Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales

Abel Tasman - Journal titled `Extract Uittet Journael vanden Scpr Commandr Abel janssen Tasman, bij hem selffs int ontdecken van't onbekende Zuijdlandt gehouden', 1642-1643
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Extract from the Journal of the Skipper Commander Abel Janssen Tasman/ kept by himself in discovering the unknown Southland.

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Aug Ao. 1642
Journal/ or description by me Abel Janssen Tasman of a voyage made from the town of Batta. in East-India/ concerning the discovery of the unknown Southland/ in the year 1642 the 14: August/ May it please God almighty to lend to this his blessing - Amen.

Today 14th August Ao. 1642:
Set sail from the roads of Battavia with our two ships/ to wit the yacht Heemskercq/ and the flute the Zeehaen/ the wind north.east with good weather/ today in the evening the Zeehaen ran aground near the Island of Rotterdam/ at night got off again without notable damage/ and we continued the voyage to the Straits of Zunda/

Today 15th do:
Towards evening went to Mr Sweers/ who was on the yacht Bredam/ from whom we understood that at Bantham Point there lay at anchor a quelpaert coming from home/ At night anchored off Anjer in 22 fathom/ where we have put our ship in order/ as it was lying in such a disorderly state that it was impossible to put to sea in her –

Today 16th do:
The wind Northeast & steady breeze the current is running fast out of the Straits of Zunda/ At night we weighed our anchors with the wind blowing from the land and set sail/ shaped our Course so as to pass between the Prince Islands and Cracatouw –

Today 17th do:
In the morning we had the Prince Islands Southwest Cracatou Northwest by North of us the wind

South East our Course Southwest/ In the afternoon had the Southern most of the Prince Islands East Southwest of us 5 miles had the Southern latitude of 6 degrees 20 minutes/ longitude 124 degrees:/ in the afternoon drifted in a calm/ in the same it was resolved that from the town of Sunda we shall sail 200 miles Southwest by west/ as far as the Southern latitude of 14 degrees from there turn to West South West as far as the southern latitude of 20 degrees, from there turn to west as far as the Island of Mauritius.

Today 18 do:
Estimated latitude 6 degrees 49 min. the wind Southeast with good weather/ course kept Southwest by west as resolved on 17th in Council and sailed 13 miles at night heavy rain with thunder and lightning.

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Today 19 do:
At noon observed latitude 8 degrees 38 mi. longitude 120 degrees 35 mi. sailed 36 miles/ course kept by estimation Southwest by west/ but find ourselves more to the south/ the wind Southeast by East top-gallant breeze declination 3 degrees northwesterly.

Today 20 do:
At noon observed latitude 10 degr. longitude 118 degr. 30 minutes the wind Southeast by East/ top-gallant breeze. Course kept Southwest by west/ sailed 36 mile/ good weather/ that with smooth water.

Today 21 do:
At noon observed latitude 11 degr. 12 min. longitude 116 degr. 42 mi. the wind Southeast/ top-gallant breeze/ course kept Southwest by west and sailed 32 miles/ Saw many birds/ estimated to be in the longitude of the Cocos Islands/ declination 5 degrees northwesterly.

Today 22 do:
At noon observed latitude 13 Degrees 31 min. longitude 114 degr. 40 m./ the wind Southeast top-gallant breeze. Course kept Southwest by west/ and sailed 36 miles.

Today 23 do:
At noon observed latitude 13 degrees 57 mi. longitude 112 degr. 23 m. the wind Southeast with a steady breeze/ course kept Southwest by west sailed 40 mile the sea still running high from the Southeast and South Southwest.

Today 24 do:
At noon observed latitude 14 degrees 29 minutes longitude 109 degr. 41 minutes the wind Southeast with a steady breeze Course kept west by South/ & sailed 40 miles.

Today 25 do:
At noon observed latitude 15 degr. 13 min. Longitude 107 degr. 20 m. the estimated latitude 15 degr. the wind southeast with a steady breeze course kept west south west/ slightly westerly and sailed 38 miles declination northwesterly 8 degrees 20 m.

Today 26 do:
At noon observed latitude 16 degrees & longitude 205 degr. 12 m. the estimated latitude 16 degr. 7 minutes the wind South Southeast top-gallant breeze course kept west Southwest/ slightly westerly and sailed 36 miles declination 11 Degrees.

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Today 27 do:
At noon observed latitude 16 degrees 40 min. longitude 103 degr. 32 min. the wind Southeast/ then in the evening East/ light top-gallant breeze Course kept west Southwest & sailed 26 miles declination 12 degr. 30 min.

Today 28 do:
At noon by estimation in the Southern latitude of 17 degr. 7 min./ and the longitude 102 degr. 22 min. the wind variable with dark sky/ course kept west Southwest and sailed 18 miles.

Today 29 do:
At noon estimated latitude 17 degr. 50 minutes and Long. 100 deg. 34 m. in the afternoon variable winds in the first watch/ three glasses having passed then we got the wind South South East again/ top-gallant breeze/ course kept west South west/ and sailed 28 miles.

Today 30 do:
At noon estimated latitude 18 degrees 51 min. longitude 97 degrees 58 min. the wind South east with light showers Course kept west South west & sailed 40 miles. About noon the Zeehaen broke her sprit-sail yard.

Today Ult. do:
At noon estimated latitude 19 degrees 55 min. longitude 95 degr. 14 min. the wind South Southeast irregular with Rain. Course kept west South west and sailed 42 miles. A little after noon compared notes with the skippers and steersmen counting the average found ourselves in the Southern latitude of 19 dgrees 48 minutes &longitude of 95 degrees 24 min. continued to run west say west South west until evening/ and then west/ as having the Latitude of the island of Mauritius.

Today pmo. September:
At noon estimated latitude 20 degr. 28 mi. & longitude 92 degr. 19 mi. the wind Southeast/ steady breeze/ with drizzling rain Course kept west by South/ and sailed 42 miles.

Today 2 do.:
At noon estimated latitude 20 degr. 28 mi. Longitude 89 degr. 29 mi. the wind East Southeast with a steady breeze/ and drizzling rain Rough Sea Course kept west sailed – 40 miles declination 20 degrees northwesterly of the needle.

Today 3 do:
At noon estimated latitude 20 degrees 36 min. longitude 86 degr. 56 min. the wind East Southeast top-gallant Breeze/ with good weather Course kept west & sailed 36 miles.

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Today 4 do:
At noon estimated latitude 19 degrees 55 min. longitude 85 degrees 13 min. the wind Easterly light top-gallant breeze with good weather/ course kept west north west sailed 26 miles – declination 22 degrees 30 m. at night after the first watch we saw land/ kept close to it all night with small Sail.

Today 5 do:
In the morning we saw that it was the Island of Mauritius we steered for it and came to anchor there about 9 o’clock/ had the latitude of 20 degrees/ and longitude 83 degr. 48 min. whereas by estimation still 50 miles east of the island Mauritius when we saw the same.

Today 6 do:
Sent 6 sailors/ three from the Zeehaen and three from our Ship/ together with one of our second mates to the wood/ to assist the huntsmen in capturing and bringing down game/ At noon we saw a ship outside the bay before the entrance/ which about 4 hours later came to anchor near us, when we understood her to be the Arent coming from home/ having sailed from Tessel the 23rd April last in company of the ships Salmander/ and Zutphen/ the Yacht de Leeuwerck/ and the galiot de visschen/ which Ships and Yachts have parted from him at the Salt islands/ to pursue their Voyage to batta./ the said Arent brought some provisions/ such as victuals and ammunition of war/ also soldiers and sailors for the Island of Mauritius/ the Chiefs of the said Yacht reported to the Commander van der Stelt/ that they had on the 27th last arrived at diago Rodrigos/ believing it to be Mauritius/ because is nearly in the same height/ where they found a French Ship lying in the roads/ from which they had not been able to understand rightly/ from where she had arrived/ because of their equivocal Replies some asserting that they came from diepen/ others that they came from the Red sea and that their intention was to go to the Mascarinhas/ or to call at Madagascar. They had sailed from the said Island together with them/ and on the 5th of this at noon had parted from them in the Evening they had her still in sight/ when they saw that she shaped her Course west/on this report the Commander afores. straightways dispatched some men to the north west side of the Island/ to see/ whether the French man had also gone thither presuming that he might have sought to mislead our people and having the intention of cutting some ebony wood there in which he should not succeed.

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Today 7th do:
Were engaged nearly all day tackles and stays because the rigging is old/ weak and not much to be depended on laid on each side of the main and fore-shrouds three more main-shrouds for security/ towards the evening we got eight head of goats/ and one pig from shore.

Today 8 do:
In the morning 4 goats of the 8 do. obtained yesterday to the Zeehaen from where we also sent for one more sailor/ and one of ours having joined him/ we sent them to shore/ to assist the Huntsmen/ and the men who went there on the 6: instant.

Today 9 do:
Sent one of our Carpenters with 7 sailors as well from us as from the Zeehaen to the wood for cutting timber/ in the afternoon we wrote an order to the Officers of the Zeehaen in which we enjoined them to give their men a daily allowance of not more than half a mutchkin of Arack: the W. Commander van der Stel informed us to have no other orders from the Honourable Governor general and Councillors of India than to serve out to his men one small liquor-glass of Arack a day/ and that only to those who are cold wet and dirty/ in order to preserve best peace and avoid trouble and ill-will among the men/ we have judged it best to serve out to our men as long as we are lying in the Roads here/ only half a of Arack daily.

Today 10 do:
Had brought on board of us by our Skipper Ide Jerczer the Hon. van der Stell and discussed with his H./ whether it would not be needful for our ships and advantageous to the Compy./ before sailing from here to further undertake our destined voyage to decide on a place of Rendez-vous/ especially since the Hon. Genl. and Councillors of India commend and recommend the same expressly and seriously in our instructions/ after due deliberation we have summoned on board all our Skippers first and second mates and informed them that everyone by the 16th instant shall give his advice in writing as to what place it were best to take for a rendez-vous when by rough weather storm or other incident which we do not hope and which God in his goodness prevent/ we should get separated to the end

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that we may get together again/ and that when each person’s advice shall have been heard by us we shall resolve upon what may be most serviceable to the Compy. and suitable to our voyage/ in the evening we got from shore 8 goats and 2 pigs/ our Carpenter Jan Joppen also returned on board/ reporting that they had cut a few beams/ but that at that place no more fitting timber was to be had.

Today 11 do:
In the morning our skipper together with the said Carpenter/ went in the boat to the wood/ to fetch the timber from there took the same to the fortress of Frederick Henderick to be sawn into boards and other fitting pieces./ In the afternoon sent 4 goats and one hog to the Zeehaen.

Today 12 do:
In the morning our boat went to the wood a second time/ and again brought some beams to the fortress aforementioned./ Towards the evening we again received 12 head of goats of which we sent half to the Zeehaen/ our Skipper reported that one of our sailors named Joris Claes (Gen) van Bahuijs/ had badly hurt himself in handling a beam that was to be sawn ashore: at which we forthwith sent ashore our chief and assistant barbers to visit the patient and give him the attendance he needed.

Today 13 do:
To-day nothing happened except that we sent a bag of rice to the wood for our men/ and beset our main yard with a cheek.

Today 14 do:
Received again 4 head of goats and 2 pigs from shore (of which) we gave half of each to the flute the Zeehaen/ in the evening the men sent out on the 6th instant by the Hon. van der Stel returned reporting that in none of the bays had they seen the Frenchman.

Today 15 do:
In the morning we sent ashore our upper boatswain and boatswain’s mate with a party of sailors/ and Cordage to make rope.

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Today 16 do:
The Yacht Cleyn Mauritius sailed from here/ will go about 10 miles around the east to fetch ebony wood as Cargo for the Arent/ having got near the entrance/ she cast anchor/ because on account of the strong wind she could not get out/ towards noon the Council of the fortress Frederick Henderick/ the ships Heemskerck/ Zeehaen and the Yacht the Arent was convened by the Hon. Commanders van der Stel and Tasman/ on board of the Admiral’s boat in their meeting proposed and resolved what appears in today’s resolution/ towards the evening our second mate Criyn Heyndrickx whom we had sent on the 6th instant to the Hunters in the wood/ returned on board/ bringing with him 10 head of goats to-day we ordered one of the second mates of the Zeehaen/ to go to the wood in our mate’s stead.

Today 17 do:
In the morning we sent our other second mate Carsten Jurijaenssen to the wood with six sailors to cut firewood/ towards the evening we delivered 4 goats out of the 10 dittos received yesterday to those of the Zeehaen/ to-day by order of the Commandr. van der Stel according to yesterday’s resolution we took the following out of the Yacht the Arent/ on behalf of our Ship and the Zeehaen, to wit:

6 hawsers both small and large/
1 Roll of Canvass/
20 B(l)ocks both large and small/
½ skin of pump-leather/
6 clew-lines/
1
A party of flat headed nails/
4 pieces of horn for mending the lanterns.

To-day 18 do:
Nothing occurred except that we beset our fore mast with a cheek at the back and received 6 head of pigs from shore/ out of which at nightfall we gave 3 dittos to the quartermaster of the Zeehaen.

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Today 19th do:
The Carpenters caulked the Ship on the inside/ stopped any leaks they could find/ furthermore looked everything over and duly pitched the seams.

Today 20th do:
Went out shooting with Mr. van der Maarssen/ under-cargo and second (in command) in the fortress Frederick Heijndrick/ early in the morning around the west of the Island Mauritius/ and returned on board towards noon with 13 wild birds/ to-day we had a number of sawn boards taken from shore/ and had some rope made too.

Today 21st do:
In the morning the Yacht Cleyn Mauritius got outside/ and set sail for her destination to fetch ebony for the cargo of the Arent having been unable to beat out from the 16th instant when she left from here/ on account of the strong Southeast/ say East Southeast tradewind today we made a new main-top/ and put a cheek on the fore-mast as well as on its top-sail-yard/ in the evening we received from shore 10 head of cattle to wit 7 goats/ and 3 hogs.

Today 22nd do:
In the morning ourselves and Gerrit Janssen Skipper of the Zeehaen/ together with a number of sailors with their axes went ashore to the wood/ to provide ourselves with good timber for top-yards/ anchor-stocks/ cheeks and mizzen-yards etc. for the impending voyage/ and returned towards evening bringing with us a round piece of wood fit for use as a cheek on a top-yard/ and also an anchor-stock for ourselves and two dittos for the Zeehaen.

Today 23 do:
Fetched from the wood 3 anchor-stocks and a round piece of timber for a top-yard/ together with a quantity of fire-wood and got a boat-load of water from a water-course east of the fortress of Frederick Hendrick.

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Today 24 do:
Fetched from shore three pinnace loads of firewood/ and 3 boat-loads of water/ towards evening received by the Huntsmen’s sloop/ five goats and three hogs/ of which at night we handed three head [of goats] and one [hog] into the boat of the Zeehaen/ at night in the second watch we got another boat on board with 7 casks of water.

Today 25 do:
In the morning at day-break we had a light breeze from the land first from the north-northeast/ afterwards somewhat stiffer from the northwest by west and west north west/ which is the first land-wind we have had for the whole time that we have been lying at anchor here/ to-day 2 pinnaces of firewood and two boat-loads of water were fetched from Shore/ to date our pilot-major Franchois Jacobs and Mr. Gilsemans surveyed the Shore.

Today 26 do:
Convened the Council of the Heemskerck and the Flute Zeehaen/ and resolved to sail from here on the 4th proximo/ as may be seen at greater length in the Resolution.

Today 27 do:
Sent our second mate Crijn Heijndricx to the wood/ to cut firewood.

Today 28 do:
Sent our Pinnace and boat to the wood to fetch firewood from there.

Today 29 do:
Continued sending the Pinnace and boat ashore for firewood/ to-day the Yacht Cleijn Mauritius returned bringing one of the runaway Madagascar slaves with her.

Today ulmo. do:
Were still busy getting firewood/ towards evening 10 head of goats.

Today pmo. October:
Were still continually busy getting Firewood in the Pinnace and boat/ towards evening received from Shore 9 head of goats, bucks as well as she-goats.

Today 2 do:
Were still busy getting firewood/ and filling the casks, that became empty from day to day, with water.

Today 3 do:
Still continuing fetching Water and Firewood in Boat and Pinnace/ at dusk we received 7 head of cattle, to wit 2 hogs 4 he-goats and one she-goat.

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Today 4 do:
Being the day fixed upon for sailing/ but were unable on account of contrary wind to clear the bay so that we were forced to remain at anchor/ therefore sent the pilot-major Francoijs Jacobs and the first mate of the Zeehaen/ Heijndrick Pieters to take soundings in the entrance which we should have to clear/ where they sounded barely 13 feet in high water at spring.

Today 5 do:
The contrary wind still continuing we could not clear the bay therefore our Pinnace and the second mate Carsten Juriaenssen to catch fish with the drag-net/ who returning brought a capital lot of fish for the whole crew.

Today 6 do:
Took out the kedge-anchor say kedged to clear the southeastern entrance/ and took out the second one but were forced to give it up owing to the strong contrary wind/ towards the evening we understood that the men/ sent out to look for the runaway Madagascar Slaves/ had returned without having noticed any of the runaways./ To-day we again got a good lot of fish for the whole crew.

Today 7 do:
The wind from the East/ were still busy kedging./ In the evening we came under the islands in front of the Bay in seventeen fathom – bad bottom/ this bay is very hard to clear/ on account of the Southeast wind that is continually blowing here whoever has no urgent business here/ had better keep away from here.

Today 8 do:
In the morning Rainy weather/ and a light Land breeze with which winds Weighed our anchors/ but had to drop them again owing to contrary winds/ about eight o’clock we got the wind Northeast by East/ weighed our Anchors and accordingly ran out to sea Southeastward/ for which God be praised and thanked/ this Island Mauritius is located in the Southern latitude/ the southern extremity of 20 degrees 12 min. and Longitude 78 degrees 47 min. Shaped our course South Southeast/ since we had the wind northeast with a light top-gallant breeze./ At noon we shaped our course South by East.

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Today 9 do:
At noon observed latitude 21 degrees 5 min. longitude 78 degrees 47 minutes Course kept south/ and sailed 13 miles that with good weather/ and a soft breeze/ the wind from the Southeast. We also drew up a Resolution respecting meals as will be seen from the same – in the evening we still saw the Island of Mauritius.

Today 10 do:
At noon in the estimated latitude of 21 degrees 54 min. longitude 78 degr. 11 min./ Course kept Southwest by South/ sailed 15 miles the wind from the Southeast – light top-gallant breeze. Towards day-break the sea began to run high from the South/ and we found that our mizzen-mast was quite broken to pieces at the partner/ so that we had to fish it with two cheeks.

Today 11 do:
At noon estimated latitude 23 degrees 28 min. longitude 77 degr. 51 min. the wind East with a light Breeze/ Course kept South by west/ and sailed 24 miles.

Today 12 do:
At noon observed latitude 25 degr. 18 min. longitude 77 degrees 51 min. the wind northerly. Light top-gallant Breeze that with good weather and a Clear Sky with smooth water/ Course kept South and sailed 28 miles have also put a cheek on our mizzen-mast/ declination 23 degrees 30 minutes Northwesterly.

Today 13 do:
At noon estimated latitude 27 degrees 26 mi. longitude 77 degrees 51 minutes/ Course kept South and sailed 32 miles/ the wind from the north-west/ In the morning with Rain/ and a top-gallant Breeze.

Today 14 do:
At noon observed latitude 29 degr. 20 minutes longitude 78 degr. 45 min. Course kept South Southeast sailed 29 miles the wind west and west Southwest that with a top-gallant breeze at night after the first watch the wind South southeast turning to the west/ declination 23 degrees 30 minutes.

Today 15 do:
The wind East and East Southeast/that with a dark sky stiff breeze./ At noon estimated latitude 29 degr. 45 minutes longitude 78 degrees 57 min. Course kept South southeast and sailed 7 miles towards the evening we got the wind east by South with drizzling rain.

Today 16 do:
The wind South and Southeast/ also Southeast and east southeast that with a top-gallant breeze./ At noon we had the Southern latitude of 31 degrees 17 min./ Course kept south southeast/ and sailed 25 miles/ declination 25 degrees 15 minutes.

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Today 17 do:
Calm and the wind Westerly/ our Course South southeast/ and sailed 9 miles at noon observed latitude 31 degrees 51 minutes and Longitude 78 degrees 26 minutes/ towards noon we got a light top-gallant breeze/ wind as before declination northwesterly 25 degrees 30 minutes.

Today 18 do:
Good weather and wind westerly/ that with a top-gallant breeze. At noon observed latitude 33 degrees 56 min.longitude 78 degrees 56 minutes./ Course kept South by East and sailed 32 miles/ towards the evening the Zeehaen hove to Leeward/ we forthwith held towards her she hailed us to inform us that the wales in which her shroud-bolts are held were gaping/ so that they had to be clamped declination 24 degrees.

Today 19 do:
About 9 o’clock we got the wind South southwest/ with drizzling Rain/ and then there came a dead calm. At noon estimated latitude 36 degr. 2 mi. longitude 80 degrees./ Course kept South southeast/ and sailed 34 miles/ that with a top-gallant breeze/ after noon we got the wind from the Southeast/ we tacked about the west.

Today 20 do:
Foggy weather that with drizzling Rain./ At noon estimated latitude 36 Degrees 29 mi. longitude 79 degrees 25 min. Course kept Southwest the wind variable that with improving weather and sailed 10 miles towards the evening we got a calm/ South Southeast

Today 21 do:
Variable winds with calms. At noon observed latitude 36 degrees 22 m. longitude 79 degrees 25 m. so that we found that we had drifted 2 miles to the north/ towards the evening we got a breeze from the northwest.

Today 22 do:
Dark drizzly weather/ and the wind westerly that with a steady Breeze. At noon we had the estimated latitude of 38 degr. 11 mi. and longitude 78 degr. 57 mi. Course kept South by East and sailed 28 miles/ declination 24 degr. 40 min. Northwesterly.

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Today 23 do:
In the morning the wind began to blow stiffly from the west Southwest/ and Southwest/ so that we took in our top-sails./ At noon we estimated ourselves to be in the Latitude of 40 degrees 18 minutes/ Longitude 80 degrees 46 min. Course kept Southeast by South and sailed 40 miles./ At noon we shaped our course Southeast./ Had heavy showers of Rain now and then.

Today 24 do:
In the morning took in our bonnets and lowered our fore-sail down to the stem/ and scudded under the main-sail/ we durst not be upon the wind/ because of the strong gale we had this gale was attended with hail and Rain/ so much so that we feared the ship could not stand it/ but about noon the weather abated somewhat/ so that we hauled to the wind/ we could not see the Zeehaen/ therefore we hauled to the wind to stay for her./ At noon estimated to be in the latitude of 40 degrees 42 minutes/ and Longitude 83 degrees 11 minutes./ Course kept East by South and sailed 30 miles/ had the wind Southwest and South that with a heavy gale kept a sharp look-out for the Zeehaen/ but could not see her.

Today 25 do:
In the morning we sent a man into the top-mast to look out for our companion whom he saw astern/ of which we were very glad/ the weather a little better./ Laced our bonnets again hoisted our foresail to the mast/towards noon the Flute Zeehaen joined us again./ At noon estimated to be in the latitude of 39 degrees 58 minutes. Longitude 84 degrees 11 min. Course kept north northeast and sailed or drifted 12 miles./ At noon we shaped our course Southeast/ and the wind southwest that with a steady Breeze.

Today 26 do:
Good weather/ the wind Southwest by west/ that with a top-gallant Breeze. At noon observed latitude 41 degr. 34 minutes longitude 86 degrees 10 min. Course kept Southeast by South and South Southeast/ we spoke the Zeehaen/ understood that this day a man died on board of her/ just as we had spoken the other/ her fore-top-yard broke/ they forthwith fixed another which they had ready-made in store/ to-day average longitude 86 degr. 14 min. average latitude 41 degr. 40 minutes.

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Today 27 ditto:
In the morning before early breakfast we saw much rock-weed and manna-grass floating about/ therefore displayed the white flag/ upon which the officers of the Zeehaen came on board of us/ we convened the Council and laid before them that which the Hon. Governor-General and Councillors of India have ordered in their instructions concerning the seeing and observing of Land, shoals – sunken Rocks etc. on this matter we put before the Council whether it would not be best/ now that we observed such signs of Land to keep a man in the top-mast continually to look out for land/ shoals sunken Rocks or other Dangerous Incidents/ also what best had be fixed as a for him who should first see such / upon which the Council approved/ of keeping a man on the look-out constantly/ and whoever first shall see and observe Land/ Shoals/ sunken Rocks etc. shall therefore receive 3 pieces-of-eight and a can of arrack/ as may be seen at length from to-day’s Resolution/ At noon estimated to be in the latitude of 43 degr. and Longitude 88 degr. 6 min. Course kept Southeast and sailed 30 miles/ the wind westerly with a top-gallant Breeze and drizzling Rain declination 26 degrees 45 minutes. At night we lay to under reduced Canvass.

Today 28th do:
In the morning at daybreak we made sail again shaped our course South southeast had Dark foggy weather/ still saw much Rock-weed floating about. At noon made an estimate to be in the latitude of 44 degrees 47 mi., and Longitude 89 degr. 7 mi. Course kept South southeast and sailed 29 miles/ the wind northwest and west that with a top-gallant Breeze. Also saw foliage of trees floating about as if it were leaves of wild banana trees./ At night we lay to under reduced canvass. Did not dare to sail on because it was so foggy but the Sea became smoother/ from time to time we fired a musket now and then also a big cannon.

Today 29th do:
In the morning we made sail again/ made our Course South Southeast spoke the Officers of the Zeehaen as we thought it best to shape our Course east so long as the fog should last. Having hailed the friends of the Flute Zeehaen/ we called out to them/ whether – seeing that during this fog and darkness it is very cautious nay anxious and hardly possible to survey known Land let alone to discover unknown Lands – it would not be best and most advisable to shape our course east until clearer weather and a clear Sky/ the which they deemed not inexpedient therefore convened the Ship’s Council and the second mates/ laid before them all what the Officers of

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the Zeehaen had said when we had spoken them together with their advice and opinion/ thereupon asked what they judged best after which it was unanimously decided what may be seen at length from to-day’s Resolution and is accordant with the opinion of the Officers of the Zeehaen./ At noon shaped our Course East that with a north northwesterly wind top-gallant gale/ estimated to be in the latitude of 45 degrees 47 min. and Longitude 89 degr. 44 minutes. Course kept South Southeast and sailed 17 miles.

Today 30 ditto:
In the morning at daybreak we made sail again/ shaped our Course East/ that with a Clear Sky and top-gallant breeze from the west/ at noon observed latitude 45 degr. 43 min. Longitude 91 degr. 51 min. Course kept East and sailed 22 miles/ declination 26 degr. 45 minutes.

