing for a good feed. I think they will be quite safe by the 19th funds, but that is the only way. Dont send anything any other way. No mistake they are rotters that take them while coming through the post. I had several letters to day and I tell you it is good to recieve them.
By jove I wish they would finish up here. They are proving pretty tough to shift. As long as they dont use the gas We are prepared for it.
How I could do some of those eggs. & some yorkshire pudding
My word they have put that little batch from Singleton out of action. Poor old Dan eh. Young Macauley is alright believe he has been a bit sick but nothing to speak off.
No time for those Majors etc, who resign. They show the yellow streak. Damn rotters. No mistake this is the place to find out what you are made of. You can better your last Bob I wont flinch not even if they tell me to take

[Page 391]
a machine gun. Thank Heaven I am made of the right stuff. Same as you Dad afraid of nothing. If I do happen to go under you can always say, I done my duty well & who was never afraid to do anything.
Kitchner visited here yesterday and we hear there is a peace conference on. Lets hope they agree. It must be costing a tremendous amount to keep this place going
We will all be glad to see Snowy when he comes. We can do with some reinforcements in fact a good few. I often think of the gropers we used to catch. I believe I could put a 10 lb away with a couple of bottles of ale.
What is wrong with Bannister ask him did he get my letters also Bill I have written to them all.
I had a letter from Miss Hayes. Very nice one too. Tell Edna Johnnie Walker is not going too strong at present but hope to be up to mark shortly.
Hoping you are all well & enjoying good health. Love to all & kind regards to friends
Your loving Son
Tom

[Page 392]
[Envelope]
Mrs. A. H. W. Hill
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Road
Neutral bay
Sydney
N. S Wales
Australia

[Signed:] F S Boyden

[Page 393]
[Envelope]
Mrs. A. H. W. Hill
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Rd.
Neutral Bay.
Nth. Sydney.
N. S. W.
Australia

[Signed:] F S Boyden

[Page 394]
Gallipoli
21/11/15

Dearest M other Father & Dolly

Recieved your very welcome letter dated 4 Oct. today. Glad to hear you are all well. I am getting on a1. Am able to walk a bit with a stick. Father old boy we are a good double now. Mine is on the same side as yours.
Will enjoy the pudding & other luxuries when they come. I can tell you I am looking forward to them. Also the warm clothing as it is going to be very cold here. The water proof will be just the thing, as by what they say we will have plenty of rain. Gee it is cold some days. Hope they chuck it up soon. Surely the German Swine can’t hold out much longer.
My letters may not come regular as the water gets so rough they can’t get them away till it smoothes down. Some days it blows like the dickens.
We are in our 14th week of the trenches The time slips by, but not quick

[Page 395]
enough for me to get home to my Dear people, No mistake this is the place that makes you think of home
I am sorry you had no luck at the races. Wanted me there. I was thinking of them on the days they were run.
Envelopes are scarce so am enclosing notes to Waugh & McKinnon. See they get them.
I suppose everything is pretty hard in Sydney. Never mind lets hope is will soon end. We will do our best & I can tell you they don’t like us to mix it.
Give my kind regards to all friends & say I will meet them at my welcome home.
Hoping you are all well & Cheer up the old Tom is doing well With all my love & kisses
Your loving Son
Tom.

[Page 396]
Gallipoli
30/11/15

Dearest Mother Father & little Dolly,

Have not recieved any mail for a time on account of the sinking of the boat I told you in my last letter I am getting on tip top, and back with the boys although I am still off duty. The wound has pretty well closed up. I am the same as ever, and having a good spell.
We have had a terrible time the last four days We had rain for two days and nights and then snow for a day and two nights. We were wet and cold with the rain and then the snow on top of it capped everything. My word talk about cold, I have never felt any thing like it in my life. The fingers and hands were quite numbed and useless.
We have had a nice sunny day today and everything is in good order again. My word we won’t want too many of these cold changes. It will play old harry with us. I hope they turn it up before long. This place will be very solid about the end of December. I don’t know however they think we are going to stand the cold.
I would not be surprised if we are relieved any day now. At any rate our holidays five or six weeks are pretty near due. We are in our fifteenth week now

[Letter continues on page 398.]

[Page 397]
[Envelope]
Mrs. A. H. W. Hill
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Rd
Neutral Bay.
Nth. Sydney.
N. S. W.
Australia

[Signed:] F S Boyden

[Page 398]
[Continuation of letter from page 396.]
I wonder how much longer the war is going to last. Wonderful where all the money comes from. It can’t last very much longer surely.

I have not recieved the parcel yet but am anxiously looking forward for it. My word it will be welcome. I am just longing for something nice to eat. No mistake we have to put up with hardships here. We have had no reinforcements for a long time. I know this when I get back I am going to have a good spell & plenty of good tucker. My word how would one of the good old evenings go now. There would no sandwiches left I can tell you.

Hope you pick some winners at Randwick. Would very much like to be there myself.
How is Bannister getting on. Have not heard from him yet. Get a good few from the girl in the shop. Did you do that message for me Dorothy. Don’t forget.
Give my kind regards to all friends & tell them my fingers get to cold to write even if I had the paper.
How is the garden. I hope the chokos are on when I get back. One thing we can have a few bottles, & enjoy them. Even water is cut down at present to quarter rations. Oh well it is all in the game & I will manage to see it through.

Hoping you are all well.
With all my love
Your loving Son
Tom.

[Page 399]
Gallipoli
4/12/15

Dearest Mother Father & Dear Dolly,

Still no mail, but there is a rumor that there is one down on the beach, so expect letters etc from you tomorrow. Will be glad to get it as we have not had any mail for a long time.
Well I am getting on tip top and can manage without the stick. The wound has almost closed up and I am feeling splendid. I hope I do not get in the road of any more. No good to "Gundy". [Slang for "no good to me".]
Well we have had good weather since the snow thank Heavens. We don’t want too much of the snow. One thing they are giving us a rum every night now instead of once a week. The tucker is getting better too, although I could do one of the good old home dinners still. The comforts fund has not arrived yet you can bet I am watching for it & will be mighty glad when it comes. I am thinking of the Asparagus & I hope there is some chocolate. It is great stuff the plain chocolate.
How are all my friends give them my kind regards and tell them paper is too scarce to write. I would like to write but the paper & time is too scarce, so you explain to them. Tell them I am well & hope to soon be back with them all especially my dear parents. Tell John & Marguerette I will write the first opportunity, as I must keep some paper & envelopes to write you all at home

[Page 400]
Tell Mr Waugh I always think of the good teaching he gave me when a boy, & it makes everything quite easy & I am not a bit afraid if the end did happen to come. which is not at all likely.
Also tell the Doctor that I often think of the way he used to say he would carve into any German patients, & wish he had started years ago.
At the present moment our ships & guns are giving about the biggest bombardment since we came. I tell you the shells play the dickens. I am glad they are not coming at us. The rumbling noise has not ceased for a second for over an hour. You know some of the shells weigh a ton. How about one of them for dinner. No good Eh so say I.
Well I will be glad when it is all over and I am back with my dear Mother & Father & Sister again. I am sure I will not leave you again. Father & I will have some days out & Mother & Doss theatre nights. I am going to have a good quite time for a month or two when I come back. I do hope I get to England to see Aunt Florrie. I get such nice letters from her, & she says she is very proud of me.
I can tell you the man who sticks this & sees it through is good material & good "breed"
I am made Sergeant. Not bad. I am the first Corporal in our company to be gazetted on the field.
Hoping you are all well & to hear from you tomorrow
Best love & good wishes
Your loving Son
Tom

[Page 401]
[Envelope]
Mrs A. H. W. Hill
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Rd
Neutral Bay
Nth Sydney
N.S.W.
Australia

H Boyden

[Page 402]
A. H. W. Hill Esq.
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Rd
Neutral Bay
Nth Sydney
NSW
Australia

H Boyden

[Page 403]
Gallipoli
10/12/15

Dearest Father Mother & Dear Dolly,
Recieved your very welcome letters last mail & was pleased to hear you were all well. I hope I recieve most of the parcels you have sent. It is very good of you all to think of them. I will appreciate them.
Well Dears the side is practically alright again. I am now instructing the company on grenade throwing and it will take me some time as I can only have a dozen a day. It is nice and easy. I am feeling as fit as ever otherwise. I had a bit of luck the other day. Allan Mac sent word for me to come & see him & I did so He gave me a tin of porridge 3 tins milk 1 tin arrowroot tin chicken tin pineapple packet biscuits 3 oranges cigarettes tobacco string of figs sugar & I have had a blow out since. It was very good of him. I told him you had recieved a card from him. He is looking tip top & is only 500 yds from me. He said he would give me odd little thing often, so I am going to do alright after all
Well things are going on about the same & we are having nice weather still & hope it continues.
No time to write more
Hoping you are all well
With all my love & kisses
Your loving Son
Tom.

[Page 404]
[Envelope]
Mrs A. H. W. Hill
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Road
Neutral bay
Sydney
New South Wales
Australia

[Page 405]
Tel-el-Kebir
11/1/16
Egypt

Dearest Mother Father & Dear Doss
I recieved all your letter and the rubber coat parcel also other parcels cigarettes etc. in fact we are getting all the parcels through the 19 Comforts Fund The only thing they take a good time to get here. On account of the evacuation they kept all our mails over on this side for a month before we left I recieved quite a nice parcel of goods from Aunt Florries and no less than seven letters in four weeks. The letters are all so nicely written and kind. I write twice a week to Aunt Florrie. I also recieved Mrs Aldritt’s parcels. I can tell you we are having a great time for our christmas.
Well my wound has quite healed up and I am myself again and the only think left is the scars on my side & arm. I cannot tell you anything about the evacuation yet but will give you a full account later. Now the wound is alright it does not matter, but at the time & for a couple of weeks it gave me the devil.
Never send any money, as I can get all I want. There is no need for worry while we are here as it is like the old Liverpool days. We drill all day How long it is going to last I don’t know, but hope it is for a long time. We are a couple of hours ride from Cairo, but leave is scarce as only 2 % get it

[Page 406]
I saw Oscar Walford the other night & he is looking quite well. The weather is beautiful here, could not be better How are all the boys & girls give my kind regards to them all. I suppose we will wait here until the Spring & then get a move on to France or some where else. Hope it is all over by then, although myself I like to be doing my bit at the right thing
I have a big mail to answer so must close & write in a few days again. Hoping you are all well as this leaves me.
Best wishes & love
Your loving Son
Tom.

[Page 407]
Tel-el-Kebir
Egypt
25/1/16

Dearest Mother Father & Dolly,
Recieved your letters, also sent you a cable addressed to Ross Smith. Everything is going on well & I am feeling better than I have for years. Am as fresh & strong as a lion. We are likely to move off any day but have no idea where to. Get plenty of letters from Aunt Florrie & parcels occasionally. I write to her very often too. Give my kind regards to all friends & tell them I am tip top. Have not seen anything of Normy yet. Have seen Oscar w Walford & Young McCauley. They are all well.
There is not any news.
Hoping you are all well
With all my love & kisses
Your loving Son

[Page 408]
Egypt
6/2/16

Dearest Mother & Father,
Well we have taken up a position for the present. We are somewhere out from the Canal & on the desert It is all sand. At present the weather is beautiful. I am getting on tip top and feeling in as good health as ever I did. I hope you are all the same.
We have now our reinforcements and are full strength again. I will tell you a little of the evacuation. I took over Stans post when they left. I only had three men, and had to stay for thirty six hours after they left Tell you how hellis ticklish it was our company left & only 16 of us stayed it was the same all the way along
They all left the Peninsular on the Saturday at six & we left on Sunday night at one thirty I tell you if they had come we were gone to the mountains. I had 3 good men & we would have died hard. I will tell you more when I get home. Will write again soon. Hoping you are all well With love & kisses
Your loving Son
Tom.

[Page 409]
[Envelope]
Mrs A H. W. Hill
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Rd
Neutral bay
N. Sydney
N S W
Australia

H Boyden

[Page 410]
Feb 17

My dear Arthur and Catherine
I am very late but must send my love & congratulations on dear Tom’s achievement – such success that his conduct has he tells me been mentioned in "Despatches home" – I don’t think he knows half what that distinction means!
Loving Aunt
F.W H

[Page 411]
Ismalia
Egypt
10/3/16

Dearest Mother & Father,
We are very busy and moving so have not much time to write. I am waiting for mails from you. I recieved a nice watch from Aunt Florrie also writing material I also recieved another hamper from Arthur. I am as well as ever and feeling tip top. From all I can hear it won’t be long before we are in France. I expect to be there by the time you recieve this. Address letters as usual. We are off somewhere & will let you know as soon as we get it officially. Excuse short note. hoping you are all well. with love
Your loving Son
Tom

[Page 412]
[A post card that includes the address (transcribed below), a drawing of a soldier, and information about the Tobacco Fund organisation. See image for details.]
P. J. Marks Esq
92 Pitt St
Sydney
N.S.W
Australia

[Page 413]
Don’t feel uneasy if you don’t recieve a letter for a couple of weeks after this one as there is no mail when we are moving
Did I tell you I had been mentioned in Despatches

[Page 414]
[This page appears to be the reverse of the postcard on page 412 and contains at the top a printed note that "The smokes sent with this postcard were supplied to the Tobacco Fund by Martins, Ltd., 210, Piccadilly, London, W.".]
1st Australian Stationary Hospital
Egypt
March 21.3.16

Dear Sir
Just a line to let you know that I recived your Parcel of Cigarettes & Tobacco
Thanks very much for them as they came in very useful to us as you cant for the love or money get any Cigarettes of English description in Egypt. Every one of our unit got supplied with the same amount and Hoping and trusting that you and your friends will be able to carry on with your good work and still be able to keep up the supply for the Brave boys
hoping to find you in the Best of health, from yours ect
Pte J Hill

[Page 415]
[Envelope]
Mrs C Hill
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Rd
Neutral Bay
N. Sydney
NSW
Australia

[Signed] T. H. Hill.