Today Ulmo. do:
Towards noon a drizzly Rain came on with fog the wind stiffened more and more/ so that we took in our top-sails our main-sail also/ and scudded under our Fore-sail/ the wind and sea were very wild./ At noon estimated to be in the latitude of 47 degrees 4 mi. & Longitude 95 degr. 19 min./Course kept East Southeast/ and sailed 50 miles/ had a storm from the west shaped our Course East.

Today pmo. November:
In the morning a little better weather/ made more sail./ At noon observed latitude 46 degr. 9 min. and Longitude 99 degr. 9 min. were very surprised to find ourselves so far to the north/ as we estimated to be in 47 degr./ and found ourselves in 46 degr. 9 minutes. Course kept by Estimation East/ but finding ourselves more northerly taking that to be the Correct North/ then our Course is east by North/ half a point more northerly/ and sailed 40 miles/ after noon it became foggy again/ the wind turned to the northwest with a slack breeze/ saw much Rock-Weed floating about/ shaped our Course Southeast/ because we found ourselves so northward./ At night we lay a-trying under reduced sail. To-day our Gunner Eldert Buijtjes died in the Lord.

Today 2 do:
In the morning we made sail again/ shaped our course Southeast/ the wind northwest with a steady Breeze./ Sailed with try-sails/ was very foggy./ Course kept/ East Southeast/ and sailed 25 miles by estimation in the latitude of 46 degr. 74 minutes/ and Longitude 101 degr. 23 min./ Saw still a good deal of rock-weed floating about./ At night did not dare to sail on in the fog.

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Today 3 ditto:
The wind Southwest with a strong breeze we made sail again. Shaped our Course Southweast we got heavy squalls with Hail and Snow from time to time/ also severe Cold./ At noon observed Latitude 46 degrees 47 minutes and Longitude 103 degr. 58 min. Course kept east by South and sailed 27 miles. Between the squalls we could see fairly well/ so that we kept sailing during the night. Still saw occasionally some Rock-weed floating about/ found that we were driven to the north.

Today 4 do:
Wind and weather as before/ our Course was still southeast. At noon shaped our Course east/ the estimated latitude 48 degr. 25 min. Longitude 107 degrees 56 minutes./ Course kept Southeast by East & sailed 40 miles/ in the afternoon our Skipper and Mates their average longitude and Southern latitude which after comparison with our own we found to average 107 25 minutes longitude and 48 degr. 28 minutes latitude. After this comparison we convened the Ship’s Council and the Second Mates and submitted to them what was subsequently unanimously resolved upon/ such and as the Resolution of to-day fully specifies/ as may be gathered at length from the same/ to which we here/ for briefness’ sake/ refer. Towards the Evening we saw again many clusters of Rock-weed floating about/ we had large numbers of tunnies near and around the Ship our Boatswain’s mate and one of the Sailors/ also saw a Seal/ from which we surmise that there might quite well be some Islands lying about here/ since those animals will not swim out far to sea/ therefore we dared not run on but after supper held northward under reduced sail.

Today 5 do:
In the morning we had rather foggy hazy/dirty weather/ with a Dark grey Sky/ however we made sail again and at first ran East by South on Account of our having drifted so far northwards the night before. At noon estimated latitude 48 degrees 25 minutes – and Longitude 110 degrees 55 minutes. Course kept East and sailed 30 miles.

Today 6 do:
Got a storm from the west that with hail and snow scudded under a fore-try-sail/ and that barely halfway the mast/ the sea was very rough and our men begin to suffer badly from the severe cold. At noon estimated latitude 49 degrees 4 minutes longitude 114 degrees 56 minutes. Course kept East by South sailed 49 miles declination 26 degrees.

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Today 7th Ditto:
The following was handed over to us by the Pilot Major Francoys Jacobs –

Annotations drawn from the terrestrial Globe and from the large Charts of the Southsea and on the 7th of November Ao. 1642 handed to the Hon. Commander Abell Janssen Tasman/ together with Our Advice.

First –

The terrestrial Globe shows us that the Easternmost Islands of the Salomonis are in the Longitude of fully 220 degrees reckoning said Longitude to begin at the Meridian in which the Islands Corlo and Floris are found but in the Longitude of 205 degrees hardly according to the Longitude that starts from the Island of Tannariffe and which is in use at present/ and on the globe they extend from 7 degrees to 14 or 15 degrees Latitude South of the Equinoctial

This being so we will follow the large Charts of the Southsea, using the Longitude beginning from the Peak of Tinnariffe that being the one generally used in our day.

First we have Battavia situated in the Longitude of 127 degrees 5 minutes and the South west point of Celebes 11 degr. 20 minutes more to the East – Gives for the Longitude of the Southwest point of Celebes 138 degr. 25 m. Now from the Southwest point of Celebes to the easternmost Islands of Salomonis where the chart reads the Hoornsche eylanden – 47 degr. 20 m. Gives for the longitude of the Hoornsche Islands 185 degr. 45 m.

Now from the Hoornsche Islands to the Cocus or Verraders Island discovered by Willem Schouten – 5 degr. 15 m. Gives for the longitude of the Cocus and Verraaders Island – 191 degrees. So that if one wishes to consider the Hoorensche Islands situated in the Longitude of 185 degr. 45 minutes, to be the Easternmost of the Salomonis, then the Charts and the globe would differ about 19 degrees but if one wishes to take the Cocus and Verraders Island in the longitude of 194 degrees latitude of 17½ degrees as the Easternmost of the Salomonis Islands then the difference between the Charts and the globe would be no more than 11 degr; which the globe places the Islands more Eastward than the Charts. Now in order to be sure that we shall come to the east of both indications that of the Globe as well as the one on the Maps.

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We advise this: that one should stick to the 44th degree southern latitude until the 105th degree longitude be passed: then to go to 40th degree latitude and to stay there with an Eastern Course until we shall be in the longitude of 220 degr: then to shape our course north so as to avail ourselves of the tradewind to reach the Salomonis Islands and Nova Guinea by sailing from east to west. We cannot but think that if no land is encountered up to 150 degrees Longitude we shall then be in an open sea again, unless we should meet with islands but this, time being the Teacher of all Experiences, will bring to light.
Signed, Francoys Jacobs

In the morning the wind westerly that with hail and snow so that we are still sailing with a nearly furled Fore-sail as before and as we could not make any progress in this way we deemed it best to turn to the north again upon which, with the Ship’s Council together with our second mates since we could not speak the friends of the Geehaen, much less get them on board of us, we resolved first to shape our course northwest and to run on to 45 or 44 degrees, having reached the Latitude of 45 or 44 degr: then to keep the Course due east until the Longitude of 150 degrees, as the resolution specifies at length, to which we here refer. At noon estimated Latitude 47 degrees 56 m: longitude 119 degr: 6 minutes Course kept East northeast and sailed 45 miles.

Today 8 do:
In the morning the weather was somewhat better so that we set our top-sails. At noon the estimated latitude 46 degr: 26 m: and Longitude 121 degr: 19 min: Course kept northeast and sailed 32 miles, that with unsettled weather and westerly wind with drizzly rainy foggy weather, which is very variable here. Sailed at night under reduced sail declination 25 degrees 30 minutes.

Today 9 do:
The wind southerly that with a grey sky and top-gallant breeze at noon by estimation in the southern latitude of 44 degr: 19 m: and Longitude 124 degr: 20 min: Course kept northeast and sailed 45 miles. At noon found ourselves in the Latitude of 44 degr: which does not agree with our estimation. Still saw daily Rockweed floating about. At noon shaped our course east according to the resolution of the 7th instant.

Towards the evening we sent to the Officers of the Zeehaen the following note together with a copy of the annotations of the Pilot Major Francoys Jacobs, both enclosed in a wooden canister shot-case, duly waxed and closely wrapped up in tarred canvass, by setting this case afloat from the stern part of the Poop, the which duly reached them the letter ran as follows –

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- To the Officers of the flute the Zeehaen

We should have gladly heard the advice of the friends on the 7th instant but time and opportunity did not suffer it, whereupon with the members of our Council together with the second mates we resolved to shape our Course north east until the latitude of 44 degrees and then to keep a due east course as far as the Longitude of 150 degrees if you agree with this our resolution then be pleased to hoist your Flag at the stern as a sign of approval so that we may settle the Resolution accordingly.

You will also do your best to sail on at night until further orders and when you think it possible to come on board of us in the boat kindly float a flag from the fore-top by way of signal whereupon we shall stay for you, as we are very desirous of communicating with you by word of mouth. Farewell. Actum Heemskereg sailing in about 44 degrees southern latitude. This day November 9 Anno 1642.
Signed – Abel-Janssen Tasman

After reading this those of the Zeehaen hoist the Prince flag in token of their approval of our Resolution.

Today 10 do:
Good weather and the wind southerly that with a to-gallant gale. At noon by estimation in the latitude of 44 degrees longitude 126 degr. 45 minutes course kept east and sailed 26 miles. At noon we found ourselves in the latitude of 43 degrees 20 min: the sea was running very high from the south west and also from the south east with a heavy swell had a declination of 21 degr: 30 minutes

Today 11 do:
Good weather and the wind westerly with a light breeze. At noon by estimation in the latitude of 43 degrees 20 minutes and longitude 127 degr: 45 m: Course kept east and sailed 11 miles. We hoisted the white flag whereupon the Officers of the Zeehaen came on board and then the plenary Council resolved to run on in the southern latitude of about 44 degrees from our present longitude which counting the average is 123 degr: 29 m: until the 195th degr. Which is the meridian of the east side of Nova Guinea as the latter is drawn in the Chart, all which appears at length in this day’s Resolution to which we here refer.

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Today 12 ditto.
Good weather and smooth water, and the wind westerly that with a light To-gallant breeze. At noon observed latitude 43 degrees 50 min: and longitude 129 degr: 17 m: Course kept east south east and sailed 18 miles. Declination 21 degrees.

Today 13 Ditto.
Dark, hazy, foggy weather, that with a steady breeze, still see daily rock weed floating about. At noon by estimation in the latitude of 44 degr: 16 m: and longitude 132 degrees 17 min: The course kept east by south and sailed 33 miles, the wind northwest. At noon shaped our course east.

Today 14 do:
Still dark, hazy, drizzly weather and the wind west say west northwest, with a steady breeze. At noon by estimation in the southern latitude of 44 degrees 16 minutes and longitude 136 degr: 22 m: Course kept east and sailed 44 miles and the sea still runs high from the southwest so that no mainland is yet to be surmised south of us.

Today 15 do:
Good weather and a steady breeze from the west northwest. At noon observed latitude 44 degr: 3 m: and longitude 140 degr: 32 min: Course kept east slightly northerly and sailed 45 miles, declination 18 degr: 30 minutes northwesterly, still saw daily much rock-weed floating about – decreasing.

Today 16 do:
In the morning the weather was quite foggy, but towards noon it became clear again, observed latitude 44 degr: 10 minutes, longitude 114 say 114 degr: 42 min: Course kept east and sailed 45 miles with a steady breeze from the west. In the evening we took the sun’s azimuth declination 16 degrees.

Today 17 do:
Good weather and a clear outlook. Still saw much rock-weed floating about every day and the sea is still running from the south west, although we see daily rock-weed floating about, still we are led to presume that there is no big mainland to the south, on account of the heavy seas that are still running strongly from the south. At noon observed latitude 44 degr. 15 m: longitude 147 degr. 3 m: Course kept east and sailed 26 miles with a light top-gallant breeze from the west. Estimated to have already passed the southland known up to the present, or so far as Pieter Nuyts has been eastward.

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Today 18th do:
The wind northwest and afterwards north, that with foggy weather and drizzling raint top-gallant breeze. At noon we estimated ourselves to be in the southern latitude of 44 degr: 16 m: and longitude 150 degr: 6 m: Course kept east and sailed 33 miles. We also saw a number of whales, at night in the dog-watch we lay a-trying under reduced sail, declination 12 degrees.

Today 19th do:
Good weather and the wind northerly afterwards north westerly, that with a top-gallant breeze. At noon the estimated latitude 44 degrees 45 m: and longitude 153 degr: 34 min: Course kept east by south and sailed 38 miles. At noon observed latitude 45 degr: 5 min: so that I find myself more southerly than I estimated. In the morning declination 8 degrees decreasing north westerly towards the evening there came a storm on from the north, and afterwards from the northwest, with hail and snow and severe cold, had to wear before the wind with a mainsail.

Today 20th do:
The wind west northwest with hail and snow and storm, in the morning we scudded under a foresail half-way up the mast. At noon by estimation in the latitude of 44 deg: 43 m: and longitude 155 degr: 58 min: Course kept east by north and sailed 26 miles, observed latitude 44 degr. 32 m: At night laid to under our mail-sail.

Today 21st do:
In the morning the weather improved, we set our topsails again and rigged our Foresail bonnet, shaped our course east northeast, the wind west and afterwards northwest, that with a top-gallant breeze, estimated at noon to be in the latitude of 43 degrees 53 minutes and longitude 158 degr: 12 m: found ourselves at noon in the latitude of 43 degr; 40 m: Course kept east northeast and sailed 26 miles declination 4 degrees north westerly and the sea running very high both from the northwest and from the southwest. Laid to during the night under reduced sail.

Today 22nd do:
At daybreak we made sail again, the wind westerly top-gallant breeze having swells from the southwest, so that there is not likely to be any land to the south. At noon estimated to be in the latitude of 42 degr. 48 m: and longitude 160 degrees 34 minutes, course kept east northeast and sailed 28 miles. At noon observed latitude 42 degrees 49 mi: besides, our compasses were not steady as they should be. It is quite possible that there are some miles, say mines of loadstone, about here for our compasses are changing up to as many as eight degrees. There is constantly something that makes the compasses move or deviate.

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Today 23 do:
Good weather and the wind southwest, that with a steady breeze. In the morning we found that our rudder was broken at the top in the helm port, on account of which we hauled to the wind under reduced sail and fitted a ledge on either side. At noon observed latitude 42 degrees 50 minutes and longitude 162 degr: 51 m: Course kept east and sailed 25 miles, we found here a declination of one degree northwesterly, which shows a very abrupt decrease here, by our estimation we have the west side of Nova Guinea north of us.

Today 24th do:
Good weather and a clear sky. At noon observed latitude 42 degr. 25 mi. and Longitude 165 degr. 31 mi./ Course kept east by north/ and sailed 30 miles/ the wind from the Southwest and afterwards South with a light Top-gallant breeze/ in the afternoon about 4 o’clock we saw Land had it east by north of us/ by estimation 10 miles was very high Land/ towards the evening we saw in the east Southeast also three high mountains/ and in the Northeast two more mountains/ less high than those in the South/ we had here the compass pointing due / In the evening in the first glass after the watch had been set/ we proposed to our Ship’s Council and the Second Mates whether it would not be best/ to clear the shore/ and to sail farther out to sea/ and asked their advice as to the best time to do so whereupon we unanimously resolved/ to turn away from shore at the end of three glasses/ and so to run out for ten glasses/ after which we shall make for the Land again/all of which in extenso appears in today’s Resolution, to which we refer. At night at the end of three glasses the wind being southeast, we held off from the shore and sounded in 100 Fathom clean white fine sandy bottom, with small shells, afterwards sounded once more and found black coarse sand with pebbles. During the night had the wind south-east with a light breeze.

Today 25 do:
In the morning it was calm, we floated the white flag and top-pendant from our stern, whereupon the officers of the Zeehaen and their mates came on board of us, when we convened the Council and in the same resolved upon what may be seen from today’s Resolution where it is extended at length, to which we here refer. Towards noon we got the wind southeast and afterwards south south east and south, we then held to the shore again.

[Page 24]
In the evening about 5 o’clock we closed the shore, three miles off shore we had 60 fathom coral bottom a mile off shore we found clean fine white sand. We found this coast to bear south by east and north by west, a level coast, and we had reached latitude 42 degr: 30 m: and average longitude 163 degr: 50 m: We again held off from shore, the wind turned south south-east top-gallant breeze. If one comes from the west and one finds to have a declination of 4 degr: north westerly, one may well look out for land, as the declination decreases very abruptly here. Or if one happened to get rough weather from westerly direction, one had better heave to and not run on. Here near the coast the compass points due north, we also took the average of our longitudes and resolved that we found this land to be in the longitude of 163 degr: 50 minutes.

This land the First Land in the South sea that we have encountered and not yet known to any European nation, so have we given this Land the name of Anthony van Dymens Land, in honor of the Hon. Governor General our high Superior, who has sent us out to make this discovery. The Islands circumjacent we have named after the Hon Councillors of India, as may be seen from the little chart made of them.

Today 26 do:
Had the wind east, light breeze, hazy weather, so that we could not see land, estimated to be at about 9 ½ miles distance from the coast. Towards noon we hoisted the top-pendant whereupon the Zeehaen forthwith passed astern of us, when we have hailed him saying that Mr. Gissemans was desired on our board, whereupon he the said Gissemans without delay came on board of us, and we declared to him the Reasons mentioned in the subjoined letter, which he took with him on board of them, to show the same to the Skipper Gerrit Jans, and to give orders to their mates accordingly.

The Officers of the Flute Zeehaen will describe in their daily journals this land which we saw and approached yesterday to be in the Longitude of 163 degr: 50 m: since by counting the average we found and fixed this to be its Longitude, and to count henceforth the Longitudes from this established one. He who before this had got a

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Longitude of 160 degr: or more will now make his calculations from this Land. This is done so as to prevent any errors as much as is at all possible. The Officers of the Zeehaen will give orders to the same effect to their steersmen and see to it that they act upon them, as we deem this to be right and meet, and the Charts that by any one might be made thereof will lay down this Land in the average longitude heretofore stated – of 163 degrees 50 minutes.

Actum Heemskercke datum Utt Supra
Signed – Abel Janssen Tasman

At noon estimated to be in the Southern latitude of 43 degr: 36 m: and longitude of 163 degr. 2 mi. Course made south south-west and sailed 18 miles. Had a variation of ½ degree northwesterly. In the evening got the wind north east. Shaped our course east south-east.

Today 28 do: [27]
In the morning we again saw the coast, our course was still east south-east. At noon we estimated to be in the southern latitude of 44 degr. 4 mi. and Longitude 164 degr. 2 mi. Course made southeast by east and sailed 13 miles. It was drizzly, foggy, hazy, rainy weather, the wind northeast and north north-east, with light breeze. At night at the end of 7 glasses in the first watch we lay to with one sail, dared not sail on by reason that it was so dark.

Today 28 do:
In the morning still dark, foggy, rainy weather, made sail again Shaped our course east and afterwards northeast by north. Saw northeast and north north-east of us Land made straight for it. The coast here bears southeast by east and northwest by west. This land falls off to the north east as far as I can see. At noon by estimation in the latitude of 44 degr. 12 mi. and longitude 165 degr. 2 mi. and course made east by south and sailed 11 mile, the wind from the north west with a light breeze. In the evening we closed the shore. Near the shore here are a few small islands, one of which appears like a Lion. This one lies about 3 miles off the largest land out into sea. In the evening we got the wind east, lay to at night under small sail.

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Today 29th do:
In the morning we were still near the Rock, which appears like a Lion’s Head. Had the wind westerly with a top-gallant breeze. Sailed along the coast which here bears east and west. Towards noon passed 2 rocks, the western most appeared like Pedra Blanca which lies on the Coast of China. The easternmost appears like a High Obtuse tower, lying at abut 4 miles distance from the mainland. Sailed between the Rocks and the Mainland. At noon estimated to be in the Latitude of 43 degr: 53 m: Longitude 166 degr: 3 m: Course kept east north-east and sailed 12 miles. Still sailed along the coast. In the evening about 5 o’clock we came before a Bay which seemed likely to provide a good Roadstead upon which we resolved with our Ship’s Council to run into it, as appears from the ditto Resolution we had fairly got into the bay when suddenly such a strong wind arose that we were forced to take in sail and to run out to sea again under reduced sail, as it were impossible to come to anchor in such a gale.

In the evening we resolved to stand out to sea during the night under reduced sail to avoid falling on a leeshore in such a storm, all of which may be seen at length from the Resolution abovementioned, to which we here, to avoid prolixity, refer.

Today Ulmo: do:
In the morning at daybreak we again made for shore. We had been driven so far from the coast by wind and current that we could hardly see the land. Did our best to come near to it again. At noon we had the land north-west of us, we turned to the west, the wind northerly, inconvenient to us for getting to this land. At noon observed Latitude 43 degr: 41 m: Longitude 168 degr: 3: Course made East by North and sailed 20 miles, that with storm and unsettled weather, here the Compass points correctly. A little after noon turned to the west. At night at the end of the First watch we got the wind west with a stiff variable gale, turned to the north with reduced sail.

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Today pmo: December.
In the morning the weather was a little better, we set our topsails, the wind west south-west with a top-gallant breeze. Shaped our course to the coast. At noon observed latitude 43 degrees 10 m: and longitude 167 degr: 55 M: Course made north north-west and sailed 8 miles, and fall in calm. At noon hoisted the white flag, whereupon our friends of the Zeehaen came on board, when we have Resolved together that it would be best and most expedient, if wind and weather only permitted, to make land the soon the better, both to become better acquainted with its situation and to try to obtain some refreshments, all of which the Resolution of this day shows at greater length. Afterwards we got the breeze from the east, made for the coast to see whether we might not find a good bottom, say Roadstead here. About one hour after Sunset we dropped anchor in a good harbour in 22 fathom, between white and grey fine sand, a naturally drying bottom, for which we must show grateful Hearts to the Almighty God.

Today 2 do:
Early in the morning sent the Pilot Major Francoys Jacobs with our Pinnace, in which 4 musketeers 6 Rowers, each armed with pike and sword, together with the little boat of the Zeehaen, in which one of their Second Mates and 6 musketeers, to a bay which was situated northwest of us at a good mile’s distance, in order to find out what utilities in the way of fresh water refreshments, timber and the like might be had there. At about 3 hours before nightfall our boats returned, bringing several samples of Vegetables (which they had seen growing in abundance), some not unlike certain vegetables growing at the Cabo de bonne Esperance and fit to be used as pot-herbs, another which was long and brackish and showed a great resemblance to Parsley du Mair. The Pilot Major and the Second Mate of the Zeehaen gave the following report –

[Page 28]
That they had rowed more than a mile around said Point, where they found high but level land with vegetation, but cultivated, but growing by God and nature; abundance of excellent Timber and a sloping watering place; many empty valleys. Said water was of good quality, but rather difficult to procure because the desired water-course was so shallow that the water could be scooped up in bowls only.

That they had heard certain human sounds, also Music resembling that of a Drum or a small Gong, which was not far from them, but they had seen nobody.

That they have seen 2 trees about 2 or 2 ½ fathom in thickness, 60 or 65 feet high, under the branches, in which trees had been cut with flint axes and the bark had been peeled off in order to climb up and rob the birds’ nests in the way of stairs. Each well measured 5 feet from the other, so that they presumed that the people here must be very tall or that they must by some device know how to climb the said trees. In one of the trees these carved steps appeared so fresh and green as if it had not been four days since the same had been cut.

That they had observed footprints or traces of some animals in the earth, resembling considerably those of a tiger’s claws. They also brought on board some excrements of (as far as they could presume and observe) quadrupeds, together with a little (apparently very fine) gum which had exuded from trees and smells like gum-lac that around the east corner of this bay they had sounded – in high water 13 or 14 feet at low tide there, about 3 feet that at the foremost part of said corner they had seen great numbers of Gulls/wild ducks and geese, but none farther inward, though they heard their cries. Have found no fish except some muscles, in several places stuck together in clusters

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That the Land is generally covered with trees, standing so far apart that one can easily pass through everywhere and look far ahead, so that in landing one could always get the natives or wild animals in view, unhindered by dense thick shrubbery or underwood, which would give encouragement to exploration

That they had seen at several places in the interior many trees, which just above the foot of the same were deeply burned in, the earth had been dug out here and there with the fist, and by the burning of the fire had become as hard as stone.

A little before our boats (which returned to board again) came in sight, we saw on the land (which lay about west by north of us) occasionally a thick smoke rising up, so that we presumed that our men did this as a signal, because they were so long coming back, for we had ordered them to return speedily hither, partly in order to hear about their experiences and partly, if they found nothing useful there) to the end that they might go and look at other places, so that no time should be uselessly wasted. Our men having come aboard, we asked them whether they had been thereabouts and made a fire, to which they replied No, but that at various times and places in the wood they had also seen some smoke, so that there are here without any doubt men who must be of extraordinary stature. Today we had many variable winds from the eastern side but for the greater part of the day a stiff steady breeze from the south-east.

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To-day 3 ditto.
Went to the South east side of this Bay in our boats like Yesterday with Supercargo Gissemans/ the musketeers/ and the Rowers armed with Pikes and Swords/ There we found Water but the Land is so low that the fresh water was made brackish and salt by the surf/ and for digging wells the same land was too rocky therefore we returned on board and convened the Council of our two Ships/ with which we resolved and determined what the resolution of today showing may there be seen extended at Length/to which we here for briefness sake Refer In the afternoon we went to the Southeast side of this bay in the said boats/ having with us the Pilot major Franchoys Jacobs: the Skipper Gerrit Jans/Isack Gissemans Supercargo of the Zeehaen the Subcargo Abraham Coomans and our chief carpenter Pieter Jacobs/having with us a pole with the Company’s mark carried therein/and the prince-flag to be set up there/ so that to those who shall come after us it may be clear that we have been here and have taken in (to possession and Property) the said Land. Having rowed about half-way with out boats/ it began to blow stiffly and the sea ran so high/that the cock-boat of the Zeehaen/ in which the Pilot-major and Mr. Gissemans were/ had to return to board again/ we ran on with our pinnace close to the shore coming into a small cove which bore West South West of the Ships/the surf ran so high that/ without danger of having the boat dashed to pieces we might not get near the Land/ We then ordered the carpenter aforesaid to swim to the shore alone, with the pole and the flag and kept by the wind with our pinnace; we made him erect the pole with the flag in top into the earth at the center of this little cove/ near four high trees, easily recognizable, standing in the form of a crescent/ and just before the one standing lowest/This tree/ is/ just above the foot, burnt in/ and is amply the taller of the other three/ but appears Lower because it stands on the slope of that place/ at the top it has two long dry branches projecting above the crown/ so symmetrically set with dead sprigs and twigs/ that they look like large antlers of a stag/ next to these a little lower there is another bough, quite Green and Round and leafy, the twigs of which by their regular proportion/ make the said Boughs look very Graceful and like the upper part of

[Page 31]
a larding pin/ after the chief carpenter, in sight of myself Abel Jans Tasman/ the Skipper Gerrit Jans/ and the subcargo Abraham Coomans/ had performed what has just been related/ we rowed the Boat as close to the shore as we dared go/ and the aforementioned Carpenter swam back again through the surf to the Pinnace/ after which, this Work having been duly executed, we rowed back to our ships/Leaving the above-mentioned as a memorial for Posterity and for the Natives of this Land/ who did not show themselves/ though we suspect some of them were not far from there, watching our movements and doings with keen eyes/ we did not bother about vegetables/ because the sea ran so high that nobody could get near the Land except by swimming/ so that it was impossible to get anything into the pinnace. This whole day we had the wind chiefly north. In the evening we took the sun’s azimuth and found a variation of 3 degrees northeasterly. At sunset we got a stiff northerly wind/which gradually increased to such a gale from the northwest/ that we were compelled to lower both our Yards and to drop our second bower-anchor –

To-day 4 do.
At daybreak the storm had abated the weather was gentle and the wind from the land/ being west by north/ we hove our small bower-anchor again/having weighed the said Anchor/and got it above water/ we saw that both the flukes were broken off so far that we hauled home nothing but the bare shank/ we weighed our other Anchor too/ and set sail in order to run to the north passing landward of the northern-most Islands/ and to seek a good watering place/ here we have been lying at anchor in the Southern latitude of 43 Longitude 167½ ditto. Before noon the wind westerly/ At noon observed latitude 42 degrees 40 minutes longitude 168 degr. Course made northeast/ and sailed 8 miles in the afternoon the wind north-west the whole day and had very variable winds/ in the evening again west northwest/ with a stiff gale. We turned to the north while sailing out of this Bay/ and all through the day/

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1. Thus the Land appears on December 4th. 1642 in the southern Latitude of 43 degrs. 38 Minutes when it is 2 Miles away from you N.W. by W. N. by W.

2. Thus the Land appears on Xber 4th. 1642 in the Southern Latitude of 42 degrees 40 Minutes as the main. S.W. by S. Maria Island W.S.W.

3. Land 4 a 4½ miles and the Islands 2½ a 3 miles away from you, - W.N.W. N.W. by W.

4. N.W. by N. the Hon. Sir Schoutens Island N. by W. and N.N.W. N. and N. by West.

5. Appearance on Xber 5th. 1642 When it is 8 miles away from you S.W. by S.S.W. and S.W. by S.S.W S.W. by W.

6. W. the Hon. Sir Van der Lijns Island W. by N. and W.N.W.

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we saw along the coast many columns of smoke ascending from Fires/ here we should like to describe the bearings of the Coast and these islands lying nearby but for briefness’ sake we beg to be excused from doing so/we refer to the little chart that has been made of these and is appended here

To-day 5 Ditto
In the morning the wind northwest by west/ we still made our Course as before/ the high Round Mountains/ which we had seen the day before/ lay now due West of us 6 miles from there the Land falls off to the northwest/So that here we could no Longer keep close to the Land/ the wind being almost dead against us Therefore we convened the Council with the second mates with whom after due deliberation we resolved and called out to the Officers of the Zeehaen to shape the Course due East in accordance with the Resolution of the 11th ultimo/ and to run on with that Course to the full Longitude of 195 degrees or the Salomanis Islands/ all of which may be seen at length in to-days Resolution/ At noon estimated latitude 41 degrees 34 ms. Longitude 169 degr. Course made Northeast by North/ and sailed 20 miles: Shaped our Course Due East/ in order to make further discoveries/ and also in order to avoid falling amidst the variable winds between the trade-wind and the anti-tradewind/ the win northwest steady Breeze/ At night the wind west Stiff steady gale and good clear weather –

Today 6th Ditto
In the morning the wind Southwest/ but with a slack Breeze/ at noon we had reached the latitude of 41 degr./5 mi. Longitude 172 degr:35 mi./ Course made east and sailed 40 miles/ all afternoon it was very calm and still the sea ran high from all sides/but most from the Southwest/ In the evening while the watch was being set/ we got a steady Breeze/ from the East northeast and north east.

Today 7th ditto.
The northeast wind continued blowing as strongly as during the night/ At noon estimated to have the latitude of 42 degrees 12 min: and 174 degr:31 mi:/ Course made Southeast by east and sailed 26 miles/ variation increasing Northeasterly 5.degr: 45 minutes.

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Today 8 ditto.
At night calm and the wind turned to the west and northwest. At noon had the estimated latitude of 42 degr: 29 mi: and Longitude 176 degr: 17 min. Course made east by south/ and sailed 20 miles.

Today 9 ditto.
Drifted into a calm so that by estimation we were carried 3 miles Southeastward/At noon observed latitude 42 degr:37 minutes and Longitude 176 degr:29 minutes/variation 5 degrees/ towards the Evening we got a light Breeze from the west northwest.

Today 10 Ditto.
Now and then a Rainshower/ mixed with Hail/ we had the wind westerly Top-Gallant Breeze/ At noon observed latitude 42 degrees 45 mi: and Longitude 178 degr:40 minutes/ Course made East and sailed 24 miles.

Today 11 Ditto.
Good weather with a clear sky/ and the wind westerly top-gallant Breeze/ At non observed latitude 42 degr:48 minutes Longitude 181 degr: 51 mi . Course made East and sailed 38 miles had variation 7 degr: increasing northeasterly.

Today 12 do.
Good weather/ and the wind Southsouthwest/ and Southwest/ that with a steady Breeze/ At noon observed latitude 42 degr:38 min: and Longitude 185 degr:17 mi: Course made East & sailed 38 miles/ the heavy swell continuing still from the Southwest/ so tat South of here no big Land should be expected – Variation 7 degrees northeasterly.

Today 13 do.
Observed latitude 42 degr: 10 min: Longitude 1188 degr:28 mi: Course made East by North/ and sailed 36 miles the wind Southsouthwest that with a top-gallant breeze/ towards noon we saw a Large and Highly elevated Land/ we had it Southeast of us at about 15 miles distance/ shaped our Course Southeast/making straight for the Land/ Fired a gun/ and in the afternoon floated the while Flag/ whereupon the Officers of the Zeehaen came on board of us/ When we resolved with each other to make the said Land as soon as possible/ all such for Reasons as this day’s Resolution explains at length.

[Page 35]
In the evening we deemed it advisable/ and ordered our makes/ to maintain the Southeast Course/ as long as it remains quiet/ but to run due East if the Breeze should freshen/in order not to fall ashore/ and to prevent any accidents as far as we can/ for we sustain that this Land cannot be made from this side/ and that on account of the High open sea/ which is running into it with huge hollow waves and a heavy swell: unless there should happen to be some land-locked bays on side/ in the first watch four glasses having run out we shaped our Course Due East/ variation 7 degr:30 minutes/ northeasterly –

Today 14 do.
At noon observed latitude 42 degr:10 mi: and Longitude 189 degr:3 mi: Course made East/ and sailed 12 miles we were about 2 miles off the Coast/ it was a very high double Land/ but on account of the thick clouds we could not see the summits of the mountains/ we now made our Course along to the north so close to it that we could constantly see the surf break against the Land.in the afternoon at about 2 miles distance from the Land we sounded in 55 fathom, sticky sandy bottom/ it was quite calm/ towards the evening we saw a Low Point north-east by north of us/ about 3 miles away. We were drifting – the greater part of the time in a calm – to said point/ in the middle of the afternoon we sounded in 45 fathom sticky Bottom/ further we were all during the night drifting in a calm/ the sea running from the west north west, so that we got near the land, in 28 fathom Anchoring ground/ where on account of the calm/ and for fear of drifting nearer to the shore/we cast our kedge-anchor during the day-watch, waiting for the Land-wind –

Today 15 ditto.
In the morning a light breeze from the Land/ we weighed our anchor/and did our best to get a little further away from shore out into the sea/ Course Northwest by north/ WE now had the northernmost low point of the day before north northeast and northeast by north of us/ This Land consists of a high double mountain-range/ not lower than Illa Formosa/ At noon observed latitude 41 degr: 40mi: and Longitude 189 degr: 49mi: Course made northnortheast and sailed 8 miles/ then the point of the day before lay South-east of us 2½ mile away from this point northward extends a large rocky reef projecting above the water/ on the Reef are standing some high steep cliffs/

[Page 36]
resembling towers or sails Near this point one mile west of it no bottom. As we still saw this high Land extend from here till (in the) northnorth East of us/ we shaped our Course Due north with good dry weather/ and smoth water/ from this Low Point before described with the Cliffs the Land makes a large curve to the north-east and extends first due east/ afterwards north again/the same beforementioned Point is lying in the Southern latitude of 41 degr:50mi: the wind west/ it was easy to seen on the water here that in these parts the Land was desolate to look at/ besides we did not see any human beings nor any smoke whatsoever/ nor are they likely to have any boats here/ since we did not see any trace of boats/ In the evening 8 degr: northeasterly –

Today 16 ditto.
Six Glasses before noon we sounded in 60 fathom good anchoring-ground/ then the northernmost point we had in sight bore northeast by east/ from us about 3 miles off and the nearest Land lay Southeast of us 1½ mile away/ drifted in a calm with good weather and smooth water/ At noon the latitude reached was 40 degr: 58 mi: and 189 degr: 54 mi: average longitude Course made north northeast and sailed 11 miles/ all afternoon we were drifting in a calm in the evening at sunset we had 9 deg: 23 mi: increasing northeasterly/We got the wind/ with a stiffening Breeze Southwest. Found the farthest point we could see of the land/ to bear East by North of us/ where it fell off so abruptly/ that we did not doubt it to end there/ convened our Council/ with the Second mates/ with whom we Resolved to run north northeast northeast until the end of the first watch and then to lay her to/ in case weather and wind do not change/ all which may be seen at length from to-day’s Resolution/ At night in the sixth glass it became calm again/ so that we stuck to our East north east Course/ though we had the Point in the evening Southeast of us

[Page 37]
in the fifth Glass of the Dog-watch/ We could not sail higher than east northeast slightly easterly owing to the Sharpness of the wind/ in the first watch and again in the dogwatch we took soundings/ in 60 fathom Clean grey sand/ in the second glass of the Day-watch we Got a little Breeze from the Southeast, we then made for the coast.

Today 17 ditto.
In the morning at sunrise/ we were about a mile away from the coast/ Saw at various places Smoke ascending from fires made by the Natives/ the wind then being South and from the Land/ we turned Eastward again/ At noon estimated to have the Latitude of 40 degr: 32 minutes 190 degr: 47mi longitude/ Course made northeast by East/ and sailed 12 miles/ in the afternoon the wind west/ Course East by South along a low Land with dunes with good dry weather in 30 fathom deep black sand/ so that one may well sound the land aforesaid when approaching it by night We thus made for this Sandy Point till 17 fathom/ where we came to anchor at Sunset/ on account of calm/ while we had the northernmost of the dry sandy Point west by north of us/also high Land extending to East by South/ seeing the point of the Reef Southsoutheast of us Inside this Point or Narrow Sand spit we saw a large open bay/ easily 3 or 4 miles wide/ east of this Narrow sandy point there is a extension of the spit, 6:7:8,9:10 feet deep/ this is a Sandy Reef lying under water and extending from the forementioned Point to East Southeast/ In the evening 9 degrees northeasterly -

Today 18 ditto.
In the morning we weighed anchor in calm weather/ At noon estimated latitude 40 degr: 49 m: Longitude 191 degr: 41 mi: Course made East Southeast and sailed 11 miles In the morning before we had our anchor on board/ we resolved with the Officers of the Zeehaen/ that we shall try to get ashore on this land/ and to find a good Harbour/

[Page 38]
as we shall near it/ we should send the Pinnace ahead/all to be found in Extenso in to-days Resolution/ in the afternoon our Skipper Jde Tierxsr: and the pilot Major Francoys Jacobs went in the Pinnace, together with the cock-boat of the Zeehaens in which were the Supercargo Gissemans and one of their mates, ahead of us/ in order to look for an anchoring- and watering-place near the Land/ at sunset, because it became calm, we dropped our Anchor in 15 fathom good anchoring-ground/ in the evening about one Hour after Sunset/ we saw many Lights on the Land/ and four boats close inshore two of which came towards us/ upon which our two boats returned on board Reporting that they had found no less than 13 fathom water/ and that with the hiding of the Sun/ which set behind the high Land/ they were still half a mile from shore/ After our men had been aboard for about one glass/those in the two Proas began calling to us/ that in a Rough, hollow voice/ but we could not understand the slightest of it/ however we Called out to them in token of Answer/ whereupon they started again several times but did not come nearer than a stone-shot: They also blew several times on an instrument which made a sound like a Moorish trumpet/ we had one of our sailors/ who could blow the Trumpet a little/ blow them in reply those of the Zeehaen made their second mate (who had come out to as a trumpeter/ and had in Mauritius been appointed second mate by the Council of that fortress and of those ships) do likewise/ after this had been repeated several times on both sides/ and it was getting more and more dark/ those in the boats at last stopped/ and padded off/We ordered our men (for security and to be well on our Guard) to keep watch in Full Quarters as we are wont to do at Sea/

[Page 39]
and we took care to have sufficient Ammunition of War/ such as muskets, pikes and cutlasses, in readiness. We cleaned the guns on the upper orlop also/ and placed them again/ in order to prevent accidents and to be able to defend ourselves/ if these People should happen to attempt anything. Variation 9 degr: northeasterly.

Today 19 ditto.
Early in the morning a boat from these people carrying 13 men approached to about a stone’s throw from our ships/ they called out several times/ but we could not understand them/ their speech not having any resemblance to the vocabulary which the Hon. Governor and Councillors of India have given us along/ but that is not surprising since it contains the languages of the Salomonis Islands/and these people were as far as we could see of common Stature/ but Rough of voice/ and bones/ their Colour between brown and yellow/ they had black hair/ tied together tight on the Crown of the head/ in the manner and fashion of the Japanese at the back of the head/ but somewhat Longer and thicker of hair/ which was surmounted by a Large white thick Feather/ their boats consisted of two long narrow Proas side by side/ over which some Planks or other seats were laid/ in such a way that one can look through underneath the vessel above water/ their Paddles are about a big fathom Long/ Narrow and pointed at the end/ they managed these vessels most skillfully/ Their Dress was (it seemed) with some of mats/ others of Cotton/ Some or nearly all wore the upper part of the body naked/ We motioned them several times to come on board showed them white Linen/ and some knives that formed part of our Cargo/they did not come nearer. However, but at last paddled back again/ Meanwhile the officers of the Zeehaen at a summons the evening before/ appeared on board of us/ whereupon we convinced the Council/ with whom we resolved to run as close inshore with the ships as we Could come since good Anchoring Ground and these people (it seems) were seeking our friendship/ Shortly after drawing this Resolution we saw 7 more boats coming from shore one of which, high and Sharply curved upwards in front, manned with 17 natives/ paddled round behind the Zeehaen/ and a second (in which 13 sturdy men) came within half a stone-throw of our forebody./ they were both calling to each other at times we waved and showed to them/ as before/ white Linen/ but remained where they were/

[Page 40]
the Skipper of the Zeehaen sent his Quartermaster in the Cockboat with 6 Paddlers to their ship so as to give orders to the second mate that/ if these people wanted to Come aboard, they should not allow too many of them on deck/ but be cautious and well on guard/ As soon as the cock-boat of the Zeehaen paddled away to her ship/ those of the proa nearest to us Called out and waved their paddles to those who were lying behind the Zeehaen/ but we could not know what they meant/ Just as the Cock-boat of the Zeehaen put off from board again/ those who were lying before us between the two Ships began to paddle so Furiously towards it/ that about halfway nearer to our ship they struck the Zeehaen’s cock-boat in the side with the stem so it got a violent lurch/ upon which the foremost in this proa of Villains with a long Blunt Pike thrust the Quartermaster Cornelis van Joppen in the neck several times so fiercely that he fell overboard Whereupon the other with Short Thick Clubs (which at first we thought it to be Heavy Blunt Parrangs and Their Paddles, attached and overpowered the Cock-boat in which fray three of the Zeehaen’s men were killed/and a fourth by the fierce Blows/ got mortally wounded/ the Quartermaster and two sailors swam to our ship/ and we sent our Pinnace to meet them/ into which they got alive/ After this Enormous Event and detestable Affair/ the murderers left the cock-boat drifting having taken one of the Dead into their Proa/ and drowned another We and those of the Zeehaen Seeing this diligently Fired our muskets and big Guns/ but though we did not hit them they fell back and paddled to the shore beyond the reach of shot We fired several Shots with our upper-deck and Bow guns near and about their vessels but did nor Hit any/

[Page 41]
our Skipper Ide Tiercxs Holman rowed in our Pinnace, well manned and armed,to the cock-boat of the Zeehaen which these accursed people/ fortunately for us had let drift/ and forthwith returned with it to our ship/ having found in it one of the Dead/ and the one mortally wounded/ We Weighed anchor and set sail/ since we could not expect to enter into any friendly relations with these people or to get Water or refreshments here Having weighed our Anchors and being under Sail/ we Saw 22 proas near the shore eleven of which (swarming with people) were making for us/ We kept quiet until some of the foremost were within reach of our guns/ when we fired 1 or 2 Shots from the pieces in the Gunroom but in vain/ those of the Zeehaen fired also/ and hit one man in the foremost Proa (who was standing with a white little flag in his hand) so that he fell down we also heard the bullets strike the Proa inside and outside/but what further effect it had/ remained unknown to us/ As soon as they had got this shot/ they returned to shore with great speed/ two of them hoisting a sort of tingang sails they remained lying close inshore/ without visiting us any more/ about noon the Skipper Gerrit Jans and Mr Gissemans came again on board of us/ we sent for our say their first Mate also/ whereupon we convened the Council/ and Resolved with them the following: Since the detestable act of these natives against four of the men of the Zeehaen/ perpetrated this morning/ must teach us to consider the Inhabitants of this Country as Enemies/ we should therefore run eastward along the coast/ according to the trend of the Land/ in order to see whether we may find anywhere fitting Places where some refreshments and water would be obtainable/as at greater length is mentioned in the Resolution/

[Page 42]
at this murderer’s place (which we have also named Murderer’s bay) we lay at anchor in the Southern Latitude of 40 degr: 50 mi: Longitude of 191 degr: 30 mi: from here we shaped our course east northeast/ At noon estimated Latitude 40degr: 57 mi: Longitude 191 degr: 41 mi: Course made South and sailed 2 miles/ in the afternoon the wind from the west northwest we then turned northeast by north/ At the advice of our Mates and with our own approval At night we let her run on as the weather was Clear but about one hour after midnight we sounded in 25 or 26 Fathom Hard Sandy Ground/ Shortly thereafter the wind was northnorthwest we sounded in 15 fathoms we forthwith turned about so as to await the day/ shaped our Course to the west Exactly Contrary to which we had Entered Variation 9 Degr: 30 minutes/ Northeasterly –

Friday 20 ditto.
In the morning we saw land lying all about us here so that we had sailed at least 30 miles into a bay We had at first thought that the Land off which we had anchored was an Island/ not doubting that we should find here a passage into the open South Sea/ but to our hearty disappointment it proved quite otherwise/ the wind being west now we henceforth did our best by tacking to get out of the same Passage by which we had come in At noon we found ourselves in the Southern Latitude of 40 degr: 51 mi: and 192 degr: 55 mi: Longitude Course made East half a point more northerly/ and sailed 14 miles/ in the afternoon it was calm/ the sea running so strongly into this bay that we could not advance/ drifted back into the Bay with the sea(s)/ At noon we turned northward/ and then saw a round high islet/ lying about 6 miles east of the place where we have been lying at anchor/and Lying west by South of us at about 8 miles’ distance, which the day before we had passed/ in the same latitude/ in this bay into which we had sailed such a distance by mistake/

[Page 43]
the Land all around looked fine and good/ on the Seaside the Land was generally low and barren/ the interior moderately high/ in approaching the land a gradually rising Anchoring Ground/ from 60 or 50 Fathom to 15 Fathom/ when you are still fully 1 ½ or 2 mile from Shore/ At 3 o’clock in the afternoon we got a little Breeze from the Southeast/ but as the sea was very rough we made little or no headway during the night drifted in a calm/ in the second watch the wind west we sailed/ or turned to the north

This is the second Land along which we sailed and which we discovered/ and we have given to it the name of Staaten Landt/ in honor of the High and Mighty Lords the States/ since it might well be (though this is not certain) that it is connected with the Staatten Landt

this Same Land seems to be a very beautiful Country/ and we believe that this is the mainland coast of the unknown Southland/ to this Route we have given the name of “Abell Jans Tasmans Passagie”/ because he is the first who has navigated it

[Page 44]
Today 21 ditto.
At night in the day-watch/ we got the wind westerly with a steady Breeze/ we let her run to the north/ in the hope that the Land which the day before we had northwest of us, would fall off to the north there/ but after the cook had dished up we ran up to it again/ and it still extended to the northwest/ we turned again away from the coast/ At noon observed latitude 40 degr: 31mi: and Longitude 192 degr: 55mi: Course made north/ and sailed 5 miles/ and it was hazy/ so that we could not see Land/ Halfway the afternoon we saw the South-coast again/ and had the Island which the previous day was about 6 miles west of us/we had the same Southwest by South of us at about 4 miles’ distance/ we made for it/ Ran on until the Island was north northwest of us/ there we dropped our Anchors behind some Cliffs/ in 33 Fathom/ Sandy bottom mixed with shells/ here it is full of Islands/ and Cliffs we lowered our Yards for a storm was blowing from the Northwest/ and west northwest

Today 22 ditto.
The wind northwest by north/ and a stiff breeze still blowing/ so that there was no question of going under sail to make some progress/ we found it hard enough to stay at anchor here/ We also put our Ship in somewhat better order/ we are lying here in the Southern latitude of about 40 degr: 50 mi: and Longitude 192 degr: 37 mi: Course made Southwest by South/ sailed 6 mile/ At night we got such a strong wind from the northwest/ that we had to take the topmasts down/ and drop another Anchor/the Zeehaen began to drag already/ but she dropped another anchor also

Today 23 do.
Still dark Hazy drissly weather the wind northwest and west northwest/that with a storm/ so that we could not yet go on to our great Regret

Today 24 do.
Still rough unsteady weather the wind still northwest with storm/ In the morning we had a calm moment ran up the white Flag and got the Officers of the Zeehaen on board to whom we proposed (since the tide comes from the Southeast so that there might well be a passage/whether it would not be Best/

[Page 45]
as soon as weather and wind will Permit to find that out and to see whether we could get fresh water there/ as may be seen at length from the Resolution drawn up in regard to this matter

Today 25 ditto.
In the morning we set our tops and yards again/ but out at sea things were still looking so bad that we dared not weigh anchor yet towards the Evening it became calm so that we took in Part of our Cable

Today 26th ditto
In the morning 2 Hours before Dawn we got the Wind east northeast with a very light Breeze/ Weighed our Anchors and set sail/ we shaped our Course north in order to sail northward round this Land At daybreak it began to drizzle and the wind went around to Southeast and then South to Southwest with a stiff Breeze We sounded in 60 fathom shaped our Course by the wind to the west At noon estimated latitude of 40 degrees 13 minutes and 192 degr. 7 minutes Longitude Course made north north west and sailed 10 miles Variation 8 degr:40 min: During the night we lay to with Small Sail

To-day 27 ditto
In the morning at Daybreak we made sail again shaped our course north the wind Southwest that with a steady Breeze/ At noon observed latitude 38 degr. 38 mi: and Longitude 190 degr 15 mi Course made northnortheast/and sailed 26 miles At noon we shaped our Course northeast During the night we lay to under Small Sail/Variation 8 degr: 20 minutes

Today 28 do
In the morning at Daybreak we made sail again shaped our Course East in order to find out whether the foregoing Land which we had seen in 40 degr: is extending still further to the north/ or rather falls off to the east/ At noon we saw east by North of us a high mountain/ we at first took it to be an Island but afterwards we saw that it formed the extending coast/ and we were about 5 miles away from the coast we took soundings in 50 fathom Fine Sand mixed with clay/ the same high Mountain is lying in the Southern latitude of 38 degrees/this Coast extends so as I could see, South and North/ And it became calm/

[Page 46]
but got a light Breeze from the northnortheast/ we turned to the northwest/ At noon had the estimated latitude of 38 degr: 2 minutes and Longitude 192 degr 23 mi: Course made northeast by east/and sailed 16 miles towards the evening we got the wind northeast and northeast by east/ and the wind stiffened more and more/ at the end of the first watch we had to take in our top-sails/ variation 8 degr: 30 minutes

Today 29 ditto
In the morning at daybreak we took in our bonnets so that we had to lower our foresail down to the stem/ At noon made Estimation to be in the latitude of 37 degr: 17 mi: and Longitude 191 degr: 26 mi: towards noon we set our foresail again and then ran westward/ Course made northwest/ and sailed 16 miles.

Today 30 ditto.
In the morning the weather slightly better/ we set our tops-sails and laced our bonnets/we had the Zeehaen to lee of us and made for her/ had the wind west northwest with a top-gallant Breeze/ At noon observed latitude 37 degr: and Longitude 191 degr. 55 mi: Course made northeast/and sailed 7 miles/ towards the evening we saw the Land again and had it northeast and northnortheast of us/we therefore ran to the North and northnorth East/ Variation 8 degr: 40 minutes northeasterly.

Today Ul mo ditto.
At noon we turned to the north and the wind west northwest/ light Breeze/ at noon observed latitude 36 degr; 45 mi: and longitude 191 degr: 46 mi:/ Course made northwest/ and Sailed 7 miles/ in the evening we were about 3 miles from shore/ in the first watch at the end of four Glasses we turned to the South/ at the end of the first watch we turned again to the north At night we sounded in 80 fathoms/ this Coast here extends Southeast and northwest/this Land is high Land in some places/ and covered with dunes in others/ Variation 8 Degrees.