[Page 416]
France
24/5/16

Dearest Mother & Father,
Recieved all your letters when I arrived back from London. I was very sorry to hear that you were not well Father. I do hope you are quite yourself again. As you will see I am now back & hard at it again. My word what a beautiful city London. I could have done a couple of months there. I did enjoy myself. It was the best week I ever had. And the most drink I had was three in one day. I wanted to see as much as I could It is wonderful the way the people treat us I hope it is all over before long and we have another few weeks there. Well everthing is going on well & I expect we will have a go to tickle them up before long. I hope the souvineers I sent while in London will arrive safely. Dont let them get knocked about If you like you can lend them to Miss Fitzmaurice for week to show in her window. They are the nose caps from the German shells & the pieces are from the shells. The smaller nose caps are from the shells they fired at our

[Page 417]
Aeroplane. The pieces of iron & stell steel are from the shell when it bursts. one of those exploded within eight yds of me.
I am glad Mrs Ward recieved my letter. I have posted some to her old address since she has left. The last day I had in London I was rowing on the river & somebody shouted Tom. Who do you think it was Bennett (L. Horse) & Keller (you met him at the Bay Arthurs friend also Normas Lethbridge friend) Have not seen Norman Lethbridge or any body else since I left.
Must go & do a bit now
Hoping you are all well.
Best wishes & heaps of love
Your loving Son
Tom

[Page 418]
[The second page of a letter, dated 30 May 1916, that begins on page 419.]
quite prepared to meet my maker.
You have both been the very best parents in the world & I am very proud of you. I am glad to be fighting & upholding the good old British race. Leave it to me Father I will give them one for you. They are no good when you get to it with they bayonet. I am feeling fit & well & never better. I am ready to fight the fight of my life & will go into it quiet cool. My boys will follow me anywhere. We are all anxious to try & finish it. Tell all my friends it will be some time before I write again but tell them all to keep on writing as it is great to recieve letters. Hoping you are all well If it is my time to go before I write again, I will meet you, both Dear, Rowland & I. Good bye & good luck. Now buck up & dont get down hearted. I will see it through.
All my love & kisses
Your loving Son
Tom.

Probably by the time you recieve this I will be able to write & I will tell Aunt Florrie to cable, so you will know I am writing again

[Page 419]
[The first page of the letter whose second page appears on page 418.]
France
30/5/16

Dearest Mother & Father,
Just after posting your letter about the rumour, it came officially that we could not send any more for six or seven weeks. Now don’t get uneasy as I will write as soon as they allow us. if anything happens I will have a cable sent immediately.
I expect we are going to tackle them & drive "em" well back. If so you can bet your son will be well in it. I hate them that much. Remember if I do fall, my thoughts are always with you, & I am

[Page 420]
France
2/6/16

Dearest Mother & Father,
Have not recieved any mail since last writing you. It is likely to arrive any time now. I am getting this letter away on the quiet. Everything is going well with me & I am feeling tip top. I expect everything is hard in Sydney now. Never mind it may all be over this year Let us hope so. It is fine weather again so we are very thankful for that. My word I would like to be going on leave again.
Don’t get knocking those curious or trying to unscrew them. Did you recieve that photograph I had taken while at Tel-el-Kebir. I hope so. I had one taken while in London. I hope you recieve that also. I would like to be home for a feed of Chokos. They would be great.
Hoping you are all well, best wishes & love
Your loving Son
Tom

[Page 421]
France
18/6/16

Dearest Mother & Father,
Recieved your very welcome letters dated 18 April. I also recieved one from Dorothy dated 1 May, so I expect yours along any day. I recieved also a nice parcel of cigarettes from Miss Brown, which were very welcome. I am enclosing a letter to her, please address, Miss Maude Brown 234a Alfred St North Sydney. I hope you are all keeping good health. I am in tip top health & feeling as fit as a fiddle. We are enjoying good weather. Everything is looking nice and green It is much nicer than the bare land as it was a few months ago. You should be recieving a nother photo of me. hope you like it.
I hope this big Russian offensive has some thing to do with the ending of the war. Possibly we may be home for Xmas. I do hope so. I had some more letters & parcels from Aunt Florrie. She is very kind to me.
Hoping you are all well. Best wishes and love & kisses

Your loving Son

[Page 422]
France
2/7/16

Dearest Mother & Father,
Did not recieve any letters from you by the last mail, but hope they come during the week. Stan recieved one from Dorothy. Well I got through my raid alright but it was rough I can tell you. I brought one prisoner back. We sneaked over to their trench and jumped in. They are not the stuff for fighting up the hands go quick. We only had orders for four prisoners and any others well whip it in I will tell you all about it when I can get a letter through from England. The weather is great at present I am feeling well & in excellent health. I hope you recieve my last photograph. give my love to all friends & tell them I will write latter on as I am very busy at present.
We have got them as nervous as anything along this line, as we are having raids every night. I do believe it will end this year. I do hope it does. Hoping you are all well best love & wishes

Your loving Son
Tom
Account of raid I took part in. [See newspaper clipping on following page.]

[Page 423]
[Newspaper clipping (July 1916), transcribed below.]
Our Precise Fire.
Anzacs’ Athletic Raid.
From W. Beach Thomas,
British Headquarters, France,
Monday.

A group of Prussians and, at two miles’ distance, a group of Saxons had a very bad quarter of an hour this morning. At 12.32 a.m., in the neighbourhood of Armentieres, they were awakened from their serenity by a sudden display of fireworks. Coveys of trench mortar bombs went spinning up in their peculiar vertical flight, like rocketing clay pigeons, and smothered the enemy’s trench.

On the heels of what was called a "Brock’s benefit" two Anzac teams let their trenches and did quick time across the interval. They treated the affair exactly as if it were an athletic contest. They had trained on the usual system, getting up early, giving up smoking, taking appropriate exercise and food. They had special bathes, and rubbers were deputed to massage their limbs. Soon perhaps we shall have whole battalions, if not brigades, of this quality. Indeed, some we have already.

Men could not have been better selected for this super-obstacle race. It might have been an event in the Olympic Games of 1916, which normally would have been held in Berlin about this date. In that case we need not complain of our representatives. In spite of some machine-gun fire they were across the gap so quickly as to almost escape casualties. When they "hurdled" the battered wire and entered the trench the race was over and the enemy gave up. Some of them lay down on the ground and squealed. The athletes were allowed to enter the dug-outs and take at their ease what booty they required.

It was found the easiest thing in the world to capture prisoners, but al the gymnastic quality of the Anzacs was needed when it came to getting the captives out of the trench, so terrified were they of their own artillery or machine-gun fire. But it was done.

"Where’s that five bob?"
One vast Queenslander, while with the left hand he pulled his prisoner, limp as a sack of potatoes, over into our trench, stretched out his right hand to a comrade, saying, "Where’s that five bob?" There were other similar sporting bets made and won. Another successful giant who had dragged an unwilling victim behind him with some lack of gentleness apologised for his own athletic superiority. "I wish," he said, "I had run up against a bigger chap."

I will not distinguish particularly between these two simultaneous raids. One was a complete walk-over. Virtually the only fighting was a confused throwing of bombs by the enemy at his own men, causing many casualties to himself. Both were a complete military success. The requisite prizes were brought back. A bomb store and other things of value were destroyed and many Germans were killed by the firing and by the instruments, blunt and sharp, of the attack party.

A curious episode was the discovery of a body of the enemy’s wirers at work, who, thanks to an ingenious manoeuvre, were entirely wiped out by our mortars. Neither the Prussian nor the Saxon infantry showed fight; and so far the artillery retaliation has been of the slightest.

The raids may be more than an episode. Activity has been considerable. Not since I have been at the front have I watched such precise artillery fire from our side as I saw two days ago from a point a little to the north of these raids. Artillery fire has been also exceedingly active from Souches North, and in the same district 26 mines were exploded within the course of last week. Nor have the German airmen ever been so active.

Belgian Front Shelling.
Belgian Official. Tuesday.
Towards evening yesterday the artillery was active on both sides at various points of the front from Ramscappelle to Steenstraate (north of Ypres). Today there has been reciprocal shelling in the region of Dixmude. – Wireless Press.

[Handwritten in the left- hand margin:]
I won 10 francs.

[Page 424]
[Envelope]
Mrs. A. H. Hill
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Rd
Neutral Bay
N. Sydney
N.S.W.
Australia

[Signed:] T. H. Hill.

[Page 425]
France
4/7/16

Dearest Mother & Father,
A few lines to let you know I am well and feeling tip top. I recieved your letter dated 15th May & glad to hear you were all well. My word you done well at your stall. I am enclosing some cards etc I got from the prisoner I took. I brought him back myself. It took us over an hour to get back. The shell fire & machine guns were so hot Gee whiz it was hot The joker I brought back was winged in the hand. I sent you a cutting giving an account of the raid The distance was about 450 yds so you see we had some distance to go.
Keep the enclosed as I want them for souvineers. I can’t tell you what we did while in their trenches but there was no mercy shown to them.
I have not seen any of the boys yet that is ones I know. Don’t worry, I will see it through. I was quite close to Miss Williams friend when he was hit The Latest report is that he is doing well. Hoping you are all well best wishes & love

Your loving Son

[Page 426]
4th August 1916.
France.

Dearest Mother & Father,
Have not had anytime to write lately, I am fit & well & feeling tip top.
Have had a strenuous ten days, but have scraped through alright. Met Lloyd Davies yesterday. He has just joined his battalion. Also saw Cecil Christmas yesterday They are both well. Remember me to all friends & tell them we have absolutely no time to write while this big advance is on. We are doing well. Best wishes & good luck. Cheer up
Your loving son
Tom.

[Page 427]
France
13/8/16

Dear Mother & Father,
I am writing from hospital in France I have been here eight days. it is a hospital at a place called Etarps, a few miles from Boulogne. They have not taken the piece of shell out yet I am going on to England either today or tomorrow, to have the operation It caught me in the thigh this time. It is nothing serious, so dont worry, I will have a good spell in England. I was unlucky to get hit as we were being relieved in another eight hrs.
We had been eleven days and nights up in the trenches. We were in the great advance of the Somme. We were at a place called Pozieres near Contalmaison. We had to take the ridge (that is the second division) at all costs. We had one go and got knocked to pieces but our second attempt was successful, and we flew in although we were very weak.
There are only about four officers outside of Mackenzie & Norrie left We now have S A Middleton as company commander & he is the only one left Poor old Captain Heritage was killed, & a gamer man was never born. There was never a battalion kept in over six days & nights, only the old 19th They have the great name for digging under fire. Never a budge in them, although they are going down like nine pins. All the Australian divisions have to have a cut up there, and we come out very short.

[Page 428]
the 19th has about 250 left out of a 1000, in fact the 5th Brigade are not a 1000 strong. All the same the Australians have taken the trenches allotted to them. Strike me pink the square heads are dead mongrels. They will keep firing until you are two yds off them & then drop their rifle & ask for mercy They get it too right where the chicken gets the axe. They have wonderful dug outs. Three stories down & the three together will hold about 300 men.
Well when we hop in they wont come up, say they are fixing wounded up Well we have two gallon tins & we have them filled with oil & tie a mill’s bomb to the handle. Set the bomb going & then throw it down to them. You should see the blaze & hear the yells, you can bet there is not a live one down there. I never had my boots off for 17 days nor had a shave or wash. We are not going to any more fronts like the Somme again so don’t worry.
Gee whiz shells were like hail stones, in fact they were flying the whole time we were up there. Never mind I dodged them and will fit a few more before I have finished. its good sport father, when the bayonet goes in there eyes bulge out like a prawns. They have em all ages up there, & I think they are running short of men, although they seem to have plenty of ammunition. We send over 180,000 shells all sizes, a day at the Somme. We had two nights gas but they only got a few. We send over more gas than them now.
Look, keep all this news to yourself, & if you do tell anybody confidentially say you heard it from some one else. For Heavens

[Page 429]
Sake keep John & Arthur back. One is quite enough & I have got their share of Germans & am still good for a mob yet. There are a lot of the boys get shell shock. I’m blowed if I can. When I was hit the shell was not three yds above me & I hit the ground like lightening. The force from the explosion is terrible. I was up quick & lively & found I was punctured in the thigh. Dont worry over my wound as it is not serious & I will have at least ten weeks spell.
I recieved all your letters & the snap shot of the stall.
Well there is a chance of us being home for Xmas, but dont build on it. By Jove Mum, the Schot Scotties are the boys. The Germans are terribly frightened of the Kilties & they can fight never retire & never take prisoners. Dont forget to keep this news to yourself. I dont know how Lloyd Davies got on he joined the 18th the last two days they were up there & was in the charge I expect It was his first time under fire & by jove it was rough.
Hoping you are all well Best wishes & love
Your loving Son
Tom.

[Page 430]
[This two-page spread begins on the right-hand side and continues on the left-hand side; transcribed as it should be read. Some line breaks added to improve readability.]
Dont let this get about & Mum is the word

Surrey
24/8/16.