[Page 47]
Today p mo January
In the morning we drifted in a calm along this coast which here extends northwest/ and southeast/this here is a smooth coast/ without reefs or shoals/ At noon we had the latitude of 36 degr: 12 mi: and Longitude 191 degr: 7 mi: Course made north northwest and sailed 10 miles/ about noon we Got the wind Southsoutheast and Southeast/ shaped our Course west northwest/ in order to keep sufficiently off shore since the sea breaks against it here with great force Variation 8 deg: 30 mi: northeasterly

Today 2 Ditto
Calm. Halfway the afternoon we got a little Breeze from the east/ Shaped our Course north northwest/ in order not to come too near the shore/ shaped our Course/ at the end of the first watch/ northwest since in the evening we had the Land northnorthwest of us/ thus trying to prevent accidents/ At noon latitude of 35 degr: 55 mi: and Longitude 190 degr: 47 mi:Course made northwest by west/ and sailed 7 miles Variation 9 degrees

Today 3 do
In the morning we saw the Land East by North/ of us at about 6 miles’ distance/ were surprised that we were so far from shore/ At noon observed latitude 35 degr: 20 mi: Longitude 190 degr 17 mi Course made northwest by north and sailed 11 miles/ At noon we got the wind South Southeast and then we shaped our Course east northeast to get near the shore again/ In the evening we had land to the north, and east Southeast of us

Today 4 Ditto.
In the morning we were here near a cape/ and had an Island northwest by north of us/ wherefore we hoisted the white flag/ so that the Officers of the Zeehaen would come on board/ together we resolved/ to make the said Island/ in order to see whether we could perhaps obtain there Fresh water vegetables etc./

At noon observed latitude 34 degr: 35 mi: longitude 191 degr: 9 mi: Course made northeast/ and sailed 15 miles and the wind southsoutheast/ towards noon drifted in a calm/ we found ourselves here in a strong current which took us to the west there was here also a heavy sea running from the Northeast which gave us not

[Page 48]
a little joy/ because we might find a Passage here/ this cape which bore east northeast of us/ is lying in the Southern latitude of 34 Degrees 30 mi/ the land falls off here to the East/ In the evening we sent the Pilot-Major with the Secretary to the Zeehaen/ as we were near the Island/ and apparently we could not observe/ that anything was obtainable here/ that we might need/ we therefore sent for the Zeehaen’s officers’ advice/ whether it would not be best/ if we should get a good wind during the night/ to run on/which our friends also judged to be best/ that if we should get a good wind we shall run on/ variation 8 deg: 40 minutes/ northeasterly---

Today 5 ditto
In the morning we were still drifting in a calm/ but at about 9 o’clock we got a light breeze from the Southeast/we deemed it advisable with the friends of the Zeehaen/ to shape our Course towards the Island/ about noon we sent our Pinnace with the Pilot-Major together with the boat of the Zeehaen with the cargo Gissemans/ to said Island to find out whether there was any fresh water to be had there/ In the evening they returned on Board/ Reporting that having come close to the Land/ they had paid close attention to everything and had been very Cautious/ so as not to be surprised or assaulted by the natives/ that they had entered a safe/ but small bay/ where they found good fresh water which was falling from a Steep mountain/in great Abundance/ but on account of the heavy Surf it was dangerous/ nay impossible to take it in there/ therefore they rowed further around this Island/ to see whether some other convenient Places + on the highest mountains about 30 or 35 Persons/ men of tall stature/ as far as they could see from that distance armed with sticks or Clubs, who called to them in a Rough loud voice/ which our men could not understand/ that in walking they took enormously big wide steps or strides/ As were rowing about some few in number now and then showed themselves/ on the hill-tops from which our men concluded

[Page 49]
quite credibly that these people generally keep in readiness their
Assagays, boats and small arms in their usual manner so that in this island few, if any more people are likely to live than the ones that showed themselves/ for while rowing about the Island our men nowhere saw any dwellings or cultivated land except just by the fresh water before mentioned, where above on both sides of the running water everywhere square plots looking green and pleasant/ after the manner of our fatherland/ but on account of the great distance they could not see what kind of vegetables/ it is quite possible that these people have all their dwellings near the said fresh water/ in the bay aforesaid they had also seen two proas hauled ashore/ one of them seaworthy and the other broken. they nowhere saw any other vessels. Our men having returned with the Pinnace/ we forthwith did our best to get near the Shore where in the evening at about a small swivelgun- shot’s distance from the coast we anchored in 40 Fathom good Bottom/ - we forthwith made preparations for taking in water the next Day/ said Island is in the Southern latitude of 34 degr: 25 mi: and 190 degr: 40 mi: average longitude ---

6 ditto.
Early in the morning we sent both boats to wit our own and the Zeehaen’s each equipped with two swivel-guns/ six musketeers and the oarsmen armed with Pikes together with our Pinnace with the Pilot-major Francoijs Jacobs and the Skipper Gerrit Jans to the watering-Place/with casks for getting water/ while rowing thither they saw in various places and heights a tall man standing with a Long stick like a Pike apparently watching our men/ who called to our men in a very loud voice, while were passing by/ But when had got about half-way to the watering-place between a certain Cape and another large high cliff or small Islet they found the current running so strongly against the wind that with the empty boats they had to do their utmost to keep facing the waves/ therefore the Pilot-major and Gerrit Jans Skipper of the Zeehaen agreed with each other not to expose the small craft and the men to such a danger considering that

[Page 50]
there was such a long voyage still ahead of them and that the men and the small Craft were greatly wanted by the Ships they therefore pulled back to the ships again especially since a Heavy Surf was running on the shore near the watering place/ the breeze was freshening and as we could easily surmise/ that they had been unable to get ashore/ we made a sign from our Ship with the furled Flag and fired a Gun to let them know that they were at liberty to return/ but before we signaled they were already on their way back/ the Pilot-major having appeared with our Boats alongside the Ship again/ reported that on account of the wind was too dangerous/ as there was full of hard rocks all about/ without any Sandy Ground/ and that therefore the danger existed/of hurting the men and having the casks unexpectedly broken we forthwith summoned the officers of the Zeehaen and the second mates on board of us and convened the Council/ with whom we resolved/ to weigh anchor immediately/ and to run with an Easterly Course to the Longitude of 220 degr;/ in accordance with the preceding Resolution/ then to run to the north or rather Due north as far as the Southern latitude of 17 degr:/ after which we shall shape our Course Due west in order to run the Cocques and Hoorusche Islands in sight and to provide ourselves there with water and refreshments or/ if we should meet with any other islands much earlier/ to make these in order to investigate what we may obtain there/ all this being specified at length in the Resolution of to-day, to which for Briefness’ sake we refer/ about noon we set Sail/ at noon we had the Island about 3 miles Due South of us In the evening at Sunset we had the same 6 or 7 miles Southsouthwest of us/ the Cliffs and the island lying Southwest and northeast of each other/ During the night we had a good quiet East Southeasterly wind Course very close to the wind northnortheast the Sea running from the northeast.

Today 7 ditto.
Good weather/ and the wind East by South/ and East Southeast and Southeast/ that with a Top-gallant Breeze/ At noon observed latitude 33 degr: 25 mi: and Longitude 191 degr 9 min: Course made northeast and sailed 16 miles/ the Sea runs very high from the Easterly side/ so that east of us there is not likely to be any Mainland/ Variation 8 degr: 30 minutes.

Today 8 ditto
During the night good weather/ before noon fog with drizzling Rain/ had this whole Day the wind from the Southeast/ with a Top-gallant Breeze/ At noon observed latitude 32 degr: 25 mi: and Longitude 192 degr: 20 mi: Course made northeast/and sailed 21 miles/ the heavy Swell is now running from the Southeast/ this passage from Batta to Chilij is a smooth fair way: so that there is nothing against navigating this track/ we shall hereafter describe this passage by way of Instructions/ but at present leave that aside for Reasons/ Variation 9 Degrees – northeasterly.

Today 9 do
We had Variable Easterly winds with a light Breeze/ At noon estimated to be in the latitude of 32 degr: 4 minutes and Longitude 192 degr: 43 min: Course made northeast/ and sailed 7 miles/ At night drifted in a calm.

Today 10th ditto
Before noon still Calm/ a little Breeze from easterly directions/ At noon observed latitude 31 degr: 28 mi and Longitude 192 degr: 43 mi: Course made north and sailed 9 miles/ in the afternoon we got the wind East northeast/ that with a Light Top-gallant Breeze/ our Course was still northerly to the wind/ In the evening at Sunset/we got the wind north by East so that we then turned to the East/ northeasterly 10 Degrees 30 minutes

Today 11th do
The Wind still more northerly that with a light Top-gallant Breeze and the seas are running from the East Southeast and from the Southwest against one another/ At noon we estimated to be in the Southern latitude of 31 degr: 10 mi: and Longitude 193 degrees 35 minutes Course made East northeast/ and sailed 12 miles/ in the afternoon we got the wind northwest and shaped our Course East northeast/ In the evening we got the wind west Southwest with a Rain squall/ shaped our Course to the northeast/ variation 10 degrees ---

Today 12 do
The wind west Southwest top-gallant Breeze/ and the seas are still running against each other from the Southwest/ as well as from the Southeast/ At noon observed latitude 30 degr 5 mi: and Longitude 195 degr 27 m: Course made northeast by east/ and sailed 29 miles/ towards the evening we Got the wind west/ Variation 9 degr: 30 minutes

Today 13 Ditto
Good weather with a Clear Sky/ and the wind west with a light Top-gallant Breeze/ At noon observed latitude 29 degr: 10 mi: and Longitude 196 degr 32 M: Course made northeast/ and sailed 20 miles/ the Sea is still running high from the Southwest/ and Southeast In the evening we Got the wind Southwest that with a light Breeze/ variation 9 degr: northeasterly

Today 14 do.
In the morning the wind southerly/ that with a light breeze/ the sea still running high from the Southwest and also from the Southeast/ At noon observed latitude 28 degr: 40 mi: and Longitude 197 degr: 5 mi: course made northeast and sailed 10 miles/ At noon we got the wind Southsoutheast/ with slackening weather/ up to now we have had the westerly winds/ variation 8 degr: 30 minutes northeasterly

15 do.
Good weather and the sea from the southwest/ beginning to smoothe/ so that the swell that was coming from the Southwest/ has already considerably decreased/

but the sea from the Southeast is still running high/ At noon we had the Estimated latitude of 27 degr: 43 min: and the Longitude of 198 degr: 9 mi:/ Course made northeast and sailed 20 miles/ the wind southsoutheast with a top-gallant breeze/ I am according to my Estimate 105 miles east of the Salomonis Islands now/ but according to the average longitude/ 62 miles Variation 8 degr: 15 minutes.

Today 16 ditto
Good weather and that with a Clear Sky/ and the wind from Southerly direction/ the Sea running practically from all sides/ we had a light Top-gallant Breeze/ At noon observed latitude 26 degr: 29 mi: and Longitude 199 degr 32 mi: Course kept northeast/ and sailed 26 miles/ In the evening we got the wind Southeast ---

Today 17 ditto
Good weather and the wind Southeast, Trade-wind weather/ At noon observed Latitude 25 degr 20 mi: and Longitude 200 degr: 50 mi: Course made northeast and sailed 25 miles/ that with smooth water Variation 8 Degrees

Today 19 ditto
Good weather and the wind southeast and southsoutheast that with a steady trade-wind/ and smooth water/ At noon observed latitude 22 degr: 46 mi: and longitude 203 degr: and 27 mi: Course made northeast and sailed 33 miles/ in the afternoon at about 2 o’clock we saw land and had it east by north of us at about 8 miles’ distance/ shaped our Course towards it but could not make it owing to the sharpness of the wind/ this Island appears like 2 Woman’s breasts/

[Page 53]
when it is east by north of us at 6 miles’ distance/ and it is lying in the Southern latitude of 22 degr: 35 mi: and Longitude of 204 degr 15 mi:/ it is not very large about 2 or 3 miles in circumference, a high and steep barren island apparently/ we should have liked to sail close along it in order to see whether we might obtain water or some vegetables there/ but we could not get nearer to it/ on account of the Sharpness of the wind/ we sailed close to the wind/ as in this latitude four Islands are found on the big Chart of the Southsea this one might perhaps be the same/ since they are in the same latitude/ variation 7 degrees 30 minutes.

To-day 20 ditto
In the morning at sunrise/ we still saw the island that we had seen the day before/ and it bore Southsouthwest of us about 6 miles away/ to this Island we have given the name of high Pylstaerts island/ because there were so many Pintails about/ we had the wind southsoutheast and Southeast by South Trade-wind weather/ Top-gallant breeze/ At noon observed latitude 21 degr 50 mi: and Longitude 204 degr: 54 mi: Course made northeast by east and sailed 24 miles/ at about one o’clock in the afternoon we saw Land and had it east of us at about 8 miles’ distance/ we held our Course towards it/ At night we lay to with Small Sail Variation 7 degrees 15 mi: northeasterly

Today 21 ditto
In the morning a calm/ we had the Southernmost Island East by South of us/ at about 5 miles’ distance we held our Course to the northernmost Island/ because it was the Largest of the two Islands this Southernmost island is lying in the Southern latitude of 21 degr: 50 mi: and Longitude 205 degr: 29 minutes we sailed to the northwest side of the Island and dropped our Anchors there/ in 25 Fathoms Coral bottom/ where we came to anchor is in the Southern latitude of 21 degr: 20 mi: and Longitude 205 degr: 29 mi: these 2 Islands bear about Southeast/ and northwest of each other/ we could see through between them it seemed to be about 1½ mile wide/ of which the Southeasternmost was the highest/ the northernmost being a low Island just as Holland is/ to the northernmost we have given the name of Amsterdam/ because of the abundance of refreshments that we obtained there/ the Southernmost we named Middelburch/ About noon a Small Proa with three men in it came from the Land near our ship/they were naked of

[Page 54]
Brown Colour/ and a little more than ordinary Stature. two of them had Long thick hair on their heads/ the third one had it close cut/ they had nothing but a small Curious bit of cloth before their privy parts/ their Proa was narrow and small covered to a good distance fore and aft/ the paddles of ordinary Length/ the blade with which they Scooped broad in the middle/ they called to us several times and we to them/ but we could not understand each other/ we showed them white Linen/ of which we threw a piece amply, 1½ fathom long, overboard/ which they seeing paddled towards it/ but as it was sinking and rather deep under water/ the foremost man in the Proa dived for it/ he stayed under water for a tremendously Long time/ at last he reappeared on the surface with the linen/ and got into the Proa/ after which he put the same Several Times on top of his head in token of Gratitude/ they then came with their Proa gradually a little nearer We threw a piece of Wood to them on which we had fastened 2 Bit Nails/ and handed them a small Chinese Looking-glass/with a Necklace of Chinese Beads/ which they drew by means of a long stick/ to which had tied one of their fish-hooks on a small fishing-line/ Which they handed up to us again in Recompense/ this Fish-hook was made of mother-of-pearl, and shaped like a small sardine/they repeatedly put the necklace/ of beads and the little mirror on their heads/ the middle one in the Proa tied the nails around his neck/ but as the looking-glass was closed with a slide they could not look in it/ therefore we handed them yet another one into which they looked/ and which they laid on their heads/ we showed them an Old Cocoanut and a Chicken/ asking from our Vocabulary for water hogs etc. but we did not understand them nor they us/they constantly pointed to the Shore/ after we had offered them the objects above mentioned/ and shown them the Cocoa-nut and the Chicken, they at last paddled back to shore/ and made signs to us as if they wanted to go and get something from shore./ At noon and in the afternoon we saw numbers of people walking along the beach/ some carrying little white flags/ which we presumed to be a sign of peace/ therefore we also hoisted our white flag astern/ thereupon a little Proa with four Persons came alongside our Ship Sturdy men having the body painted black from the waist to the thighs/

[Page 55]
their necks decorated/ with large leaves/ and bringing a white little Flag and a cloth made of the bark of trees/ this said little Flag he placed on the stem of our boat/ the outrigger of their proa was decorated with sea shells and conchs/ we concluded from these presents and from the embellishments of their Proa (which seemed to be more distinguished than the other 1) Proa that it came from the King or Chief of the Country/ therefore we presented them with a small Chinese looking-glass/ 1 knife / piece of dungaree and / or 2 nails / we had a rummer filled for them with wine / and drank first ourselves so that they would not think that we wanted to poison them or do any other harm / After we had handed them the Rummer / they Poured out the wind and took the Rummer with them to shore / Shortly afterwards a number of Proas came / some with 5 or 6 / others with 10 or 12 cocoa-nuts which we all bartered against old nails / 3 or 4 for a double middle-sired nail / some came swimming all the way from shore / with cocoanuts / all of which we bartered / later on an aged man came on board / to whom all the others paid honour / so that he seemed to be one of their Chiefs / we conducted him into the Cabin he paid us Reverence / bending his head down to our feet we in turn paid him our respects in our own way / we showed him Fresh water in a Cup / which he showed us by signs to be attainable on shore / we presented him with a knife, a little looking-glass and a piece of dungaree As they were leaving the cabin / one of the natives was caught in the act of stealing the Skipper’s Pistol with a Pair of slippers / we took these from him again / without showing the least displeasure / many of these people ad the lower part of the body painted black down to the Knees / some had a large mother-of-pearl Shell hanging on the Breast / towards the evening about 20 Proas came close to our ships / which all stationed themselves side by side in regular order / before coming alongside they made a big Noise Crying repeatedly / woo / woo woo &c at which those who were in our Ship sat down / then the said Proas paddled alongside b ringing with them a Present from the King consisting of a fine Large Hog a Party of Cocoa-nuts and Yams the bearer was the same person who brought us the white Flag and the tree-bark cloth / we presented him in return with a common dinner dish and a piece of / Copper wire / we alas bartered a few more Cocoa-nuts Plantains / Yams ad a Hog $c for Nails and Beads About nightfall they all left the Ship / except one / who remained to sleep on Board

[Page 56]
Today 22nd do
Early in the morning a great number of Proas came alongside again with Cocoanuts / Yams / Plantains Bananas / Hogs and Fowls / all of which we bartered with then / to wit a young Hog for a small Fathom of dungaree / a Chicken for a Nail or a string of Beads / the Cocoa-nuts / Yams / Bananas &c against old nails / several woman / old as well as young / came on board the older Woman had the little finger of both Hands cut off / but not so the Young Women / what this meant /we could not fine out about 8 o’clock that old Person of Yesterday came on board again bringing us two bags / for which we gave him a knife mounted with a silver rim and 8 or 9 nails / we conducted him downstairs and all about the ship to have a look at it / we alas fired one of our Heavy Guns / which frightened them so much that they ran away in amazement / but when they saw that nobody was suffering Harm / they soon became quiet again / we presented this old man with a piece of Figured Satin a Hat and Shirt which we put on him / About noon 32 small Proas / and one Large ditto furnished with a Sail and shaped like portrayed in Jacob de la Maire’s Journal in No came alongside of us / Out of these proas 18 sturdy men and a few Women came onboard of us / they brought some mats of Bark of Trees and Fruits such as Cocoa-nuts / yams and other roots / with which we were not acquainted / as Presents we presented the chief of these Persons / with a pair of trousers a shirt / a little looking – glass / and several Beads we put the trousers and the shirt on him with which he looked quite handsome / among these 18 Persons there was one corpulent man with a S. Thomas’ arm / and one woman who had a small natural beard about the mouth we made the Second Mate of the Zeeham with his trumpet and one of her sailors with a violin come on board of us and from time to time had them blow and play together with our Trumpeter and one of our sailors who could play the German Flute / this astonished them greatly / Meanwhile we had some water-casks put into our boat and that of the Zeeham / in order to go with these people and to see according to our Resolution / whether we could get water anywhere here / we placed in each Boat.

[Page 57]
a first mate our Skipper Tde Tjercx Holliman / and the Supercargo Gissemans accompanied the board in our pinnace / together with the old Man / and the one that had come on board this time / which People were to show our men the watering-place / we also placed some musketeers in our Pinnace / for although these People seem to be good-natured / one cannot know what they have in their hearts / therefore we armed our men to prevent mishap/ after our Boats had rowed a considerable Distance along the northeast side of this Land / they were finally Led to three small wells / from which the water had to be scooped up by means of a Cocoa-nut shell / this water was not fit / quite green and dirty of colour besides so little in quantity that even if it had been good we would not have been helped here / these People who had shown this place to our men / led them inland to a kind of Plaisance and Elegant Baleye/ where our men were placed on tine little mats/ These people did not bring there anything but two Cocoa-nut shells full of water one for the chief and the other for our skipper / towards evening our men returned with a Live Hog / and Reported that there was no chance at all of getting water there / this day we bartered more than 40 head of Hogs / Every hog for one double middle-sired nail and Half a Father of old Canvass and about 70 Chickens / every Chicken for one double nail &c a quantity of Cocoanuts / jams / bananas / and other Fruits against Beads In the evening one of the Chiefs had a Roast Pig Yams and other roots brought on board from the Shore / these People have no knowledge of Tobacco or of smoking tobacco / the Women have the body covered from the waist to the knees with mats of leaves of trees the Rest naked they wear the hair shorter than the men / the men wear a Beard usually 3 or 4 finger’s breadths long / on the chin above the mouth it is cut pretty short / their mustaches being kept not longer than about 2 straw’s breadths / We did not see any arms with these People so that it was all Peace and Amity / the current is not strong here / the ebb runs north east and the Flood tide Southwest, which according to our Calculation makes it high water here with a Southwesterly moon the rise and fall of the side is about 7 or 8 feet

To-day 23 do
In the morning we went to shore with Skipper Gerrit Jans and our two Boars and the Pinnace in order to dig wells and to see whether we could not get

[Page 58]
water here / when coming ashore we forthwith went to the Wells/ and made signs to the Chief / that the Wells had to be made Larger / He immediately gave his men Orders they did the same for us / He went with us to the Baleye / had a mat spread there / on which we sat down when we were seated he forthwith had us served with fresh milk and Cream Fresh Fish and all sorts of Fruits / of which there is plenty to be had there / they showed us great Respect and Friendship / asked us whence we came and where we waned to go we sold them / that we had been at sea for over a hundred days / at which they were very astonished / we said that we had come there for water Hogs / Chickens &c / to which he replied / that they had plenty of those as many as we desired / we got nine casks filled with Water / and they presented us with four Live Hogs / with a number of Chickens / Cocoa-nuts / Bananas &c we presented them with 1 Fathom of Linen One Knife / six Nails and 6 strings of Beads for which they thanked us cordially / we then went there with the three Chiefs / signifying to them that we wanted to leave the white Flag there near the baleye / in token of Peace / about which they were very glad / they took the Flag one after the other on the head / thereby seeking to prove that they sought nothing but Friendship / then they tied the Flag to the baleye to signify that they had made a covenant with us As the bottom here is steep and Abruptly falling off / our anchor slipped on account of the trade wind in the afternoon / and we drifted out to sea without being able to do anything against it / we did our best to get our Anchor on the Bow / but by Weakness of having only a few men on Board we could not fix it before midnight / we Bartered this Day still another lot of small Pigs Chickens so that we obtained about 100 Hogs / 150 chickens / and a goodly quantity of Cocoanuts / Yams / and other Fruits for both Vessels / At night had to stay in the Zeeham as we could not get to our own ship

In the morning had drifted fully 4 miles to lee of this Island / the Flute Zeeham having weighed Anchor we got near each other again in the forenoon and so came on board again we ordered the Zeeham’s mates also to come on board / whereupon we convinced the Council and proposed to them Together Since we had to leave this Land by interval and against our will and since there is little Chance of getting near it again except with great loss of time and since there is hardly any

[Page 59]
water worth mentioning to be had there / whether it would not be best and most advisable to proceed with the Voyage according to the previous Resolution and if we should happen to meet some other Islands / to make those, which was approved by the council as can be seen from the resolution of this day / Here where we had been at Anchor there were 2 Small Islets / High but Small about 1½ mile / in circumference / 7 or 8 miles away north by west of us /With a steady southeast trade wind we shaped our course to northeast / At noon we had the two Islets aforementioned Due East of us at 4 miles distance / these Islets are by Estimation in the Southern latitude of 20 Degrees 50 minutes / Longitude of 206 degr 4646 m About 30’ clock in the afternoon we saw 4 or 5 miles East northeast of us another low Island / pretty Large / we held our Course straight towards it Shortly afterwards saw east of us / 3 small Islets similarly in the southeast 2 small Islets / Similarly in the Southeast 2 small Islets all of them low Land the farthest were Southeast of us at about 3 or 4 miles distance / We shaped our Course Due East Northeast towards the largest where we came to anchor on the Westside of the Islet a swivel gunshot’s distance from shore in 12 Fathom shelly Bottom/ About an Hour before Sunset we had on the western extremity a Large High Island /northwest by north of us at about 8 or 9 miles distance and close to the East of this Due northwest of us still another ditto / which was round and much higher yet than the foregoing one/ of about the height and size of Craccatouw / in Sunda Straits at that distance further from the north to the northeast by north / 7 more Small Islets about 3 or 4 miles away from us the bottom near all these islands is steep and abruptly descending / so that one cannot approach them by sounding consequently one has to anchor by sight close in shore almost all of them are surrounded by Coral Reefs / Variation 7 degr northeasterly a

Friday 25 ditto
Early in the morning Several little Proas came alongside / with Cocoa-nuts / Yams / and Bananas &c to barter these for Nails of which they were very Desirous / on said / Islet it seems but few people are living / some of the most Notable of them as it seemed came over into our Ship / who were presented by us with some Small pieces of Linen / knives Looking-glasses Etc / further we made them understand by means of gestures / that we needed water which they signified was obtainable in abundance on shore here / therefore we decided to send the Pilot-major Francays Jacobs / and Skipper

[Page 60]
Gerrit Jans to share with our Pinnace and the two boats / taking with them one of these Natives who was to show them the Watering-Place / we gave them a knife a little looking-glass / and a little Flag along in token of Peace and also to show that we did not desired their water without Recompense or payment / about 2 Hours before Sunset our Pinnace returned with the skipper and the Pilot-Major Reporting that on coming ashore they had found about 60 or 70 Persons seated on the beach / which group / they believed included almost all the men of this Island / they had not arms but seemed to be a Great Peaceable People for they found among them many Women and children they led our men inland by a good Path these people are very thievish they stole whatever they could reach or approach the Women as well as the men our men followed them for about 2/3 mile inland where they came to a Fresh water which was fully 14 mile in circumference and fully 1 ½ or two Fathom above the common Salt water level but they did not know that it was so near the Seashore as they were going along the said water they found it to be on the northside of the Island at about a musket-shot’s distance from the Sea where there was a good Sandy Bay for the boats to land the water also being sooth for Embarking the casks as there was out sea before the said sandy bay a Coral Reef / on which the surf broke with great force said coral reef being open on the Western extremity / one could Row into it a long the shore at low tide / into the smooth water but in order to come to the sandy beach the water must have risen about 1 ½ or 2 Feet higher this was on the northside of the Island and our Ships lying on the northwest side / had to Row for about a mile or more along the shore About this finding of Water/ they were very glad About 3 Hours after noon say after sunset our two Boats returned with water they had not been able to get back earlier because the water was falling / the water rises but falls here about 8 Feet up and down In the said Fresh Water they had seen many wild Ducks swimming around / which were not at all shy or afraid of men / these natives brought several Cocoa-nuts and Gourds filled with water

on board /alas some Fruits and Hogs but few their Proas, those with sails as well as the small ones their Dress Appearance and Manners are all like those of the other Island / except that these Men as a rule do not have such long / thick / the women are indeed as strong and able-bodied as the Men this Island is in the latitude of 20 degree: 15m and 206 degr 19 m, average longitude

To this Islet we Gave the name of Rotterdam because here we have got our Casks filled with water Variation 6 at 1) degr 20 m” northeasterly

To-day 26 do
To-day we fetched for each of the Ships two more boat-loads of water each boat carrying 10 or 11 Watercasks Large as well as small we Bartered still many Cocoa-nuts / bananas / and other Fruits / for Beads and Old Nails

Today 27 do
We still continued fetching water and Bartering for refreshments and before sunset we had got two boat loads of water on board of each ship.