Dearest Mother & Father,
Hope you recieve all my letters as I have written every day, since arriving in England. I think some may have gone astray from the front, still if it were possible to get a letter away I always sent a line. Occasionally it was not possible to get one away, especially so while we were going to Pozieres and while I was there. I also write to Aunt Florrie at every opportunity They all reckon in the company that I write more letters than anybody else. I have a good idea how pleased you are to recieve a letter
Well everything is going well with me, and as far as health is concerned I could not feel any better as the saying is I am jumping out of my skin. We are having beautiful weather this week, and it is most enjoyable when I take my little walk during the morning. You know what the rich country homes & their surroundings are like. The trees in this ground are magnificent.
Bye the way I think I have written to every friend I have since coming here. I owe a lot, still I had no time to write to them all while over there.
Now be sure & don’t get worrying, as I am doing first rate. I will now tell you all about the raid in which I took a very active part. I will enclose a clipping from a London paper giving a description of it.
The first knowledge of it we had the Majors of all the companies in the 5th Brigade sent for their N.C.O’s. When we got there we were told they were going to have a raid on the German trenches, and wanted volunteers. I had, previously, always been about the first to volunteer for anything, so I thought I would just hold off for a minute or so. Well it was too much for me, nobody said anything, so I said – "dot me down" and of course most of them followed At all events nearly everybody in the Brigade volunteered of course there were too many (there were only fifty wanted all told including officers) so in turn the Majors were called before the Colonel’s and then they picked them out
There were so many sergeants wanted and there were only two from the 19th picked and I was one & the first at that I was also the Junior Sergeant in the 19th, so I considered it an honour to be picked. You could not have won any money on the picking of me all the same, as all the boys were saying it was a hundred to one on me being picked, so a favourite got in for once

[Page 431]
Well after the team had been picked, General Holmes came & spoke to us, & told us it was an honour to have been picked & said he was sure we would do our job well. We were all got together & went back a bit, and went in for a fortnights training. All kinds of games plenty of exercise Revolver shooting a bath evry morning and so on.
Well the day came round and we were all fit and well. I might tell you the distance between the trenches where we went across was over 400 yds. We blackened our hands and faces and looked dead characters (blood thirsty ones at that. Before the bombardment started we crawled out 300 yds & then waited. They gave them about 10 minutes with the artillery. The square head ever on the alert started the machine guns like mad & they were whizzing alround us like wild fire, but marvellous to relate no body was hit while going over. Our people had it timed & after ten minutes artillery they lifted there fire & that was the offise for us to up and over.
Gee when we up and off you should have seen the flares they sent up (I might tell you these flares are shot from a pistol & go away up in the air & then light. They are very bright and the night is just like day when they go up.) Well a few of the lads in mistake layed down, but the order was not to lie down once we started to run, so I turned my head still running and shouted them to come on which they did immediately.
But while looking round I ran into a shell hole full of water & toppled head over heals, clean over my head, It was full of mud too. I out as quick as I could & kept going & lost practically no distance.
We hopped into their trench & the fun began. Our orders were to take only 4 prisoners & settle the rest. We hooked the 4 lively & then we cleared cleaned em up like a book maker papying out on the favourite. We were to stay there about ten minutes & clean up about 100 yds of trench. We blew up an amunition store & did a lot of destruction to there trench.
Our time was up & we off back. Well going back they whipped the shells in like hail stones. A chap with a prisoner was hit & I had to take charge of the square head. He was in front with his hands up & got plunked through the wrist by his own shells.
One of our Sergeants was killed coming back one officer & 17 others wounded. Gee they put em in We were ¾ of an hr before we could get in. I dont know how the divil the shells missed me.
A peculiar coincidence the night of the raid was the 25 June the day we left Sydney a year before Hoping you are all well, best wishes & love
Your loving son

[Page 432]
[Address side of a Field Service Post Card postmarked October 29, 1916.]
Mrs Hill
"Euterpe"
"Karabar Rd.
Neutral Bay
Sydney
Australia

[Page 433]
[Message side of a Field Service Post Card with printed messages to be crossed out as appropriate. Message reads:]
I am quite well.
Letter follows at first opportunity.
I have received no letter from you for a long time.

[Signature only.] Allan. A. McAulay
[Date] 28/10/16.

[Page 434]
[Two-page spread. The letter begins on the right-hand side and continues on the left-hand side; transcribed as it should be read.]
Surrey
26/8/16

Dearest Mother & Father,
I hope you recieved my letter with the account of the raid, written two days ago. Well I am still in first class health, and the hole has pretty well closed up, although the leg is a bit stiff, but is working off every day. Of course I lengthen my walks each day just a little distance.
The people about here are very very kind to us, and are always bringing Cigarettes tobacco, cakes etc, and stay talking to us for quite a long time.
By jove you would not believe how grand it is to sleep in a nice bed with sheets etc. What a change to just putting your overcoat on & dropping wherever you are on the ground, and having a few hrs nap. I wish the war would end so that I can get home and see my dear old people. These new countries are alright   

[Page 435]
for a time, but after a time you long for your own. Thats one thing when you are over the way fighting you have no time to think of anything.
Bye the way I don’t think I told you how elaborate some of the German dug out were. of course they were the quarters of the officers. One was thirty feet under ground, & was made underneath exactly the same as an ordinary five room cottage. Lined with boards & papered Side board chairs table & all complete (oak) Sleeping room, double bed & all sheets matress etc. Book cases, dinner set. Bath room Electric light You never saw the like.
Of course they were taken from French homes & they thought they were there for ever. But we have driven them to hell & we’ll keep on driving them. It is a fact their officers have to almost shoot ‘em" to make them counter attack. They come in hundreds, but we keep them back & mow them down like wheat.
Hoping you are all well Love & kisses
Your loving Son

[Page 436]
Rollestone
31/10/16

Dearest Mother & Father,
I expect this will be the last mail before Xmas. I wish you all a Merry Christmas and Happy New Year. I only wish that I was there wouldnt we have a great time. Never mind I hope we are there by next Christmas. That will be the time. Fizz eh & plenty of Ale & wine. I might have a chance of spending Xmas at Hallstow If I do it will be great. It is nice & fine today & I went for a long walk through the country lanes. They are very pretty. I hope you are all enjoying good health.
Best wishes & love
Your loving Son

[Page 437]
Rollestone
10/11/16

Dear Mother & Father,
A few lines to let you know I am doing well & feeling first class. I had a letter from Nurse Weaver & will call & see her as soon as I can get down to London.
We are still having plenty of rain. You know those Hughes, who live round Kurraba Rd, well he has just arrived here & was round to see me. I believe Walker Mason is only a few miles from here & will be coming along to see me tonight. In case the photo I posted you went astray I am posting you another.
I am pretty busy so will close
Hoping you are all well best wishes & love
Your loving Son
Tom

[Page 438]
Rollestone,
13/11/16

Dear Mother & Father,
Recieved your very welcome letter. Glad to know you are all well. It is a glorious day today. Exactly like a summer’s day in Sydney. It is a grand change after all the rain we have been getting.
Ask Doss does she know the Picadilly Restaurant. I have had some lovely dinners there & been to a lot of theatres. So you see I am having a good time. I am still Sgt Caterer & likely to be for some considerable time. Yes it was a touch & go whether they took my leg off or not, all the same I was dead against it & would have let "em" know before they did take it off. At all events it is alright now only for a slight limp, which I think I will always have.
Hoping you are all well
Best wishes & love
your loving son
Tom

[Page 439]
[Photograph of Thomas Hedley Hill, signed:]
Your loving Son
Tom
11/12/16

[Page 440]
Rollestone,
19/12/16

Dearest Mother & Father,
I was glad to hear that you are all well. It is getting close up to Xmas. I am sorry to say that I will not be able to spend Christmas Day with Auntie. I have to stay here & look after the Christmas Dinner & New Year Dinner. We will have a good time I am getting poultry fruit nuts etc. There will be plenty of wine on the table. So I will not have too bad a time.
My word it has been foggy lately. Isn’t it rotten & so cold. Today has been a glorious N.S.W day, beautiful sunshine, only there is plenty of snow on the ground still. I am still unfit for active service. i think the square heads will turn it up before six months. They can’t stand the boys coming at them in the winter.
Remember me to all my friends, as I am kept busy & cannot get much time for writing
Hoping you are all well best wishes love & kisses
Your loving Son
Tom

[Page 441]
Rollestone,
23/1/17

Dearest Mother & Father,
Recieved your very welcome letter written on the 6 December. I am doing well & as you see still in England. It is very cold here. and always raining.
I was up to London from Friday last until yesterday. I had a very enjoyable time. Miss Astin & I went to the Theatre on Saturday night. Mark Hamburg was one of the performers. He plays lovely. I had just got off the train at Waterloo when the big explosion took place. It made some noise I can tell you. The chaps about surprised me they were rushing everywhere, saying the Zepps were here. It took me ¾ of an hr before I could get a taxi to venture out to take me to the Grafton Hotel. The theatres & restaurants are always packed in London. They all seem to have plenty of money.
News is scarce but I am feeling well & hope you are all the same. Good luck
Best wishes & love
Your loving Son
Tom

[Page 442]
16/6/17

Dearest Mother & Father,
Probably you have recieved a letter from Miss Astin, telling you I had left for France again. If I had taken her advice I should still be in England. She did everything possible to prevent me coming to France again. I sent you a postcard from Folkstone, telling you I was on my way to the Battalion again. I have been with the Battalion a week now, and have just got accustomed to the rough life again I was very pleased to be at them again.
The square heads are getting jip now. Tell all my friends to address my letters to the Battalion now. You should have been to the send off they gave me at Rollestone. The best affair I have ever been to in my life. They did pay me some compliments. The way the fighting is now I don’t expect it will be long before I am back in Eng again. Will write at every opportunity. Hoping you are all well. Best wishes & love
Your loving son
Tom

[Page 443]
[Envelope]
Mrs A H W Hill
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Rd
neutral Bay
Nth Sydney
N.S.W
Australia

[Signed by censor:] J S McDonald

[Page 444]
25/6/17
France

Dearest Mother & Father,
Just a few lines to let you know I am well & feeling tip top. I recieved your letter and the cuttings. I am glad to hear that you are both well. I knew you would miss Dorothy tremendously. Never mind I may be home this Xmas
Things are going very well on this front, and the swines are getting more than they want.
By jove they gave me a glorious send off at the mess. The best I was ever at. They gave me a fine whisky decanter three bottles in it, one after the style of Jacks, a silver flask & a clock. I have left them with Miss Astin, and if I go under they will be forwarded on to Aunt Florrie, to be sent out to you. I also left with Stans Sister a silver cigarette case, silver fountain pen & a gold wristlet watch. When she comes out you will get them. Miss Astin has been so good to me, I told her to keep the clock. She sends me parcels & papers.
Will write soon. Kind regards to all friends, hoping you are both well Love & kisses
Your loving Son

[Page 445]
A.H.W. Hill Esq
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Rd
Neutral Bay
Nth Sydney
N S W
Australia

[Page 446]
[Envelope]
Mrs A.H.W. Hill
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Rd
Neutral Bay
Nth Sydney
N.S.W.
Australia

[Signed by censor:] F L. Rentoul

[Page 447]
[On the letterhead of the YMCA "On Active Service with the British Expeditionary Force".]
13/8/17
France

My Darling Mother
I hope you have recieved my last seven or eight letters. You will be sorry to hear that I have been troubled with my tonsils the last five days. You remember the attack I had about five years ago This was just the same and lasted four days. You can imagine how pleased I was when it broke. What a relief I am very pleased to say it is all over now, and I feel tip top. I will be back with the Battalion within a few days. I am feeling first class.
I hope you are all well at home, and that Dorothy & Sid have settled down. Everything is going on Satisfactory over this way. It is now over three years since I joined. I did not think we would still be away. I expect there are plenty of 19th men returned to Australia.
Remember me kindly to all my friends.
I hope your leg is not troubling you at all Father.
Hoping you are all enjoying the best of health
Love & kisses
Your loving Son
Tom.

[Page 448]
France
23/8/17

Dear Mother & Father
Recieved your letter dated 7 June, and was very pleased to hear that you were all well. I am back with the battalion after ten days in Hospital with my tonsils. I had a bad time while they were swollen, but for the remaining five days I was well looked after & had a good time Next time I am near a hospital I will have them taken out
Bye the way I heard Captain Linklater is a prisoner of war. It is pretty correct too
I am feeling tip top and as fit as a fiddle. The allies are going ahead well & if the weather will only keep fine, there will be a big difference in two months. I wish we were moving back to Sydney. I have sent my Medal to Aunt Florrie, as it is too risky to send on to Sydney just yet. Will write again soon.
Hoping you are all keeping well
Heaps of love & kisses
Your loving Son
Tom

[Page 449]
[Envelope]
Mrs A. H W. Hill
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Rd
Neutral Bay
Nth Sydney
N.S.W.
Australia

[Signed by censor:] L Jones

[Page 450]
France
29/8/17

Dear Mother & Father,
Recieved your letter written on the 29 June yesterday. Aunt forwarded it on. Was sorry to hear Father was not well. I heard you were not looking to well Mother Dear, now mind and do not overdo yourself. You are doing too much I think, in fact I am sure.
Was glad to hear all the rest of the family are well. I am feeling tip top, and am in great condition.
Everything is going on well, the only thing wer are getting a fair amount of rain.
I was very sorry to hear about Cobcroft. I heard Christmas was back at Neutral Bay. He put a bandage on my leg [at] Pozieres.
Did you recieve the last lot of photographs that Miss Astin sent you. They were not bad I think a good few letters must go astray, or take a trip to the bottom, as I do not get any reply to a lot I post.
Hoping you are all well. Best wishes & love
Your loving Son
Tom

[Page 451]
A H. W. Hill . Esq.
Euterpe
Kurraba Rd
Neutral Bay
Nth Sdney
N.S.W.
Australia

[Signed by censor:] Jones

[Page 452]
France
8/9/17

Dearest Mother & Father,
A few lines to let you know I am feeling tip top, in fact never felt better. I hope you are all very well at home.
We are having plenty of rain, which makes the going a little uneven. Still we carry on very well and the supply system is wonderful;. You would not believe the work could be done so well, the boys work with a great heart.
I expect you feel a bit upset about the Russians but dont worry, as the right boys will not move back. If it takes ten years we will "lick "em". I don’t know what the Russians are afraid of, they have a good amount of Artillery but when you get up to them they are full of course that is too late with the right boys.
Have not seen any of the boys from the Bay lately. My weight is just over fourteen stone and as hard as a rock, and good as ten square heads, any day.
I hope you recieved the photos Miss Astin posted you. Remember me to all friends, Hoping you are all well, Best wishes & love,
Your loving Son
Tom

[Page 453]
16/9/17
France

Dearest Mother & Father,
A few lines to let you know I am well and in first class condition. I hope you are all well at home.
We have been lucky lately as the weather is still keeping fine. I hope it continues. I expect it will soon be getting cold. The crops are all cut in France, and if we are out of the trenches the boys go out and help get the crop in. So besides fighting we are helping them in France in many other ways.
We are going to give it the huns hot and strong before winter sets in. I expect we will have to stick the winter this year, but I think it will end by next winter. I hope so. We have more cannons and shells than them so keep your spirits up.
You should hear the roar of the cannons at present one continual noise. I can tell you I would not like to be on the Huns side. Before it is all over they will be very sorry they ever started.
Remember me to all friends. Kind regards and best wishes. Love
Your loving Son
Tom

[Page 454]
[Transcriber’s note: This page is a telegram.]
4.20
Melbourne 21 1/5 A. H W Hill
Euterpe
Kurraba Rd
N Bay N.S.W

Lance Sergeant Thomas Hill dangerously wounded Will furnish progress report
Base records
5.11

[Page 455]
[Telegram]
Melbourne 28 Free 3.25 pm A Hill
Euterpe Kurraba Rd
Neutral Bay
Now reported Lance Sergeant Thomas Hill admitted third Canadian Casualty clearing station twenty first September gun shot wound compound fracture legs dangerous
Base records
9. am 1st Oct

[Page 456]
[Telegram]
Victoria Barracks 37 2/9 R. P Sec 95 5.30
Rev Waugh
Neutral Bay

B. R. 191 Number 874 Sergt T. H. Hill 19th Bttn died of wounds 22-9-17 Please inform father Mr A. H. W. Hill Euterpe Kurraba Rd neutral Bay reply paid.
Col Sandford
5.55

[Page 457]
[Letterhead of the Military Forces of the Commonwealth, 2nd Military District.]
District Head-Quarters, Victoria barracks,
Sydney, 4th October 1917

Dear Sir,

In confirmation of my telegraphic advice of the 2nd inst. to The Rev. Waugh, It is with sincere regret I have to advise that your Son No. 874 Sergeant T. H. Hill, 19th Battalion, A.I.F. is officially reported to have died on the 22nd of Sep. from the effects of "Gunshot wound-compound fracture Legs, and the 3rd Canadian Casualty Clearing Station.