To-day 28 do
In the morning at the Peep of Dawn I myself with Skipper Gerrit Jans went again to the watering-place with our two Boats and the Pinnace we went out chiefly to shoot wild Ducks / but could not get any / While we were engaged in putting off from Shore with the loaded boats one of these natives came along with the secret intention of stealing a long Pike / which indeed he had already taken out of the Boat and just under water / but of our men seeing this / and he having noticed it he quickly ran with the pike into the Wood the other natives observing this hastily ran after hi motioning to us that we should stay where we were / as they wanted to bring him back which they indeed did /so that we got the Pike back again / these people are wasteful / lascivious / Wanton and thievish / so that a man needs Argus-eyes at least / to look about him / In the evening before sunset we again had for each ship 2 boatloads of water on Board so that now we have already 26 hogsheads filled and only about 20 Hogsheads and casks Empty / we have Refreshments of cocoa-nuts Bananas / Plantains and other Fruits / and also bartered in considerable abundance / so that here at these islands god be thanked) we have been well provided with refreshments and water

To-day 29th do.
We have again sent our boats together with the Pinnace with the Pilot-major for water / but in the afternoon it began to blow so stiffly from the north / that the Zeeham’s boat had to empty 5 casks of water F) while navigating the Entrance / and has left the casks there /afterwards emptied her 4 remaining casks so that they got on Board without any Water / our Boat manager to come alongside with 7 Full casks and so bring the rest of her Empty casks along. But they too had had plenty of trouble doing so

To-day 30 Do
We summoned the Friends from the Zeeham on board of us convened the Council and read to them our instructions and after Reading we Recommended to Every member of the Council so kindly Inform us of anything that anyone might know more than ourselves or might have Heard F/ in order to assist us with all due zeal and Diligence / we also admonished each kindly / and Earnestly to act in every respect in such a way as he intends to answer for on his return to Batta before the Hon Governor General and Councillors of India / we also Resolved to part from here with the ships to-morrow of this wind continues / but if the latter becomes more Easterly / then to go on fetching the Casks full of water as may all be seen at length in the resolution / to which we Refer We also approved in said Council of to-day to read to the crew the following Articles and to post them up on the Cuddy so that everyone may Compart himself accordingly

As on the 27th instant at night we have found that some Yea even Officers do not observe their ordained watches well which often might lead to danger and disadvantage of these our ships and Crews / and in order to Prevent all such Inconveniences and Dangers / the Council of the Ships Heemskerck and Zeeham to-day Resolved and Approved / that / anyone who, after the present, shall be found sleeping or otherwise neglecting to keep proper look-out, whether on watch or on the lookout / that the same for the first time shall be breeched by the partners of his watch the second time besides the breeching he shall forfeit a month’s pay for the third time 6 months of his earnest pay and the 4 since he shall be deprived of his office and pay or if the same be a sailor he shall have to serve without pay.

[Page 63]
According to the General letter of Articles everybody / no one excepted / is further forbidden to use or carry about him ay burning match-cards Candles or other Light / of whatsoever name or description unless such were needed for his office or the ships service/ with the knowledge of his officers all this on pain of being put in irons for 8 days / and of forfeiting a month’s pay besides

Similarly nobody shall be allowed after the watches have been set / to make any Noise whatever / but everyone shall keep such Place / as has been considered to him by the commander / Skipper / Steersmen or quartermasters / on pain of being summarily punished the men on Watch shall not, moreover / whether by day or night allow anyone to come on Board except with the Consent of the Commander Cargo / or Skipper / on pain of corporal punishment.

Done in the Heemskerck at anchor in the Latitude of 20 degr 15 m and 206 degr 19m: average longitude ‘south of the Equinoetial Line this 30th of January At 1643 / signed

Abel Janssen Tasman

Ultimo do.
Early in the morning / we again sent our boats with our Pinnace for Water but as the weather began to look very dark and Changeable / we made a signal that they should return / upon which they indeed turned about immediately / about noon we to wit Myself our Skipper / the pilot major the Skipper and Cargo of the Zeeham / and the Secretary / went to Shore with the two boats and the Pinnace in order to take leave from there since we had the intention of sailing Coming Ashore many people immediately gathered together / we forthwith asked two Persons /who seemed to be the most notable of them/ for the Chieftain of the Land/ they thereupon conducted us into the Wood/ by Narrow/ Cramped/ Dirty/ miry/ paths (as much Rain had fallen for one or 2 days continually) At first we were led to the South side of the Land/ where numerous Cocoa-nut trees were Planted side by side in regular order/ from there they conducted us to the East side of the said Land/ where 6 Big Proas were lying, each two of them fastened together by a floor of Proas say of Planks/ and carrying masts/ here also stood 2 small Houses which were a little more than ordinarily ornamented/

to wit fenced all around with Reed rundles/ from that Place we got to a Basin or Brackish inland water/ of about a mile in circumference/ after we had waited here for a while/ we asked them again where the A-jhior Latowv (: that is King or Chief in our Language:) was: they pointed to the other side/ of this water/and as the Sun was pretty near the Horizon already/ we returned by another road to our ships/ In going and in returning/ we saw several Enclosures/ Parcs or Gardens/ of which the beds were Elegantly squared/ and planted with all sorts of Fruits/ in many and nearly all Places the Banana and other Fruit-trees were growing so straight/ that it was a Delight to look at them/ all around emitting a sweet and agreeable Odour and Fragrance so that these people (: who have the shape of humans: but Inhuman customs and Manners) appeared to possess human intelligence just as well/ - About 2 Hours before Sunset/ we returned on board/ these Islands are lying, according to the average longitude, 185 miles more Eastward than the Salomonis Islands/ and according to my estimation 230 miles east of the easternmost Islands of Salomonis/

Aij pmo February

Today pmo February
Seeing that we are here at present well refreshed/ and have got nearly all our Casks filled with water/ for which the Alldirecting God be highly thanked and praised: that the Wind for some days past has been continually blowing from the north hither/ which makes a lee-shore near the Watering-place of this Island/ so that we cannot fill our Remaining empty casks/ therefore we have deemed it Advisable/ to continue our Voyage/ for which reason we weighed anchor/ Early this morning/ and Ran out to the north/ with a Tolerable Breeze from the East.

Today 2 ditto
At noon we had the high Islands/ South southeast the Southernmost and the northernmost Southeast by South about 6 or 7 miles away from us/ At noon observed latitude/ 19 degr. 20 mi. and Longitude 205 degr. 55 mi. Course made from the Island north northwest and sailed 25 miles/ these High Islands bear from that Island where we have got water/ 7 or 8 miles north northwest/ a little more westerly/ halfway the afternoon we saw another Island and had it northeast by East of us at about 7 miles distance/ this was also Rather high/ the wind Easterly/ soft breeze.

Today 3 do.
In the morning we still saw that Island/ which the evening lay northeast by East of us/ and had it East Southeast of us at about 8 miles/ distance/ At noon observed Latitude 18 degr. 18 mi. and Longitude 205 degr. 55 mi. Course made north and sailed 15 miles/ the wind East Southeast/ and Southeast/ Trade-wind weather/ that with a Clear Sky/ and Smooth water.

Today 4 do.
Good weather and a Clear Sky/ that with Smooth water. In the morning we made estimate to be below the 17 degr. on account of which we shaped the course west according to Resolution/ At noon we had the estimated latitude of 16 degr. 40 mi. and Longitude 205 degr. 25 mi. and Course made north by west/ and sailed 25 miles/ and the wind East Southeast and Southeast/ top-gallant Breeze/ trade-wind weather/ towards the evening we got some Rain Squalls with Thunder and lightning.

Today 5 do.
Still trade-wind weather/ the wind as before top-gallant Breeze/ Smooth water/ At noon observed latitude 16 degrees 30 minutes and Longitude 203 degr. 12 minutes Course made west/ and sailed 32 miles/ At noon we shaped our Course west by South/ in order to get in 17 degr. and had a sharp lookout kept/ so as not to sail past the Cocos and Traitors Islands. At night at the end of 3 Glasses in the Dog watch/ we saw Land/ we forthwith set the larboard tacks on board/ and ran to the South/ till 7 glasses in the same were out/ when we turned to the North.

Today 6 ditto
In the morning we again saw Land/ and were 3 small Islets/ there were many Reefs all around/ we held before the wind/ to the South we saw a large Reef in the west which extended far Southward/ which we sorely regretted/ this Reef is fully 8 or 9 miles Long/ we saw straight ahead also breakers which we could not have passed/ Seeing that we could not clear the shoal Straight ahead of us/ nor the Shoal which lay do the north/ we saw to leeward a Small Space of about 2 Ship’s Lengths wide/ where there stood no surf/ for this we made/ since there was no other way of escape/ we passed between the Rocks in 4 Fathom/ but with Great anxiety. It is full all around here of Reefs and 18 or 19 Islands/ but it is impossible to sail through between them/ on account of shoals which abound here/ and are very Dangerous/ these Islands are lying in the Southern latitude of 17 degr. the Southernmost are Lying in 17½ degr. or thereabouts/ since we have not taken latitude./ At noon we estimated to be in 17 degr. 19 mi./ and Longitude 201 degr. 35mi. Course made west Southwest and Sailed 25 miles that with a steady trade-wind from the East Southeast/ we should have greatly liked to come to anchor under one of these Islands/ but we could not find a Roadstead/

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on account of all the Shoals and Reefs which run out from these Islands/ At noon we shaped our course to the north/ so as to get out of all these nasty reefs in Daylight/ if that is possible/ we saw to the north also everywhere many shoals/ which it would be hard to pass/ but at Last we found an opening/ sailed through between the Reefs/ we had to leave these Islands to our Great regret/ because we did not find good Anchoring Ground/ In the evening we saw three Hills which we thought were three Islands/ in the First watch we again ran for 5 Glasses to shore/ in order to avoid the Shoal ahead of us/ We had the wind East we Sailed with our mainsails set/ at the end of five Glasses in the First watch we turned north again/ and ran northward until Daybreak/ when we saw the Island that in the Evening we had seen north by west of us.

Today 7th do.
We continued sailing northward to the wind with our mainsails set/ and the wind northeast with strong breeze/ and Rain/ and Rough Seas from the north/ the Pilot-major Judged/ that these Islands near which we had come on the 6th instant were the Islands which are drawn in the Big maps southwest of the Hoornsche Islands/ on account of which he Judged/ that we should make our Course North to the wind/ in order to avoid falling on the East Side of Nova Guinea/ since that is a Lee shore and in the Bad Season/ so that it would be impossible to clear the coast again/ In the morning we came close upon an Island, and turned about Southward until dawn when we turned northward again/ we had the wind from the northeast that with a storm/ We therefore let her run to the northwest under small sail. At noon estimated to be in the Latitude of 16 Degrees and Longitude 200 degr. 48 (g.) mi. Course made northwest by north/ Sailed 21 miles.

Today 8th do.
The wind still continued from the northeast and north northeast/ and blew still very strongly with much Rain/ We still sailed to the wind under Reduced Sail/ We called the Pilot major aft/ Asked him whether he still Sustained the Opinion/ that these are the Islands/ of which he spoke the Day before/ He answered Yes/ and that we ought to run north Forthwith/ if we had the wind to our will/ by the rough and stormy weather/ we Could not get our Friends

of the Zeehaen on board/ nor could we speak them/ wherefore we convened the Council of the ship Heemskerck/ together with the two second mates/ and submitted to them/ the opinion of the Pilot-major/ordering them all together that Everyone should give his opinion in writing/ in order to draw up a Resolution from these which was done accordingly in the afternoon/ wind and weather as before/ At noon estimated to be in Latitude of 15 degrees 29 minutes and Longitude 199 degr. 31 mi. Course made west northwest/ and sailed 20 miles/ Here follow the advices which we demanded today.

Today 8 do.
We should have Liked to have convened the Council of both Ships but were prevented from so doing by the stormy weather/ by Rain / and weather/ and wind/ for which reason we have convened the Council of the Ship Heemskerck/ together with the two Second Mates/ and submitted to them/ that we are having at present all along such rough weather/ that at times we can hardly see further than 2 or 3 Ship’s lengths/ and that on the 6th instant we got so entangled in Islands and Shoals/ that we could hardly get out of them/ these Islands are about 18 or 20 in Number/ as far as we could count them/ but it might very well be that there are still more which we could not count however/ owing to the Darkness of the weather/ these Islands are Lying Right in Jacob La Maire’s Passage/ since he in this Latitude ran on for 430 miles Due west/ and did not find any such Islands there/ one would conclude from this that the Islands do not Lie in the course/ but in the Big Charts of the South sea there are some Islands marked/ which correspond with these in Latitude/ but would differ more than 200 miles with our Estimate/ that these Islands are marked in the Chart more westerly/ on such a Long Voyage and almost always sailing eastward and westward/ that often with storm and Tempest/ and as the Proverb says/ where there is Guessing there may be Missing/ so it may well be that we are so much mistaken.
Therefore our Advice is this/ that we should/wind and weather permitting/ to steer from here Due north until the Southern latitude of 4 degr. and then Due west until the Coast of Nova Guinea/ as at present the weather is such that one might easily miss a known Coast/ let alone an unknown one and where there is no good Anchoring Ground and a Lee-shore/ so that we should run Great risk of losing Ships and Men/ and as we are at present in the bad season here when the Southeast Tradewind and the northern monsoon meet each other – which cannot fail to produce much Rain and bad weather.

Done in the Ship Heemskerck to-day the 8th of February Ao. 1643 in the Southern Latitude of 15 degr. 29 mi./ and Longitude 199 degr. 31 mi. – signed Abel Jansen Tasman.

To-day the 8th February Ao. 1643 finding ourselves in the Estimated latitude of 15 Degr. 32 mi. Longitude of 198 degr. 4 mi. the Council say the Hon. Commander Abel Jans Tasman/ has enjoined the Council of the Ship Heemskerck that Everyone should present his opinion in writing/ respecting the Course to be taken from here whether to the west northwest or more northerly in order most Expediently to make the Coast of Nova Guinea or the islands lying at the northeast point. Therefore we/ so far as regards ourselves/ will give our opinion in the first place it is now the bad season and the Rainy months in the Mulluccus and here we find every day Rain and strong north-easterly winds/ which make a Lee Shore of the East coast of Nova Guinea further also throughout the East Indies: the nearer a Lee the worse Weather that if one wished to make the Coast of Nova Guinea in the latitude of the Salomonis Islands/ partly in accordance with the Recommendation in the Instructions Although this is not a precise order/ this would not be without Danger of falling into a bay from which it would be Difficult or impossible to beat out again and since the East coast of Nova Guinea being still unknown, it might well Be/that east of said Land of Nova Guinea/ there may be countless Small Islets and Reefs/ such as has already happened to us without any Anchoring Ground/ and besides in such weather having no visibility we might be cast on Shoals or ashore/ before we could have become aware of the same. For which reason we say/ that we should sail from here northward/ as close to the wind as we find possible/ as far as the latitude of 4 or 5 degrees/ thus acting in order to avoid all anxiety/ and so as not to Fall on a Lee-shore/ since the Coast falls away there whence we could escape to the west in the first instance and Regulate ourselves further by wind and weather signed Franchois Jacobssen.

Whereas on the 8th instant we are now having much bad weather/ both on account of Rain and of strong northerly winds/ so that we can hardly carry main-sails/ and cannot even see to a quarter of a mile’s distance/ the Commander has convened the Council of the Heemskerck with the Second mates and

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then desired each to express his Opinion in writing/ so my opinion is/ that we should shape our course as northerly as wind and weather shall permit/ Yea as far as North or North by E. until the 3rd or 2nd Degree Southern latitude/ so as not to fall on the Lee-shore of Nova Guinea/ since it seems to be the bad season here/ and it might also be that we are more westerly than is our Estimate/ because on the 6th instant we were near 20 or 21 Islands/ which lie in the latitude of 17 degr. 10 mi./ and have not been seen by Jacob la Mair.

This day the 8th of February ao. 1643 In the Yacht Heemskerck estimated Southern latitude 15 degr. 43 mi. Longitude 199 degr. 7 mi. Signed/ Ide Tierwx Holman.

This day the 8th February Ao. 1643 whereas we our now by Estimation in the S. latitude of 15 degr. 47 mi./ and Longitude 198 degr. 10 mi. and the weather has been bad for days now/

and the Hon. Commander desired that each give his Advice in writing as to what course we should sail/ and in what latitude/ it would be my Advice/ that we shape our Course from here to northwest as far as the Latitude of 3 degr. south of the Line and then westward/ signed Carsten Jurijaensen.

To the Hon. Mr. Abel Jansz Tasman:

My Advice is that from here or the Estimated Southern latitude of 15 degr. 44 mi. and longitude of 198 degr. 19 mi. we should shape our course as close to North/ as is practicable/ in order not to fall on the Coast of Nova Guinea/ until the Southern latitude of 6 or 7 degr. because it is near the bad season here at present/ when the winds are blowing from the n.e. and n.n. east and Much Rain with little visibility may be expected here/ and if we should happen to fall on a Lee-shore with our Ship/ there would be little chance to get the same off again owing to lack of sailing/but we might easily fall into Peril with Ship and Cargo/ therefore it is better in my opinion to stick to the Course aforesaid/ and when we have got there with God/ to shape our Course to the west/ and then to make for the Land of Nova Guinea/ and afterwards to make our course for the Land of Gilolo/ Thus done in the Yacht Heemskercq 1643 the 8th of February signed by me Crijn Heijudrickx de Ratte.

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Today 9th ditto
The wind northerly that still with Rain and a strong gale/ we still sailed with our main-sails set the sea was very rough and ran very high from the north and north northwest/ At noon we made Estimate to be in the Southern latitude of 15 degr. 29 mi. and Longitude 198 degr. 8 mi. course made west and sailed 20 miles/ In the evening we turned to the east clewed up our Foresail and so let her gripe to the wind/ with our Main sail/ and our mizen-sail set until the end of the first watch then we loosened our fore-sail again and turned to the west/ In the Day-watch we set our Main Topsail, but it was not Long before we had to take it in again.

Today 10th do.
We still had variable weather with Rain and wind and the Sea is running from all sides/ so that the Sea is very turbulent/ so that the weather here at present is very bad for us/ to discover anything/ that is at present not possible/ on account of all this Dark/ Hazy/ drizzly weather/ At noon by Estimation in the southern latitude of 15 degr. 19 mi. and Longitude 197 degr. 20 mi. Course made west by north and sailed 12 miles/ we have now for 5 days seen neither sun nor moon nor Stars/ In the evening we Lowered our Foresail on the Stern and Lay to with Main-sail and Mizen.

Today 11 do.
The storm from the north still continued and the sea is still running from all sides/is still very rough/ that with Dark/ Hazy/ drizzly/ Rainy weather we also had much lightning/ At noon made Estimate to be in the Southern latitude of 15 degr. 5 mi. and Longitude 196 degr. 5 mi. Course made west by north/ and sailed/ and Drifted 18 miles.

Today 12 do
After breakfast it began to clear up a little/ so that we set our Main Topsails/ and the sun broke through/ It seemed as if the weather was about to change/ but the sea is still running high mostly from the west southwest. At noon observed latitude 15 degr. 3 mi. and Longitude 195 degr. 50 mi Course made west/ and sailed 18 miles halfway the afternoon we again Got the old weather of Rain and wind/ so that we took our Main Topsails in again and sailed with 2 Mainsails without bonnets/ and the wind is blowing chiefly from the north/ and north northwest/ Is very unstable/ In the evening we tacked to the East until midnight/ then tacked to the west/During the night we got a Tremendous Rain Yea as if the water was poured from the Sky/ we also had thunder and Lightning.

Today 13 do.
In the morning the weather a little better/ and the sea also smoothed down a bit/ so that we set our top-sails/ but did not Lace on Bonnets/ Now and then we still got a Rain Shower/ and the wind was still blowing from the North/ these 24 hours we sailed and drifted 12 miles to the west Southwest/ At noon we Estimated to be in the Southern latitude of 15 degr. 21 mi. observed latitude 15 degr. 28 mi. and Longitude 194 degr. 4 mi. and the sea is becoming considerably Smoother/ During the night lay to with Small sail.

Today 14 do.
The wind northwest and north northwest/ that with Good weather but still thick Hazy dark weather/ as yet small visibility/ we sent the Pilot-major with the Secretary to the Zeehaen/ to require the opinion of her in writing/ At noon observed latitude 16 degr. 20 mi. and Longitude 193 degr. 35 mi.

Course made Southwest/ and sailed 10 miles.

Here follow the advices of our Friends of the Zeehaen.

To-day 14th of February in the Year 1643 Whereas the Commander this morning sent the Pilot-major and his Secretary on board of us to hear our Advice/ regarding the shaping of our courses/ and secondly our advice as to the latitude in which we should make the Land of Nova Guinea/ so is my advice concerning the above/ to make the Land aforesaid in the Southern latitude of 4 or 5 degrees/ the Reason for my advice to make the Land so far north being/ this that we have had very rough weather for 6 or 7 Days now/ and fear of getting into a Bay/ or on a Lee-shore/ and in the aforesaid Latitude/ we shall make the Land in a known Latitude/ Having made the Land in the Latitude aforementioned/ it is likely that we shall be able to get to the South/ if time will Permit / Therefore in my opinion our Course should be made as northerly as is possible/ as far as the latitude mentioned/ and then we should shape our Course Due west/ until we run in sight of Nova Guinea in the latitude aforementioned/ we were by Estimation in the Southern latitude of 15 degr. 49 mi. and Longitude 194 degr. 39 mi. Signed Gerrit Jansz.

Advice or Reason why or for what Cause we hold it most expedient to navigate to the north.

Whereas Your Worship has been pleased to enjoin us to give or advice (on the Question submitted to us in writing Yesterday) my judgment has become that/ since we are at Present in the southern latitude of 15 degr. 55 mi. in longitude 194 degr. 24 mi. and the weather here at this time of the Year/ appears to be very variable/ while in this part of the world we seem to be lying between four winds/ and since we do not Know either how near we have sailed to the Land of Nova Guinea/except what the Globe and the big Chart of the South sea indicate to us/ If we trust the Islands made by the Hon. Commander to be the Salomonis/ since we have found them in Longitude and latitude according to the Charting of the Portuguese then said Islands must not have been observed by Schouttens/ so it might very well be according to the Charting of the Portuguese that we Encounter the Land of Nova Guinea .

Therefore this is my Advice/ for Reasons above mentioned on account of the roughness of the weather and of the possibility that we are nearer to said land than we believe/ and because we do not know its extension in this latitude/ or what bays/ inlets/ bights/ shoals and the like there may be/ and since we with these Present northerly winds might be driven on a Lee-shore by storm/ or some such weather/ and then would be subject to the Great danger of losing Ship and cargo,therefore my advice is that we ought to navigate to the known of Nova Guinea with a N.N. west course/ as far as the Southern latitude of about 4 or 5 degr. in order to prevent all Perils.

Done in the Flute the Zeehaen this 15th of Feb. 1643. Signed Yours Wholly Is. Gilzemans

My advice is/ that we shall make the Land of Nova Guinea/ in the Southern latitude of 5 or 6 degr. seeing that for six full Days we have had such a stormy northeast wind/ and if we should be driven into a Bay/ and get such weather again we should not know how to get out of it again/ we should shape our Course as far to the north as the wind will Allow/

until the latitude aforesaid/ then steer westward to make the Land of Guinea/ and we are in the latitude of 16 degr. 3 mi. and Longitude of 195 degr. 27 mi./ the 14th of Feb. 1643/ signed Heyndrick Pietersr.

The 14th of Feb. 1643 my advice is/ whereas we have for 6 or 7 Days had a northerly wind with dark/ Squally/ and Dirty weather/ and we might possibly be nearer to the shore/ than we supposed/ and since we also might be driven into a Bight/ from which with such a northerly wind and such unsteady weather it would be difficult to put out again/ therefore my advice is to run to 5 or 6 degr. Southern latitude/ in order to make Nova Guinea on the N. side/ and my opinion is this that we should shape our Course as northerly as the wind will Allow/ until in the latitude aforesaid/ and then run west in order to make Nova Guinea/ and at noon in the Southern latitude of 15 degr. 57 mi. and Longitude of 195 degr. 49 mi. signed by me Pietter Nannings Duijtsch.

This day 14th do. the month of February/ being in the Southern latitude of 15 degr. 57 mi. and average longitude of 195 degr. 10 mi. and the Hon. Commander desiring to know/ why we should Run so far to the north/ as we had fixed upon/ my opinion is this since for 6 or 7 Days we have had a heavy storm with Rain and Dark weather/ not knowing whether we are still far from shore or not/ and whether we may not again be driven into some Bay or Shoals such as happened to us on the 6th instant/ therefore my Advice is this/ that we should make Nova Guinea in the 5 or 6 degr. Southern latitude/ so that we may be able to stand off from Shore with a northerly course/ my opinion is that we should shape our course as far to the north as possible/ in order to get to the latitude aforementioned/ thereafter to run to the west until the Land of Nova Guinea/ signed by me Cornelis Tobrandts Roboll.

Today 15 do.
Still Dark/ Hazy/ weather with Rain/ and the wind northwest and west northw. with a light Breeze we tacked this side and that so that we did not progress/ because we had the wind right ahead/ At noon by estimation in the Southern latitude of 16 degr. 30 mi.

and Longitude 193 degr/ 35 mi. Course made South/ and drifted 2 miles/ towards the Evening we got a terrific Rain squall from the Southwest/ we shaped our Course to the north/ in the first watch we got a calm/ so that after that watch we drifted in a Calm.

Today 16 Do.
In the morning we were still drifting in a calm/ these 24 hours we made no progress/ and that on account of dead calm.

Today 17th do.
The Breeze Variable with calm/ so that again we made no progress/ towards the Evening we got the wind Southwest with Rain/ we shaped our Course to the North/ but the wind did not last long and it became still again/ so that we sailed about 2 miles northward/ by Estimation in the Southern latitude of 16 degr. 22 mi. and Longitude 193 degr. 35 minutes.