I am directed to convey to you the deep regret and sympathy of Their Majesties The King and Queen and the Commonwealth Government in the loss that you and the Army have sustained by the death of this Soldier.

Yours faithfully,
A H Sandford
Colonel,
A.A.G. 2nd Military District

Mr A. H. W. Hill,
Euterpe,
Kurraba Road,
Neutral Bay

[Page 458]
No 3 Canadian C.C.S.
B.E.F. France
Sep 25th/17

Mrs C. Hill
Euterpe
Kurraba Road
Neutral Bay
North Sydney
N. S. Wales

Dear Mrs Hill
It is my sad duty to inform you of the death of your Son Sgt Hill 874; 19th B’n, 2nd Aus Div: on Saturday Sep 22 at 2.10 p.m.: I had worship with him a short time before he died & he asked me to write to you giving his love: He was seriously wounded but everything possible was done for his comfort & recovery: His End was peaceful: He will be buried in the Lejssenhoek Cemetery, Belgium:
You have my deep sympathy & I pray that God may Comfort you in your hour of sorrow:

Yours sincerely
A. H. Devon

[Page 459]
[Envelope]
Mrs C. Hill
Euterpe
Kurraba Road
Neutral bay
North Sydney
New. S. Wales
Australia

[signed by censor:] A. H. Devon

[Page 460]
[Envelope]
O.A.S.

Mrs Hill
Kurraba Road
Neutral bay
Sydney
N S Wales
Australia

[Page 461]
Belgium
26-9-17

Dear Mrs Hill
It is with the deepest regret that I write to you about the death of your Son Sgt Hill – I had not known him long but I cannot find words to tell you how sadly he is universally missed – he did his job with great courage & even after being so seriously wounded insisted that his job should be carried out before he himself was attended to – he died a few days ago in the Casualty Clearing Station a few hundred yards from here and is buried close by with many more of his comrades – I have thought you would perhaps like to know that the Company have placed a very neat Cross over the grave which is suitably inscribed –
Please accept my very deepest Sympathy in the great loss that you have

[Page 462]
sustained for your Son was a very gallant & brave gentleman – before he died he asked me to write to you which I do now & have also recommended him for a decoration for his bravery & faithfulness to his duty – I regret exceedingly his untimely death –

Yours Very Sincerely
E. A. Atkinson Capt.
OC "C" Coy
19th Batt
A.I.F

[Page 463]
No3 Canadian C.C.S.
B.E.F France
26th Sept. 1917

Mrs. C. Hill
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Road,
Neutral Bay

Dear Mrs. Hill,

It is my sad duty to inform you of the death of your son, Sergt. Hill, 874, 19th Batt. 2nd Aust. Div. on Saturday Sept. 22nd at 2.10 p.m. I had worship with him a short time before he died and he asked me to write to you giving his love. He was seriously wounded but everything possible was done for his comfort and recovery.
The end was very peaceful – he will be buried in the Lejssenhoek Cemetery, Belgium. You have my deep sympathy and I pray that God may comfort you in your hour of sorrow.

Yours sincerely
A. H. Devon
(Capt. Chap).

[Page 464]
France,
26th Sept. 1917.

Dear Mrs. Hill,

I take this opportunity of conveying my deepest sympathy at the death of your son, Tom. We were sergeants together and intimate friends always, and I have never met a person whom I respected more both as a soldier and a gentleman than Tom, and I am sure all those who knew him had the same opinion.

He died bravely and had already been recommended for another decoration for his invaluable work and example set to his men. Your son is buried in a military cemetery in Belgium not far behind the line, where his grave will be well cared for.

I only wish that I could express on paper my deep sympathy to you, for one whom I loved and honoured so much.

Yours very sincerely
Roy A. Smith Lt.
19th Batt. A.I.F.

[Page 465]
Belgium
26th Sept. 1917

Dear Mrs. Hill,

It is with the deepest regret that I write to you about the death of your son, Sgt. Hill. I had not known him long but I cannot find words to tell you how sadly he is universally missed – he did his job with great courage and even after being so seriously wounded insisted that his job should be carried out before he himself was attended to. He died a few days ago in the Casualty Clearing Station, a few hundred yards from here and is buried close by with many of his comrades. I have thought perhaps you would like to know that the Company has placed a very neat Cross over the grave which is suitably inscribed.

Please accept my very deepest sympathy in the great loss that you have sustained for your son was a very gallant and brave gentleman. Before he died he asked me to write to you which I do now and have also recommended him for a decoration for his bravery and faithfulness to his duty. I regret exceedingly his untimely end.

Yours very sincerely
E.A. Atkinson, Capt.
O.C. "C" Coy.
19th Batt. A.I.F.

[Page 466]
In the Field,
1/10/17.

Dear Mrs. Hill.

Will you please accept my deepest sympathy? Words fail to express to you my sorrow at your loss. Tom was one of the finest examples of Australian soldiers. His fine manly qualities and his pluck, and determination were admired by everyone who had any dealings with him. I loved him – loved him for the example which he set and the courage which he daily instilled into everyone around him.

I would like to tell you that when he was wounded many of his men ran to him and he told them to carry on with their important work. He was brave up to the last and told the men he was still "playing" and still had a "Jersey". How like poor old Tom. In all your grief, Mrs. Hill, you have consolation of being the proud mother of a gallant hero – one who has sacrificed his all for the good of humanity and for our future safety.

When I heard of the disaster I rode several miles to the Dressing or Casualty Station only to be too late. His remains lie near by and the boys of his battalion are carefully looking after the grave and the erection of a suitable cross as a last tribute. His end has come as a very severe blow to them, and his name was passed from one to another all over this great fighting area.

Will you please remember me to Miss Hill? Have written Tom’s Aunt in Oxford also.

With kind regards,
Your sincere friend
Phillip E. Potts.

Capt. & Q.M.
2nd Pioneer Batt.
A.I.F.

[Page 467]
"Cannonmerrie"
Albert Road,
Strathfield.
24th November, 1917.

My Dear Mrs. Hill,

Ever since I heard of your great loss I have been wanting to write to you and yet have feared to do so, lest I make the wound sore by any touch. But you are a brave woman or you would not have had so brave a son. My last letter from my boy mentions your boy, so I will just transcribe his words:-

"Mrs. Hill’s son, was killed, or rather died of wounds, about a week ago; he is buried in a cemetery by the Canadian Hospital at Krommenboon about two miles south of Popperinghe. He was one of the best, liked by all men in the Battalion, and is spoken of as the bravest".

My dear friend, you may be proud in your grief, for men judge each other with strict impartiality, and what they love and admire is worthy. I need not say how deeply I sympathise with you, and I know God will comfort you as you have tried and have comforted others.

With kind remembrances to your daughter, and love to yourself, the Mother.

From another Mother,
Marianne Rylands.

[Page 468]
Commonwealth of Australia

Dept. of Defence.
Base Records Office, A.I.F.
Melbourne. 27th March, 1918.

Dear Madam,

It is with feelings of admiration at the gallantry of a brave Australian soldier who nobly laid down his life in the service of our King and Country, that I am directed by the Honourable the Minister to forward to you, as the legatee of the late No.874, Sergeant T. H. Hill, 19th Battalion, Australian Imperial Force, the Bar to the Military Medal which His Majesty the King has been graciously pleased to award to that gallant soldier for conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty while serving with the Australian Imperial Expeditionary Force.

I am also to ask you to accept his deep personal sympathy in the loss which, not only you, but the Australian Army has sustained by the death of Sergeant T. H. Hill whose magnificent conduct on the field of battle helped to earn for our Australian soldiers a fame which will endure as long as memory lasts.

I shall be obliged if you will kindly let me know whether it comes safely to hand by signing and returning the attached receipt slip.

Yours faithfully,
(Sgd.) J.M. Lean.
Major,
Officer i/c Base Records.

Mrs. A. Hill,
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Road,
Neutral Bay. N.S.W.

[Page 469]
Commonwealth of Australia.

Dept. of Defence.
Base Records Office, A.I.F.
Melbourne. 20th May, 1918.

No.1825

Dear Sir,

I have much pleasure in forwarding hereunder copy of extract from Second Supplement, No.30424, to the London Gazette dated 11th December, 1917, relating to the conspicuous services rendered by your son, the late No.874, Sergt. T.H. Hill, 19th Battalion.

Awarded a Bar to Military Medal.
"His Majesty the King has been graciously pleased to approve of the award of a Bar to the Military Medal to the undermentioned non-commissioned officer:-
No.874 Sergeant T.H. Hill."

The above has been promulgated in Commonwealth of Australia Gazette, No.66 dated 2nd May, 1918.

Yours faithfully,
(sgd) J. M’Lean. Major.
Officer i/c Base Records.

Mr A.H. Hill,
"Euterpe"
Kurraba Road,
Neutral Bay. N.S.W.

[Page 470]
[Private Amos Walter Hillier, regimental number 6/1872, was born in Sutherland, NSW, but was working as a labourer with the Westport Coal Company, Denniston, New Zealand when he joined the New Zealand Expeditionary Force. He served with the Canterbury Infantry Battalion in the Dardanelles and Egypt. He was wounded in the thumb and eye in August 1915, was admitted to the 1st Australian General Hospital in Heliopolis, and was discharged medically unfit on 9 May 1916. His next of kin was listed as his brother as W. J. Hillier, Coolgardie, Western Australia.]
To Charles Soloman,
27 Smith St, Rozelle.

6/1872 Pvt A.W. Hillier
18th Canterbury Infantry
New Zealand Exped. Force
Egypt.
17/10/15

Dear Charlie,
Just a few lines hoping to find you all in the best of health as this leaves me at present well Charlie I hear that young Victor has inlisted and I hope that I will meet him over here I don’t suppose you are thinking of joining yet a. I think I will be going back to the front on Tuesday next 20th.
I think if you take it all through the firing line is better than knocking about camp you don’t get messed about so much of course you stand more chance of stoping one but I was there for about 12 weeks befor I stoped one last time so I wasn’t so bad and I might be just as long next time and I had a pretty good time there last time I was sniping so I can tell you I had plenty of shooting and some pretty good targets to.
Well Charlie I hope I could have Xmas in Sydney. I suppose you know that Bill put his right shoulder in front of one but it wasn’t bad it only made a nice little hole.
Well Chas. I think I have told you all this time hoping to hear from you soon
I remain your Old Pal
Walter

[Page 471]
[Sergeant Harry Gordon Hodges, No 4304, a bookseller of Artarmon, NSW, joined the Army on 13 September 1915 at age 21, and embarked from Sydney, NSW, on board HMAT A6 Aeneas on 20 December 1915. Served with the 54th Battalion in Egypt and France and returned to Australia 20 October 1918.

Letters to A H Spencer of Angus & Robertson Limited, where Sergeant Hodges had been employed: written from Egypt describing the voyage and observations of life there; from hospital in Birmingham, England, thanking Spence for the gift of "Ginger Mick" by C J Dennis; and from France. Includes memo from Angus & Robertson regarding this gift of letters to the Mitchell Library.]
[On a memorandum form from Angus & Robertson Ltd., 89-95 Castlereagh Street, Sydney.]
12-4-16

[To] Mr H. Wright
Mitchell Library

Dear Mr Wright

You may like to have the enclosed for the library; it seems to me to have some good Australian touches.

A.H. Spencer

[Page 472]
c/o The Staff
Detention Barracks
The Citadel
Cairo
5/2/15

Dear Mr Spencer

This is the first time I have ever been in gaol, but in this case I happen to be in as a warder and not as a ward; in other words, I am a drill sergeant attached to the above building. You remember how we used to love the M.P.S. at Liverpool? Well that is my present rating – I am attached to the Military Provost Staff Corps of Egypt; though mind you it was not of my choosing. Six of us sergeants from 3 different companies were detailed for the job and we just had to take it, and the position is not so bad after all. Now that I have got used to it I rather like it, even though we have longer hours and only have leave once in four weeks. But then, who wants to leave in this hole. Cairo is like Sussex Street on a wet day.

First, how did we get to Cairo? Of course you know we left Sydney with a cargo of A & R’s books on board, for which by the way I have to thank you, and after three days of jippy weather we had a level voyage right through to Port Suez where we disembarked. It took a devil of a while to get out of sight of Australia even though we touched at no ports and the experience has given me a better idea of the

[Page 473]
size of our country. Then when the last of ’Stralia faded away we settled down to days of travelling with no land in sight at all. The voyage then became about as lively as a headache; there was not a vessel passed us for about ten days. But at last, just as we neared the Red Sea we began to sight small coasting vessels, and one glorious night we passed three vessels who signalled to us in Morse, and thus we learnt of the sinking of the "Persia". Our wireless received no messages except official ones and so whenever a boat passed us we lined the bulwarks, boat-deck, and rigging (though this last was strictly prohibited, to which prohibition the polite Orstralian said "[dash]s") and signals flashed backwards and forwards, with those experts amongst us reading out the news to a hungry crowd.

When we at last got to Port Suez we let them know that Australia was there, and woke up all the shipping including some warships into spasms of Morse talk. The boys had little sleep that night and neither had

[Page 474]
the harbour side. Any bum-boat that was foolish enough to come alongside got a warm reception from various abandoned goods. Then next morning we were taken to the Port itself, which is large enough to turn a boat round in. Sydney has some harbour believe me. As we were making for the port for we passed a Red Cross boat which was lined by convalescents by who cheered us like a foot-ball match. Then some wit evoked a roar of laughter by yelling "What do you think of our harbour?" I tell you Port Suez had some very caustic remarks made regarding it’s appearance and perfume.

Then we landed company by company and were entrained on a narrow gauge dog-kennel, Gentlemen of the Light horse going 1st class and first to move off; men of the infantry travelling 3rd class and last to go. Our train journey took place amongst a lot of sand across which I kept excepting to see a bathing party make it’s way. But theres no Manly or Coogee flappers here. I can’t imagine any of this female species doing the block.

The Suez Canal with ships moving up and down is plainly discernable from the

[Page 475]
train. Between it and the railway line, which, by the way is as straight as a Melbourne street, is the fresh water canal used for irrigation purposes and I must admit that this sand when well watered produces very green, rich returns. The oasis are exactly as one imagines them and so are the date palms, and the sand, and the mud-huts, and the niggers. Indeed the most surprising thing about Egypt is that it looks so like its photos. The train goes very slow – I believe the engineer is in league with these Arabs who run alongside the carriages "bakshishing" like phonographs. Every now and then the train pulls up at a one-camel station whilst the engineer considers the advisability of proceeding. At a couple of stations we didn’t stop and on one of these I saw Rowley standing. I bawled out to him but we were past the light (it was dusk) before he had time to look up. We detrained at Zeitoun and marched to Heliopolis where a lot of Australians are and there I spent about five days, when we were suddenly told to report to the Superintendent of the Citadel with 1 days

[Page 476]
rations, a rifle, bayonet and web belt. My days rations were a tin of sardines!

When we got to the Citadel we found no one knew of the Superintendent, that as a matter of fact he had died before he’d been born. At last some genius suggested that there was a Detention Barracks in the Citadel owning an a Superintendent and we wondered what the hell we’d been up to. When we got there we found our job was to be drill sergeants for a lot of imprisoned soldiers. We are in rooms with a separate mess waited on by a Sudanese, and as we have the finest view of Cairo it is possible to get, well, why complain?

They say Egypt belongs to the British, but it’s a mistake. The Australians own it. I believe when our first lot landed there wasn’t a nigger game to walk on the foot-path and though they walk there now, none of them ever get in the way of the Australian Hes got them thoroughly bluffed! They hang on to the English soldiers like a limpets but if we yell "no!" at them, they say "all right Australia" and we have no

[Page 477]
further trouble. They seem to be under the impression that there are millions more of us back in Australia and I always let them think it, as there is less chance of any trouble whilst the natives think there are plenty more hordes of us demons. If we are sitting in a tram it is ten to one the conductor will say "Australia velly good"; the average tram fare here costs 2 milliems which is exactly ¼ d for a section equally the length of Sydneys section.

I am simply spilling over with impressions of Cairo which I want to write down, but I must reserve something for a future letter, so here is the end of this one.

I hope business hasn’t slackened too much at the shop, and especially in the S-H; and of course you will remember me to Mr Robertson and all the hands, to say nothing of the ladies?

With kind regards to yourself and Mrs Spencer
I Remain
Your Sincere Friend
(Sgt) Harry. G. Hodges A.I.F
No 4304

If possible will you send a copy of this to my folks?

[Page 478]
Letter from Sergt. Hodges received 22/2/17

1st Southern Genl. Hospital
Birmingham. Jan 10. 1917

Dear Mr Spencer,

Only a couple of days ago I sent you a post-card view of Birmingham and to-day as though it was an answer I received from the firm a copy of "Ginger Mick". I have already read it and it is now going the round of the ward amongst other Australians, Tommies, N. Zealanders and Canadians: it’s a great little book and constant giggling continues to arise from the present reader of it, and the line, "My nurse-girl is a bonzer peach" is becoming quite a catch-word. The Tommies are slightly dazzled by the language, especially as I have told them that all the ‘uppah clawses’ speak that way as a matter of habit. I am writing a note to G.R in acknowledgement of it but I suspect you as the one who thought of me. The poems are excellent and as I will shortly go on my furlough I am going to spread Australian Culture amongst the nations here.

The inhabitants here are civilised and wear trousers though I am told in the

[Page 479]
Northern Territory the natives wear short skirts & are less amenable to the advances of the Salvation Army. Their houses are very similar to ours except in that the Sun is so seldom seen they have no use for verandahs. Indeed so valued are the scarce visits of His Majesty, the inhabitants used once to worship his appearance at a place called Stonehenge. So rapidly did this evil practice spread, an army headed by General Booth and accompanied by Bands of terrifying discords became necessary to cope with it. Most of the natives now worship the ‘Pubs’. Joking aside however the Birmingham people are wondrously kind and all soldiers receive a great welcome. Even the scapegoats of the British Army (and that’s us) are made happy here. My relations in Chetenham asked some of their Birmingham friends to visit me and as I am now convalescent I very often return the visit. They have a nice daughter.

Of course you know I have regained my previous rank of Sergt. and as I have not troubled to touch the pay I am in possession of a good credit for my furlough.

[Page 480]
– almost £26. I’m going to have as good a time as I can and see what I can as life is only short at the best of time and theres a few inventions over in France which make it considerably shorter.

Old Fritz is some scraper isn’t he? And although someone trod on his belly t’other day and he grunted out something that sounded like ‘peace’ I think he’ll last for a dam long time yet. Anyway he is confining more of his attention to pieces than to Peace. The little old ‘Stralian army is going on fine and up to date has had a say in all the big scraps and in most of the small ones and is even now sticking it out on the Somme in weather conditions which are making even the acclimatised Tommy do a job. As Dennis says the ‘Stralian & N. Zealanders "have proved the Southern Breed". We’re some nation, believe me! The Canucks are not kept in the thick of things like we are.

A letter from Mother tells me A & R’s are building a new Shop: I hope you get the best windows. Good luck to it and to you –
With Best Wishes for 1917
Harry.
Sergt H.G. Hodges.

[Page 481]
Hodges
O.A.S.

A.H. Spencer Esq,
c/o Angus and Robertson ltd,
Booksellers,
Castlereagh Street,
Sydney,
N. S. Wales
Australia.

[Page 482]
O. A. Service

A. H. Spencer Esq,
c/o Angus & Robertson Ltd,
Booksellers,
Castlereagh Street,
Sydney.
Australia.

[Signed by censor:] A. W. Cooper

[Page 483]
Libel France
(La belle – I don’t think)
29 April 18

Dear Mr Spencer,

Here is the shortest of notes to wish the best of health to you & prosperity to the Dept. Fritz is still going strong over here & shows no disposition to sky the towel so I’m afraid this year won’t see us home. Sometimes when you wander into a French Newsagency you will notice covered up box. The contents are interesting & Mademoiselle will sell them to you without a blush. Here is one of them. The cat seems happy and mind you when a cat walks in water there must be something to make it worth while. But they can have

[Page 484]
all France for a little piece of Australia as far as I am concerned. Sydney will be a welcome sight to me after these villages & towns. If, when I get back I hear anyone expatiating ing on the glories & beauties of La Belle France I’ll hit him on the head with a mallet. La Belle France will always be known to me as Libel France. When amongst the Egyptian Desert Sands I heard we were coming to France visions of beautiful scenes such as Corot painted floated before my eyes. But alas! I was deceived. Months of travel have convinced me that it is very unwise to gather conclusions regarding a

[Page 485]
foreign country from paintings & sketches. The Artist bases his pictures on a passing phase of the day, a combination effect of light & wind position of clouds & of the artist. Unless you take up the artists exact position & obtain that one minute’s ideal combination which inspired him you will probably be disappointed; the colouring becomes drab, the farm house an uninteresting monument of bad design & labour & the picturesque fa[r]m yard a day’s work for the Inspector of Nuisances.

Well here’s to ‘ee
from
Harry
Harry. G. Hodges

[Page 486]
[Corporal Kenneth James Howell, No 1921, a linotype operator from Goulburn, NSW, joined the Army on 18 September 1915, aged 21, and embarked from Sydney on HMAT A37 Barambah on 23 June 1916 with the 55th Battalion. He served in France and returned to Australia on 8 May 1919.]
[On letterhead of the YMCA "with the Australian Imperial Force".]
France 26th May 1918

My Own Dear Mother x

An hour ago I was in a beautiful, 50-yearsold, beech forest. From our camp it looks like a huge green bush, but once amongst it one becomes aware of closely-huddled-together trees of fifty feet in height and two or three feet in thickness. Amidst the stillness of this miniature jungle about 500 of us sang and whistled hymns, and made the "dimanche trinite"

[Page 487]
one never to be forgotten. There is a Tasmanian padre in camp who might easily be another Weldon, and these "stunts" of his are the joys of our convalescent days. The beauty of this forest is grand, although it does not come up to our own woods and scrubs of Australia. Lionel sent me some gum leaves from Katoomba. At night we burned them in the tent, and in the glorious aroma all wished we could float like the smoke, ever so far away to those dear old Blue Mountains or the gullies of the Shoalhaven

France is full of beauty. War has given people the impression that the Republic is a hell, but it is not so – it is full of magnificent flowers and trees and waters and birds.

A concert party in a hall nearby are singing "The Roses of Picardy", and it takes my thoughts back to a month ago when we were fighting in that beautiful Picardy, with its roses, its canals where

[Page 488]
we fished and rowed in true holiday style, and its trees and birds.

I was going to send you some pansies from a chateau where I was sleeping one night, but that night Fritz got the range, and by morning there were only a few burning walls, and the pansy plot was no more. Such is war! But with all its horrors, roses and trees still grow, and the canals flow on, and France still remains glorious. But it is not of the beauties of France that I’m scribbling this scrawl.

I know this will be among your July mail and it is to wish you many happy returns of "the tenth" that I write. O that I could be with you that day to kiss you my wishes! Yet I am not sorry that I am not – nor are you. Really you wouldn’t like me to be there these times (excepting as a returned soldier), would you? Tell me. I am sending a sacred little

[Page 489]
poem that was read in our forest walk to-day:-

To My Mother 1916
(Rifleman Cox)

If I should fall, grieve not that one so weak and poor
As I
Should die!
Nay, though thy heart should break, think only this:
That when at dusk they speak of sons and brothers of another one
Then thou can say, "I, too, had a son,
He died for England’s sake."

[At the bottom of the left-hand page is a drawing of a chess board and a chess piece (king).]
Well, this will be three years away from you, besides the 1911 one when I was in England, but I hope ‘twill be the last one of absence and that next one will be your happiest ever. D.V., we’ll have a great outing that day. I was so glad to know from your letters that you were picnicing and going out a lot. There’s nothing better to drive away loneliness. I have received lots of

[Page 490]
letters from you, although some have gone astray. Most of your parcels, too, I’ve received or else the boys have, which is just as good. I always get your letters before Hillie’s, probably because you post them mail days. Lionel writes regularly, and I’ve had a goodly number from Goulburnites – Joscelyne, Pinn, & Co., besides other New South mail, so I’m a very lucky kid, all things being considered. Your latest letter was March 31st, and parcel of chocs., etc., of same date also is to hand.

Am having a pleasant rest here. Am not so anxious to go back this time. The main reason is that none of the boys are back yet, and they will be all strangers on brigade. Suppose by the end of the month I’ll be there, though. The chess match with the Americans didn’t eventuate owing to the players going away on a mobile ambulance – (the American players). However, am having some first-class games here.

[Page 491]
There is a military church, and we go to services and communion. George Duddle (Gbn.) is in the same tent. He used to teach at Sunday school in Gbn. met one of the boys who from Evan’s shop named McCallum. He is only about 19, but has been up the line and is here wounded. Glad you heard from "Bluey". I haven’t. Lyne is with the Battalion, Toni O’Rourke is still in England, Bill is in hospital in England, and "Pope" McGregor, the other "Post" representative, is in the Training Battalion in Blighty.

There are a couple of journalists here in camp, and we have some great talks of newspaper life in Australia. One is a fine singer. "My Old Shako" and "The Trumpeter", etc., every day, so you see it is not all war news we discuss.

Am sending you a paper knife made out of a German bullet and French part of a French shell case. Rather a tiny remembrance, but

[Page 492]
the wishes that go with it are the richest. Owing to the tax on jewellery I am not sending one studded with diamonds. What, what!

Summer is with us, but as yet not too hot. Will write again to-morrow in answer to letters and a parcel of chocs. of sending date Jan. 20. For now au revoir and God bless you

Your own loving son,
Ken.

[Countersigned:] H I Taylor

[Page 493]
[Envelope]
Soldier’s Letters of Cpl. K. J. Howell

Mrs L. Howell,
Kensington,
Sydney,
N. S. Wales.

[Signed:] K J Howell

[Page 494]
[Envelope]
O.A.S I

Mrs. L. Howell,
Kensington,
Sydney, New South Wales

[Signed:] H Kaye

[Page 495]
[Letterhead of the YMCA "On Active Service with the British Expeditionary Force".]
France
2nd July.