Today 18th do.
Still Calm/ until noon we remained in the same Longitude and latitude as before/At noon we Got a Light Breeze from the Southeast/ and now and then we had a Rain Squall.

Today 19 do.
The wind still Southeast with Rain/ At noon observed latitude 15 degr. 12 mi. and Longitude 193 degr. 35 mi. Course made North/ and sailed 18 miles/ we still had daily dark/ Rainy weather very unhealthy and no Visibility to discover any Land.

Today 20th do.
Still thick/ dark/ hazy/ Rainy weather and the Sea is running from all Sides/ and the wind Variable/ now a calm/ then a Breeze/ At noon observed latitude 13 degr. 45 mi. and Longitude 193 degr. 35 mi. course made north/ and sailed 21 miles.

Today 21st Do.
The wind still Variable/ that from the west and northwest as far as the north/ we still made our course to the wind and northward/ the Sea is still very Rough/ and we also have many Rain squalls/ At noon estimated latitude 13 degr. 21 mi. and Longitude 193 degr. 35 mi. Course made north/ and Sailed 6 miles/In the afternoon we sailed northward/ At night we drifted in a calm for 12 Glasses/ thereafter we got a Breeze from the North/ then we Ran to the west.

Today 22 do.
In the morning the wind still northerly that with Much Rain/ our Course was still westward close to the wind there was a heavy swell/ from the northwest/ it was Dark/ Hazy/ drizzly/ foggy weather now strong winds/ then Suddenly a Calm/

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At noon we made an Estimate to be in the Southern latitude of 13 degr. 5 mi. and Longitude 192 degr. 57 mi. Course made west northwest and East/ towards the Evening the wind Southeast and thereafter South that with much Rain and Strong wind/ At night we lay to with Small Sail/ We also so a few pieces of wood floating about.

Today 23 do.
The wind westerly that with a Storm/ with Thick Dark weather and much Rain/ now and then we could hardly see two Ship’s Lengths away from us/ and the Sea very rough running from all Sides/ At noon we made Estimate to be in the latitude of 12 degr. 10 mi. and Longitude 192 degr. 57 mi. Course made north/ and sailed 14 miles/ during the night we sailed Northward close to the wind.

Today 24 do.
In the morning we set our Top-sails/ we had the wind west northwest/ that with a stiff Breeze/ and many Sea Squalls the Sea still very Rough/ At noon we had the Estimated latitude of 11 degr. 2 mi. and Longitude 192 degr. 28 mi. Course made northnortheast and sailed 18 miles/ In the afternoon we had to take in our top-sails/ and we continued to Run northward close to the wind/ During the night we lay to with one Sail/ we dared not Sail on because we had no Visibility Feared that we might come upon Land or Shoals.

Today 25 do.
In the morning we made sail again/ when day broke we saw that the Zeehaen’s mizen-mast was broken/ we hoisted our Foresail on the mast Spoke her/ we Asked her/ how everything was getting on/ They replied that they could help themselves until it would become good weather/this mast has broken in such a way/ that she can still carry a small mizen-sail/ we still had the wind northwest/ and northwest by west/ with a storm and much Rain/ and Dark weather/ We continued Running northward close to the wind/ At noon we made Estimate to be in the Southern latitude of 10 degr. 31 mi. and Longitude 193 degr. Course made northeast/ and sailed 11 miles/ During the night we Lay to again with Small Sail.

Today 26th do.
The wind blowing rather stiffly from the northwest/ and that still with much Rain and Dark weather/ I cannot understand that so Far into the South sea/ that here Such a westerly wind is blowing/ unless it should be that the west monsoon is blowing continuously over

Nova Guinea/ and blowing on stiffly/ presses on a good way into the South sea/ and the trade-wind blowing Lightly/ we have not had a single dry day now for 21 Days past/At noon we made Estimate to be in the Southern latitude of 9 degr. 48 mi. Course made northeast and sailed 15 miles/ During the night we lay to under Small Sail

Today 27 do.
In the morning we made Sail again/ steered our Course northward close to the wind/ we had the wind northwest and northnorthwest/ that with Thick/ Dark/ drizzly/ Rainy weather/ and the sea is beginning to smoothe/ At noon we made Estimate to be in the Southern latitude of 9 degr. and Longitude 194 degr. 32 mi. Course made northeast/ and sailed 17 miles/ At night at the end of 6 Glasses in the first watch we got the wind north/ and than tacked to the west.

Today Ultimo do.
The wind still north and northnorthwest/ that with Hazy/ drizzly/ Rainy/ weather our Course was still westerly/ At noon we made Estimate to be in the southern latitude of 8 degr. 48 mi. and Longitude 194 degr. 2 mi. Course made west northwest/ and sailed 8 miles.

Today Primo March
Good weather and that with smooth water and we had the wind northerly but Variable/ we made our Course Westward/ At noon observed latitude 9 degr. 5 mi. and Longitude 193 degr. 21 mi. Course made west Southwest/ and sailed 11 miles/ In the evening we got a terrific Rain from the west/ and further we drifted in a calm all night.

Today 2 do.
Towards Daybreak we Got a little Breeze from Northerly direction/ we shaped our Course to the west/ At noon observed latitude 9 degr. 11 mi. and Longitude 192 degr. 46 mi. Course made west slightly southerly East/ west and west by South at times/ and sailed 12 miles/ that with Variable wind and weather/ Variation 10 degr. Northeasterly.

Today 3 do.
Wind and weather very unsettled/ and that with much Rain/ and very Variable/ now a calm/ then strong gales/ so that we could hardly carry sail by Estimation we Sailed 8 miles in these 24 hours. Course made west we made Estimate to be in the Southern latitude of 9 degr. 11 mi. and Longitude 192 degr. 14 minutes / In the evening we still had very much Rain/ and Drifted in a calm.

Today 4 do.
Still Variable wind and weather/ that with much Rain/ but the wind keeping between the southwest/ and the north/ Just where we should like so much to go/ At noon we made Estimate to be in the Southern latitude of 8 degr. 55 mi. and Longitude 191 degr. 57 mi./ and Course made northwest/ and sailed 5 miles.

Today 5 do.
Still variable wind and weather that with much rain/ but this variable weather has already lasted for a month now/ during which we have made little progress/ and all the time between the south west and north/ but we hope that it will soon become better/ At noon we made estimate to be in the Southern latitude of 8 degr: 32 min: and Longitude 191 de: 42 min: Course made north northwest and sailed 8 miles/ variation 10 degr: 30 minutes/ north easterly

Today 6 do.
Still variable winds with much rain/ now violent squalls/ then a calm again/ often a sudden calm/ and if one wanted to describe all this weather and the wind/ one would have nothing else to do but write/ at noon made estimate to be in the Southern latitude of 8 degr: 8 mi: and longitude 191 degr 42 mi: Course mad north and sailed 6 miles.

Today 7 do.
Still thick/ dark/ drizzly/ rainy weather that with variable wind/ and the sea very Rough/ the wind is still keeping between the west southwest and the northwest/ the wind straight ahead/ At noon made estimate to be in the southern latitude of 8 degr: 17 mi: ns Longitude of 191 degr:1 mi: Course made west by south/ and sailed 12 miles/ we also saw a great many birds. Still thick/ dark/ drizzly/ Rainy/ weather as before/ We therefore tacked this way and that taking the best directions in order to get as far westward as possible/ but we feared that we shall get no good wind before the west monsoon is over/ we have much Rain here and every Day/ at noon we made estimate to be in the Southern latitude of 7 degr: 46 m: and Longitude 190 degr: 47 mi: and Course made northnorthwest and Sailed 9 miles/ Toward the Evening the wind began to stiffen/ so that we took in our top sails/ and sailed with mainsails

Today 9th Ditto
We still sailed under mainsails that in a storm from the northwest and northnorthwest that with thick/ dark Hazy weather and we had much Rain which is very unhealthy for us and the sea is very Rough/ At noon we made estimate to be in the Southern latitude of 8 degr: 35 m: and Longitude 190 degr: 1 m: Course made Southwest and I sailed 16 miles During the night we lay to with Small sail for 16 glasses/ we dared not let her run on.

Today 10 do.
In the morning we again set our Fore sail/ and thus Ran westward/ we had the wind from the northnorthwest/ with unsettled weather and much Rain/ we loosened our Main Topsail/ but had to take it in again without delay/ that owing to the rough weather/At noon we estimated to be in the Southern latitude of 9 degr: and Longitude 189:33 mi: Course made Southwest/ and both sailed and drifted 10 miles/ During the night we let her run to the west with small sail

Today 11 do.
Still Dark/ Hazy/ Drizzly/ Rainy weather and we had the wind northnorth say northerly but very unsteady/ In the morning we got the wind north northeast/ we still made our Course close to the wind/ at noon we estimated to be in the Southern latitude of 9 degr:29 mi:/ Course made west by South/ and sailed 27 miles/ In the afternoon we saw that those of the Zeehaen clewed their Mainsail and took in their fore –topsail/ we forthwith hoisted our Fore-sail up the mast so as to stay for her and to inquire whether she had Broken Anything when she came near us we understood that her main-sail was torn to pieces – and that they were engaged in repairing the same.

Today 12 do.
Still unsettled weather/ we had Variable winds from northerly quarters/ At noon we made estimate to be in the southern latitude of 8 deg:48 mi: and Longitude 187degr.29 mi: and Course made west
northw:/ and sailed 16 miles/ and we drifted in a calm after midnight

Today 13 do.
Still Thick/ Dark weather/ and during the afternoon we drifted in a calm/ and the Sea is still running high from the northwest and west northwest/ At noon estimated to be in the Southern latitude of 8degr:48mi: and Longitude 186 degr. 48 mi/ and Course made west and sailed 16 miles/ during the night a Little Breeze from the South/ we shaped our Course to northwest

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Today 14th do.
Southerly wind almost calm with Good dry weather/ and the sea still running from the northwest/ we also saw a few Boughs of Trees floating about/ but we did not sight any land/ At night we Got the wind Southeast with a light breeze/ At noon observed latitude 1o degr:12 mi: which differs from our estimate by 1 2/3 degr: which our Estimate is more northerly than we find ourselves/ and we have not been able to observe Latitude for 12 Full Days now/ and that because we have had Thick/ Dark drizzly weather every Day/ with heavy Rains/ by estimate we had the longitude of 186 degr:14 mi: Course made northwest and Sailed 12 miles/ variation 8 degr:45 min north easterly.

Today 15 do.
Good weather and the sea begins to smoothe a little/ but are still Running against each other/ and we had the wind Southeast that with Improving weather/ At noon observed latitude 9deg: 33mi: and Longitude 185 degr: 40 mi: and course made northwest/ and sailed 12 miles/ variation 8 degr: 40 mi: northeasterly

Today 16th do.
Good weather almost calm with Clear Sunshine which has not occurred for six weeks past. At noon observed latitude 8 degr. 46 min. and longitude 184 degr. 51 min. Course made northwest/and sailed seventeen miles/ variation 9 degrees.

Today 17th do.
Good weather and that with smooth water and the wind east with a light breeze/ At noon observed latitude 8 degr.7 min. and longitude 184 degr. 11 min./ and course made at northwest/ and sailed 14 miles.

Today 18th do.
Good weather and the East that with a light breeze and smooth water/ At noon observed latitude 7 degr. 40 min. and longitude 183 degr. 33 min. and course made northwest/ and sailed 12 miles and variation 9 degr. In the afternoon the breeze freshened somewhat.

Today 19th do.
Still good weather and a clear sky that with a light top-gallant Breeze and the wind from Easterly quarter/ and the sea begins to run from the East and northwest/ At noon observed Latitude 6 deg. 25 min. and longitude 182 degr. 27 min. and course made northwest/ and sailed 23 miles.

Today 20th do.
Good weather and smooth water but now and then a rain squall from the East Southwest that with a light top-gallant breeze/ At noon observed latitude 5 degr. 15 min. longitude 181 degr. 16 min. Course made northwest/ and sailed 25 miles / At noon we shaped our course to west variation 9 degr. northeasterly.

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Today 21st do.
Still good weather with Light Breeze from the East and north east/ now and then a light shower/ and smooth water/ but the swell comes from the north east/ At noon observed latitude 5 degr. 25 min. and longitude 180 degr. 20 min. Course made west by south/ and sailed 14 miles.

Today 22nd do.
Still good weather and that with smooth water/ and a light top-gallant breeze from the East/ and east north east trade-wind/ At noon estimated latitude 5 degr. 2 minutes/ and longitude 178 degr. 32 m. Course made west and sailed 27 miles/ At noon saw land straight ahead/ we were still about 4 miles away from it/we shaped our course so as to pass northward of (this land)/ first west by north/ and then west northwest/ toward the evening we sailed close along northwest/ These Islands are many/well over twenty/but very small/the largest is not longer than 2 miles/ the rest are all small-deer/and all together they are surrounded by a reef/from which in the northwest (another) Reef extends/ on which there are three Cocoa nut trees/ by which it is easily recognizable / these are the islands which the Maire has charted/ and they are about 90 miles off the coast of Nova Guinea/in the evening we still saw land northnorthwest of us/ therefore we made our course northnortheast close to the wind/ so as to run north of all Shoals/Brailed up our foresail and so drifted until Daybreak.

Today 23rd do.
At dawn we made sail again/ we shaped our course to the west/and then had the islets which the day before we had passed South of us about three miles away/ and we had the wind east and north east: that with a Dark Grey Sky/ trade wind weather/ At noon we Estimated to be in the Southern latitude of 4 degr. 31 ms. and longitude 177 degr. 18 m. Course made west north west/ and sailed 20 miles/ At night at the end of the first watch we lay to/ we dared not sail on/ for fear that we might come upon the Island which is named Marcken by the Maire.

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Today 24th do.
In the morning we made sail again/ we shaped our course to the west/ towards noon we saw straight ahead of us land which was very low/ and appears as two Islands Southeast and northwest of each other/ the northernmost resembles Marcken/ as Jacob le Maire describes it/ and to which he gave the name Marken/ At noon observed latitude 4 degr. 55 m. and longitude 175 degr. 30 m. and course made west by Estimation/ but we find that there is a Current running South/and we sailed 20 miles/ and the wind East Southeast trade-wind weather/ with a light Top-gallant Breeze/ In the evening we turned our Course to North/ so as to Run northwest of the Islands/During the night we Drifted in a calm/ and they veered at night to the said Island

Today 25th Do.
In the Day-watch we heard the Surf beat on the shore/ and the sea still calm/ so that we forthwith got out our Pinnace and boat/ in order to tow away from the Reef or Shoal/ but the Current and Sea set us ever closer to the Reef/ and we found no Anchoring Ground here/ which we sorely regretted/ at about 9 o’clock we Got a Proa from this Island alongside/ in which were 7 persons/ and about 20 Cocoa-nuts/ we Bartered a dozen of those for 3 Strings of Beads/ and 4 Double middle-sized nails/ the said Cocoa-nuts Seemed to be wild and were not much good/ these people seemed to be Rough and savage/Blacker than those of the Islands where we refreshed/ and not as polite/ they go wholly naked/ except that they have before their privites/ a Small Covering seemingly made of Cotton cloths/ which was hardly sufficient to cover their testicles and Rod/ Some had their hair cut short/ others wore it tied up/ just like those Villains of the Murderers Bay/ One of them had two Feathers Right on Top of his Head/ sticking out/ like Horns/ another wore a ring through the nose/ but of what such Rings were made/ we could not find out/ Their Proa was furnished with an Outrigger/ in front and aft sharply pointed/ but not Finely made/ and also Old/ they had arrows and two Bows with them/ they did not seem to care much for Beads

and Nails/ nor to have the slightest Interest in them/ We then Got the Wind from the South/ and by this we(fortunately) sailed off the reef/ the said Proa paddled back to Shore again/ we still saw another Smaller Proa approach us/ but it could not come near to us on account of the violent squall/ we shaped our Course to the north/ so as to get outside the Shoals these Islands are 15 or 16 in number/ but the largest is about a mile Long and the others appear like houses/ and they are all together Lying within a Reef/ this Reef extends northwest of the Islets about a Swivel-gun Shot’s Distance/ from the Islets on the northwest side there stands a Group of trees level with the water/ from these yet 2 miles Further Northwest/ there is another Tiny Islet like toppershoetjen/ and the Reef extends still further to the northwest for ½ mile/ so that this Reef is extending from the little Islands (on the northwest side) into the sea for say three miles/ At noon made Estimate to be in the Southern latitude of 4 degr: 34 mi and Longitude 175 degr 10 minutes/ Course made northwest/ and Sailed 7 miles/ about noon we Got the wind northwest/ and afterwards north/ we veered to the west/ thereafter the wind became northnorthe: with a Light Breeze we made our Course northw:/ During the night it was calm again/ and the wind north we kept running on westward

Today 26 Do.
Good weather and that with smooth water/ and we had the wind northeast that with a Slack Breeze/ At noon observed Latitude 4 degr: 33 mi: and Longitude 174 degr: 30 mi: and Course made west/ and sailed 10 miles/ and we found that there is a Strong Current going South here/ wherefore we made our Course still northwest/ variation 9 degr: 30 mi: Northeasterly

Today 27 Do.
Wind and weather as before/ At noon observed latitude 4 degr: 1 mi: and Longitude 173 degr: 36 mi: and Course made northwest by west/and sailed 16 miles/ variation say At noon we shaped our Course west/ so as to run in sight of the Islands which lie east of the Coast of Nova Guinea/ and then further to cross to the Mainland Coast from there/ so that we may become better acquainted in this way/ variation 9 degr: 30 mi: northeasterly

Today 28 Do.
Still Good weather/ and the wind east that with a Slack Breeze/ and Smooth water/ At noon observed latitude 4 degr: 11 mi: and Longitude 172 degr: 32 mi: Course made west and sailed 16 miles/ towards noon we saw Land straight ahead and it was a very Low land/ at noon we were at about 4 miles’ distance from it/ this Island is in the Southern latitude of 4 degr: 30 minutes and Longitude of 172 degr: 16 minutes and is lying 46 miles west by north of the Islands which Jacob Le Maire has called Marcken/ At night Drifted in a calm –

Today 29th Do.
In the morning we found that the Current set us towards the Islands/At noon observed Latitude 4 degr: 20 mi: and Longitude 172 degr: 17 mi: we drifted today in a calm/ so that these 24 hours we drifted 5 miles to the Southwest/ halfway the afternoon 2 small Proas from Shore came near to us/ the Proas had 2 outriggers/ but their Paddles were Narrow and had Thick Blades/ not much good/ in the one were 6/ in the other 3 Persons/ When they were still about 2 Ship’s lengths away from our Ship/ one of the those who were in the Proa with six broke one of his Arrows in two/ put one Half into his Hair/ and kept the other in his Hand/ with which he (it seemed) wanted to demonstrate Friendship/ these people were stark naked their Body quite Black the Hair Curly like the Caffers/ but not so woolly/ nor were their noses so flat/ some of them had white Rings of (it appeared) bone around their Arms/ some had their faces daubed with Lime/and they had on the forehead a tree-bark about 3 Fingers wide/ they did not carry anything but Arrows/ bows/ and Calleweys/ we called to them a few words from the Vocabulary of the language of Nova Guinea but they did not understand anything/ but Lancas which means Cocoa-nuts/ they all the time pointed to the Shore/ we presented them with two little strings of Beads/ and 2 Big Nails and a old napkin/ for which they gave us a very old Cocoa-nut/ which was all they had with them/ thereupon they paddled to Shore again/ Towards the Evening it was still quiet/ but a little breeze came from the Northe: we drifted very close to the Islands/

and did our best to stand off by Towing/ at the End of the dog-watch we Got clear of these Islands/ and there are 2 big ones and 3 Small ones/ but the latter are Lying on the Westside/ these Islands were named by le Maire the Green Islands/ and we saw west northwest another high Island with 2 or 3 more Very little ones/ and we saw in the west still a very high Land/ which looked like a mainland Coast/ but whether that is so time shall teach us/ variation 9 Degrees Northeasterly

Today 30th Do.
Improving weather and the Breeze from the northeast/ we were still engaged in towing find that the current is setting us to the South/ At noon observed latitude 4 degr 25mi: and Longitude 172 degr: Course made west and sailed or drifted 4 miles/ In the evening we had St. Johns Island about 6 miles northwest of us

Today Ulmo.
Still good weather and quiet/ the wind easterly that with smooth water/ At noon observed latitude 4 degr 28 mi. and Longitude 171 degr 43mi: Course made west/ and sailed 6 miles/ At noon we hoisted the white Flag/ at which our Friends of the Zeeham came on Board/ we resolved together/ what may be seen at length from the Resolution of this day

To-day pmo April
We got the Coast of Nova Guinea alongside/ in the Southern latitude of 4 degr 30 mi: which is called by the Spaniards Cabs Santa Maria. At noon observed latitude 4 degr 30 m: and Longitude 171 degr”2m: Course made west/ and sailed 10 miles/Variation 8 days: 45minutes

To-day 2 Do
Still good calm weather and a little Variable Breeze/ we did our best to Run Along the coast/ which here bears northwest and southeast/ from St. Johns Island northw: there lies yet another High Island about as large as St. Johns Island from which it is 10 miles distant/ to it we gave the name of Anthoni cains Island/ this Island lies Due North of Cabs de Santa Maria/ At noon observed latitude of 4 degr 9 mi. and Longitude 170 degr 41 mins:

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Course made northwest and sailed 10 miles/ we then had Cabs St. Maria south of us/ so that the Cape aforesaid lies in the Longitude of 170 degr 41m:/ according to our Estimate/ in the evening we Ran close inshore so as to make more speed with the Landwind/ at the end of four glasses in the first watch/ we Got the wind from shore with Light Breeze/ we made our Course along the coast

To-day 3 Do
In the morning the Breeze still blowing from the Land/our course still northw along the shore/ about 9 o’clock saw a Vessel coming from shore/ and it was full of People/ said Vessel had both the stern and the sternpost Curved like the Corre-corre of Tarnaten/ they lay still awhile beyond the reach of our Big guns/ and then paddled to shore again. At noon by Estimate in the Southern latitude of 3 degr: 42 mi Longitude 170 degr 20 mi: Course made northwest and sailed 10 miles/ Towards the evening we Got the wind east Southeast with a light Breeze/ we still made our Course northwest along the shore/ this Land seems to be a very beautiful Island/but that is the worst of it that we cannot get an anchoring ground here/ At night we had Thunder/ and Lighning/ with Rain and a Variable Breeze

To-day 4 Do
We still sailed along the coast which here bears northwest by west/ and southeast by East/ it is a Beautiful coast with many bays/ and we passed an Island/ this Island lies 12 miles from Anthony Cains Island/ northwest and southeast from each other to this Island we have given the name of Gardenys Island/ At noon by estimate in the Southern latitude of 3 degr: 22 m: and Longitude 169 degr 50 m: Course made northwest by west/ and sailed 9 miles the wind Variable with a light Breeze/ and calm/ in the evening we Got the Land wind with Rain/Thunder and Light enough/ we did our best to keep Running along the shore

To-day 5 Do
In the morning the Wind still from shore with a light Breeze/towards noon we came upon another Island which lies at 10 miles distance from Gardenys Island/ and they bear from each other west northwest and East Southeast/ Inshore of this island lay some Proas/ so we supposed they lay a fishing/ for which reason we gave to it the name of Fisherman’s Island/ towards noon we saw 6 Proas ahead of us three of which paddled so near to our ship that we set

afloat to them 2 or 3 Pieces Old Canvass/ 2 Strings of beads and 2 old nails/ they did not care anything for the canvass/ and the other things too did not seem to interest them much/ but they pointed to their Heads/ from which we Gathered that they wanted turbans/ these people seemed to be shy/ and from the appearance of their faces they would seem to be afraid for Shooting/ they would seem to be afraid for Shooting/ they did not come near enough, either for us to see whether they carried arms with them/ or not/ they were very black/ and Stark naked/ having nothing but a few Green leaves hanging before their privities/ some of them had Black/ others another colour of hair their Proas were with an Outrigger and in each were 3 or 4 Persons but the other details we Could not discern from such a distance/ after they had thus been pottering about round and near the Ships for a Long while sometimes calling to us as we did also/ but we could not understand each other/ they Paddled back to Shore again/ At noon we made Estimate to be in the Southern latitude of 3 degr: and Longitude 169 degr: and Longitude 169 degr: 17 m: Course made west northwest/ and sailed 10 miles in the afternoon we had the wind northwest with a Light Breeze

To-day 6 Do
In the morning it was calm/ half-way the forenoon we saw once more 8 or 9 Proas coming from the said Island/ of which 3 Paddled to the Zeeham and 5 to our ship/ in some were three/ in others four or even 5 persons/ at about two stone-throws’ distance from our ship they stopped Paddling/ Called to us we could not understand them/ but motioned to them to come nearer/ upon which they paddled round in front of our ship and Pottered about ahead for a Considerable time without coming aboard/ At last one of our Quarterms took his Belt off his Waist and showed it to them from a distance/ thereupon one of these Proas came alongside/ we presented with a string of beads/ the quartermaster gave them his Belt besides/ for which we got nothing in return but a piece of the Pith of a sago tree/ which was all they had with them/ the other Proas seeing that no harm befell their comrades came also Paddling alongside/ in none of them were any

Arms or anything with which they could do harm/ At first had had suspected that they might be villains who following their Moods were in search of a prey/ since they affected such timidity/ had this been they would have found a Warm Reception/ for which we had made all due preparations/ although the Cook was not ready yet with the morning meal/ we mentioned to them/ the words]
Anieuw/ Oust ponana Etc which means Cocoa-nuts, yams, flags Etc/ which they seemed to understand for they pointed to Shore/ as if they would say/ there is/ They Forthwith Paddled there with the speed/ but since the Breeze began to freshen/ we did not see them again/ these people are very dark brown Yea as black/ as any Caffer might be/ their Hair of Different Colour/which vary so much owing to the Lime with which they powder it/ their face daubed with Red Paint/ except the forehead some of them had a white bone piercing the lower part of the nose/ which had about half the thickness of a little Finger/ they had further nothing on the body but a few Green/ before their Privities/ their Canoes were new Elegantly adorned/ aloft and in front carved like Sculpture with an Outrigger/ the Paddles were neither very long nor broad/ sharply pointed in front Etc. At noon we Got the wind Southeast with a Fair Breeze/ we made our Course along the coast west by north/ we had the Altitude of 2 degr 53m: and Longitude 168 degr: 59mi: Course made west northwest and sailed 5 miles/ in the afternoon we made a Good speed/ At night we had the Wind from the land with a light Breeze