My Dear Mother,

Have sent a few cards lately, but have your letters of April 14, 16, 18, and 22nd unanswered. Also received a letter from Hilda telling me she had been a month in hospital with diphtheria. Bruce Evans sent a long letter, and Adeline said she was going to stay a week-end with you. I see you "have the wind up" in Aussy

[Page 496]
about the war, but you’ll be normal again by the time this reaches you. There is only one to win this game of horror, and we have no doubt as to who the victor will be, no matter how long it takes us to gain that result. Don’t let cable news dishearten you. So glad to know the seasons were good and to read of bright days your way.

I received a number of parcels while I was in the convalescent camp. Glad you received the "physog" taken in Paris and letters of such late date.

Postal arrangements are apparently improving, because even parcels arrive eight weeks after posting. I shall scribble a letter to Joan Quinan. Received her letter and Beattie’s, too
X X X

[Page 497]
Haven’t heard of Bill since he was in hospital in Essex. Lyne is with his battalion. Alan Williams was through here a week ago. He had heard from you. He had been in Blighty since October, so has had a fair spin. Les McCallum, who was with Hilda at Evans’, was slightly wounded. He is only a kid. His brother won an M.M. in our brigade. I wrote to Mrs Roddan some time since.

Sorry you didn’t get my Xmas letter, ‘cause it was a "sonnet" one. Daniels have a farm at Towrang, yes.

Glad you are able to get some good books. I read "The Iliad" also recently. Rather a good book by Ian Hay is "A Safety Match."

Your letter of 22nd also to hand. Billy Hughes is in his glory in London at the moment – repeating

[Page 498]
those patriotic stock phrases and generally gaining notoriety.

Days are hot and windy lately, but nights always cool.

The first night I was in the base I (what soldiers’ say) "came a flat one", which is a camouflaged way of mentioning the fact that one has had the misfortune to fall in for some work. My little job was a picquet till 4 a.m., and after a month of convalescent camp this is most certainly an example of coming a flat one.

However, breakfast and dinner combined next day, and am gradually becoming a soldier again.

I met a C.C.C. lad one day from Manly – J. D. Treharne. He is in the artillery and has been out since 1914.

Another humorous book I must recommend is "Shorty McCabe." (by Sewell Ford). It is similar to O. Henry’s books, which are fine works of modern writings.

[Page 499]
I have been to several French classes, and on Sundays lots of French folk come to the camp, so we are able to practice. Am getting along O.K. and when on leave go to visit one family who have a beautiful place right on the Atlantic shore.

The Rev. Gordon Hirst is in camp, and I will see him one of these days. I thought at first it was not him, but George Duddle met him later. This is a great place to meet home boys, as they all go through here when joining or going back to their battalions. The Fourth of July is to be a great day. All the French

[Page 500]
folk are having a holiday, but I haven’t heard of anything in our camp.

Well, dear mother, there is but little news, so I’ll finish, hoping to write a longer scribble next time. Don’t get down in the dumps. I am all right and well and always lucky.

God bless you. Tons of love and a big kiss from
Your loving son
Ken.
X X X X X

[Page 501]
[Private Warren Hutchings, No 6119, an accountant of Hill End, NSW, joined the Army on 20 June 1915 at age 21, and embarked from Sydney on board RMS Moldavia on 2 October 1915 with the 1st Field Ambulance, 11th Reinforcement. He served at Mudros (Lemnos Island), Anzac Cove, France and England and returned to Australia on 10 March 1918.

Includes a letter from Dorothy Sawell, of Kensington, introducing Hutchings’ letter.]
"Darling Downs"
Kensington
25.9.16

Mr. Wright
The Mitchell Library

Dear Sir,

I am in receipt of your letter of the 23rd Sept. & I will gladly give you the particulars you ask for:
No. 6119 Pvte. Warren Hutchings
1st Field Ambulance
1st Aust. Division
A.A.M.C. A.I.E.F.

I have other splendid letters written by the same person but they contain "personal touches". So I wrote & asked him to write me a letter minus any "personal touches" & I would give it to The Mitchell Library. This he did & sent the letter to England to be posted, & now you have it.

I am
Yours Truly
Dorothy Sawell.

[Page 502]
Letter from
No. 6119 Private Warren Hutchings
1st Field Ambulance
1st Australian Division
A.A.M.C., A.I.E.F.

France
April 22nd 1916

Dear Dorothy

This is a beautiful spring-morning in the battle-line of Flanders where the Anzac Warriors are now upholding the reputation of Australia and of the British Empire.

Just before we left our desert home near the Suez Canal, we were inspected by the Prince of Wales, and he was heartily cheered by our ‘boys’ on his line of route to the trenches.

On arrival in Marseilles harbour our band struck up the Marseillaise, and we were given a hearty welcome by the French Jack tars on the war-ships.

We then travelled by train up the beautiful and historic Valley of the Rhone the railway-line hugs the Rhone, practically to Lyons the principal City in the South of France. The people everywhere gave us a great welcome. All the women and children (there were very few men to be

[Page 503]
seen) waved to us as we passed by, some throwing bunches of flowers in through the train windows.

We arrived at Lyons in the afternoon, and stopped on a railway-bridge which runs through the city and is about thirty feet above the level of the Streets. We all clambered hastily out, and lined the bridge from end to end – people came running from all parts of the town to view the slouch-hat soldiers of Australia – We threw them sunrise-badges for souvenirs, and we received flowers in return.

We journied through the suburbs of Paris the next afternoon, and pulled up at Versailles for refreshments, which was supplied to us by pretty French girls and red-cross nurses. The following day we went through Boulogne and Calais, and then turned South East into Flanders, thus ended a three days journey, through the very heart of France.

All of us are now well acquainted with

[Page 504]
the ways and customs of the people. Also with the long zig-zag of trenches!

Six weeks after our delightful journey – one night, a little stretcher-squad trudged wearily back and forth from trench to aid-post carrying wounded, and alas! many dead and dying – One poor fellow an exceedingly fine chap died just a few yards away from the shelter of the aid-post I was stricken with a great sadness, as I took my hat off and looked down upon his fine noble features still in death, it was drizzling rain, and the world seemed cast down with an exceeding great grief – as the machine guns buzzed and rifles cracked around about.

Next morning – a little band of men encircled a grave with an army chaplain at the head – the clouds had dried their tears and the sun was shining gloriously the birds were singing joyously, and flowers that lined the graves of the fallen, around us, nodded gaily in the gentle breeze,

[Page 505]
a howitzer shell coughed its way overhead and a battle-plane circled slowly in the clouds, like a huge bird of prey – watching and waiting!

We will go back again now to the train and to the Rhone Valley. Two very interested men gazed out on emerald green fields, vinyards gardens and orchards – on old grey castles and towns reposing peacefully on the banks of the river – on a mountain capped with snow which stood majestically over all, and this thought went through the minds of both – "France is indeed a country a man would gladly die to save" – and I am sure that every Australian soldier now in France is fighting with even greater bravery and vigour than he did at Anzac, which made him world famous.

Yours Very Sincerely – Warren.

[Page 506]
[Sapper, later Sergeant, Arthur Robert Henry Joyner, No 67, bookkeeper of Rushcutters Bay, NSW, joined the Army on 18 August 1914, aged 20, and embarked from Melbourne, Victoria, on HMAT A10 Karroo on 20 October 1914 with the 1st Divisional Signal Company. He served at Gallipoli and in France in the 4th Divisional Signal Company. He was killed in action on 4 December 1916 in France.

Typed letter (marked "Copy") from Arthur Joyner to his parents, with handwritten notes identifying it and referring to photographs sent with it.)

To Mr Mrs A P Joyner
R Joyner & Co
Iron founders
Glenmore Road

Tel-el-Kebir,
January 16 – 1916.

My dear Parents

Here I am again still in an ordinary old camp and no fresh news for you. I am sending you with this letter 4 rough prints of troops landing on Anzac Beach on April 25/1915.

I took the photo about 8 o’clock on the morning we landed and it shows just how we came ashore. The Pinnaces bring in a tow of about 4 boats and let them go when about 100 yards from the beach and then each boat has to be rowed in the rest of the way. Note the transport out at sea. Also the man huddled up on the beach. He was the first dead man we saw. One of the posts supporting the aerial of a wireless station can also be seen on the right of the picture and the man in the foreground are some of our signal section and Brigade H. Q. Staff. Don’t get any enlargements or any more photos taken of these as I will send you some decent copies as soon as I get them and I will send the film too.

No other photos are ready yet, I am to get them on Monday. I received Dad’s 29/11/15 letter a few days ago and will answer it next mail.

Good-bye for the present,
from your loving son,
Arthur

See letter in Sun of 27 4 16 about this picture which states 4th Battalion were landing

[Page 507]
[Signaller George Edward King, No 64, bookseller’s assistant of Sydney, NSW, joined the Army on 21 March 1915 at age 23, and embarked from Sydney, NSW, on board HMAT A40 Ceramic on 25 June 1915. He served as a signaller with the 19th Battalion at Gallipoli and in France and was killed in action in Belgium on 28 October 1917.

Includes a note from George Robertson of Angus & Robertson Ltd to William Herbert Ifould, Principal Librarian and Secretary of the Public Library of New South Wales.

Also includes poem and hand-drawn Seasons greetings card and a note regarding receipt of a copy of "The Sentimental Bloke" by C J Dennis.]
[Address side of an envelope with the letterhead Angus & Robertson Limited, and including notes by W H Ifould.]
From Signaller George King.
W Ifould
Public Library

Mr. Wright
I think you might keep Mr Robertson’s letter attached to the soldier’s letters it covers.
W.H.I.
4/1/16

I have acknowledged these by letter
W.H.I.

[Page 508]
[On letterhead of Angus & Robertson Ltd, "Booksellers to the University, the Public Library and the Parliament Library".]
Sydney 3 Jan 1915

Dear Mr Ifould

These are from Signaller George King, one of seven A & R men lent to H. M. King George. Are they worth adding to the collection you are making? You notice that he breaks into poetry!

Yours faithfully
George Robertson

[Page 509]
Gallipoli
Wednesday 6th Oct.

Dear Harry

Im glad to see that you have at last discovered a conscience I thought you were one of those lost soul without any, dont go backsliding but write every mail I have been hoping to see you over here shortly so have not written before my sister told me you were going to inlist.
Never mind Harry this is not much of a place to come to. You ought to see its steep cliffs rising up one behind the other with covered with low scrub and deep winding gullies in between, we will never realize the tremenous job those first men tackled in getting here. 
We’ve been here 7 weeks and have made the aquantance of all the Turkish delights. it was’nt long before we knew all about shrapnel, the day after landing we had to sprint across a flat while they pumped it into us, there were no records broken we were carrying to much weight. loaded up like pack horses.
Its something like this. First you hear it frizzling through the air, when everybody dashes for the nearest Dug-out, an explosion, a pretty white cloud in the sky, and lots of lead whizzling all round you.

We will all be expert navvies by the time we get back. Im sure we’ve used picks & shovels a great deal more than our rifles. and you somehow forget all about the government stoke when the bullets begin humming around

["Government stroke", Australian slang for the deliberately slow pace of work supposed to be typical of government workers.]

[Page 510]
Sing me to sleep where the bullets fall
Let me forget the War and all
Damp is my dug out & Cold is my feet
Nothing but biscuits & bully to eat
Sing me to sleep where the bombs explode
And Shrapnel bursts are A La Mode.
Over the sandbags helmets you find
Corpses in front of you corpses behind

Refrain
Far Far from Turkey I long to be
Where Turkish Snipers cant pot at me
Think of me crouching where the worms creep
Waiting for someone to sing me to sleep

Sing me to sleep in some old shed
Where the fleas are jumping around my head
Stretched out upon my water proof
Dodging the rain drops through the roof
Sing me to sleep where the camp fires gleam
Full of stale bread and "Cafe a L’eau
Somebodies  Dreaming of home & nights in the West
Somebodies hob nail boots on my chest

Refrain
Far from Gallipoli I long to be
Sights of old Sydney I’d rather see
Think of me crouching where the worms creep
Waiting for someone to Sing me to sleep
V E

[Page 511]
At present Im on a Telephone Station, its pretty quite just now most of the fighting goes on during the night. I have not seen anything of Rowley since we landed but I heard he had been wounded in a charge (not serious)

Thanks for all that Shop news I can imagine the self importance of H. G. Hodges. of the second hand dept with new big sign, deck etc. I suppose by the time you get this you’ll all be busy with Xmas stock what about your old S. H. Dept then

I met two old Scout cobbers of yours over here J. George & Johnny Crawford wished to be remembered to you

Give my kind regards to all the boys & the Ladies.

Oh I had a bonza time in Egypt

Yours Sincerely
George King

Thanks for the Verses I remembered them

heres one for you on the other side

Why did’nt you send the sketch of me it was no use showing it to those beggars they dont [u]nderstand ART

[Page 512]
King, G. E

George Robertson Esq
Messrs Angus & Robertson Ltd
Castlereagh St
Sydney
Australia

[Page 513]
[Hand-drawn card from George E King, entitled "Seasons Greetings from Gallipoli. See original for details.]

[Page 514]
[Transcriber’s note: This page is the address side of a postcard, the reverse of the Season’s Greetings drawing on the previous page.]
Gentlemen
Wishing you a most successful Xmas Season
Yours sincerely
George E King

Messrs A & R Ltd
89 Castlereagh St
Sydney

[Page 515]
Tel-el-Kebir

Dear Sir

Just arrived here from the Peninsula. I received the "Sentimental Bloke" at Lemnos on my way over. It was like bumping into an old cobber from home.

I lent it round and the fellows reckoned it was good.

I guess people at home, had a shock when they heard of the evacuation It was pretty hard leaving after all that had been done, I can’t say we were particularly anxious to stay there.

I was there just over four month

I think I’ll remember it mostly by the

[Page 510]
[Two-page spread. The right-hand-side follows on from the previous page, and the left-had-side is the third page of the letter; transcribed in the order in which it should be read.]
miles & miles of trenches, the everlasting climbing of hills & bully beef & biscuits

For the last 3 months we where occupied Popes Post, the trenches were pretty close together and it got that way that we began to feel quiet at home.