To-day 7 Do
In the morning we still drifted in a calm/ in the forenoon again about 20 Proas came Hovering near and about the Ships/ keeping themselves like the previous ones out of the reach of Shot/ we motioned to them several times and when they understood they Paddled alongside but they had nothing in their Proas/ except one of them who brought three Cocoa-nuts one of which we obtained in barter for a string of Beads/ our intention was to get all three for that/ but no with the other two they did not want to part/ another had a Shark (which in their Language they call Illacxa) which we also Bartered for 3 strings of Beads/ a third one having a Dolphin / which one of our sailors bartered for an old cap/ some of them had a few small

Fishes/ which they threw to our men but they were not worth Eating/ at least 3 or 4 of these People came on board of our ship/ they looked about in great amazement/ and walked about the ship/ as if they paddled in such small Canoes several miles out into the sea/ without the least physical discomfort/and in such a big Ship they seem to be quite Dizzy from its movements caused by the Swell they had no Arms with them or anything/ with which they could have done much harm/ they seemed to subsist by Fishing/ for some of them carried was [indecipherable]
Eel-spears/ After they had been on board for a while they left together and paddled back to shore with a Great deal of Bustle and noise/ From this place/ where we were Lying at noon drifting in a calm/ the land further to the west begins to the very law/ but the Coast stretches just the same west by north and west northwest as far as we could see/ At noon estimated latitude 2 degr 35m: and Longitude 168 degr: 25 m: Course west by north and west northwest and sailed 9 miles/ in the afternoon we saw in the west by north and in the west outside the aforementioned cape/again high Land which by Estimation was fully 10 miles away from us we drifted in a calm / at night we got a Little Breeze from easterly quarters/ we did our best to make the high land to the west/ the Current here is steadily along this Coast n our Favor so that obviously every day we made more progress to the west than we apparently proceeded over the water at night we Passed a Large bay or Inlet

To-day 8th Do
In the morning we came on the Westside of the Bay upon four low Islets/ along which we steered our Course/ after having passed these Islets/ we found 2 small Islets 2 miles westward of the ones we had already passed at noon, lying together/ At noon estimated latitude 2 degr 26m: and Longitude 167 degr: 39m:/ the wind east South east but variable Course made west by

 North/ and sailed 12 miles/ variation 10 degr: north-easterly/ we had a Low Cape to the north of which 2 Low Islets were lying Southwest by west of us/ Here the Land begins gradually to fall away to the south/ in the evening about 6 hours after noon we had these 2 Islets south by west of us/ and the nearest Land we saw, being Level and Low-lying/ lay Southw. by South/ of us/ at about 4 miles’ distance/ Course along the Coast/

To-day 9th Do.
In the morning at sunrise we drifted in a calm/ the Cape of the southernmost Land that we saw lay Southeast by East/ of us at 2½ miles/ distance/ where yet another low and small Islet Southsouth west/ of us was lying at about 2 miles’ distance/ and the above land falls away here very Abruptly/ we did our best to Sail close by the said Cape/ but were prevented by calm/ At noon observed latitude 2 degr. 35 mi. and Longitude 167 degr. 4 mi. Course made west Southwest/ and sailed 7 miles Variation 10 degrees/ in the afternoon made our Course for the cape as Before

To-day 10 do
These 24 hours we made Rather good progress to the south/ but for the calm and for other reasons we were doing our best to get South partly to discover the Lands/ and partly to find the Passage to the south the sooner the better/ we found at noon that the Southermost point was east northeast from us/ At noon observed latitude 3 degr: 2m: and Longitude 167 degr: 4 m: course made South/ In the evening we Got the wild northnorthwest/ in order to close the shore again/ we made our Course EastSoutheast and Southeast as well as South/ so that light Variable winds with Rain greatly troubled us/ after midnight we again drifted in a calm with smooth water

To-day 11 do.
At noon we drifted in a calm/without obtaining latitude/ we still saw the Land stretching northeast of us/ to wit the most easterly point and the westernmost point/ northnortheast and north by east/ At noon estimated latitude 3 degrees 28 m: and longitude 166 degr: 51 min: and course made Southwest by west ½ west and sailed 7 miles/ in the second watch we had a little Breeze from the East northeast/ we shaped our Course to Southeast as close to the wind as possible/ but afterwards we had a calm again

To-day 12 do
At the end of three Glasses in the Daywatch we Got such a violent earthquake that none of our Men however deep asleep/remained in bed/ but Everyone came running upstairs in Amazement thinking that the ship had struck it was just as if the keep were Dragging over a Coral Reef/ but having cast the Lead we found no Bottom/ afterwards we still had several times some shocks of earthquake/ but none so violent as the First with calm weather/ but shortly afterwards heavy Rain the Wind variable sometimes calm/ we did our best to come as far to the Southeast as possible about 3 o’clock in the afternoon the wind west with a light Breeze/ At noon observed latitude 3 degr: 45 m: and Longitude 167 degr: 1m: Course made South southeast and sailed 6 miles/ Course Due Southeast then we Saw a small Round low Islet south by west of us/ at about 4 ½ or 5 miles’ distance/ At night Heavy Rain with Variable weather

To-day 13 Do
In the morning the wind northeast with a light Breeze/ we saw high land with several Mountains alternating with Low land/ from the Southwest by west bill in the EastSoutheast/ to all appearance we were in a Large bight/ we still did our best to get the South/ At noon estimated latitude 4 degr: 22m: and Longitude 167 degr: 18 m: Course made Southsoutheast and sailed 10 miles/in the afternoon we drifted in a calm without being able to sound Bottom/ the water here is as smooth as in a River without any motion/ which made us the more believe that we were in a Large bay/ but time shall teach us what of the Matter is/ during the night Variable winds/ and calm/ in the Evening we had a certain Mountain with Hills sosuthsouthwest of us/ we made our Course for these as much as possible

To-day 14 Do
In the morning we saw land from the eastnortheast to the Sosuthsouthwest/ we expected/ though in rain/ to find a Passage between these two/but when we came nearer we found that it was a Bay and that the land all joined till in the west/ therefore we shaped our Course in the afternoon, with a northnorthwest wind, so west by South/ as high as we could sail At about 3 or 4’clock in the afternoon we came upon

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a Reef supposedly mostly level with the water/ and which with the present Sea wind we could hardly sail clear of the said Reef is lying 2 miles from Shore as we could observe/ At noon observed latitude 5 degr: 27m: and Longitude 166 degr 57m: Course Southsouthwest and sailed 15 miles Variation 9 degr 15 m: Northeasterly/ towards the Evening a Little Breeze from the Northnortheast/during the night we drifted again in a calm

To-day 15th do
We had all the time calms and Variable winds/ so that we made little progress/ At noon estimated latitude 5 degr 18 m: and Longitude 166 degr: 36m: and Course made westnorthwest and sailed 6 miles’ distance

To-day 16th do
We still drifted in a calm as before/ we had the westernmost Land that we could see/ west by South and west Southwest of us/ the Land begins here to extend mainly west by north from one Point to the other/ it varies between high mountains and some beautiful large Low Valleys/ the high Island was/ in the Evening/ northwest by north of us at 2 ½ or 3 miles’ distance/ At noon estimated latitude 5 degrees 5 ms: Longitude 166 degr: 27m: and Course made northwest/ and sailed 4 miles/ during the night we Had all the time calm weather.

To-day 17 do
In the morning we still Drifted in a calm about 3 Hours before noon we had the High Island northeast of us 3 miles/ we then Got a Little Breeze from the South-east/ we shaped our Course due west we had then the 2 Islands Exactly opposite each other At noon observed Latitude 5 degr 8 m” and Longitude 166 degr” and Course made west ½ north and sailed 8 miles. Variation 8 degr: 45 m northeasterly/ in the afternoon we drifted again in a calm/ in the Evening at Sunset/the high Island lay East by north/ of us at 6 or 7 miles’ distance and the western extremity of a high mountain on Nova Guinea Southwest by South/ of us at 6 or 7 miles’ distance/ at night again calm

To-day 18 do
In the morning at Sunrise/ the High mountain aforesaid lay South by west/ of us at 6 or 7 miles’ distance/ before noon we Got a little Breeze from the southwest/ we made our Course to the west, as close to the wind as possible with smooth water/ at noon observed Latitude of 5 degr: and Longitude 165 degr: 37m: Course made west by north and westnorthwest/ and sailed 5 miles with Variable winds and calm At noon the High mountain lay south by East/ of us/ at about 4 o’clock in the afternoon the high mountain lay South by East of us/ so that since noon we got about 2 miles to the west we then saw where the land extended to the west/another high mountain/ southwest by south of us/ the wind was then southsouthwest but nearly calm/ Course made to the west as close to the wind as possible/ during the night we got a Fair Breeze from the Southeast/ but at the Close of the second watch it was Calm again.

To-day 19th do.
Before noon a Little Breeze from the South Course west Southwest/ At noon observed Latitude 5 degr. 9 mi. and Longitude 164 degr. 50 mi. Course made west by South/ and sailed 12 miles Variation 9 degr. Northeasterly/ at noon we had a Round High Islet located 3 miles off the main Coast of Nova Guinea/ Due South of us at 2½ miles’ distance/ we made our course west Southwest/ we then saw Land also west by north of us/ which was fairly high/ we supposed the same to be Islands/ since the main coast of Nova Guinea extends here, we find, only due west/in the afternoon the wind Southeast we still pursued our westSouth westerly course/ at two o’clock in the afternoon we came upon a Reef of Rock/ which was only a Fathom under water/ from the topmast we saw several more small Reefs/ to the north of the Reef aforesaid/ the sea between which was/ apparently/quite deep/ we ran South of these/ and then saw still other Reefs South of us/ so we passed through between both and shaped our Course again to west southwest with calm weather/ we then had the Round High Island/ which at noon lay south of us/ Southeast by E: of us at about 4 miles’ distance/ so that this Reef

aforementioned is lying 4 miles northwest by west of the high Round Island/ this Reef lies in the South latitude of 5 degr: and 10 or 12m: the northernmost point of the mountains/which up to now we had taken to be islands/ lay westnorthwest of us at about 7 miles’ distance/ which will suffice for recognizing these Shoals in the future/ in the evening the Southern point of a High Island/ west by north of us at about 5½ or 6 miles’ distance/ we made our Course Due west as much as we could with very light Variable winds

To-day 20th do
At noon we had the southernmost point of the Island northwest by west of us/ 2 or 2½ mile away/ in the Evening the center of the island lay north, northe: of us 1½ mile/ and the southern point of another – Larger and Higher Island/westnorthwest of us at 6 or 7 miles’ distance/ we made our course west by north (and sailed 6 miles) say At noon observed Latitude 5 days: 4m and Longitude 164 degr: 27m: Course made west by north/ and sailed 6 miles with Variable wind and calm variation 8 degr: 30m:/in the Evening we again drifted on account of calm/ but soon afterwards the wind became east with a fair Breeze/ at night at the setting of the second watch/ we came close inshore the Island/ we saw a huge Fire rising steadily from the top of the mountain/ this is the Volcano of which Willem Schoutens writes in his Journal/ so that we in order to run between the mainland of Nova Guinea/ and this Island/ let her drift during the night without sail/ so as to wait for the Day/ While Drifting we observed Strong Eddies owing to the Current/ which set us to the west/being to our advantage/ we saw on the same Island many Fires close to the water/ as well as half-way up/ the high mountains/ so we judged it to be a Richly Populated Island/ it is lying in the latitude of … degr…m: sailing here along the Coast of Nova Guinea we had frequent calms/we saw Wood floating about all the time/ both large and small trees/ and Bamboos/ and other Dirt from Shore/ which came from the Rivers/ the which made us Believe/ that must beigh mountain lay south by east/ of High mountain lay so good land with many Rivers/ we made our Course to the northw Along the Shore

To-day 21 Do
In the morning the centre of the Island lay East of us at 3 miles’ distance/ the Southeast point East Southeast/ and Southeast by East/ of us the nearest Land on the mainland Coast Southwest 1½ or 1¾ miles/ away from us/ this Island is by estimate 4 or 4½ mile long/ We then saw

one more Island northwest by west/ of us at about 8 miles’ distance/ named by Willem Schouttens the High Island/ and justly so since it is very high/ at noon latitude observed 4 degr: 30m: and Longitude 163 degr 13m: Course made west by north/ and sailed 20 miles with a variable wind/ in the evening at Sunset/ the wind was east with a light Breeze/Since Noon we had sailed 5 miles northwest/ we now shaped our Course northwly by west with a good Breeze/ and afterwards westnorthwest/ so that the centre of the Island in the evening lay Due northwest of us at about 4 miles’ distance/ and at the end of 6 Glasses in the first watch/ being between the mainland of Nova Guinea/ and the Island in the narrowest we found that here at the mainland of Nova Guinea/ there begins a low land/ which further extends westnorthwest/ and northwest by west/ Therefore at the end of the first watch we took in all sails/ and let her Drift under a mizzen/ in order to await the Day/ and prevent all perils/ but since the current here was steadily going west/ we made more Progress judged from the Land/ than we apparently proceeded over the water/ this mountain burnt steadily from the top with Flames of Fire

To-day 22 Do
In the morning in the Daywatch we made sail again/ and shaped our Course westnorthw at Sunrise we came upon very pale water/ at first we thought the same to be a Shoal/ for which reason we forthwith sailed to the north/ we then saw the Fiery High mountain eastsoutheast and S:E: by E:/ of us at 7 miles’ distance/ the one that burned so violently at night/ We had another high but Small Island/ northeast/ of us 4 or 5 miles away/ the westernmost Point of the mainland which we saw west n:w: 4 miles away from us/ a Large River S Southwest of us at 2 miles’ distance/ the Course of northnorthwest Leads between the 2 High Islets lying together we saw west of these still more land were three more Islands/ the mainland Coast extends here mainly west northwest/we have cast for bottom/ but found none/

 although we were only a mile from the Low land/we made our Course west n: west again along the coast/ to-Day we passed 6 Islets/ which we took all together on starboard/ At noon observed Latitude 3 degr: 39m: with an East and E:S:E; wind also east n:e:/ but Variable/ Course made w:n:w: ½ north and sailed 27 miles/ In the afternoon we got a Fair Breeze from the East northeast/ Course still as before/ and as the Land here is still low with plenty of Rivers/ we saw many Trees/ and other lumber/ together with much green Shrubbery come floating out of the Rivers with a steady of whitish Sandy water/ this low Land/ makes a corner here/ beyond this Point the Land falls away to the west/ so that it makes a large bay there/ but just the same it bears from one corner to the other/ westnorthwest/ in the evening the most westerly of the 6 to wit the Eastern Extremity lay northeast by north of us, at 1½ miles’ distance/ we then had another high Island alongside west by north / of us at 5 miles’ distance/ we made our Course westnorthwest and n:w: by west/ At the close of the first watch/ we had the centre of the Island s:w:/ of us at one mile’s distance/ we further made our Course w:n: west with an Easterly wind at midnight a heavy Rain

To-day 23 do
In the morning the wind still as before Easterly: Course still westnorthwest/ in the forenoon we passed so many pieces of wood/from trees bamboos/ and other Shrubs as if we were sailing in a River/ we suspect that there must be a large River hereabouts/ and since we are set away from shore by the Current we made our Course west and afterwards west by South so as to get the shore alongside again/ At noon estimated latitude 3 degr” 1m: and Longitude 160 degr: 3m: the wind East and Course made westnorthwest/ and sailed 26 miles/at two o’clock in the afternoon/ we came close to the mainland Coast again/ in the evening we made our Course right along the coast again westnorthwest/ this afternoon a Proa from the mainland came alongside the Zeehaen

To-day 24 do
In the morning Course and wind as before with a Fair Breeze/ At noon no Latitude taken/ with God we estimated to be in the southern latitude of 2 degr: 22 min: and Longitude 158 degr: 56 m:/ the wind East/ course made westnorthwest/ and sailed 26 miles/ variation 8 degr: northeasterly/ in the afternoon we had Rain/ but at night at the Close of the second watch we saw Straight ahead of us/ low land with Fires/ we lay to with one tail close to the wind in order to await the Day/ and let her drift at night we found the latitude 2 degr: 20 minutes

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To-day 25th do
In the morning at dawn we made Sail again with an easterly wind/ we shaped our Course west towards the land that we had seen at night/ or the fires on the said Land/ we found it to be 3 low Islets/ lying close to the mainland Coast about 5 miles eastward of the Island Moa/ which we sighted a little later/ we shaped our Course towards the Island Moa/ and thereon the westside of the Island we came upon the Road-stead and anchored in 12 Fathom good grey sandy bottom/ to-day we had much Rain the Sea running high from the northwest/ having dropped our anchor/ we Got a crowd of Small proas swarming near and about our ships and Dawdling for a long while/ before they ventured to Come alongside/ therefore we bound a few Beads on pieces of Firewood which we threw out to them/ upon which nearly all came on board/ bringing no more than three Cocoanuts we gave them to understand by aid of Jacob la Maire’s Vocabulary that they should bring Hogs/ chickens/ Cocoa-nuts/ Bananas/ and other Fruits/ upon which they paddled to Shore to fetch the same/ and returned toward noon some of them bringing 4: others 5 or 6 Cocoa-nuts with them together with a number of unripe Bananas/ all of which we Bartered 5 or 6 for an Old Nail or String of Beads/ for a knife 14/15/16 or 17 Cocoa-nuts/ Some of them also brought smoked and fresh Fish/ At noon observed latitude 2 degr: and 11 m:/ and Longitude 156 degr: and 47 m: the wind east/ Course made west by north and sailed 28 miles – In the evening after all the Proas had left the Ships we sent in our Pinnace for our Friends of the Zeeham/ with whom we resolved such as is set forth at length in the Resolution of to-day/ as may be seen from the same

To-day 26th Do
Early in the morning and again Got a great

many Proas alongside with Cocoa-nuts and unripe Bananas/ it seemed that these People here Had nothing else to dispose of/ we Bartered so many to-Day that Each man of our Crew got 5 cocoanuts/ but they brought little else but Cocoa-nuts and unripe Bananas also some fresh and smoked Fish/ all of which we got from them by barter/ to-day we saw 2 low Islets west of us, at about 4 miles say o’clock in the afternoon/ we saw the Island Artimoa lay northwest by

West of us by Estimate 8 or 9 miles away/ lying off the Island here we found the wind to blow northeast from the sea during the Day and southeast from the Land during the night/ we found the current setting steadily to the west here/ so fast that in a calm one would surely drift 4 or 5 or 6 miles in 24 hours/ their Proas are very narrow about a Foot in width

To-day 27th Do
In the morning the wind was found to be S:W:/ the latitude here 2 degr: 10 m: and Longitude 156 degr: 47 m: this morning there came again a large number or Proas alongside Some from other Islands in the neighbourhood and others from the main Land/bringing with them nothing but Cocoa-nuts/ unripe Bananas/ also some smoked and some fresh Fish/ almost all of which we Bartered/ among the said Proas were 2 Large ones/ in Each of which there were as many as 18 or 20 men/ Each of them carrying Bow and arrow/ also Javelins and Harpoons/ these natives were almost wholly black and naked having nothing but a little Covering before their Privities/ whatever words these People heard our men speak/ they could immediately repeat Perfectly/ which is a sure sign that their language is Rich and hard to pronounce/ which we infer/ from their using the Letter r: in many of their words Yea in some three together/

This day we got so many Cocoa-nuts that we gave Each of our men 6 Cocoa-nuts and a few Bananas/ in the evening we sent for our Friends of the Zeehaen to come on board of us/ and we proposed to them that we have been informed/ that we are not at Moa but before Jamna/ therefore whether it would not be best to Weigh Anchor in the Morning before Dawn/ and to run to Moa where we are likely to obtain more refreshments which was approved of by the Council/ as may be seen from to-day’s Resolution/

To-day 28th Do
In the morning at 4 glasses in the Day watch we weighed our anchors and sailed with Small Sails to the Islands of Moa/ where we dropped anchor about noon in 10 Fathom Anchor-holding ground/ as soon as we had dropped anchor/ we Got numerous little Proas with Coca-nuts/ Bananas/alongside/ At noon estimated latitude 2 degr: 5 m: and Longitude 156 degr: 28 m: Course made west by north/and sailed 5 miles/in the afternoon at the end of 6 Glasses a large Proa came with 19 men bringing a number of Cocoa-nuts Etc. which those of the Zeehaen bartered/ today also we bartered so many Coca-nuts/ that to Each of our men six were distributed

To-day 29th Do
In the morning we again Got a large number of Small Proas alongside/ with Cocoa-nuts unripe Bananas all of which we bartered against old Nails/ Beads/ and Knives/ so that today to Each man of our crew 4 Cocoa-nuts were distributed/ towards the Evening a large number of Proas came alongside/ among which was 1 large one with 11 persons who brought a goodly Quantity of Cocoa-nuts/ all of which we Bartered from them/ towards the evening we summoned our Friends of the Zeehaen onboard of us/ and resolved together/ to Weigh anchor and continue our Voyage/ as soon as wind and tide will serve

To-day Ulmo
In the morning a strong wind from the W: N: W:/and the sea sunning high/ so that during this Whole day we could do nothing to give effect to our Resolution of the previous day to sail from Moa/ and continue our Voyage/ but were compelled to remain at anchor/today we Bartered a few more Cocoa-nuts/ as many as they brought

Today pmo May 1
The W: N: W: wind still Continuing/we still remained at anchor/ Because the current was against us/ so that Plying by tacks would have been of no use to us/ to-day we obtained a few more Cocoa-nuts

To-day 2 Do
We still remained at Anchor/ because the west northwest wind was blowing with a stiff, steady Breeze/ and the Current setting steadily to the East/ we had Rain occasionally/ but most of the time dry weather/ before noon we still Bartered a good many Cocoa-nuts but in the afternoon we Got no Proas alongside/on account of the Strong Breeze/ at night fairly good weather and all through westerly wind

To-day 3 do
In the morning several Proas came alongside again/ our men being engaged in washing the Deck/ one of our sailors standing on the wale to handle the Bucket was shot with an arrow/into the thick part of his leg above the Thigh/ we immediately made some of our Men fire among their little Proas with muskets/ and wounded one of the natives in the arm/ Shortly afterwards we weighed our anchor and sailed inshore where Jacob la Maire had been lying before with the Ship the Eendracht/ and dropped anchor between the two Islands/ in smooth water in 6 Fathoms anchor-holding ground/ where we are Lying protected from all winds/ the natives seeing this

that we came sailing inwards with both Ships/ waved on the Beach

with Branches of Trees/ and were apparently very afraid/ that we might do them Harm/ they immediately sent to our Ship the same Persons/ who before had been shooting at us with Arrows/ in order to make Peace with us again/ which was done/ then the other Natives came on Board again as before/ but they did not dare to demand as much for their Goods/ as before/ what we gave them/ with that they were content/ to-day we Got here again some little Proas with Cocoa-nuts alongside/ all of which we took from them in Barter/ so that we distributed among our crew to Each man 9 Cocoa-nuts

To-day 4 Do
In the morning the west northwest wind was still Continuing and therefore compelled to remain / to-day again a large number of Proas with Cocoa-nuts came alongside/ all of which we Bartered/ so that we distributed 7 to Each of our men

To-day 5 Do
In the morning the west northwest wind still continuing we remained lying at anchor/ to-day we got only a few Cocoa-nuts on Board/ but very Young ones/ it seems that most Cocoa-nuts of this Island have already been gathered

To-day 6 Do
In the morning about 8 o’clock/ we Got the Breeze from Shore/ we
weighed anchor and set Sail/ so as to continue our Voyage there still came a few Proas with Cocoa-nuts alongside/ when we were already under sail/ we have got from these Islands both of Jamna and Moa 6000 Cocoa-nuts/ for both Ships/ and about 100 bunches of Bananas/ all of which we got in Barter for Beads/and old rusty Nails/ pieces of old Iron Hoops/ which we Ground to make them look like Knives/ to which we fitted Wooden Handles/ for which they were very eager/ when we were a quarter of a mile outside the bay/ it became calm/ so that we had to Drop Anchor again in 9 Fathoms, holding well

Today 7th Do
In the morning the wind blowing slightly from the land/ but almost calm/ we set sail/ so as to get a little further from shore out to sea/ in the forenoon the wind west by South/ a Fair little Breeze Course made north northwest in the afternoon the wind north northwest we tacked and made our Course west by South/ in the Evening at the setting of the First watch The Island of Arimoa lay northwest of us about 3 miles distance/ we then tacked to north again/ made our Course north by west with little advantage, since the sea ran strongly from the northwest/ during the night the Wind was west Southwest

To-day 8 Do
In the morning at Sunrise the largest Island, Arimoa, lay Due Southwest/ of us about 3 miles distance the wind still west by South and west Southwest/ Course still kept to northnorth W:/ in the afternoon good weather we got latitude 1 degr: 30 min: and Longitude 156 degr: 22 min: Course made northwest by west and sailed 8 ¾ miles/ variation 8 degr: north easterly/ we had the northwest corner of the Island of Arimoa/ Southwest and Southwest by South of us/ about 5 or 6 miles’ distance/ we then tacked to the Southwest/ with a west northwest wind with a light Breeze/ in the Evening at Sunset we have the westpoint of the Island of Arimoa Southwest by South of us/ at about 3 ½ mile’s distance/ with quiet weather the wind west northwest/ we still ran Southwestward at night in the First and second watch we drifted on account of a calm/ the sea still running from the west northwest/ at the close of the second watch we Got a Little Breeze from the Southe: shaped our Course Due west

To-day 9th do
In the morning the wind South by East but nearly calm at Sunrise we had the Island of Arimoa South by East/ of us at about 3 or 4 miles’ distance Course still west/At noon we Got a Light Breeze from the North the Island of Arimoa lay Southeast by East/ of us at 3 or 4 miles’ distance/ Course west/ At noon observed latitude 1 degr: 35 min: and Longitude 155 degr: 25 m: Course made west by South and sailed 7 miles variation 7 degr: 30 m: in the afternoon the wind north northwest with good weather/ in the Evening at Sunset the North side of Arimoa lay East by South of us at 7 miles’ distance we found here the Depth of 67 Fathom about 3 miles

[Page 100]
off the last Land/ which here was a very Low Land the wind northwest we still sailed towards the coast/ the water became slowly shallower/ 50/ 40/ 30/ and 25 Fathoms/ all good Ground until at the end of 6 Glasses in the first watch we came in 24 Fathoms/ where upon we tacked about/ the wind was Coming more from the land occasionally thereafter/ so that about midnight the wind being southwest/ we shaped our Course to northwest along the Coast

To-day 10th Do
In the morning the wind South/Course as before/ we sailed here all the time in thick water of green Color/ along a low Land/ which on account of this discharge of water we supposed to be full of Rivers/ but we remained so far from Shore that we could not see or observe with Clearness and Rivers/ before noon we set our Course to northwest by west/ we found here/ that the currents caused by the discharge of the Rivers are continually setting off the Land/ At noon observed latitude 1 degr: 17 min: and Longitude 155 degr: 12 mi: Course made west northwest and sailed 12 miles with Variable winds/ in the afternoon it was almost calm/ in the evening in the first watch we (drifted in a calm) in the second watch the Wind was Variable