Of course there was alway something happening to upset our equilibrium, little trifles like. one night we heard the shrill blast of a whistle from the enemies lines. That kept everybody "Standing to Arms" for about two hours. Nothing happened. Perhaps it was a Turkish corporal trying his new whistle.
Tins had an uncanny habit of rattling & it was wonderful what some fellows could see of a dark night

The bombs used to cause us some real excitement. One in particular (a big shell on a pole about 5 foot hight) you could see it whirling through the air and when it exploded there was something doing.
I remember the first day they started putting them over there

The evacuation was a great success
We must have looked a funny crew getting down those saps to the beach our feet rolled up in blankets, loaded up with all the gear we could carry. I had a good laugh, when a tommy

[Page 517]
Officer who was directing embarkation came along to us and said (he must have thought all Australians mounted) This way 19th Light Horse", and one of the chaps sang out "The 19th Cart Horse you [dash] [dash]
It was so appropriate.

This place (Tel-el-Kebir) is out in the desert away from all civilization a little of which we badly need at present.

Hope you are in the best of health with kind regards to all the Staff
Yours Sincerely
No 64 George E. King
Signaller 19th Bn
5th Bde. A.I.F.

[Page 518]
[Sergeant Edward Rennix Larkin, No 321, of Milson's Point, NSW, joined the Army on 21 June 1914 at age 24, and embarked from Sydney, on HMAT A19 Afric on 18 October 1914. At this time he was the Member for Willoughby in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly. He served with the 1st Infantry Battalion at Gallipoli and was killed in action at Pine Ridge on 25 April 1915.

Postcard and letter written from Egypt to Mr J Stanton of Pitt Son & Badgery, Sydney. The letter refers to the sinking of the Emden (page 530) and gives a detailed discussion of problems in the Labor Party.]
[Covering note headed "On His Majesty’s Service".]
Letters from Sergt. E. R. Larkin.

[Page 519]
[Envelope]
No Stamps available.

Mr. J Stanton,
c/o Messrs Pitt, Son & Badgery,
O’Connell Street,
Sydney,
NSW – Australia

[Page 520]
[Picture side of a postcard, showing a view of Cairo.]

[Page 521]
[Message side of the postcard whose picture side is on the previous page.]
Dear Jim

Just a small note, on the eve of serious work, to thank you for your continuous and interesting letters. The Pyramids are left behind, thank Goodness. Sorry to learn that the Political atmosphere has been so electrical. Hope all well now.

Kindest regards to all
Yours Sincerely
E. R. Larkin.

Mr J Stanton
c/o Messrs Pitt Son & Badgery
Sydney.

[Page 522]
Mena,
Egypt,
13-1-1915.

Dear Jim,

Thanks very much for your extremely newsy letter of 15th Decr. and enclosures. It was especially pleasant to see "Bulletin" par and Hansard excerpt, that is, of course, from a vanity point of view. It is kindness indeed on your part to be taking such an interest in the little chaps. Teddy dearly loves the Pictures. Howard is hardly old enough but, like the great Pitt, "He’ll grow out of that".

If I am to judge from the scanty news received here the Party is hardly as united as it should be. At this time one would imagine the public men would be of one mind; that all questions would be dealt with in the most happy spirit, and that as a result the best thing possible in the circumstances would ensue. But selfishness seems to be the main feature of some – a big some – politicians and it is only to be expected that they should try and glorify themselves even at a trying time like this irrespective of their party or in fact their country. The Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde leader in the "D.T." is hardly fair to

[Page 523]
W.A.H. It is an ill-balanced outburst that makes no allowances for altered circumstances. When I left the Labor Tiger and the Liberal Lamb were lying side by side dreaming blissfully of the joy that was to fall on all and sundry through their tentative friendship. Evidently the inherent antipathy asserted itself very soon, as I note the Government is now playing a lone hand. Sic transit. Hang them all. It would suit a few of them better to be here doing something than there growling at those whose duties are hard enough anyhow.

Good old dailies. They must be hard put to it trying to prove to the producer, who had sold his wheat before sowing at 3/4 per bushel, that Government has robbed him by commandeering it all at 5/-. Still people take notice of them and will continue to do so until the educational system gets its punch properly in. No word of the Labor Daily yet. If it prove as grandmotherly when published as its start has been, it will outdo the "Herald" at its own game. Why, we ran a daily on the "Afric" with a few cases of type and an old hand press.

[Page 524]
and kept 1200 soldiers supplied with the ships intelligence. The Labor movement suffers from its inability to keep step with the soldiers motto "Sharp’s the word and quick’s the motion". That is so mainly because most of the Leaders (?) can think only in the Trades they have grown up in. The objective is ideal, but it can only be reached by the holy trinity of education, personality and unselfishness. The second is almost common enough, the other two are sadly lacking and I sometimes think they will remain so when I see, as you have seen I am sure, the brawling demagogues getting pride of place over the more intellectual but less leather-lunged adherent of the ideal.

I don’t know why I struck off at this tangent except that I am annoyed to read that Lang and Hollis and others seem to be concerned only with sectional interests just now when there is so much to do for all. Their little minds can see only next polling day ahead. They do not, cannon realise that their supporters and, indeed,

[Page 525]
they themselves should manfully accept their share of the hardships that are necessarily associated with the present deplorable circumstances. Surely they don’t expect that we who have given up – I trust only temporarily – our own comfortable homes and all that we hold dear and stepped into the firing line are the only ones to make sacrifices. It is true all have not the physique or stamina to go on service, but all can at least cheerfully accept the altered position into which the war has placed the country. Public men should point the way. The rotters who are thinking only of themselves now will, I hope, be properly summed up by the public when "the day" arrives.

Since writing the foregoing a strict censorship has been again imposed on our correspondence and I am afraid this may never reach you. It is simply annoying to think that one cannot be sure of his letters being delivered. It is said that some thousands of letters have been burnt and that about three hundred thousand

[Page 526]
are detained in Melbourne, perhaps never to be sent out. I am worried as to whether any of mine have reached Mrs Larkin. Since coming here I have written weekly – fairly long letters, too – and have not the slightest idea as whether any of them have got through. As a rule my letters have been purely personal but occasionally I could not resist doing a bit of growl at the way the force is being managed, or rather mismanaged We have been silly enough to think that the Australian Army had been democratised. There was never a greater delusion. Class is everything for advancement. There have been three glaring cases – or rather four – and you can bet that someone will get a rough time over them one of these days. I hope I return so that others may benefit by my experiences. I am not grumbling on my own account; because I am O.K. but it makes me a little fearful of results when I see injustice served up to good men. We

[Page 527]
in the labor movement have been struggling for equal opportunity and recognition of merit in every sphere of existence and we cannot hope for either in the Military world under existing conditions.

I do not propose to go into detail on the mismanagement that is so apparent here, suffice it to say that there would be very few here if the men were free to leave or had anticipated how they were to be treated.

We have not the slightest idea as to our future movements. One minute rumor has it that we are to go to Suez Canal to stay the advance of the Turks, next minute we hear that we will be sent to France at an early date. We are anxious to get busy somewhere because it is on the dreary side here. Tramp, tramp tramp through the sand day after day. We are in good buckle; that is, most of us, and feel fit to do our share in whatever tough work is going. Of course sickness has visited us and I am sorry to have to admit that in many cases that sickness has been the result of what might mildly be

[Page 528]
termed "indiscretion" on the part of the men (?) Cairo is a grossly immoral place and it has frequently made me disgusted to see the way Australians have let themselves loose there. A fair percentage are now paying the penalty.

I have not taken much interest in the historic sights round-a-bout. The fact is I have has practically no time to myself and have also been suffering from lack of funds. I did not make provision for an extended time in a camp and have in consequence found it very hard to rub along on my few shillings a week. Sad to say I have not been able to cash the (2) two money orders sent by Mrs. Larkin. However, we are nearly all in the same box and are mainly amused rather than distressed by our financial difficulties.

Weekly statement may be of interest:-
P.T.
To Mess Funds 31 ½
Extra food (necessary) 20
Washing & Sundries 10
Bath – 2 weekly 10
Smokes &c. 7
Proportion of Monthly Mess subscription 6 ½
[Total] 85

P.T.
By Weekly Allowance 85
[Total] 85

[Transcriber’s note: See original for setting out of this calculation.]

[Page 529]
P.T. stands for Piastre, which is 2 ½ d. I shall be an authority on High Finance when I return.

I am in good form now but have just had a few days in hospital with Colic and Influenza. Sergeant Mitchell whom I think you met has been unfortunate enough to lose his voice and has just been notified for return home. I am hopeful that he will be able to sneak this through for me. It is a great shame that he should break down. He is "one of the best" in every respect and we are all very sorry that he is going home. He may have some difficulty in getting back. into employment and as he is an expert among horses and cattle I am taking the liberty of telling him to call on you in case you may know of any thing that would suit him should he need it.

Yours of Nov 6, 17, 21 and Dec 12 are now to hand, also some deferred letters from Mrs. Larkin. They have been to England and back. There are still apparently some letters missing. Suppose they will come along "one of these days".

The boys were all very pleased to receive your cards and all have asked me to thank

[Page 530]
you for your kindly thought.

We have just heard that the New Zealander have been sent to Suez and feel that we will get our marching orders any minute. We get very very little reliable War News. We had first news of the "Emden". The Sydney "fixed her up" within forty (40) miles of us. As a matter of fact the night before the scrap the Emden was within 7 miles of us thoroughly oblivious to our presence. We were travelling at a slow rate – all lights out. What a bean feast the Emden could have had if she had only known. It was known that she was about as Telefunken wireless messages could be detected but not read. It transpired that she had been in communication with her coal boat. When the Sydney moved away from us she simply flew. At 10 o’clock we knew that she had got into action and about 11 all on board the "Afric" knew that our "Mosquito" fleet had done its first real job well. You can imagine the arguments that cropped up after the excitement had

[Page 531]
subsided. I was called in to settle many a dispute as to who built the Navy and, of course, like George Washington, I could not tell a lie. I am satisfied more than ever that Australia must keep busy in the boat building line and also give some attention to the formation of a decent standing army. We don’t want to fight but we must always be ready and Armies cannot be made in a few months. My experience with this "ragtime" show has taught me that. For any successful body of troops there must be at least a well trained and disciplined nucleus. No one deplores war more than I. Yet it seems that it will always be a possibility and we must get into and remain in a state of preparedness.

Well Jim. old boy. I cannot express my thanks for your kindness in writing so frequently and keeping so well in touch with my dear ones. I hope I shall be able to repay you in some way some day. It may be my fate to never see dear old Sydney again.

[Page 532]
[If] that should be I do hope my little chaps will grow up with a strong sense of patriotism and that they may shew it to the full if ever need be.

Mrs Larkin, in her last letter to hand said she might come to Egypt. How delighted I should be to see her, but for her own comfort I hope she will not make the trip. I might be in France or any where when she arrived here and possibly not have an opportunity of seeing her at all.

Ta ta for the present,
Yours very sincerely,
E. R. Larkin

[Page 533]
[Driver, later Corporal, Leslie Robert Lee, No 9466, a clerk of Crows Nest, Sydney, NSW, joined the Army on 11 October 1915, aged 26. He embarked from Sydney on HMAT A70 Ballarat on 16 February 1916 with the 1st Divisional Train, 14th Reinforcement. He served in France and returned to Australia on 20 May 1919.]
[Address side of an "Active Service" envelope.]
Lee L. R.

373

Mr Geo Blakeman
Parraween St
Neutral Bay
Australia

[Signed:] Leslie R Lee

[Page 534]
France
8.5.18

Dear George

I have just received your welcome letter also parcel of Tobacco. for which I am very thankful for. Thanks Mrs Alfonso for posting same & her luck was in as I received the Tobacco alright.

Things have been just middling here but I hope by the time you receive this letter that we have got them ‘set. As you say George we want men of Brains and I believe it is a thing that the British have missed.

No doubt you are reading the papers about the way things are going.

The French are a wonderful race besides taking over different parts of the line the populace are sticking to it great

[Page 535]
the last few months I have seen families driven from their home time out of number, homes that they have occupied for the last 40 years, but they do not quell or cry they take it as a matter of course & they get a living "somewhere in France". to me George they are playing the biggest part of the war.

The Australians are playing a great part nothing will break their heart & French are just beginning to realise & the Australian to the French at present are great heroes and they just deserve it. Well George I dont want to boast too much about our boys but believe me Australia can be proud of them. At present I am keeping OK. Remember me kindly to Jennie & mr & mrs Lutge & other friends
from
Your Sincere Friend Les

[Page 536]
France
21.9.18

Dear George

I received your very welcome letter dated the 10/7/18 & very pleased to hear that you are both keeping so well.

I believe Auntie is very bad sorry to hear it & I expect to hear the worst any day now.

Glad to hear that you still get your motor trips I have had plenty of late following the troops with rations only we have those big lorries. things are going some now & Fritz is getting well paid back the americans are making quite difference & they are great boys Something like our own boys and not afraid of Fritz our boys have got Fritz bluffed.

All the Originals are going home this week 16 are going from our company tomorrow & by the time you get this letter they ought to all be home in Australia We expect to be going out for a long spell it is about time & I can tell you they get the most out of the Aussies & they are not getting a fair deal.

The slips of paper you sent struck me very funny I would like to have seen the finish

[Page 537]
of the Bos case & I hope you did not concern me with that case of breach of promise.

I have not received your other parcel of Tobacco but expect to get it any time now keeping on sending it, it is good & only decent tobacco we get.

There seems to be a lot of commotion with the anti conscriptionist when this lot gets home they will fix them & you will be having a civil war before long & I would back the Anzacs.

Well George I expect to go on leave to London Monday 30/9/18. going on the coast of England Scarborough & Blackpool how would you like to be going I bet you are jealous

It is wonderful how the Mother keeps I had a letter a few days ago & all seems to be well. Well George remember me to all the friends
Kind regards to both
Les

[Page 538]
on acti[ve service]
Lee, Leslie R

G. B Blakeman Esq
19 Parraween St
Neutral Bay
Sydney
New South Wales

[Page 539]
[Lieutenant Robert Eric Lenehan, an apprentice of Hunters Hill, Sydney, NSW, joined the Army in August 1914 at age 24, and embarked from Sydney on Transport A4 Pera on 26 September 1914 with the 1st Field Artillery Brigade. He served at Gallipoli but became ill with anaemia following dysentery and was invalided home to Sydney, arriving on 17 September 1915. He died on 10 May 1916.