To-day 11 do
At noon the wind was Southeast with a light Breeze we made our Course west by South so as to get the Coast alongside again/ since we did not see land/ At noon observed Latitude / degr. 3 mi: and longitude 154 degr 28 mi:/ Course made west and sailed 12 miles Variation 6 degr 50 mi: northeasterly in the Evening we shaped our Course Due west with a south-south-east wind/ during the whole night a Fair Breeze but at times nearly calm/ it seems however that the wind is beginning to be partly influenced by the East monsoon to-day smooth water the clouds which previously came from the northwest/ are at present at a standstill/ we were Passing low Land here

To-day 12 do
In the morning the wind east by north the Course west we again saw the Land/ it lay west by South of us we made our Course Straight for it found it to be Willem Schouttens Island at noon we had the northern extremity Due west of us at about 6 miles’ distance/ with good weather observed Latitude 54 mi: and Longitude 153 degr: 17 mi: with East Southeast wind Course made west and sailed 18 miles we were

Sailing along it/ about an Hour before Sunset 6 Proas came to us from Schouttens Island/ in order to have a look at us/ in each Proa about 20/24 or 25 men/ but Fear withheld them to come alongside these Proas were about as large as Oranbais of the Moluccas/ but not so wide/ very skilled in paddling/ they were apparently a Quick Race/ so that this Island being about 18 or 19 miles long/ is well populated/ in the Evening at Sunset we had the northern point of Willem Schouttens Island west Southwest of us at about 1 ½ mile’s distance/ so that we saw the Surf continually breaking against the Shore/ to-day in the evening a heavy Slow swell is rising coming from the north/ what that may mean time will reveal/ the Wind still Easterly with a light Breeze/ in the Evening we shaped our Course to west/ towards the western point so that all through the night we held along the shore

To-day 13 do
In the morning we were about 2 miles from the west point of Willem Schouttens Island/ it lay mainly southwest by South of us/ another Islet bearing northwest north/ of this said point at 3 or 4 miles’ distance/ lay northwest of us/ we were still sailing west along the Land/ until the said point lay south of us/ we then shaped our Course west Southwest so as to get the Mainland Coast alongside again/ in the forenoon we Got the wind South with a Fair Breeze/ At noon estimated latitude 54 mi”/ and Longitude 152 degr: 6 mi: Course made west and sailed 18 miles with an East wind variation 6 degr: 30 mi: but in the afternoon estimated latitude 54 mi: and Longitude 152 degrees 6 minutes/ but in the afternoon Southeast with Rainy weather/ Course made west and sailed 18 miles with an East wind variation 6 degr: 30 mi:/ we then saw Land again in the South southwest of us/ it was rather low Land being the main land of Nova Guinea/ from here we shaped our Course due west/ during the night Fair Breeze –

Today 14 do.
In the morning we were again close to the mainland Coast of Nova Guinea/ the interior here was very high/ like Ilha do formosa but the foreland is everywhere mostly Low or Level/ We still sailed westward along the Coast towards the Cape de goede Hoope/

At noon observed Latitude 48 minutes/ and Longitude 150 degr:31 mi: Course made west and sailed 24 miles/the wind East/ in the afternoon little Breeze in the Evening calm/ We saw the Cape de goede Hoope/ lying west and west by South/ of us at about 6 miles’ distance/ east of the Cape de goede Hoope there begins very High Land/ quite close to the Seashore without any low Foreland/ fully as high as the Island of Formosa We still pursued our Course towards the Cape de Hoope west by north/ the sea now running from the northe: At night dark weather with Rain/ the wind very Variable/ afterwards we drifted in a calm

Today 15 Ditto.
At noon we had the Cape de geode Hoope South of us three miles away/ we had the estimated latitude 41 minutes and Longitude 149 degr: 53 mi: Course made west by north and sailed 10 miles variation 6 Degrees northeasterly/ but Variable wind/ in the afternoon the wind was East northeast with quiet weather/ we shaped our Course west to the Westside of the bay/ Which Willem Schoutten had sailed into and from which he had to Return again/ during the night we drifted in a calm and made little progress

Today 16 do.
In the morning we still drifted in a calm we saw Land on the West side of the Bay aforesaid/ the western point lay West of us at 7 miles’ distance/ at noon nearly calm we had the Western point of the Bay Southsouthw: of us/ made our Course west by north/ At noon observed Latitude 16 mi: and Longitude 149 degr: 9 minutes/ Course made west northwest and sailed 12 miles variation 5 degr: 50 mi: in the afternoon it was calm again but since the current carried us to the west/ every day greater judged from the Land than we proceeded over the water/ this day we saw several Small Islets near the Point in the west/ we made our Course towards them west by South/in the Evening at Sunset the westernmost point of the mainland/ that we saw lay west slightly Southerly at 3 or 4 miles’ distance from us/ and an Islet just lying off the point west slightly northerly 3 or 4 miles away from us/ We saw the open Due west of us between the mainland of Nova Guinea and the said Islet We drifted in a calm/ At midnight the wind from the Land/ shaped our Course to west by north in order to Sail along the said islet on the outside/ at night we had Variable winds and calms

Today 17th Do.
Early in the morning we were close to the aforesaid Island about a mile northeast of it/ We then came upon a Shoal/ in sailing over it we sounded in the Shallowest part 9 Fathom stony Bottom/ having passed the said first Shoal/ we got deeper Water again/ but shortly after having the Island South by East of us/we saw the Bottom/ was 7 Fathom deep/ ground As before this shoal extends like the aforesaid Land northwest from it/ we still made our Course west by South/ We saw still more Islands ahead west of us 5 or 6 miles away/ At noon the Island that we had passed/ lay about 3 miles East of us/ during these 24 hours we had advanced 9 miles to the west slightly Southerly We estimated the latitude of 20 mi: south of the Equator Longitude 148 degr: 34 mi: Course made west 1/3 Southerly and sailed 9 miles/ in the Evening at sunset there lay west northwest by northwest by west/ of us 7 or 8 Islets in a row bearing west by north and east by South/ of each other/ We then passed a number of Rocks/ but all Thickly covered with vegetation We left those on starboard/ and 4 more Small Islets/ on larboard/ the latter were Lying very close under the Mainland Coast/the Coast of Nova Guinea is here full of Small inlets and projecting Points but almost everywhere deep Bottom/ so that we let her run a mile from the Land / At about 4 Glasses in the First watch Coming in front of a fairly large bay at about 5 miles’ distance from shore/ we found here a depth of 40 Fathom Sandy Bottom/ where we forthwith anchored/ we now had a large high Island west by South of us at about 6 miles’ distance where in the Evening we had seen an opening/ between the mainland Coast and said Island

Today 18 do.
Early in the morning with the Land-wind we weighed anchor and set sail/ for the Narrows in order to Run between the Mainland coast and the Island/ Shortly thereafter we drifted in a calm/ and about noon a Little Breeze from the west and the Current being against us so that we drifted Back again therefore we came to anchor between an Island/and a Rock which lay level with the water/ in 16 Fathom/ Small Coral Bottom/ As we lay here the current began to run much Faster in the afternoon we were lying here in the estimated Southern latitude of 26 minutes and Longitude 147 degr: 55 mi: variation 5 ½ degree northeasterly About four o’clock in the afternoon the current begins to change being the Ebbtide which runs to the west/ and the Flood to the east so

that here a west southwest moon makes high tide/ but since we cannot be far from the west point of Nova Guinea/ according to the Southerly trend which begins here/ it might well be/ that both Tides meet here at the end of Nova Guinea/ since before we have had the Tide from the East all along the Coast of Nova Guinea/ and the moon being dark/ we remained at Anchor this night/ for safety/this afternoon many Proas came near our Ship which said they were Tarnatans/ they spoke the language of tarnate one of our Men spoke the Tarnate language well/ talked to them a Long time/ and with kind words tried to get them on Board/ but they were timid/ and afraid/ from which we suspected that these men were Tydorese/ Therefore they returned to the Shore again with their Proas/ the wind west with good weather/ during the night we had a tremendous current to the west/ and many Whirling currents so that our anchor dragging we had to veer more Cable/ for the rest it was calm all the time.

To-day 19 do.
In the morning the current again began to run westward/ we weighed our Anchor and set sail/ the wind was south by west with good weather we shaped our Course Southeast by East towards the land with good Dry weather/ in this Passage we had all the time a depth of 25 to 45 and 50 fathom/ at this point there was much broken Land/ as may be seen in our Chart of the same/ At noon observed latitude 35 mi. and Longitude 147 degr. 41 mi. Course made west Southwest and sailed 7 miles the wind South by west and Variable/ we hauled to the shore since the wind was South with calm in the forenoon the current coming from the South southw. We anchored in 85 Fathom/ good sandy bottom/ in the afternoon we had a dead calm during the night Variable currents.

To-day 20th do.
In the morning the current ran slightly to the southw./ and variable/ the wind/ a Slight Breeze from the Southeast/ we did our best to get the South and to pass through between the Islands/ but we made little progress owing to contrary wind and calms.

We Sailed here over a Reef of 5 Fathom deep Sandy bottom mixed with stones/ but thereafter continually 25/30/ or 40 Fathom again Sandy bottom mixed with stones/ in the forenoon the wind southerly/ we tacked about to the East/ and shortly after noon since the wind was then Southsouthwest

[Page 105]
we came again upon the Reef aforesaid/ and the current setting strongly to the northeast/ we anchored in 5 Fathom. Here at this Point the current runs very strongly/ so that in my opinion nothing Certain can be written about it/ except what he who comes here immediately sees before his Eyes/ by which he has to go/ this aforementioned west point of Nova Guinea is mostly broken Land/ so that to Chart the same/ would require more time than we think necessary to bestow on it/ being satisfied with having found a good passage through/which in the future may be of use to the Company’s ships coming from Peru or Chile/ during the night the Wind was South with a strong current/ setting to the Southwest/ we still remained at Anchor.

To-day 21st do.
In the morning before Dawn since the current was running to the southwest and the wind being Southeast/ and southsoutheast/ we weighed Anchor/ and set sail with a steady wind/ Course Southwest/ in the forenoon the wind South by East/ so that we made no progress plying to windward by tacks/ therefore we anchored under a Little Islet in 15 Fathom Fairly good bottom about noontime/ in the Southern latitude of 38 mi. and Longitude 147 degr. 34 mi. Course made South and sailed a mile with a South by East wind/ in order to direct our course to the South along the Coast of Nova Guinea or otherwise at the first occasion that may present itself of favourable wind or current/until we shall have passed/ the latitude of the Cape Wedda on the Island/ of gilolo/ from where we can cross as high as practicable/ we sailed close inshore here for some Firewood, which was obtainable there in great Abundance/ on the aforesaid Island we have seen traces of men, but observed none/ apparently Fishermen come here at certain times of the Year to Dry their Fish/ and then take the same to other Places to sell them/ About this Islet and along the whole point and between the Islands there are everywhere currents as strong/ as the old saw has it/ as before Flushing pier-head/ the Flood runs in these Places to the North/ and the Ebb to the South/ but almost everywhere follows the direction of the Coast/ or of the Islands/ and Passages/ Narrows and Straits/

in the Evening at the Close of the First watch the wind S.S.E.

we set sail/ did our best by Tacking/ to get the South/ with a steady Breeze.

To-day 22 do.
In the morning the wind was still South/ as before we did our best to advance to the south/ but we came to Anchor again about noon near a Small Islet in 35 Fathom Sandy bottom lying about 2 miles S.E. by East of the aforementioned Island where we had been so that in these 24 hours we had advanced no more than 2 miles Southeast by East/ At noon observed latitude 40 mi. and Longitude 147 degr. 40 mi. Course made Southeast by East/ and sailed 12 miles.

To-day 23 do.
In the morning the wind Southeast but almost calm we set sail/ did our best to get the South/ in the forenoon the Wind was Variable so that at noon we had progressed about 4 miles South by East/

At noon we had the estimated latitude 55 mi. and Longitude 147 Degr. 43 mi. Course made South by East and sailed 4 miles the wind Variable variation 4 degr. 30 mi. here we came again close under a number of Islands/ but at first found no Anchorage/ this Coast of Nova Guinea is here constantly running out/ and in with so many bays and Islands Small and large that they cannot be counted/ during the night we drifted in a calm most / in the Evening we had taken soundings in 50 Fathom.

To-day 24 ditto
In the morning we drifted in a calm as before/ in the forenoon the wind was South by East/ we did our best to get the South by Tacking but we made little progress/ At noon observed Latitude 1 degr. 6 mi. and Longitude 147 degr. 34 mi./ Course made South west by west and sailed 3 miles/ the wind South and calm we convened the Council with the Second Mates of the Ships Heemskerck and Zeehaen/ in which Council it was resolved and approved/ that we should navigate our course above the Point of Wedda towards Ceram, and thus further to Batavia/ since is impossible at this time of the Year/ because wind and/ current are against us/ all which may be seen at length in the Resolution/ which was drawn up to-day concerning this matter/ At night we came close by a Small Islet/ which we could not Weather well/ so that we were compelled to Anchor in 11 Fathom Coarse Sandy Bottom/ while we were lying at anchor we found that the current was Running to the west.

To-day 25 do.
In the morning the wind East Southeast we weighed Anchor and set sail/ we passed through between 2 Islets/ this Day we had many variable winds almost calms/with Rain/ we continually did our best to get to the South/ At noon observed Latitude/ degr. 25 mi. and Longitude 147 degr. 21 mi. Course made Southwest by west and sailed 4 miles with variable wind/ in the Evening Course due South by west/ at night we passed to Larboard of us a large Island.

To-day 26 do.
At Noon no Latitude taken/ we estimated the southern latitude 1 degr. 58 mi. and Longitude 147 degr. 12 mi. Course made South by west and sailed 22 miles/ the wind Variable we saw again to the southeast of us a large Island of about 8 miles in length/ It extends chiefly East northe. and westsouthwest/ off its northwest side there were a great number of Small Islets/ we then shaped our Course southsouthwest/ to the west of all these small Islets/ in the evening before Sunset we saw 2 more High Islets northwest by west of us about 7 or 8 miles from us Shortly afterwards we saw the whole extension of the Coast of Ceram Southsouthwest of us/ we shaped our Course straight towards it with good quiet weather/ the wind was then northwest/ during the first and second quarter of the night we drifted in a calm/ in the day-watch we got the wind from the north with Rain.

To-day 27 ditto
In the morning the wind was chiefly from the west/ the western extremity of the large Island which we had passed the Evening / lay northeast by north of us at about 5 miles distance/ the wind west with good quiet weather/ made our Course to the South as close to the wind as possible towards the Coast of Ceram/ from which we were at noon still 5 miles away/ from about the centre of C(h)eram/ At noon observed Latitude 2 degr. 40 mi. and Longitude 146 degr. 55 mi. Course made Southsouthwest/ and sailed 11 miles with Variable winds/ and calms/ at Sunset we were still 2 or 2½ miles from Shore/ the wind was still westerly/ we did our best to run to the west passing along C(h)eram to the north/ during the night we advanced about 5 or 6 miles with variable winds/ most of the Day watch we had a calm.

To-day 28 do.
In the morning variable winds with Rain/ we shaped our Course to the west/ since the Land wind was blowing partly from the south/ we were now right off the Islets which are lying 6 together/ close under the Coast of C(h)eram/ the middle of that Southsouthwest of us at about 3 miles distance/ at noon the westernmost of the said Islets lay southsoutheast of us 3 miles or 2½ mile away/ in the forenoon of this Day we had had Rain/ At noon we had the estimated latitude South 2 degr. 48 mi. and average longitude 146 degr. 15 mi. Course made west by South and sailed 10 miles/in the afternoon dry weather the wind southsouthe. With a light Variable Breeze.

To-day 29 do.
In the morning say At noon we had the Island of Bona west southwest of us 5 miles/ we made our Course close along the coast with the intention of sailing to the South through the straits of Nassowv/ At noon estimated southern latitude 2 degr. 52 mi. and Longitude 145 degr. 15 mi. Course made west 1/4 southerly/ and sailed 15 miles/ with a Southerly but variable wind

But in the afternoon it was calm thereafter the wind ran round to westward of the south/ so that we were forced to run northward of Bona during the night/ the wind during the night was south/ we shaped our Course close to the wind towards the Island of Boure.

To-day 30 do.
In the morning we were close under the coast of Boure/ along the northside of which we sailed with good weather/ and a Fair Breeze from the South/At noon we had the northwest point of Boere, called Jannewary South by East of us 1½ mile away/ At noon estimated the Southern latitude 3 degr. 8 mi. and Longitude 143 degr. 52 minutes/ Course made west by south and sailed 21 miles/ in the afternoon we drifted in a calm under the Island of Boere/ the sea running from various quarters/ the wind west we let her run to the South/ so as to be close inshore in the Evening/ and to await the landwind during the night we Got a Little breeze from the land/ Course west by south along the shore.

To-day 31 do.
In the forenoon we had calms and variable winds/ At noon we had the w. point of Boere, Tamahoo by name/ South of us at 3 miles distance/ At about one o’clock in the afternoon we got the wind South with a steady Breeze Course to the west/ At noon estimated the Southern latitude 3 degr. 15 mi. and Longitude 143 degr. 17 mi. Course made west by South/ towards the Evening the wind being Southeast we made our course Southw./ with a steady wind and good dry weather/ at night at the Close of the first watch the wind East Southeast we shaped our Course Southwest by west towards the mouth of the straits of Boutton/ as we intended to pursue our Course through the said straits and so further to the boocqueronis.

To-day pmo. June
In the morning the wind was still East southeast with good dry weather and a Fair Breeze/ we made our Course west southwest towards the north point of the Island of boutton/ At noon observed Latitude 4 degr. 13 mi. and Longitude 141 degr. 51 min. Course made Southwest by west and sailed 26 miles/ with an East Southeast wind/ in the afternoon we saw the straits of boutton/ in the Evening we sailed into them/ and at night in the straits we did our best, with Variable winds and calms,to pursue our Voyage through the straits to the south.

To-day 2nd do.
In the morning at Sunrise/ we had advanced about 3 miles into the straits/ we were drifting in a calm/ in the afternoon since it was calm/ and the current against us/ we came to Anchor close under the Coast of boutton in 26 Fathom where we found 2 Junks at anchor/ the Anachgodes

of which came on board of us without delay/ showing their Passports/ which they had received from the Hon. Governor Gerrit Demmer/ with which they were going to buna/ and then returning to Amboina to battavia/ the names of the anachgodes of the Junks were Mouna Jurregan/ Wanga/ besides there was still a free Black Heindrick Jansz of Solar, ensign of the groene geuzen/ from whom we learned that the Hon. Anthony Caen had arrived at Amboina with a number of ships/and with destination for Tarnaaten/ We also understood that the Ship Hollandia was reported to have been lost on her way from Batta. To Amboina/ whether this is true we shall learn in time/ At noon estimated latitude 4 degr. 54 mi. and Longitude 141 degr. 3 mi. Course made west Southwest/ and sailed 13 miles the wind Variable at night at the end of 4 glasses in the first watch/ when the current began to run to the South/ we set sail the wind was very variable during the night but mostly southerly/ we did our best by tacking.

To-day 3 do.
We still did our best by Tacking as before since the wind was Southerly/ At noon we were right in the first narrows the wind northerly but almost calm/ At noon we estimated in the Southern latitude of 4 degr. 54 mi. and Longitude 140 degr. 59 mi. Course made South by west/ and sailed 6 miles/ in the afternoon heavy Rain/Shortly before Evening one mile beyond the first narrows we anchored in a calm in 30 Fathom good anchor-hold/ while the current was setting to the north/ about midnight we weighed Anchor with still water and set sail/ it was almost calm so that we made little progress.

To-day 4 do.
In the morning we still drifted in a calm/ At noon estimated Southern latitude 5 degr. 10 mi./ and Longitude 140 degr. 56 mi. Course made South by west and sailed 4 miles/ the wind variable/ and at 4 o’clock in the afternoon we got the wind Southeast Course Southsouthwest/ Straight for the narrows which lies close to boutton/ this is the narrowest part of the straits of boutton/ where we anchored after midnight in 12 Fathom anchor-hold.

To-day 5 do.
Early in the morning we weighed Anchor in a calm/ but as the current being ebb-tide/ had nearly run out we anchored Right in the narrows about 2 hours before noon with our kedge-anchor in 45 Fathom Hard Bottom/ At noon estimated Southern latitude 5 degr. 5 mi. and Longitude 140 degr. 52 mi. Course made South by west and sailed 3½ mile

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with variable winds and Rain/ in the afternoon with the fore-ebb and in a calm being engaged in weighing our Anchor we found the same to have caught beneath a rock and were forced to let it go/ we continued our voyage to Boutton so as to get out of the Straits to the South of boutton in the Evening with a south wind calm/ in the evening after the setting of the first watch/ the Person Jan Pieters of Meldorp steward’s mate whom we had put on board the Flute until the time that we should Arrive at batta. on account of some Causes with which said Person was charged, and which he had brought upon himself/ this delinquent let himself overboard by means of a Rope/ and thus swam to Shore at boutton/ at night the wind northerly with a slack Breeze Course west southwest.

To-day 6 do.
In the morning the centre of the Island of Cambona bore northwest from us about 2½ mile away the wind East Course west by South/ At noon we had the west point of Cambona north by west of us at 3 miles distance/ At noon estimated Southern latitude 5 degr. 43mi. and Longitude 140 degr. 11 mi. Course made west Southwest/ and sailed 11 miles/ in the afternoon a steady wind from the East Southe. At night at the Close of Second Watch we passed the Islets called the Boucqueronis in good Clear Dry weather.

To-day 7th do.
At noon we had the west point of the High land of Turatte northnortheast of us at about 3 miles/ distance/ Course west northwest along the Land with dry weather/ and Steady East wind/ At noon we estimated the Southern latitude 6 degr. And Longitude 138 degr. 1 mi.Course made west ½ Southerly the wind east with a steady Breeze/ in the Evening at Sunset we shaped our Course west by South/ straight for the large Shoal over which we Passed at midnight in 13 Fathom rocky bottom.

To-day 8 do.
In the morning a steady Southeast wind/ about 3 hours before noon we passed another large rocky Shoal sounded 6 fathom in the Shallowest we could see the bottom perfectly/ it was strewn mostly with large stones/ At noon observed Latitude 6 degr. 2 mi./ and Longitude 135 degr. 21 mi. Course made west/ and sailed 40 miles with a southeast wind/ Course still west by south in good weather.

To-day 9 do.
Southeast monsoon with good dry weather/ At noon we estimated the Island of Maduere to be souths.w. of us at 8 miles’ distance/ At noon observed Latitude 6 degr. 15 mi. Course made west by South/ and sailed 26 miles/ average longitude 133 degr. 49 mi.

To-day 10 do.
Good dry weather/ we took soundings in 35 Fathom At noon observed latitude 6 degr. 26 mi. and Longitude 132 degr. 29 mi. Course made west by South/ and sailed 20 miles/ in the Evening we had the western point of the Island of Lubeck north by west of us at 4 miles/ distance.

To-day 11 do.
In the morning the wind still Southeast/ we saw the Coastline of Java/ near Luban/ At noon it was calm estimated Southern latitude 6 degr. 26 mi. and Longitude 131 degr. 23 mi. Course made west and sailed 16½ mile we had here both sea and Land wind/ a Light breeze blew from the Sea/ in the afternoon/ the wind South with a fair Breeze/ we shaped our Course west/ at night the wind was Variable/ in the Evening the mountain of Lubuan was Due South of us/ we then saw the High mountain of Japare/ and the Islet which lay due west by south of us at about 6 miles’ distance.

To-day 12 do.
In the morning we drifted in a calm/ towards noon the sea wind coming from the northeast/ Course west by South/ At noon we had the Islet of Mandelique east by South of us at 4 miles’ distance/ and the Island of Crijsman Java northnorthwest of us at 6 miles’ distance/ At noon observed Latitude 6 degr. 27 mi. and Longitude 130 degr. 33 mi./ Course made west by south ½ point westerly/ and sailed 12 miles/ with land and sea wind we made our Course west by North/ in the afternoon the wind northeast with a fair Breeze/ in the Evening at Sunset the Island of Crijman Java lay northeast by north and northnorthe. of us/ we then made our Course still west by north as before.

To-day 13 do.
In the morning the wind southeast/ At noon we had the mountain of Cerebon Southeast by South of us/ we estimated that the bootges Island lay 10 miles west of us Course still as before/ with calm weather/
At noon observed latitude 6 degr. and Longitude 129 degr. 3 mi. Course made west by north/ and sailed 23 miles/ with Land and Sea wind/ in the Evening at Sunset/ we saw Poulo Rakitt/ lying west by north of us about 5 miles away/ we then made our Course west by South so as to run through Poulo Rakitt and the Coast of Java/ the wind East Southeast with quiet weather/ the mountain of Cerabon was South by west of us/ All through the night we sailed along the coast with the Land wind in 20 or 21 Fathom anchor-holding bottom.

To-day 14 do.
In the morning we Passed the Point with the Grove of trees we had the wind from the land/ with a fair Breeze and so sailed along the coast in depths of 18 or 15 Fathom/ until we came upon the shallow part of the Schadelijcken Hoeck/ At noon by estimation in the Southern latitude of 6 degr. 3 mi. and Longitude 127 degr. 59 mi. Course made west/ and sailed 21 miles/At noon we came upon the shallows of the Schaadelijcken Hoeck/ which we rounded sounding in 7 or 8 fathom/ At the end of the Shoal/ we saw an English ship at anchor which was flying the colours in top/ when we came near her she weighed Anchor/ and sailed to the East/ whither/ we do not know/ In the evening at Sunset we had the point of Caravan Southw. of us at about 5 miles’ distance/ we made our Course along the coast/ At night we sailed through between the Islands of Leyden/ and Enckhuijsen when we had run between these Islands for ¼ mile/ we cast Anchor in 11 Fathom anchor-hold/ estimated Southern latitude 6 degrees 12 mi. and Longitude 127 degrees 18 minutes/ Course made west by north and west northwest/ and sailed 11 miles.

To-day 15 do.
In the morning at Dawn I went to batta. in the Pinnace God be praised and thanked for safe Arrival Amen underneath it said Actum in the Ship Heemskercke date as above/ signed Your Wps. Obedient and ever Obliged Servant.

[Transcribed by Judy Dawson, Judy Gimbert, Margaret Broadfoot, Dorothy Gibson, Margaret Conlon from a translation by P.K. Roest