Letters donated by Mr W M N Garling of Longueville, NSW. Letters written by his son, Lieutenant Terence Ward Garling, are also in this collection (pages 314-321.]
Lieut. Eric Lenehan – (Eldest son of Lieut. Coll. R. W. Lenehan. A.F.A. –) – Left Sydney by transport "Peera" – with first Australian Force – having on board some 400 Artillery horses – had with him accompanying officers Lieut. Richards (Senior officer in command) and Lieut. Asher – Lieut. Lenehan was in the 10th (originally 1st) Battery A.F.A. but joined the Brigade Ammunition Column on the breaking out of war and went away with it on active service – was in Egypt for some months and on reembarkment of Column proceeded to the Dardanelles – further movements explained in letter – became ill & for change was sent to Cyprus – his health at last became so impaired that he was invalided home to Sydney –

[Page 540]
P.T.O.
Memo: from W Garling
To Mr Ifould

letters herewith are some written to me by Lieut. Lenehan – If any of them are of interest I will be glad – having his concurrence – if you find them to your purpose – and will suplement any information further if you wish – (The Battery (in query) my son was in before leaving Sydney was the 44th Howitzer – Thank-you for acknowledgement of his letter left with you and for typed copy

[Page 541]
My son went away in Transport Argyllshire –

[Page 542]
[Envelope]
A.I.F.

Mr Garling
Burns Bay Rd.
Longueville
Sydney
N.S.W.
Australia

From Eric Lenehan

[Page 543]
Pera A4.
15.11.14

Dear Mr Garling

I received your letter in Melbourne thank you very much for writing to Mr Campbell. I saw him the day we arrived in Melbourne and he placed everything at my disposal. in fact he did everything that was possible for him to do. I had a splendid time in Melbourne, that stay there saved most of our horses. I was very short of men & could not exercise them as much as I would have liked, my greatest difficulty was the want of halters they used to bite them through, half of them were let out and driven round the yard for 2 hours the other half in the afternoon I had 70 men altogether.

I have lost one horse since leaving Melbourne Mr Richards has also lost one. Terry horse

[Page 544]
was in a very bad way last week, the head [Transcriber’s note: should read "heat".] affected him very much I thought we were going to lose him but one cool day saved him. The horses on this ship are doing very well indeed. we have plenty of room for exercising all horses are exercised every day. We take out about 16 horses at time led one round and make the rest follow they are quite used to it now, in fact they look forward to having a run round

The weather so far could not have made better for us smooth sea all the way since leaving Albany. We had great sports in honour of crossing the Line I was one of those committed to the deep. I don’t think I enjoyed an afternoon so much; it ended up by putting Neptune & his court in too. I saw Terry at Albany, he was very well. I suppose your have heard of the sinking of the "Emden" by the "Sydney". The Sydney passed along the line at daybreak this morning

[Page 545]
it was just light enough to see her, we sleep on deck during the hot weather, wake up in the morning and find your bed wet through, it rain on average about twice a day since crossing the line.

Remember me to Mrs Garling and Pat. Tell Pat I hope to hear from him as letters from friends as very welcome. I will write to Frank McNeil to day if I have time we anchor about lunch time.

Yours sincerely
Eric Lenehan.

[Page 546]
Mena Camp
Egypt
27/2/15

My dear Mr Garling

I received your long letter of Jan 24th. Letters from our friends at home are very welcome and I can tell you they read and reread a good few times. we get a mail from Australia every two weeks, it takes us two weeks to answer them.

Those who don’t receive any letters are very disappointed I am surprised you have not received any letters from Terry for I know he writes every mail, because I have been riding with him on Sundays (mail day) and we always returned early to write letters. I am afraid he has mentioned things about the movements of troops and they have been stopped in Australia. I could at this present moment give you some very interesting news about the movement

[Page 547]
of troops but if I did most likely you would not receive this letter. If one can take any notice of rumour this is the last letter I shall write in Egypt for a while, we must move very soon now as our training is finished. The 1st F A Bde received great praise from General Owen. This general was in command of F A. Bde in the early part of the war and he gave us a very interesting lecture on the great retreat from Mons, this retreat lasted nineteen days their average sleep was about 2 ½ hours a day.

Old Tommy is in great fettle worth no end of money to me, he is a magnificent horse on parade know all the words of command goes 10 hrs proper place without guiding him, the most essential thing of all is that he will march in a straight line. I having been trying since I have been here to get another horse, I have had three now but none of them suite me. I got one last week from the reinforcements

[Page 548]
very sturdy little mare. I havent ridden her myself yet, they first day she had the saddle on there was a bucking match. I will ride her tomorrow she has improved a lot and beginning to build up a bit. I wish I had Shot or my with me, most of the men have pet such as dogs, monkeys, rabbits & a donkey.

We are very cut up about the things that are said about the Australian troops here in Egypt the whole force must not be blamed for the doings of a few and very few at least if we could only find the writer, it would go very hard with him. The Artillery here think too much of their good name and it hurts them very much. when they get leave, they are inspected by an officer and marched out of camp by a Sergeant you can always tell an artillery man by they way he turns out.

The whole of the Artillery division had it photo taken it was a great

[Page 549]
sight, we are sending a photo home to our mess in Sydney. After that all the officers were taken at the foot of the Pyramids.

I am sorry to hear that you have been troubled with rheumatism and it was very good of you to write me such a long letter. With best wishes to Mrs Garling and Pat tell her not to worry about Terence as he has put on a stone since he arrived here and he is looking very well.

Yours sincerely
Eric Lenehan.

P.S. Mother wrote to me and told me about Joe’s ride to Piton it was rather plucky of him to take on along ride like that by himself How the youngsters would like being here riding on the donkeys & camels, they would be very amused at mounting a camel.
R.E.L.

[Page 550]
[Envelope]
From Eric Lenehan

Mr. Garling
"Angledene"
Burns Bay Rd
Longueville
Sydney
Australia

Recd 31/3/15

[Page 551]
[Envelope]
Received 5th August 1915

Trench Hymn

Mr. Garling
"Angledene"
Burns Bay Rd.
Longueville
Australia.

[Page 552]
[This page includes, at the top, the final few words of the six-page letter:]
of men here in Egypt they will realize it when the first ship arrive’s home with them. The casualties have been very heavy. Remember me to Mrs Garling and Pat hoping they are in good health
With kindest Regards
Your sincerely
Eric Lenehan

Men[a] Camp
Alexandria
7/6/15

My dear Mr. Garling.

It was a great pleasure to receive your letter dated 4/4/15 it only reached me yesterday, it was the first letter I have received for nearly eight weeks and it was like water in the desert. You will be surprised to hear we are I am still in Egypt. My brigade left Mena on 5th April Monday embarked on the "Indian" A16 and  on Friday left Alexandria on Saturday after about seventeen days in Mudros Bay, Lemnos Island, the whole fleet made a dash for Gallipoli Pen. after some hours steaming we arrived off the coast at daybreak just dark enough to see the

[Page 553]
the flashes of the big guns from the navy. What a sight it was never to be forgotten. The infantry from the transports were being loaded into destroyers and a long line of them about severn in all made for the beach at Kaba Tepe. When the got close to the shore, the Turkish machine guns began to speak and things were looking very nasty for us, but our men threw off their packs jumped into the water with fixed bayonets and made a famous charge which will go down in the History of Australian Arms. It makes one proud to be Australian what more an Australian Soldier. Of course the Artillery did not get ashore for a couple of days later as there were no places for guns as the country is very difficult and then they were only used as shot guns the use of ammunition was very great

[Page 554]
My brigade did not land some guns of the 2nd and first batteries went ashore but were sent back. A fleet of Transport made some feint landing at the head of the Gulf of Xeros we all embarked in ships boats to draw the fire from the forts that were previously destroyed by the navy. At one place we did draw fire, some of the shell were very close, the destroyers who were towing the boats got out of range as quickly as possible then the navy steped in but it only lasted for half an hour just a little afternoons sport. We returned back to Kaba Tepe and from there ordered to Cape Helles where our the first brigade was landed and has been in action ever since. The Amn. Column after some days cruising about between Kaba Tepe and Cape Helles

[Page 555]
waiting for a landing which did not come off as there was no room for us at Cape Helles and our horses were beginning to show signs of breaking up so after thirty days in Aegean Sea they ordered us back to Alexandria much to our disgust we landed in Alexandria after thirty six days "Cook’s Tour" as we call it but we have seen some wonderful sight shell droping all round our ship 100 close to be nice caught like a rat in a trap.

Back in Alexandria seems to have taken all the heart out of the men they only thing that bucks us up is any day we might be sent for either to supply casualties or our proper job ammunition I would never come away in an Amn Column again if they gave me the rank of General

[Page 556]
You will know before you get this letter that Terence had much the same kind of Tour and was sent back to Alexandria but has since been sent back to the Dardanelles in fact all the officers, that is subalterns have been seen to make up the casualties in the 2nd and 3rd Brigades, our brigade so far as officer’s are concerned have not suffered at all 2 officers wounded Jack Playfair – Olding slightly. Playfair very luckly shell landed six inches from his face but didn’t explode only threw up dirt and stones into his face I don’t think it will diffigure him at all. He has not been with his battery at all he was observing for one the warships "Buchanti" at Kaba Tepe.

[Page 557]
At last we have received our mail after chasing us about you can notice the difference in the men at once they are all cheerful again they seemed to have got a new lease of life. I hope we don’t stay here much longer, of course it not hot we have a continual breeze from the Sea, we are camped almost in the Sea, and swimming of horses and men is the only redeeming feature about the place we want to be in the thick of it with the rest of our brigade not having a good time mere.

By letters and papers I hear you have had rain "What is rain" I have forgotten what it is like. I wish you could send me some in a bottle.

I seen there is a big fund for the Belgians Well I think charity begins at home who is going to keep our own men who have been wounded and will not be able to earn a living and there are thousands and thousands

[This letter concludes in a note at the top of page 552.]

[Page 558]
Alexandria
5/7/15

My dear Mr Garling

You will see by the above we are still in Alexandria this delay and waiting about is getting on every bodies nerves we get very little news of any kind but they seem to have forgotten there is such a thing as an Ammunition Column to draw both men and horses from in our Brigade they are taking them from reinforcements first from Australia left us out altogether both officers and men but still they are keeping us up to full strength and equipment if any goes wrong with our men or horses the man is sent to hospital and immediatly replaced with the horses they are replaced by mules. Our men didn’t like having to take mules in fact we had some trouble of it we got over them somehow and they are taking quite kindly to

[Page 559]
them. We have some fun with bucking mules, sorry to say my best ride in fact best rough rider I seen got a very nasty bump after having been ridden to a standstill sent his great head round and knocked my man out in hospital for a week.

Havnt heard any new of Terry at Gallipoli if we don’t hear any news well then he is all right.

The latest from the trenches known as the daily hymn of hate
Blast the Germans
[Blast the] Huns
[Blast] their ships
[Blast their] guns
[Blast their] fleets
[Blast] the Turks as well
[Blast] the blasted lot to hell.

Alexandria is a very slow place, go to see the races whenever we can nothing like ours not the same amount of interest taken or such gay scenes on our race course the horses are only ponies

Give my kindest regards to Mrs Garling & Pat
Yours sincerely
Erid Lenehan

[Page 560]
[Envelope]
Recd 16-7-15

Mr. H. W. M. Garling
"Angledene"
Burns Bay Rd
Longueville
Sydney
Australia

[Page 561]
[Envelope]
Received 4th Octr 1915

Mr. W.M Garling
"Angledene"
Longueville
Sydney
Australia

[Page 562]
No 4 Convalescent Home
Alexandria.
30/8/15.

My dear Mr Garling

I received your letter of 25/7/15 just one month old. I am very glad to hear that you are well also Mrs. Garling and Pat, by the was I also received a letter from Pat which I will try and answer this mail.

Since I last wrote I have had a rather severe attack of dysentery, as a matter of fact I have still got it nearly 3 months of experiment of different doctors I am getting tired of it so I am going to ask for a Medical Board they must either send me back to duty or home it is no use hanging on any longer I might destroy my health for life.

I was twice in hospital, the first time

[Page 563]
they sent me out too Soon and I was back again in less than 4 days worse than ever then after 3 weeks they sent me to a convalescent camp in Cyprus. Cyprus is a beautiful place but very hot just near Egypt but the Camp is placed on the mountains 6000 ft above sea level Mt Troodos is overshowed by Mt Olympus which is 400 feet hight In the middle of the day it is quiet hot, but at night rather cold you generally want three blankets. Cyprus is noted for its wines, grapes are very cheap, but beef is beyond anything I have ever eaten I think I would rather eat wood than beef. The journey to Troodos is taken in motor cars from where we landed it is 34 miles once you get inland and begin the mountain climb there are 910 turns in the road, in the turns there is only enough room for the car to swing round, the driver has to make one mistake they a drop of some hundreds of feet straight drop

[Page 564]
After 5 weeks in Cyprus I asked to be sent home or back to Alexandria well now they have sent me to a convalescent home a magnificent private residence, the lady in charge is the mistress of the house every thing is of the very best beautifully situated near the sea about 2 miles out of Alexandria.

Terry has gone across to the Dardanelles has been there now for some time and is doing well I am sorry to say I can’t give you any definite news except that he is quiet well of course in Artillery we are pretty safe if we take ordinary measures of safety. So far our casualties have been very few.

I hope Mrs Garling & Pat are in the best of health and I will write to Pat as soon as possible.

Yours sincerely
Eric Lenehan

[Written sideways, in the left-hand margin of the page:]
P.S. I am glad to see there is some good news from Gallipoli this morning that we have got right across & are cutting off the Turks communications and supplies. The best news we have had yet
R.E.L.

[Transcribed by Peter Craswell, Barbara Manchester, Lynne Palmer, Lyn Williams for the State Library of New South Wales. Biographical notes by Barbara Manchester]